Mental Illness And Its Effects On The Society

Mental Illness And Its Effects On The Society
It is in natural to feel sympathy for those struggling around us. Whether someone is struggling on schoolwork or contemplating suicide, it is typical to
feel pity for their situation. As a result, society works towards helping those who struggle with worse mental health through various resources such as
counseling or psychopharmaceuticals. The majority of society believes that treatment for those with mental illness is beneficial to the society.
However, Eric G. Wilson, the Thomas H. Pritchard Professor of English atWake Forest University and leading expert in the relationships tying
literature and psychology, believes that that melancholia is over treated. In this way, he claims that the creativity and freedom of individuals in society is
obstructed. Though it is in human nature that people long for happiness, the benefits of struggle are largely ignored by humanity. In this respect, Eric
G. Wilson provides a strong argument to his audience, mainly by means of using language, that they should withdraw from their current, excessive
treatment of melancholia. Although Wilson uses many techniques to further his point, we must first examine Wilson's background to fully understand
Wilson's intentions,. At first glance, one may see Wilson as the Thomas H. Pritchard Professor of English at Wake Forest University. True, his prestige
has the innate power to reach those who have higher education and displays his trustworthiness. His education also explains his
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The Mind-BOD Conflection : Physical And Psychological...
THE MIND–BODY CONNECTION: PSYCHOSOCIAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN HEALTH2 NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY
ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Student: Stacy Katrina ( e) Green THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Follow these procedures: If
requested by your instructor, please include an assignment cover sheet. This will become the first page of your assignment. In addition, your
assignment header should include your last name, first initial, course code, dash, and assignment number. This should be left justified, with the page
number right justified. For example: DoeJXXX0000–1 1 Save a copy of your assignments: You may need to re–submit an assignment at your
instructor's request. Make sure you save your files in accessible location. Academic integrity: All work submitted in each course must be your own
original work. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by your instructor. Knowingly submitting another
person's work as your own, without properly citing the source of the work, is considered plagiarism. This will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the
work submitted or for the entire course. It may also result in academic dismissal from the University. PSY 8301 Dr. Amanda H. Deloye Psychosocial
Factors in Health Assignment: 1 Faculty Use Only THE MIND–BODY CONNECTION: PSYCHOLOGICAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN
HEALTH1

The Anatomy Of Melancholy By Robert Burton
Introduction
When an individual feels sad, hopeless, discouraged, troubled, or withdrawn from their usual interests and daily living for a short period of time, it is
depression. On the other hand, when these feelings heavily impact daily activities and bring severe and long–lasting psychological pain, this is major
depressive disorder (MDD). In addition to major depressive disorder identified as MDD, it may be referred to as unipolar depression, major depression,
or clinical depression.
According to Nemade, Reiss, and Dombeck (2013) the history of depression dates back as early as the second millennium B.C.; initially depression
was referred as melancholia. It was thought all mental illnesses were caused by possessions of the devil. In addition, depression was understood as "a
spiritual (or mental) illness rather than a physical one" (Nemade et al., 2013).
Depression was described by a Robert Burton by social and psychological causes, in his published work titled the "Anatomy of Melancholy." Dated in
the early 1600s, Burton's work provided recommendations and treatments for depression. Research by Gruenberg, Goldstein, and Pincus (2005) show
major depressive disorder was termed in the mid–1970s for the Feigner Criteria which lead to the DSM–III (p. 3).
Furthermore, major depressive disorder became defined by specific diagnostic criteria and change in terminology providing distinction from bipolar
disorder (Gruenberg et al., 2005, p. 3). In 1980, MDD was found in the DSM

Melancholy, By Carina Del Valle Schorske
"Melancholy," written by Carina del Valle Schorske, presents the reader with the mystery of melancholy and its relation to clinical depression–a
relevant, urgent issue that should indeed be addressed. However, the mystery remains unsolved as the piece progresses, and not in a way that promotes
open–ended discussion. The opening paragraph contains four central themes: melancholy does not equate to depression; depression is hard to define; a
number of well–known artists and writers deal with this affliction and try to capture the feeling in their work; melancholy's difference from
depression lies in its charms. As an introduction to the piece, the themes clearly display del Valle Schorske's thoughts on melancholy and depression.
It's the body paragraphs that spawn confusion between the four main ideas. Del Valle Schorske states: "The charms of melancholy seem to be the
charms of van Gogh's quietly kaleidoscopic color palette: in one self–portrait, every color used on his face is echoed elsewhere in the surroundings." In
only the second paragraph, del Valle Schorske tackles two of her four themes–artists suffer and melancholy charms–in a single sentence. And a few
lines later, she throws in a third: melancholy is not depression: "The charms of his work become the charms of his persona and his predicament." Here
is where confusion begins to complicate the main thesis; van Gogh's work is simultaneously melancholic and a product of depression, which is a direct
contradiction of,

Mourning and Melancholia in HemingwayвЂ™s For Whom the Bell...
Mourning and Melancholia in Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) begins with a quotation
from John Donne's "Meditation XVII." With this epigraph, Hemingway identifies the source of his title and defines the connections achieved between
human beings through mourning.: Donne's argument begins, "No man is an island," and it concludes with an assertion of our bond to the dead: "never
send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee." Proper mourning acknowledges the losses to our self in the death of another. Hemingway's For
Whom the Bell Tolls depicts such connections to the dead and examines the emotional effects of incomplete mourning in terms that parallel Freud's own
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In both works, Hemingway praises the volunteers who died fighting to protect republican values. In an introduction to the "Eulogy" written after
World War II, Hemingway scolded America for its failure to support these "premature antifascists" (Nelson 26). At another point, he explains this
failure: The majority of the career diplomats of England, France, and the United States , are fascist, and it is they who supply the erroneous
information on which their foreign offices and state departments act (Hem on War, 293). The ideologies of the diplomats led to the great bloodbath of
the Second World War. Hemingway helps us to mourn the deaths of Jordan and the other volunteers because he affirms that they are, in fact,
unacknowledged instances of our own losses. Yet, many of the volunteers in the International Corps during the Spanish Civil War felt betrayed by
Hemingway's depictions of literary and historical characters and events. Some of the veterans criticized the lack of political ideology in the central
character, the literary self–indulgence of the love relationship between Jordan and Maria, and the negative depictions of several of the leaders of the
Republican forces. Pilar's narrative describing the massacre of civilian villagers provoked the sharpest criticism. According to Milton Wolff, many
veterans felt that Hemingway had 2 Page 3 ignored fascist atrocities and betrayed loyalist soldiers who had been killed or wounded in Spain. Wolff also

Anatomical Theory Of Disease Essay
In this paper I am going to discuss the differences between the Humoral concept of disease, the anatomical theory of disease, the germ theory of
disease and the differences between each theory. I am also going to look at the historical significance of these theories and how they apply to health
and wellness in today's health care. The humoral theory comes from an ancient Greek theory that states that the human body is composed of four basic
humors. The Humoral theory is derived from the word "humor," but in this context, means "fluid". The Humoral theory is related to the theory of the
earth and the four elements. These elements are better known as earth, fire, water and air. The balance in these earthly elements allows the earth... Show
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The fundamental concept of this theory states that microorganisms can invade the body and cause certain diseases or even death. Before this theory
was accepted many people believed that a disease was a punishment for a person's evil behavior not a medical problem. These three theories differ
because they all covered different barriers when it came to treating and understanding diseases. The Humoral theory began with the four–elements and
the anatomical theory allowed us to take a deeper look into the functioning of the bodies systems. This helped us to learn what was happening in
the body, in the body systems and in the organs. Without these two studies we would not have come to the Germ Theory. Even though each theory
is different in concept each theory was important and we would not have been able to progress along to the next theory. If we would not have had
the germ theory we would not have discovered the need for vaccines or discovered antiseptics. These theories also allowed physicians to learn to
look at diseases on a micro (small scale) instead of just a macro scale or "big" picture. I feel that these theories have led to significant changes in
health care over the years. These theories have allowed scientist to discover not only how to cure some disease but also how to prevent diseases from
spreading. Scientists were able to develop vaccines, antiseptics, create personal protective equipment and enabled the public

Hamlet : Once A Man Of Reason
Hamlet: Once a Man of Reason In today's world, the word hero has been portrayed in many different ways. With each member of our society having
their own creative imagination on what qualifies as a hero, the definition has changed immensely. Unfortunately, no matter how impeccable a hero may
present himself, every fictional hero is indeed human. With that being said, the two share the same deficiencies as every human such as physical
disabilities, internal ailments, and mental impairments. Society has often characterized a hero as a person they idolize instead of someone who
provides guidance when sought. A common idol to many followers of classic literature is William Shakespeare. Shakespeare, having written many
classic plays and novels, is widely known for his writing. Hamlet, a widely known play by Shakespeare, has satisfied many audiences as well as
scholars during it's existence. The play, however, has puzzled many members of it's audience as to what is misconstrued about the main character,
Hamlet. Many believe Hamlet has a mental disability that Shakespeare has hidden deep inside the literature.
A common mental illness brought about in today's society is clinical depression. With the stress and great responsibility that develops a hero,
depression is almost guaranteed to develop after time and the effort it takes to rise above the rest of society. In the play Hamlet, depression overcomes
the life and personality of the main character. Although the illness is never

The Life of David Brainerd
David Brainerd was born in on April 20, 1718 to Hezekiah Brainerd, Esq, and Dorothy Hobart. He had four brothers and four sisters. Most of his
brothers ended up in the ministry, although those that did not were respectable upright people. David's father died when he was nine and his
mother died five years later when David was fourteen, so at a very young David was fatherless and motherless.1 David was always a type of person
inclined to be melancholy. He was always a religious person. He made sure that he did everything right, because he was afraid of death. He performed
all the duties of religion without a true conversion.2 Then, in 1738, David went to live with a man named Rev. Mr. Fiske. It was here that David kept a
regular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He would continually say in his diary that he felt the Lord. Then the next day he said that he did not feel the presence of the Lord. Overall he
would say that he longed to grow closer and closer to the Lord. By November of 1742, Brainerd had become commissioned to be a missionary to
the Indians.11 During that time of being a missionary, David, who had an estate left to him by his father, sold his estate and used that money to
fund a young man's college bill. That young man continued to have his school bill paid for until his benefactor died. He was able to go through
college until his junior year of college.12 Soon David was told by his missionary directors that they would like him to go the the Indians that lived
near the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers. On December 15, 1742 he said good–bye to his friends lest they never meet on this earth again, which was
a possibility due to the danger and weather of where he was going. On February 2, 1743, David Brainerd preached his farewell sermon in the home of
an elderly man, who had not been able to get out his house for some time, then David parted with his friends to go be a missionary to Indians.13 Before
David actually headed to his Indians, David talked about his spiritual life in his diary. He talked about enjoying spiritual peace and comfort, and
sorrow of sin. He also was in agony over sin. Then on April 1, he arrived at his Indians, not the ones near the Delaware and

Essay Psychological Causes of Depression
Psychological Causes of Depression The actual causes of depression are still unknown today but there are a few theories that could help explain
them. It is widely believed by psychologists and scientists that all mental disorders are brought about by a complex correlation of psychological,
biological, and social factors. A serious loss, chronic illness, relationship problem, work stress, family crisis, financial setback, or any unwelcome life
change can ignite a depressive disorder (Psychologyinfo.com). Depression is a serious disorder in the United States and has only become more
prevalent among individuals as their lives become more stressful and overwhelming. One theory for the cause of depression is the bio–psycho–social
model of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An assortment of psychological factors appears to play a part in the susceptibility to these unrelenting types of depression. People who have low
self–esteem, are not optimistic, and readily overwhelmed by stress, are prone to depression (Grohol, 2006). More than likely, these psychological
factors are completely accountable for other forms of mild and moderate depression, particularly reactive depression. Reactive depression is
generally diagnosed as an adjustment disorder during treatment. Social learning factors also demonstrate why psychological complications appear to
occur more regularly in family members, throughout generations. For example, if a child is raised in a pessimistic household, in which
discouragement is frequent and encouragement is not, the child will establish a vulnerability to depression as well. (Psychologyinfo.com., et al).
Recently, researchers have found that physical changes in the body can be paired with psychological changes as well. Medical ailments such as a
cancer, Parkinson's disease, stroke, heart attack, and hormonal disorders can bring about a depressive illness. This can result in the ill person to feel
unconcerned with their health and be unwilling to further care for their physical needs. In addition, any stressful change, financial problems,
relationship problems, or serious loss can activate a depressive affair (Grohol, 2006). Depression is a serious growing problem in the United

Summary Of The Triptych Melencome, And Knight, Death And...
The triptych Melencolia I (1514), St. Jerome in his Study (1514) and Knight, Death and the Devil (1513) by Albrecht DГјrer are allegoric copperplate
engravings, known as the old master prints, which embody the three spheres of human activity: the "intellectual", "theological" and "active"1. Whereas
the latter focused on the strengths of humanity through the figure of the 'knight', who perseveres despite the threat 'death' and immorality pose to the
mind, the former highlighted man's hamartia in this conflict: our curiosity, for a level of knowledge akin to the divine, that first caused humanity to fall
in the Bible.
Similar to Knight, Death and the Devil, the setting for Melencolia I is separated into two worlds. The background ... Show more content on
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Jerome in his study is cut from the right: accentuated by the vanishing point's placement, between the cut and saint– who appears absorbed by the room
and his studies. DГјrer's master print exhibits "supreme manifestation of the... perspectivist's scientia"4 mirroring the saint's enthralled look into
creation with his own geometrical studies, creating depth and texture from his concentration of light and hard lines in depictions of: shadows, objects
and sunlight. Compared to Melencolia I's dark atmosphere from an imbalance between thought and the corporeal world– the study's surroundings, such
as the cushions, implies a level of comfort associated with home–life. The patron saint of humanism is DГјrer's most depicted saint, due to his ties to
the movement: in St. Jerome in his study however his depiction also correlates with the first translation of Jerome's biography in German. Despite this,
the saint is not the focal point of the engraving, as Melencolia is: instead DГјrer draws attention towards the objects surrounding St. Jerome,
emphasising the figure's self–imposed isolation in his pursuit of knowledge. Biblical symbols can be interpreted from the gourd vine above the study,
referencing Jonah: "You had pity on the vine, for which you did no work and for the growth of which you were not responsible"5. The passage
mirrors Melencolia and St. Jerome's characters: passive and

Education For Leisure Carol Ann Duffy
In her poem "Education for Leisure", Carol Ann Duffy gives insight on troubled teenagers, by portraying an extremely despondent narrator. The
troubled disposition, is a direct result of constantly being neglected by those around, as the narrator himself states: "I have had enough of being
ignored." His ensuing killing spree, is therefore an attempt to make his voice heard, and through this Duffy makes a powerful statement: that those who
are scorned by society, may attempt to gain the attention they desire, by using even the most unorthodox of methods. The dreary atmosphere portrayed
in his words, along with his morose descriptions of the world around him, capture the narrator's melancholy, and it is thus Duffy's brilliant choices
regarding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having been constantly neglected, the narrator describes the world around him as "a sort of grey with boredom", and this is perhaps a fair reflection
of the dullness he feels in his life. Like the narrator's journey, the poem begins in a dark manner, and spirals downwards, becoming before depressing,
until the we are left with an uncertain, twisted and ultimately haunting conclusion. The narrator's dismal intentions are matched by an equally dreary
tone, as we are aware from the beginning that he has been driven to the point of killing in order to gain attention, and as the events leading to the
homicide ensue, we begin to understand the circumstances of the narrator, and the tone becomes increasingly desolate, in order to reflect the emptiness
he feels as a result of his neglection. The ambiguous ending of the poem is reflected in the twisted realization of the narrator, as he finds some sort of
enlightenment in killing. "The pavements glitter suddenly" and he moves forward to kill with newfound

Effects Of The Gmo Crops On Human Health
One idea we rejected was to genetically manipulate your hair to change color without the use of dyes and harmful chemicals. The way we look is
controlled by our genes, which we get from our parents. It is virtually impossible to naturally grow colored hair such as deep red, blue, and green,
but that doesn 't mean we don't want it. We would follow the steps of recombinant DNA but instead of using bacteria, we would use our own genes
and the other genes would be engineered. Once put back into the body, hair follicles would produce hair of our chosen color. The other idea we
rejected was creating non–GMO crops that could be sold at markets. GMO crops consist of health risking chemicals if consumed in large amounts.
GMO crops were created to grow crops in larger amounts and less time, but the farmers and businessmen didn't care about the effects of the GMO
crops to human health. Non–GMO crops would have a different approach to society though. A different chemical would be inserted into the crops to
still grow them in large amounts and little time. Farms would incorporate this fertilizer into their daily routine instead of spraying the crops with
harmful chemicals. We originally began our project by researching on how sound waves would affect people with manic– depressive disorder. It
would be very similar to using sound waves to control depression except the hertz would most likely be different. We would also need to target a
different area of the brain. People would

Depression: A Mental Illness
Depression is a very serious and detailed disease that affects the brain and body in multiple ways. Most people think of it as a simple chemical
imbalance, but in reality; it is very complicated and has multiple components. This disease has intrigued multiple people and has brought them to
study numerous amounts of text and even create their own writings about this mental illness. The History of Depression Depression has been
apprehended as an ailment for thousands of years and has been studied by multiple people throughout them. The Egyptians wrote of the problem
and has even created a temple that seems to be used as almost a hospital for the mentally sick. The Ancient Greeks and Romans also recognized the
idea of depression. In the 1500s they described it as a deep sadness. The Ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians saw depression as a curse. They
blamed angry and troublemaking Gods for the illness. Due to this belief, rituals and prayers had a main part of treating depression. The Ancient
Greeks and Romans called the disease they believed to be cursed upon them "Melencholia", which is what the world melancholy comes from. It was
not until around 300 B.C.E. that somewhat of a scientific explanation had appeared. Hippocrates, a Greek physician, proposed the idea of an
imbalance of four substances, or humors, in the body. Hippocrates believed that the four humors were yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm, and he
believed an increased amount of black bile induced deep

Mental Health History
ntroduction to the History of Mental Illness Before the advent of technology and the scientific age, sources of mental illness were found to be the
workings of demons, spirits, and the supernatural. In that first century B.C superstition eventually transformed into some of the first early biological
explanations. Hippocrates was the first to theorize that mental illness was a disease of the brain. With the fall of the Roman empire came the Dark
Ages in Europe. The churches of Europe gained massive influence and doctors were replaced with missionaries and faith healers. With the turmoil of
Middle Ages Europe's epidemics, political unrest, and famines a reversion of demonology was rampant in the form of witch–hunts, lunacy trial, and
other barbaric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there were other ways to ward of mental illness in this innovative society. The Ancient Egyptians treated mental illness through recreational
activities. Such activities were; concerts, dances, painting, and gardening. The disabled were to engage in activities in order to achieve some
resemblance of normality in their lives, as well as to relive symptoms of their illness such as erraticness. Knowledge of the human body was also
known to this civilization. The advancement of their technologies included surgeries, and medicine. Through papyri dating back to the sixteenth
century B.C.E , early documents suggest Egyptians were also likely the first to site the brain as the location of mental functions. Hysteria in women
was diagnosed as a biological function of a "wandering uterus" fumigation of the vagina was used to recorrect the organ and return it to its original
position. ( INCERT reference)
The early physician and commonly held "father of modern medicine" Hippocrates was a vocal critic of demonology. The Physician proposed mental
illness stems from natural forces within the body, principally the brain. If there were disturbances to ones' thoughts or actions, the brain was the source
of these abnormalities. The categories classified into three different categories: mania, melancholia, and

Eliminating The Depths Of Depression With Modern Medicine
Eliminating the Depths of Depression with Modern Medicine
Depression is like drowning with no hope for air. Of course, everyone hits that point in their life when everything seems to be unbearably hard, but
until one lives with depression one will never know the damage it brings. Untreated depression is the number one cause of suicide today. There are
many causes and solutions to this problem starting from genetics to therapy. Depression is a serious problem in our world today, especially if one is
ignorant on the subject.
Depression is defined as feelings of severe despondency and dejection. Research on this problem has progressed for centuries. Depression, which is
initially called "Melancholia", appeared in ancient Mesopotamian texts in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Child abuse is the most reported cause of clinical depression. "In one study, eighty percent of twenty–one year olds who reported childhood abuse met
the criteria for at least one psychological disorder (Childhelp.org)." The resulting disorders mainly pertain to depression, suicide attempts, and
alcoholism. Another cause of this terrible disease is death or loss of a loved one. Death is very hard to overcome. After death is a grieving
process. Accepting and minding those steps eventually help you to get through the loss. When the grieving process is prolonged it is usually
diagnosed as [Complicated Grief Disorder] or depression. Lastly, substance abuse, such as drugs and alcohol, plays a big role in this detrimental
disorder. "Men diagnosed with major depression are nearly three times more likely to develop a dependence on alcohol, while women with depression
are over four times more likely to become alcohol–dependent." (Futures of Palm Beach)
There are reports that major depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adults, or about 6.7 percent of the U.S. population age
eighteen and older, in a given year. Statistics also show that women are more susceptible to clinical depression, the lifetime generality of major
depression is 20–26 percent for females and 8–12 percent for males. Depression usually starts in people at the age of 18–24 but worsens in a persons
mid forty's until late sixty's. (DBS Alliance) With so many people affected, many wonder

Miracle Of Melancholia By Eric G. Wilson
Content "A person can only become a fully formed human being, as opposed to a mere mind, through suffering and sorrow." (page 2) Miracle of
Melancholia is wrote by Eric G. Wilson. In Miracle of Melancholia, poet John Keats, wrote a letter to his brother, George, at the time of the first
experiences of tuberculosis, which already killed his mother and brother, Tom. In the United States, the world is known as to be "very happy" or
"happy". The article is stating that sadness can be a motivator for stronger happiness in people and the world. Unless you have experienced some
type of sadness or sorrow, you will never know what true happiness is. In today's world doctors are trying harder and harder to find medications that
will end depression

Melancholia Research Paper
Major Depressive Disorder has always been a health problem for human beings. Initially called 'melancholia', this disorder has had a rather long and
interesting history. Depression was first understood to be a spiritual/mental illness rather than a physical one. For example, the famous Roman
philosopher and statesman Cicero argued that melancholia was caused by violent rage, fear and grief; a mental explanation rather than a physical one.
The early Babylonian, Chinese, and Egyptian civilizations thought of mental illnesses as a form of demonic possession and treated the person using
exorcism techniques such as beatings and starvation as well as other barbaric strategies like drowning and burning believed to drive out the demons
that had possessed

Analysis of the Poem, 35/10, by Sharon Olds Essay example
In the poem, "35/10" by Sharon Olds, the speaker uses wistful and jealous tones to convey her feeling about her daughter's coming of age. The speaker,
a thirty–five year old woman, realizes that as the door to womanhood is opening for her ten year old daughter, it is starting to close for her. A wistful
tone is used when the speaker calls herself, "the silver–haired servant" (4) behind her daughter, indicating that she wishes she was not the servant, but
the served. Referring to herself as her daughter's servant indicates a sense of self–awareness in the speaker. She senses her power is weakening and her
daughter's power is strengthening. It also shows wistfulness for her diminishing youth, and sadness for her advancing years. This... Show more content
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These phrases indicate that the daughter is strong and powerful, while the speaker is fragile and weak.
The jealous tone disappears at the end, however, and the poem ends wistfully and resigned stating that, "It's an old/story–the oldest we have on our
planet––/the story of replacement" (16–18). The speaker realizes that aging is part of the continuous life process, which starts at birth and ends at death.
She understands that each phase of life has a specific purpose for maintaining the species. Her daughter must mature so she can create new life, just as
the speaker did ten years ago. She knows that eventually her daughter will replace her and that the life process will continue to repeat itself for
generations to come.
The imagery in the poem "35/10" also conveys the speaker's wistfulness and jealousy for her daughter's youth. The speaker describes her daughter as,
"a moist/ precise flower on the tip of a cactus" (9–10) while she says, "my skin shows/ its dry pitting" (8–9). These phrases paint an image of the
daughter as blooming and new, whereas the speaker is wilting and used. The word moist is associated with youthfulness and the word dry is associated
with old age. The speaker's use of the contrasting words moist and dry also allows the reader to use visual and tactile senses to picture the physical
differences between the

Essay about King Lear and Madness in the Renaissance
King Lear and Madness in the Renaissance
It has been demonstrated that Shakespeare's portrayal of madness parallels Bright's A Treatise of Melancholie (Wilson 309–20), yet, the medical model
alone is insufficient to describe the madness of Shakespeare' s King Lear. Shakespeare was not limited to a single book in his understanding of
madness; he had at his disposal the sum total of his society's understanding of the issue. Since Lear's madness is derived from a mixture of sources, it
can only be effectively described in this larger context.
Because much of Renaissance medical theory was based on premises from the Middle Ages, a starting point for our understanding of Lear's madness
can be found in the 1535 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(1.2.294–298)
In Bartholomeus' model madness caused by an excess of choler is called "the frenesie". Its signs are "woodnes and contynual wakynge, mevynge
and castynge aboute the eyen, ragynge..." (3). It is caused by the red choler "made lyght with heate of it self... ravysshyd upwarde by veynes,
synewes, wosen and pypes" (2). The cure involves bleeding the patient, shaving his head and applying vinegar and ointment to the head. However it
also recommends creating a calm environment for the patient, feeding him a sparse simple diet, and "above all things... men shall labour to bringe
hym a slepe" (3–4). Kent seems to be aware of this most important part of the cure, and through him we realize that Lear's madness may have been
shortlived had he been able to rest before fleeing to Dover:
Oppressed nature sleeps.
This rest might yet have balmed thy broken sinews,
Which, if convenience will not allow,
Stand in hard cure. (3.6.94–98)
However, not all contemporary models of madness relied solely on humours. Timothy Bright's model simplifies Bartholomeus' categorization of

madness by calling all madness melancholy, but diversifies it by distinguishing two separate types of

Hamlet and the Impact on the Audience Essay
Hamlet EssayMany of the plays written by Shakespeare in his time were performed to influence his audience and provoke thought and debate the
social, cultural and economic events that were taking place at that time. Shakespeare's Hamlet, in particular, was a reflection of the events happening
during the Elizabethan era. In this essay, the focus is mainly on Act IV scene IV and the speech of Hamlet and the essay focuses on answering the
question of the effect Hamlet had on the audience in the Elizabethan era, specifically culturally, socially, and economically. It is the purpose of this
essay to demonstrate that due to the religious turmoil of the Elizabethan era, Hamlet's reference to God in Act IV was significant to show that... Show
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This action taken by Shakespeare affects the attitude the audience may have towards either Catholics or Protestants at the time by creating a mutual
understanding of the religions. In doing so, Hamlet does not create disagreements and succeeds in meeting the rules of the Queen, for it is not a
religion–oriented play. Nothing is more interesting than to analyse the behaviours of a psychotic person. In an attempt to draw the audience into the
play, Shakespeare uses the physiological processes of the body and their relation to the mind and soul.3 In the Elizabethan era, many were fascinated
with medicine and the psychological behaviour of others. This is shown from the play where Hamlet's sanity level is based on the four humours–
Blood, Phlegme, Choler and Melancholie; all seasons mixed and mingled together within the veins, though not alike for everyone: for even as it is not
possible to finde the partie in whom the foure elements are equally mixed...there is alwaies someone which doth over rule the rest and of it is the
partie's complexion named: if blood doe abound, we call such a complexion, sanguine; if phlegme, phlegmatic; if choler, cholerike; and if melancholie,
melancholike (Laurentius 84)2 This explains that when one contains too much of a certain humour in his blood, they will have the characteristic traits
of this humour. From

I Was Hospitalized For The First Time
Last March, during the spring semester of 2015, I was hospitalized for the first time, a month after attempting suicide. During my nine days in a
psychiatric unit in New London, Connecticut, I experienced things that I had never in imagined seeing outside of movies. The area I was in is not the
wealthiest of places, and the health care system is beyond flawed. When discharged from the hospital, I was diagnosed with major depressive disorder
and post–traumatic stress disorder. Upon returning to school, I was intimidated and aggressively pressured to take a medical leave, by the Dean of
Student Life, while I was simultaneously trying to figure out what the prescriptions that the doctors had given me were doing to my mind. At the
time, I refused to take a medical leave because my academics are of the utmost importance to me, and I felt as if I would be giving up, if I left. I
needed to finish the semester, for myself. I knew I could do it, and I had to prove it to everyone else. After missing two weeks of school, I was
behind in all of my classes, but I didn't allow this to discourage me. Although some professors were more sympathetic to my situation than others, I
managed to pull through and complete all but one class, on time. I was given additional time to complete the remaining course, which I did.
Over this past summer, my very best friend passed away, the morning after her 19th birthday. I was at work, when my parents were informed of what
happened. Due to my previous

Alison Bechdel : Fun Home : A Family Tragicomic
Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic is a graphic novel that recounts different occurrences in Alison Bechdel's life. The most prominent story is of
Bechdel's coming out; the second is surrounding her father's death. Bechdel uses literary references, especially from Homer's Odyssey and Joyce's
Ulysses, throughout her comic to describe her own journey, her father and her relationship with him. Through the narratives in the graphic novel, it can
be seen that the Bechdel household is not mad but rather holds a disturbed family dynamic. Sigmund Freud explains the process and symptoms of
melancholy. He describes it as a reaction to a loss of an ideal kind, and in reaction they lose interest of the outside world, capacity to love, etc
(244,248). Through his article, it is clear that melancholy has taken over the Bechdel household, especially in Bruce Bechdel's case. Bruce is overcome
with shame because of his homosexuality and becomes melancholic and creates distractions for himself within his life. He elaborately decorates his
home to create a facade. Bechdel calls him a "skillful artificer" (7); he is good at making an attractive exterior. Freud describes a melancholic in his
article, "Mourning and Melancholia" as someone "whose sole aim has been to hide the weaknesses of his own nature" (246). Interestingly enough,
Bechdel refers to her father as the "Deadalus of decor" within the first few pages of the tragicomic; she explains that "historical restoration wasn't his
job. It was his

Summary Of George Wilson's Understanding Of Melancholia
In this article, Wilson's understanding of melancholia makes this authors writing very rich. The writer's description of pain in his context is powerful
and drives the point behind his main thesis. Wilson's very first statement gives a valid example, "Do you not see how necessary a World of Pains and
troubles is to school an Intelligence and make it a Soul? ". One could come to an understanding without this article pain and suffering could be
considered a weakness. The writer introduced this quote towards the end to change my opinion "I'm saying that it's more than all right to descend into
introspective gloom. In fact, it is crucial, a call to what might be the best portion of ourselves, those depths where the most lasting truths lie".

Eric G. Wilson's The Miracle Of Melancholia
Background Eric G. Wilson was born in 1967, and attended Appalachian State University, Wake Forest University, and the City University of New
York where he gained a Ph.D. Wilson is currently a professor at Wake Forest University who teaches courses on British and American Romanticism.
He has written many books, and "The Miracle of Melancholia" was published in the Los Angeles Times. I have never reallythought too much about the
effects that sadness can have on people, especially the positive effects. After reading the first paragraph of this piece, I was a little skeptical but as I
continued to read, the author's argument further developed and I now agree that sadness can have positive effects.
Summary Thesis ( ). Wilson begins by introducing a question posed by a poet named John Keats that details the necessity of experiencing pain and
trouble to make a real human being. The author makes sure to note that this is not a popular way of thinking in the United States where many people
strive to increase their happiness and forget about the bad times. Wilson points out that it must be delusional to try to be happy in light of all of the
problems people face in the world, and he also claims that trying to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The piece made me consider an argument that I had never considered before. It is not often that someone suggests that experiencing sadness is an
integral part of becoming a well–rounded human being. Wilson also included ideas that would support his argument like, "And aren't we merely
trying to slice away what is most probably an essential part of our hearts, that part that can reconcile us to facts, no matter how harsh, and that also
can inspire us to imagine new and more creative ways to engage with the world?" (5). I think the argument that Wilson presents is a good one, and I
like that he adds the opinions of many artists to help back up his argument concerning the positives of being

Effects Of Depression On Adolescents And Young Adults
In the DSM IV major depressive disorder is classified by depressive episodes lasting at the least two weeks at which a depressed mood is shown
including a loss of enjoyment in previously pleasurable activities and or loss of interest a sad or irritable mood, a significant change in weight or
appetite, problems sleeping or concentrating, and feelings of worthlessness. When this intense sorrow begins to tatter with your self–worth and causes
you to feel hopeless for a period of time enabling you from performing normal daily routines it may very well be clinical depression one may be
suffering from. Clinical Depression is a mood disorder that is treatable.
The symptoms of a depressed individual often reflect: hopelessness, agitation, guilt, feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, significant weight loss, insomnia
and thoughts of suicide. Depression can distort the way that an individual views their lives, self or even the things around them. The effects of
depression are expressed in numerous different ways among various age groups. For adolescents and young adults symptoms may include irritability,
sadness, avoidance of social interactions and anxiety. This is the time when emotional turmoil and heightened sensitivity are more prevalent. Thus
allowing "depression to become the most common psychiatric disorder" (Khan &McCrae).Depression has a wide range of factors making it easy for
anyone to obtain which eventually allowed this to become a communal among many different groups of

Shakespeare's Motivation In Hamlet
Known for the immense amount of unanswered questions and mysteries, Shakespeare's play "Hamlet" has led to many discussions regarding the true
feelings of Hamlet and his motivations for revenge. Tormented by the death of his father and the marriage of his mother to his uncle Claudius, Hamlet
must struggle through the betrayal while seeking the truth of what occurred. No matter how many times Hamlet's actions have been analyzed, no one
conclusion can be made as to why Hamlet makes the choices he does. This unfortunately has left the character of Hamlet unexplainable to readers.
Many scholars are adamant in their belief of Hamlet having an Oedipus complex based on the fact that Hamlet seems reluctant to take revenge on his
uncle; however, when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, while it is true that Hamlet did not act swiftly or rashly, it does seem that he was more thoughtful and careful in his plot against Claudius.
According to Oscar J. Campbell, Hamlet is "a manic–depressive, who vacillates between violent action and brooding inaction" (Reed 178). This can be
proven by the juxtaposed actions of Hamlet. In the beginning of the play, the reader sees Hamlet as a melancholic young man mourning the death of
his father, but by the end the reader is presented with a nonsensical Hamlet that gains his revenge ruthlessly. Also, Hamlet exemplifies this statement by

5-Htpr Case Study
Question: Does 5–HTTLPR moderate the effect it has on stressful life events (victimization) differently depending on gender?
Importance: In Benjet et al.'s study (2010), the investigators state that the results of the interaction of the 5–HTTLPR and environmental variables for
adolescent boys have been inconsistent. The research on adolescent girls though has been the opposite, as results have been more definitive. Since there
have been inconsistencies in the literature for adolescent boys between the moderation of 5–HTTLPR and other factors, there is a need for more
research to be done on this group of children to better understand how depression symptoms are developed on boys and to investigate whether
adolescent boys that have 2 short alleles (s/s) have a genetic vulnerability like their female counterparts do. This would also help in creating
preventative measures for male adolescents if they do have this genetic vulnerability and if they do not, maybe there is some other factor that could be
moderating depression on adolescent boys more than adolescent girls.
Answer: I do not think that 5–HTTLPR has different moderating effects because if it did, there should be more conclusive results. What I think could
be driving these inconsistencies is social stigma. Adolescent girls tend to report higher levels of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It could also be due to parenting. People who suffer from bipolar disorder do not necessarily have to have episodes of depression so this could promote
for more adaptive and supportive parent–child relationships compared to the mothers who suffer from unipolar depression. Because of this, children do
not suffer high intensity bur rather "mild" disorders since the parenting of bipolar mothers could be less discordant than the parenting of unipolar

Larz Von Tier's Melancholia
Fade–in. Woman's face, sullen, not frowning or smiling. She's intensely looking into the camera there seems to be no movement, but then birds begin
to fall from the sky. This is the opening image of Larz Von Trier's Melancholia. This slowed down time being by portraying this woman–who we come
to find out after the eight–minute non–diegetic intro– is Justine (Kristen Dunst). Cuts. Establishing shot of setting. Garden, landscape, in the
background rocks overlook into a body of water edged by rocks. Painterly. Very lush greens; fourteen trees divided symmetrically mirroring each other.
Sun clock in the center of the symmetrical trees cast shadow. There are two lighting points here, Both Melancholia and the Sun are shown above
in the sky, the clock also has undesirable time because of reflection from both sides of the moon. This is Von Triers symbolical representation of
the end of the world. Time is meaning less; life is meaningless, and nature is uncontrollable. This is Justine's perception of the world. She's
melancholic. This is Melancholia. Unlike her sister, who sees all she has to loose in the world and how small she is in comparison to world around
her. Clair is anxious. Then we see melancholia, a large planet with a swirling blue grey atmosphere that is hiding behind the sun, and comes into orbit
with earth. In this essay I will argue that Larz von trier uses and pays homage to the ideals of Romantic Era philosophers and artists to influence to
portray his vision of

Melancholia Essay
The Melancholia oil painting by Giorgio de Chirico dated 1916 measuring 20 x 20 ВЅ inches and the Standing Nude Woman sculpture by Alberto
Giacometti dated 1953 measuring 8 ВЅ x 3 ВЅ x 4 Вѕ inches located in the Menil Collection were both encouraged by European art during the
Surrealist movement. This was a time to explore the unconscious mind and to draw from dreams and imagination which resembled a feeling of sadness
and alienation suggesting feelings of silence in everyday life.
There are many different ways an artist uses visual elements/principles in describing their art. The oil painting shows exaggerated colors on the
landscape to show the effect and appearance of its brightness. Both vertical and horizontal lines describe the movement away ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A brush for thin strokes was required to paint the warm yellow color in the arches and tower to contrast with the background of the greenish–blue sky
painted darker to resemble dusk and the gold and black tints are in the foreground. The rhythm of the archways leads your eyes from one point in the
other direction creating unity of the shapes, colors and patterns showing coordination and proportion to one another. The symmetrical painting has
variety of elements that bring the design together with the focal point of the small–scale statue showing the value in contrast to the brighter
background for the viewer to fill closer to the artwork. It balances the picture and is representative therefore you are able to identify the scenery with an
amount of abstraction in the statue. The three–dimensional empty space sculpture has a vertical line of two end points intended for the body and
horizontal for the large base, like the Cubism style, but missing beauty and bright colors. The color is naturalistic white clay with thin strokes of a
brush to paint the shiny gold trim but the rectangular shapes are used for defining the body parts, like the narrow small head. The chisel for carving
around a wire armature, which had to be used to detail

Songs From The North Poem Analysis
The narrator finds comfort and peace in silence and stillness of nature, similarly as in "Songs from the North". In both examples the narrator seems to
already be "here" insinuating that the longing is in fact not tied to any specific place but time. The narrator has reached the tranquility of mind where
the pain is no longer, but in his hopefulness he is realistic that the relief is only temporary. The narrator seems to be longing the present moment even
before it is gone, thus making him pre–nostalgic that is evoked by the transience nature of life. Similarly as in "The Heart of a Cold White Land", in
"Away" the use of juxtaposition of light and dark characterize the different feelings of the narrator. Light seems to refer to hope and relief whereas
dark relates to feelings of pain and fear.
The last example of longing is also the last song of the triple album, "The Clouds Prepare for Battle". The lyrics represent longing from a different angle
than in earlier examples. The narrator is returning home, thus he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In song "The Gathering of the Black Moths" has experienced loss of loved ones that in turn causes him to the loss of hope. Similarly in "7 Hours
Late" the lyrics describe the narrator's loss of his father but also the loss of hope as his father will never return. In "Heartstrings Shattering" the
narrator relives the loss of a loved one every time he remembers her. Also in "Room and Shadows" the narrator has lost loved ones and that loss has
caused great pain and sorrow for him. As exemplified by these four song lyrics, death circles around the concept of melancholy. AsEdgar Allan Poe has
stated "of all melancholy topics what, according to the universal understanding of all mankind, is the most melancholy? Death was the obvious reply"
(Poe 1846:

Essay Revenge in Shakespeare's The Tempest
Revenge in Shakespeare's The Tempest
The nucleus of the plot in Shakespeare's The Tempest revolves around Prospero enacting his revenge on various characters who have wronged him in
different ways. Interestingly enough, he uses the spirit of Ariel to deliver the punishments while Prospero delegates the action. Prospero is such a
character that can concoct methods of revenge but hesitates to have direct involvement with disillusioning his foes. In essence, Prospero sends Ariel to
do his dirty work while hiding his involvement in shipwrecking his brother, Antonio, from his daughter, Miranda.
Prospero, the "rightful" duke of Milan, primarily seeks revenge against two people, Antonio and Caliban. But, Prospero allows his ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their interaction with one another, and Miranda's hesitations to believe all her father says are two areas in this relationship to study. She is seemingly
unaware of the family feud between Prospero and Antonio. She doesn't remember their banishment or how she and her father even got on the island.
She was only three years old. (1.2.48)
In the reader's first encounter with Miranda and Prospero, it is clear that she suspects he's caused this tempest to occur. (1.2.1) Miranda is displeased
because she thinks Prospero has used his magic to stir up the seas. Prospero never denies he caused the tempest, but he never openly admits it either.
Instead, he offers the conventional response of Shakespearean love: "I did it for you." (1.2.16) Typically, such a response would not take place in the
vertical parental relationship, but rather between lovers or potential lovers. (see Richard III : 1.2.138) Shakespeare's use of this response from a father
to a daughter alludes to a break in the traditional make–up of the father–daughter relationship. And thus, it is important to examine.
WHAT IS REVENGE?
The Elizabethan disposition concerning revenge was that it was an act fueled by a condition, an ailment of the body. To Shakespeare's contemporaries,
revenge was the end result of the disease, melancholy.

Melancholia In Orestes Research Paper
Ancient Greece, depression was referred to as melancholia. Melancholia was portrayed in Orestes, ______. In a vase from 400 BC, Orestes is
drawn having a ceremony to get rid of vengeful spirits that would not leave him alone since his mother was killed. In the book Orestes by
Euripides, Orestes is depicted as a helpless, exhausted and motivationless person who barely ever wanted to eat but was constantly crying and
sleeping. Jason the Argonaut is another Greek work that has to do with melancholia. Jason is described as a hero who is always in action trying to
resolve problems. However, he becomes a helpless and bad–tempered person when his ship is wrecked on the coast of Libya. In the 4th century BC
however, melancholia began to be viewed as an illness in Greek scientific work. For example, the physician Hippocrates wrote that melancholia was
a depressive temperament that resulted when bodily "humors" or fluids were not balanced. According to Hippocrates, the body was composed of
blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. When someone became ill, it was thought that there was an excess amount of a substances. At the time,
Hippocrates, as well as other Greek physicians, believed that having an excess amount of cold black bile in someone's body... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Noblemen, as well as other individuals, began to share their ideas more and would also describe themselves with somewhat of a melancholic
temperament in order to feel empowered. For example, in the 15th century, Robert Burton wrote The Anatomy of Melancholy in which he analyzed the
history, causes and treatments of melancholia, while also making sure it was seen as a blessing. Soon, melancholia was viewed as a fashionable trend
in the culture. Plays, such as Shakespeare's Hamlet, were now including characters that matched the description of a depressed

The Notion Of Mortality In The 16th And 17th Century
Scholars explore the notion of melancholy in the 16th century and 17th century by presenting its causes, symptoms, cures, and origins. Interestingly,
they all incorporate and refer to the work of Robert Burton's The Anatomy of Melancholy to support their argument. Angus Gowland, author of The
Problem of Early Modern Melancholy, derives the symptoms of melancholy from sadness and fear. Then, Gowland notes how these symptoms are the
"most prominent features" of melancholy. In other words, it is known that melancholy is mainly linked from sadness and fear. However, he fails to
explain where he drew these conclusions from, and mentions the reader should "understand the breadth of the cultural resonance and recognize the
multiple and interrelated psychological meanings of the term", melancholy. To inform the reader, he introduces how melancholy expanded. First, he
refers to particular forms of behavior and experiences relating to emotion. He indicates that these forms can explain why women are "especially
susceptible and are marginally more likely to be diagnosed of melancholy." As a result, this led increased the attraction of melancholy in the aspect of
moral, spiritual, and medical attention. This is important because this leads to further research on the moral and spiritual aspects on melancholy and
increasing the medical attention. Thus, physicians and historians can refer to these works and explain the understanding of melancholy for all. One
fault in this claim is how he fails to elaborate or list what particular behaviors and experiences that women. Gowland simply presents his claim and
continues to the next subtopic without further explanation. To add, the author of Melancholy and the Therapeutic Language of Moral Philosophy in
Seventeenth–Century Thought, Jeremy Schmidt agrees with Gowland on his prominent symptoms of melancholy. However, Schmidt presents his
contention differently. He showcases how "melancholic emotions were the primary substance of melancholic dotage; the ravings of the
melancholically mad and their frequent obsession with a single idea were often driven by an overwhelming feeling of fear and sorrow." Schmidt
implies that those with this melancholic condition were "mad" and have an

The Correlation Between Two Hardships
Imagine your older sister was just diagnosed with Leukemia. How does that make you feel? How do you think she feels? I wanted to research the
thoughts and feelings someone who has cancer might go through. From the research, I found depression to play a big role in the outcome of the
patient's therapies and quality of life with cancer. In fact, a study shows there is a direct correlation between the two, which is quite fascinating; it
amazes me how the brain, the body, and the unconscious mind work together. This topic hits home when it comes to cancer. Sadly, we have all lost
someone to the deadly disease or know someone who is battling it right now. I've always wondered what my loved one might be feeling. Do they
believe they can fight cancerous cells or will they succumb to the illness and fall into depression? I find it upsetting to see the second choice happen,
but what if there was something we could do? These questions lead me to research the correlation between two hardships: cancer and depression. In the
event of being diagnosed with cancer, one may experience many emotions, from anger to hatred, or sadness to even the feeling of guilt. Along with
emotional strain, a patient will experience treatments and therapies to help fight the cancerous cells. The type of treatment cancer patients receive has
multiple side effects, including depression as a dominant effect. From these two different yet relatively relatable conditions, many clinical trials

Melancholia Depression
Melancholia: Depression on Film Melancholia is defined as a mental condition characterized by extreme depression, bodily complaints, and often
hallucinations and delusions. Lars von Trier wrote the film during his own episode of severe depression, and noted the tendency of the depressed to
remain peaceful during catastrophic events. To reflect this detached sense of reality, Lars Von Trier rejected his rigidly realistic Dogma 95 principles
for a dreamlike aesthetic that represents the depressed mind of the main character Justine (played by Kirsten Dunst). He splits the film into two parts
with each part named after one of the main characters. Part one is named after Justine and takes place during the night of her wedding reception. Justine
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most graphic allusion is when Justine, in her wedding dress and with a bouquet of flowers, is floating lifeless down a stream of water. This is a
recreation of John Everett Millais painting entitled Ophelia. Ophelia, a character from Shakespeare's Hamlet, is perhaps the most famous depressive in
all of literature. Justine embodies this image of being trapped and detached from loved ones, through her emotionless and dead–eyed expressions.
Justine and Claire both try to escape during the film but they both fail; therefore, they are literally trapped on the mansion property, which gives an
increasing sense of hopelessness and dread. Richard Wagner's song, Prelude to Triston and Isolde, is played as a haunting refrain throughout the film.
The song mixes depression with beauty and desire, like how the beautiful aesthetic of the film mixes with the hopelessness on screen. I appreciate that
Lars von Trier rejects end of the world movie clichГ©s, and instead shows something deeper and more poetic. The end of the world is experienced
through the broken Justine and Claire, and not shown through massive destructions of major cities and mass hysteria. The end of the world is a
fiercely intimate and unescaping event, instead of a time filled with last minute hook–ups and hedonistic bucket–lists. It is interesting to watch how
Justine and Claire react to the knowledge of their impending

Hamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay
After thoroughly analysing the tragic play of Hamlet written by William Shakespeare, I have concluded that Hamlet only ever pretends to be mad. In
researching various critic's opinion on Hamlet's madness I found that they had similar views to mine. The critics I reference are A.C. Bradley, Paul A.
Jorgensen, and Alexander W. Crawfor.
A.C. Bradley's view is that what the audience see as madness in Hamlet is really only his melancholy. This is very different from the madness which
Hamlet feigns, as when he is alone or in the company of Horatio exhibit any signs of madness. I would argue a similar view because I believe that
the sudden death of Hamlet's father, and the quick marriage of his mother with his uncle, would certainly make a huge impact on his life. It is
evident that he struggles to come in terms with this new situation, and relationship. This is supported by the text; Hamlet says " For, look you, how
cheerfully my mother looks, and my father died within these two hours." (Act III, Scene II). "A little more than kin, and less than kind" (Act I,
Scene II). These two quotes show the disapproval of his mother, and uncle's newly found relationship. It is understandable as only recently he lost his
father and is not ready to accept another in his place, this leads him to his melancholy. I strongly agree with Bradley's theory because if we take a
look at the scenes where Hamlet is alone and is speaking his soliloquies, it is evident that he is melancholic but still

Daydreams and Nightmares: Paradoxical Melancholy and Sally...
What comes almost as a fascinating insight in Sally's world of songs, lovers, cigarettes and lonesomeness is a magnified view of the city, where
destitution predominates and one never fails to turn a deaf ear, to the midnight calls from the street corners. Isherwood ponders in the opening lines
of Goodbye to Berlin, this idea of being a disjointed wanderer upon a sensitive landscape. In the section, 'Sally Bowles', Isherwood traces acutely the
problematic disposition of a woman, who also breathes the foreign air of the city and decides to live. If that is all it takes to be herself. In this paper I
intend to look into the changing dialectics of hedonism and melancholia that traces the structure of Sally's mind and experience. Her ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead, she incorporates all her vituperated emotions to acquire an agency to live. Sally came to Berlin, she recollects to the author–narrator, to work
as an actress with the UFA. We are almost immediately reminded of Erich Pommer's production of Josef von Sternberg's 1930's Weimar classic Der
Blaue Engel (The Blue Angel) with Marlene Dietrich (as Lola Lola) occupying the central stage as Rath, the conventional professor falls in love with
Lola Lola, loses his sanity and becomes mad. It also reminds us of the tragedy Lulu in G. W Pabst's Die BГјchse der Pandora (Pandora's Box, 1929).
There is almost a similar tendency observed in Isherwood's novel where Sally is always prioritised by her lovers as the stereotyped outsider or the
impossible woman, whose position should be quarantined only as the carnal object of desire. It is the overwhelming charm of Sally's personality and
beauty that not only entices the lovers but also threatens to damage them, psychologically. Hence she is a loner and throughout the course of the novel
maintains a strong sense of gloomy solitude to draw her own concept of emancipation and identity. Freud mentions that instead of 'getting over' and
recuperating from the sense of loss, the melancholic interiorises their sadness, anticipates a cathartic tendency of the mind to identify and conflate with
objects, situations, individuals distinctly appertaining to their loss and grief. Sally's

Mourning And Melancholia Analysis
In Mourning and Melancholia, Sigmund Freud explicates how mourning and melancholia are intertwined with profoundly similar features such as the
loss of a loved object and dwelling on loss. Freud outlines mourning as "the reaction to the loss of a loved person, or to the loss of some abstraction".
Further, mourning gives an individual a system by which they can experience their sorrow, and perhaps most importantly provides an end for them to
reach a point they are able to move on. Conversely, melancholy is mourning without end. Freud writes, "The complex of melancholia behaves like an
open wound...", making it a continuing cycle of mourning. In this essay we will examine how historical and ongoing trauma results in suffering,
objectification, dissociation, illness, psychosis, and even addiction, primarily in two texts – Angela Garcia's The Pastoral Clinic and Frantz Fanon's
Black Skin White Masks.
Trauma significantly impacts the psychological state of a person, which in return affects and overpowers their functioning. Different groups have no
choice but to experience and cope with this trauma given the institutions that are made available to them. The traumatic stories of their ancestors may
be kept from children as protection, but effects may still impact children as they search for a link to their identity. Thus, historical trauma can
significantly affect individuals as people can lead their lives with constant feelings of loss, mourning, and grief. The effects of past trauma on people
impact the person's relationships with close family members, which result in additional, emotional, and psychological pain for the individual. Further,
this personal trauma not only echoes across communities but also across generations.
The Pastoral Clinic
In The Pastoral Clinic: Addiction and Dispossession along the Rio Grande, Garcia returns to her childhood community and offers an insightful
ethnographic account that authentically works to reveal an understanding of pathological drug use among Hispanos in the Espanola Valley of New
Mexico. She establishes an understanding of how heroin use relates into the concept of connectedness and longing, how the patient embodies the
medical term of chronicity and addiction, and how

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