to collaborate who can study about parking design in transportation engineering

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Parking Design in front of CE
Building BUET
Report Submitted By –
Group-1
Nizam Uddin - 1204004
Shuvro Kumar Chakravorty-1204009
Nazifa Tabassum (Mou) – 1204010
Pronob Kumar Ghosh – 1204011
Abir Khan Ratul - 1104052
Anindya Banik - 1104084
Mahadi Hasan -1004095
Submitted to –
Professor Md. Shamsul Haque
Assistant Professor Sanjana Hossain
Department of Civil Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

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ABSTRACT
Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the increasing road traffic. BUET campus
provides all staff and students a place for their working, studying and even living. So, here parking
is one of the important issues for transportation planning and traffic management. For providing
parking space in front of Civil Engineering Building, we make a parking survey. From this survey,
we design a parking slot and parking control measure and future extension so that the upcoming
parking facility can be well ensured. In addition to design, the existence problematic issues are
described in this report.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to almighty God.
I write this acknowledgement with great honor, pride and pleasure to pay my respects to all who
enable us either directly in completing this report. I express my deep sense of gratitude to Md.
Shamsul Haque, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering and Sajana Hossain, Assistant
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology
for being valuable guidance to us especially for writing this report that I have encountered while
working on this report.

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CONTENTS
Page No.
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
Contents iv
List of Figures vi
List of Tables vii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General 1
1.2 Objectives of Parking Design study 1
1.3 Scope of this Study 2
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 General 3
2.2 Prior studies regarding Parking demand and supply 3
2.2 a. Downtown Huntington Parking Study
2.2 b. Case Study on Supply and Demand for University 3
Parking Facilities in College of Engineering UNITEN
2.3 Parking Policy of Bangladesh 4
2.3 a. Policies on Managing Parking Demand
2.3 b. Policies on Supply of Parking Spaces 5
2.3 c. Policies on Operation and Maintenance of Parking Facilities 5
2.3 d. Policies on Parking Regulation 5
2.3 e. Policies on Enforcement of Regulations 5
2.4 Conceptual Definition of Some important terms 5
2.4 a. Parking Volume 5

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2.4 b. Parking Accumulation 6
2.4 c. Parking Load 6
2.4 d. Parking Index 6
2.4 e. Average Parking Duration 6
2.4 f. Parking Turnover 6
2.4 g. Parking Spillover 6
2.5 Parking Demand and Supply 7
2.5 a. Parking Demand
2.5 b. Parking Supply 7
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 8
3.1 General 8
3.2 Type of Parking 8
3.2 a. On Street Parking 8
3.2 b. Off-Street Parking 10
3.3 Parking Survey 11
CHAPTER 4 DATA COLLECTION 12
4.1 Data Collection 12
4.2 Inventory Study 13
CHAPTER 5 DATA ANLYSIS 14
5.1 Parking Demand Survey Data 14
5.2 Four Wheel Parking Vehicle Dimensions 15
5.3 Design Length of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle 16
5.4 Design width of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle 17
5.5 Design Door Opening of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle 18
5.6 Dimension of Two Wheel Vehicle 19

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5.7 Design length and width of two wheel vehicle 19
5.8 Summary of Design Dimension 21
5.9 Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width 21
5.10 Parking Slot Design 22
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 24
6.1 Conclusion 24
6.2 Recommendation 24
References 25
Appendix 26
A.1 Parking Slot Design and Future extension is shown in AutoCAD File

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List of Figures
Figure No. Figure Title Page
3.1 Parallel Parking 9
3.2 Angular Parking 9
3.3 Off-Street Parking 10
3.4 Parking Survey Area in front 11
of CE Building, BUET
5.1 Total Number of Parking Vehicle in 15
different time interval
5.2 Design Length Determination 16
for Four Wheel Vehicle.
5.3 Design Width Determination 17
for Four Wheel Vehicle.
5.4 Design Door Opening Determination 18
for Four Wheel Vehicle
5.5 Design Length Determination for Two Wheel Vehicle. 20
5.6 Design Width Determination for Two Wheel Vehicle 20
5.7 Bi-Cycle Fluctuation 23
5.8 Motor-Cycle Fluctuation 23

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List of Tables
Table No. Table Title Page
4.1 Summary of Parking Data from 7AM to 12 AM 12
4.2 Summary of Parking Data from 12PM to 5 PM 13
5.1 Total Number of Vehicles Parked in each hour interval. 14
5.2 Dimension of Four Wheel Classified Vehicle 15
5.3 Parking Design Length of Four Wheel Vehicle 16
5.4 Parking Design Width of Four Wheel Vehicle 17
5.5 Parking Design Door Opening of Four Wheel Vehicle 18
5.6 Dimension of Two Wheel Vehicle 19
5.7 Parking Design Length of Two Wheel Vehicle 19
5.8 Parking Design Length of Two Wheel Vehicle 20
5.9 Design Vehicle Dimension 21
5.10 Aisle width and corresponding their angle 21
5.11 Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width 22

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Parking is one of the major problems that is created by the increasing road traffic. It is an
impact of transport development. The availability of less space in urban areas has increased
the demand for parking space especially in areas like Central business district. This affects the
mode choice also. This has a great economical impact. BUET campus provides all staff and
students a place for their working, studying and even living. Parking is one of the important
topics in urban transportation planning and traffic management. This is true too for the
university campus. In recent years, higher education has developed rapidly, which has led to
a dramatic increase of students educated on campuses and thus severe shortage of land used
for teaching and researching. For providing students enough space for living and guaranteeing
the land used for teaching and researching, many university employees who originally lived
on the campus are encouraged to move out. They have to buy private cars used for commuting
between their living places and the campus. Consequently the number of private cars owned
by them has increased notably. In addition, the communication between universities and
communities is much closer than before because of the system reform currently occurring in
this country. Therefore, how to formulate and manage the campus transportation system,
particularly the parking subsystem, has attracted much attention in both academic and
practical circles.
1.2 Objectives of Parking Design study
The Study aims to identify existing and future parking and loading/unloading problems and to
recommend remedial measures to address these problems. The main objectives of the Study are:
 To validate and enrich the existing inventory of parking and loading/unloading
facilities for the whole campus and convert it into a spatial format
 To assess the present and future parking demand and supply situations
 To review the parking and loading/unloading provision
 To identify the scale of current parking related problems
 To review and enhance the Parking Demand Model
 To recommend new remedial measures and formulate new initiatives for the
improvement of present parking situation

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1.3 Scope of this Study
Parking studies involve collecting the required information about the capacity and use of
existing parking facilities. In addition, information about the demand for parking is needed.
Parking studies may be restricted to a particular traffic producer or attractor. In our case, the
civil building is the traffic generator. Traffic comes here, some will be parked whereas others
will drop off their passengers and leave. However, due to uncontrolled and unorganized
parking, there’s a loss in how efficiently the available parking areas are used. Our objective is
to carry out a survey and thereby provide a systematic layout of the parking lot so as to
minimize congestion and increase the available parking space. Moreover, taking into account
that demand might rise in the future with regards to supply, future provisions for parking slots
will also be included in the design. The main concern of this survey is to cater for the traffic
parking demand of civil building. For the parking lot design, the following surveys were
carried out-
 Inventory Survey
 Supply Survey
 Demand Survey
 Survey to find out the design vehicle
 Operational aspects of parking
Our end goal is to find out the number of allowable parking slots, classify the parking slots
for staffs and students, providing room for disabled parking, identifying areas unsuitable for
parking or not granted by authority and finally provide with proper parking signs for
prohibited areas.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General
Related journals, reports and prior studies in abroad have been explored to get a clear
concept about the parking demand supply analysis. The relevant parking terms have been
identified and studied for the further analysis of the study.
2.2 Prior studies regarding Parking demand and supply
2.2 a. Downtown Huntington Parking Study
The study has been carried out at the CBD area of the Town of Huntington. The objective of
this study was to provide details on the efficiency of existing parking facilities and determine
the need for revising the existing parking supply. To gather information on existing parking
supply and its use, parking inventories have been done. Accumulation (or occupancy) checks
and license plate checks are the two types of usage studies used in this study. A total of 124
parking spaces were identified in the downtown area. The parking survey was performed for
one day. The study started at 7.00 AM and was performed every half hour until 8.00 PM. The
number of occupied parking spaces was recorded at the beginning of each interval. In
addition, parking turnover information was collected by recording the last three license plate
characters. From the survey result, the parking in downtown Huntington did not seem overly
problematic. Most streets and lots did not reach their full capacity at any time during the day.
In addition, many of these areas could withstand a much higher volume of automobiles.
(Pioneer Valley Metropolitan Planning Organization, 2006)
2.2 b. Case Study on Supply and Demand for University Parking Facilities in
College of Engineering UNITEN
This study was carried out at the main campus of University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). The
objectives were to identify the current parking supply and next five years parking demand in
the university area and gave suggestions or recommendations to solving the problem. The
study consist parking inventory, parking usage survey using license Plate numbers method and
parking interview for determination the current parking supply.
From the result of current data, the next five years future parking demand had been estimated
by study and information from the administration data, questionnaire, and parking space
zoning regulation and parking generation. This study did not find any problem except with
one lot which was totally opposite of what the students of the university claimed. For future
parking demand 1540 parking spaces should be provided in five years time. As recommendation,
besides built a new parking area, which is more costly, law enforcement

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must done strictly to restrict the non-sticker users’ park at the university parking.
(Ismail & Norhisham, 2008)
2.3 Parking Policy of Bangladesh
In order to reduce congestion and improve the traffic movement within the DMDPA, the
DTCB has taken the initiative to outline strategies to reduce the negative effects of parking.
This is to be achieved by formulating a parking policy. First draft of this policy was prepared
by DTCB in February 2002 and was reviewed by the World Bank. Based on their
suggestions, the policy document was revised with the assistance of a specialist and was
circulated among concerned agencies in mid October 2002. The basic policy sectors were:
Jurisdiction, Demand for Parking Spaces, Supply of Parking Spaces, Parking Regulation,
Enforcement of Regulations, Operation and Maintenance, Institutional Setup and
Strengthening Supportive Legislation. Some related issues regarding demand for parking
spaces were: spatial growth trends within DMDPA, work centers, spatial development
policies for Dhaka, increasing vehicle ownership, heterogeneity of vehicles etc. there were also
issues discussed regarding parking supply. Those were: supply of off-street parking spaces,
parking standards, supply of on-street parking spaces, slow augmentation of road capacity,
parking for non-motorized vehicles etc (DTCB, 2005). The relevant and selected segment of
parking policy which is duly considered during forming recommendations is provided below
2.3 a. Policies on Managing Parking Demand
 Non-restrictive parking shall be adopted in residential areas where the demand for parking
is much less than the available of parking spaces.
 Restrictive parking shall be adopted in areas where the demand exceeds the available
parking spaces. These shall be enforced through pricing and regulatory mechanisms.
 Two types of parking charges shall be levied at public parking places in the restrictive
parking areas. Normal charges aimed to recover of operation and maintenance expenses
shall be levied in locations where the parking provision does not adversely affect the
movement of traffic. Deterrent parking charges shall be more than the normal charges and
shall be adopted in areas where parking demand is in excess of supply or in places where
parking is observed to adversely affect the movement of traffic.
 Regulations shall include parking restrictions to specific or all types of vehicles either by
time of day or by duration or for specific purpose of travel or for vehicles carrying less
than specified number of passengers per vehicle or by location.

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2.3 b. Policies on Supply of Parking Spaces
 Parking standards shall be reviewed once every five years. Necessary
modifications shall be incorporated in the building rules.
 There shall be regular monitoring of parking provisions in all buildings.
Buildings found to be deficient in parking provisions vis-à-vis current building
rules shall be required to pay a parking facility fees. This shall be in proportion
to the extent of violation with respect to the required provision. The revenue
from this source shall be used for augmenting parking facilities (on-street / off-
street) in the area.
2.3 c. Policies on Operation and Maintenance of Parking Facilities
 Concerned local authorities shall be responsible for the efficient operation and
maintenance of public parking facilities.
2.3 d. Policies on Parking Regulation
 In restrictive parking areas, on-street parking shall be prohibited on all roads
within the area except at places where it is specifically permitted by authorized
road signs and markings.
2.3 e. Policies on Enforcement of Regulations
 The Local Police shall be responsible for enforcing parking regulations as
notified by the Police Chief.
 They shall assign adequate number of police personnel of appropriate rank for
surveillance and enforcement of parking regulations in each zone. Each zone
shall have a tow truck to facilitate eviction of offending vehicles.
2.4 Conceptual Definition of Some important terms
To analyze the existing parking demand and supply condition and to formulate recommendation
for the improvement, some terms are very important to be studied.
2.4 a. Parking Volume
Parking volume is the total number of vehicles parked at a given duration of time. This does
not account for repetition of vehicles. The individual vehicle entered in the area is recorded.

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2.4 b. Parking Accumulation
It is defined as the number of vehicles parked at a given instant of time. Normally this is
expressed by accumulation curve. Accumulation curve is the graph obtained by plotting the
number of bays occupied with respect to time.
2.4 c. Parking Load
Parking load gives the area under the accumulation curve. It can also be obtained by simply
multiplying the number of vehicles occupying the parking area at each time interval with the
time interval. It is expressed as vehicle hours.
2.4 d. Parking Index
Parking index is also called occupancy or efficiency. It is defined as the ratio of number of
bays occupied in time duration to the total space available. It gives an aggregate measure of
how effectively the parking space is utilized. Parking index can be found out as follows:
2.4 e. Average Parking Duration
It is the ratio of total vehicle hours to the number of vehicles parked.
2.4 f. Parking Turnover
It is the ratio of number of vehicles parked in duration to the number of parking bays
available. This can be expressed as number of vehicles per bay per time duration.
2.4 g. Parking Spillover
It is the difference between the parking demand and the available parking supply in any
certain period of time. Its value indicates no. of parking deficit in that time period.
(Rao & Mathew, 2007)

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2.5 Parking Demand and Supply
2.5 a. Parking Demand
It refers to the amount of parking that would be used at a particular time, place and price. It is
a critical factor in evaluating parking problems and solutions. Parking demand is affected by
vehicle ownership, trip rates, mode split, duration (how long motorists park), geographic
location (i.e., downtown, regional town centre or suburban), the quality of travel alternatives,
type of trip (work, shopping, recreational), and factors such as fuel and road pricing.
There are usually daily, weekly and annual demand cycles. For example, parking demand
usually peaks on weekdays at office buildings and on weekend evenings at theaters and
restaurants. Parking demand can change with transportation, land use and demographic
patterns. For example, a particular building may change from industrial to residential or
office use, neighborhood demographics and density may change, and the quality of transit
service may change, all of which affects parking demand.
Different types of trips have different types of parking demand, and different types of parking
facilities tend to serve different types of trips. For example, commuters need long-term
parking, and because they park all day they are relatively price sensitive. Many commuters
are willing to walk several blocks for cheaper parking. Off-street parking leased by the month
tends to serve commuters. Customers need shorter-term parking that is located as close as
possible to their destination, and are often willing to pay a relatively high hourly price for
increased convenience. On-street parking that is metered or regulated to maximize turnover
tends to serve customers (Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2011).
2.5 b. Parking Supply
It refers to availability of parking space. Parking is a major urban land use. Availability of
parking (parking supply) usually depends in large measure on intensity of development and
cost of land. It may be governed by building codes or ordinances, and it may be controlled to
achieve some strategic economic or policy purpose. The adjustment of parking supply outside the
normal processes of the private marketplace to achieve strategic objectives is often referred to as
parking management. Management of parking supply is a balancing act. If too much parking is
provided in surface lots, it uses valuable land resources and often results in widely-spaced and
disconnected development patterns. Too little parking or poorly designed or located parking can
result in parking spillover to adjacent areas, lead travelers to choose alternate destinations, and/or
inhibit development (Transport Research Board, 2003).

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 General
When an Engineer is designing Roads; he must take care that he designs the required
Parking Areas as per the requirement and the study of the traffic in that area.The Parking
Methods play a major role in controlling traffic and avoid chaotic confusion and traffic jams
because of lack of Parking facility.
3.2 Type of Parking
On the basis of the style of Parking Areas, there are two major types of Parking-
1. On Street Parking
2. Off Street Parking
3.2 a. On Street Parking
As the name itself suggests, “On-street Parking” means the area allotted for Parking purpose
at the sides of the roads. For efficiency in Parking system; the On street Parking is divided
into two types:
1. Angular Parking
2. Parallel Parking
3. Perpendicular Parking (efficient Parking Method)
1. Parallel Parking System
The vehicles are parked one behind the other. The Parking lot is designed as per the area
required if Parallel Parking is adopted. It has been surveyed that the area required for Parallel
Parking is much lesser that required for Angular Parking. Therefore, more number of vehicles
can be parked in this Parking System. For this reason, this Parking system is generally
adopted.

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Figure 3.1 Parallel Parking
2. Angular Parking
The vehicles are parked at an angle. It may be a 30 degree angle or 45 degree. The vehicles
can be easily reversed if parked at an angle. Hence, proving as an efficient Parking System
in case of vehicular circulation.
Figure 3.2 Angular Parking

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3.2 b. Off-Street Parking
Off-street parking means a Parking Area is designed adjacent to the Road or in a place or
building which is not the part of the road. Main advantage of this parking is to stay for long.
It requires walking of quite large distance to reach destination.
Some of the examples of Off Street Parking:
 Parking lots
 Bypass road
 Multistory Building Garage
 Parking Lanes
Figure 3.3 Off-Street Parking

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3.3 Parking Survey
Location: In front of Civil Engineering Building, BUET, Dhaka.
Survey: 6th
May 2017 – 9th
May 2017.
Enumerator: 7
Parking Type: As our study area is away from roadway, so off-street parking is followed.
Our study area is shown in following map-
Figure 3.4 Parking Survey Area in front of CE Building, BUET.
CE Building
EME Building
Parking Study Area

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CHAPTER 4
DATA COLLECTION
4.1 Data Collection
Group-1 Enumerators continued parking study form 6th
May to 9th
May 2017. We count parking
vehicle from 7AM to 5PM. For each an hour we count three or two parking data because one day
data can not be a proper design data. Our group data is attached in Appendix. Now here, the
collected data are given in Table 4.1 & Table 4.2 for each an hour.
Table 4.1 Summary of Parking Data from 7AM to 12 AM
Time Date Car Micro Pajero
Motor-
cycle
Cycle Noha
Pic-
up
Pro-
Box
Rental-
Car
Army
Jip
7-8
AM
6/5/2017 9 0 0 4 17 0 0 1 0 0
7/5/2017 6 0 1 5 22 0 0 2 0 0
8/5/2017 7 1 3 7 18 3 0 0 0 0
8-9
AM
6/5/2017 11 1 2 6 22 1 0 2 0 1
7/5/2017 8 2 2 8 24 0 1 3 1 0
8/5/2017 13 2 3 9 20 3 0 5 0 1
9-10
AM
8/5/2017 15 2 2 7 17 2 0 5 0 1
9/5/2017 12 1 1 10 15 0 1 2 1 0
10-11
AM
6/5/2017 9 0 2 5 17 2 0 3 1 0
7/5/2017 11 3 1 6 23 0 1 4 1 0
8/5/2017 20 1 1 8 18 2 1 4 0 0
11-12
AM
6/5/2017 14 3 0 8 19 4 1 3 0 1
7/5/2017 15 2 2 8 14 1 1 5 1 1
8/5/2017 22 1 1 8 16 2 3 4 0 0

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Table 4.2 Summary of Parking Data from 12PM to 5 PM.
Time Date Car Micro Pajero
Motor-
cycle
Cycle Noha
Pic-
up
Pro-
Box
Rental-
Car
Army
Jip
12-1.0
PM
7/5/2017 13 1 0 6 12 1 0 3 0 0
8/5/2017 19 0 0 6 12 1 1 1 0 1
1-2
PM
6/5/2017 7 2 0 7 14 4 0 1 0 0
7/5/2017 15 0 0 9 14 1 0 4 0 0
2-3
PM
6/5/2017 10 2 0 8 21 5 1 0 0 0
8/5/2017 12 1 1 7 19 1 1 0 1 0
3-4
PM
6/5/2017 11 2 1 9 21 4 2 2 0 1
8/5/2017 7 0 2 10 23 0 0 2 1 0
4-5
PM
6/5/2017 10 1 0 4 5 2 1 0 0 0
8/5/2017 8 0 0 2 4 0 0 1 0 0
4.2 Inventory Study
Parking inventory surveys are intended to consider all the parking available in an area. Data
about the width of the road, width of footpath, type of parking provision were collected. The
existing total parking area and no parking zones in the study area were marked and the area of
these were collected. The Total available parking space data collected is presented below.
 In front of Civil Building =2866 sq. ft.
 Behind Civil Building =1110 sq. ft.
No Parking area are
 In front of Concrete LAB = 2163 sq. ft.

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CHAPTER 5
DATA ANALYSIS
5.1 Parking Demand Survey Data
In order to determine the peak demand, a demand survey was carried out. The demand survey had been
carried out throughout the 4 days (6th
May 2017- 9th
May) of previous week week so as to obtain more
reliable and representative data. Throughout this four days the corresponding demand of different
categories of vehicles were determined. The days were selected so that the maximum demand occurs during
the week and holidays were excluded as demand falls drastically. The initial demand survey extended from
7 am to 5 pm, during which the institution remains open and the demand is expected to be fairly high. The
total no. of vehicles parked in hourly intervals were obtained from the maximum parking within those days
of each hour interval and the data is given below in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Total Number of Vehicles Parked in each hour interval.
Time
Total Number of
Parking
7-8 AM 47
8-9 AM 62
9-10 AM 56
10-11 AM 64
11AM-12 PM 68
12-1.0 PM 44
1-2 PM 57
2-3 PM 50
3-4 PM 58
4-5 PM 24
If we plot a histogram of “Total Number of Vehicle Parked vs Time Interval” that will clearly show us
that the peak hour is from 11 AM to 12 PM. Total number of parking in this peak hour is 68. For this
peak hour we find design parking space and parking control measure.

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Figure 5.1 Total Number of Parking Vehicle in different time interval
5.2 Four Wheel Parking Vehicle Dimensions
The Peak hour parking is occurred in 11AM-12PM. Now we have to determine the parking design
length, design width, design door opening. In below Table 5.2, the classified parking vehicle (Four
Wheel Vehicle) dimension and their number involved in peak hour is given.
Table 5.2 Dimension of Four Wheel Classified Vehicle.
Name Number Length Width
Front
Door
Opening
Back
Door
Opening
Corrola 22 11'-6" 5'-5" 3'-6" 3'-3"
Micro-Bus 3 16'-2" 5'-8" 4'-2"
Pajero 2 13'-10" 5'-6" 3'-8" 3'-2"
Noha 4 14'-6" 5'-1" 3'-6"
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
7-8 AM 8-9 AM 9-10
AM
10-11
AM
11-12
AM
12-1.0
PM
1-2 PM 2-3 PM 3-4 PM 4-5 PM
47
62
56
64
68
44
57
50
58
24
TotalVehicleParked
Time Interval
Histogram of Parking vehicle in different time
interval

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Pic-Up 3 11'-11" 5'-0" 3'-4"
Pro-Box 5 13'-6" 5'-7" 3'-4" 3'-2"
Rental-Car 1 15'-8" 5'-6" 3'-10" 3'-2"
Army JIP 1 14'-5" 5'-6" 4'-0" 3'-10"
5.3 Design Length of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle
Now, we category each specified length and their corresponding parking in peak hour. For each
length, % of frequency and cumulative percentage of frequency is calculated. 85 percentage
cumulative frequency shows the parking design length of four wheel vehicle.
Table 5.3 Parking Design Length of Four Wheel Vehicle.
Length
(inch)
Frequency
Percentage of
Frequency
Cumulative
percentage of
frequency
138 22 53.659 53.659
143 3 7.317 60.976
162 5 12.195 73.171
166 2 4.878 78.049
173 1 2.439 80.488
174 4 9.756 90.244
188 1 2.439 92.683
194 3 7.317 100.000
Now, if we plot a graph length vs. cumulative percentage of frequency, we find design length
corresponding to 85% frequency. The design length is 174 inch (14’-6”).

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Figure 5.2 Design Length Determination for Four Wheel Vehicle.
5.4 Design width of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle
Now, we category each specified width and their corresponding parking in peak hour. For each
length, % of frequency and cumulative percentage of frequency is calculated. 85 percentage
cumulative frequency shows the parking design width of four wheel vehicle.
Table 5.4 Parking Design Width of Four Wheel Vehicle.
Width
(inch)
Frequency
Percentage of
Frequency
Cumulative %
of frequency
60 3 7.317 7.317
61 4 9.756 17.073
65 22 53.659 70.732
66 4 9.756 80.488
67 5 12.195 92.683
68 3 7.317 100.000
Now, if we plot a graph width vs. cumulative percentage of frequency, we find design width
corresponding to 85% frequency. The design width is 66.5 inch approximately 5 feet 6inch.
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
100.000
0 50 100 150 200 250
Cumulativefrequency
Length (inch)
Design length for four wheel vehicle
Cumulative frequency
174

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Figure 5.3 Design Width Determination for Four Wheel Vehicle.
5.5 Design Door Opening of Four Wheel Parking Vehicle
Now, we category each specified Door Opening and their corresponding parking in peak hour.
For each Door Opening, % of frequency and cumulative percentage of frequency is calculated.
85 percentage cumulative frequency shows the parking design Door Opening of four wheel
vehicle.
Table 5.5 Parking Design Door Opening of Four Wheel Vehicle.
Door
Opening
(inch)
Frequency
percentage
of
Frequency
Cumulative
% of
frequency
40 8 19.512 19.512
42 26 63.415 82.927
44 2 4.878 87.805
46 1 2.439 90.244
48 1 2.439 92.683
50 3 7.317 100.000
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
100.000
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
Cumulativefrequency
Width (inch)
Design Width for four wheel vehicle
Cumulative % of frequency
66.5

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Now, if we plot a graph Door Opening vs. cumulative percentage of frequency, we find design
width corresponding to 85% frequency. The design Door Opening is 42 inch (3 feet 6 inch).
Figure 5.4 Design Door Opening Determination for Four Wheel Vehicle.
5.6 Dimension of Two Wheel Vehicle
Now we have to determine the parking design length, design width of two wheel vehicle. In below
Table 5.6, the classified parking vehicle (Two Wheel Vehicle) dimension and their number
involved in peak hour is given.
Table 5.6 Dimension of Two Wheel Vehicle.
Name Number length width
Moto-cycle 8 7'2" 3'
Bi-cycle 19 6' 2'2"
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
100.000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Cumulativefrequency
Door Opening inch
Design Door Opening for four vehicle
Cumulative % of frequency
42

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5.7 Design length and width of two wheel vehicle
Now, we category each specified length and width and their corresponding parking in peak hour.
For each length and width, % of frequency and cumulative percentage of frequency is calculated.
85 percentage cumulative frequency shows the parking design length and width of two wheel
vehicle.
Table 5.7 Parking Design Length of Two Wheel Vehicle.
length
inch
frequency
% of
frequency
cumulative
% of
frequency
72 19 70.370 70.370
86 8 29.630 100
Figure 5.5 Design Length Determination for Two Wheel Vehicle.
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
100.000
70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88
Cumulativefrequncy
length, inch
Design Length for two wheel vehicle
79

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Table 5.8 Parking Design Length of Two Wheel Vehicle.
Width
inch
frequency
% of
frequency
cumulative
frequency
26 19 70.370 70.370
36 8 29.630 100.000
Figure 5.6 Design Width Determination for Two Wheel Vehicle.
5.8 Summary of Design Dimension
Now, design dimension of 4 wheel and 2 wheel vehicle is shown in Table 5.9.
Table 5.9 Design Vehicle Dimension.
Vehicle Design Criteria Dimension
Four Wheel
Design Length 14'-6"
Design Width 5'-6"
Design Door
Opening
3'-6"
Two Wheel
Design Length 6'-7"
Design Width 2'-6"
0.000
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
80.000
90.000
100.000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Cumulativefrequency
width, inch
Design Width for two wheel vehcile
cumulative frequncy

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5.9 Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width
Parking dimensions have been developed to comfortably accommodate the composite design
vehicle which has been calculated for Four Wheel Vehicle Design Length 14'6"* W 5'6" in our
design. Parking dimension includes depth of stall, aisle width and area needed for maneuvering.
Stall depth is considered 9 feet which is standard in several codes such as "Larkspur (California)
Municipal Code” & "Parking Structure Design Guidelines (for Lincoln, Nebraska) ".Aisle is the
driveway through which a vehicle enters or leave the parking facility. Aisle width is minimum 12
feet for one way aisle and minimum 22 feet for two way aisle. Maneuvering area consists of length
and width of a rectangle necessary for parking and unpacking a vehicle. The following Table 5.10
shows Aisle Width for various vehicles and for different parking angles.
Table 5.10 Aisle width and corresponding their angle.
Aisle Width for Parking
(9' standard Stall)
Angle one way two way
parallel 12'
min 22'
30 12'
45 14'
60 17.5'
90 26'
Table 5.11 Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width.
Data of Maneuvering Area and Aisle Width
Vehicle Type Maneuvering Area
Aisle Width On-
Way
jeep 19.5' 15' 15'
pic-up 15' 13' 13'
CNG 12' 8' 8'
Car 1 16' 14' 14'
Car2 19' 17' 17'
Car 3 14' 14' 14'
Car 4 14' 13' 13'
Jeep 1 16' 15' 15'

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From the Table 5.11, we can see for a jeep the maneuvering area is 19.5’ x 15’. Since the length
of roadway is sufficient, 19.5’ was not a limiting factor. Rather the width occupied by a car while
leaving the parking slot is considered as the limiting factor and we had to see if the width of the
isle is sufficient enough to accommodate such.
5.10 Parking Slot Design
Based on dimensions of design vehicle, the size of parking slots for 4 wheeled vehicles were determined
to be following-
Parking Slot length = 15 feet
Parking slot width = 9 feet
For door opening, a space of 3.5ft width is kept and this is shared by adjacent cars so that 1.75ft belong
to each parking slot. Based on this and the available parking area, number of slots available in different
sectors are given below-
Four Wheel Vehicle Parking Slot
for Teachers and staffs =10
for General = 26
for Disable Person = 2
The parking for motor bikes and bicycles, we find design length 6’-7”and design width 2’-6”. In our
parking area length is not limited factor. So, the size of parking slots are chosen to be 7ft (length) x
3.5 ft. (width) for motor bikes and 6ft (length) x 2ft (width) for bicycles. Bi-cycle and Motor –Cycle
are fluctuating frequently through the whole day. So, to get the maximum demand we draw
fluctuating curve for Bi-Cycle and Motorcycle.

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Figure 5.7 Bi-Cycle Fluctuation.
Figure 5.8 Motor-Cycle Fluctuation.
The maximum existing demand of bicycles and motor bikes are 24 and 10 respectively whereas the
corresponding available parking slots of such are 36 and 13. So the demand is satisfied. Future
parking provision for bicycles and bikes include an additional slot of 15.
0
5
10
15
20
25
7-8
AM
8-9
AM
9-10
AM
10-11
AM
11-12
AM
12-1.0
PM
1-2
PM
2-3
PM
3-4
PM
4-5
PM
22 24
17
23
19
12 14
21 23
5
NumberofBi-Cycle
Time Interval
BI-CYCLE Fluctuation Histogram
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
7-8
AM
8-9
AM
9-10
AM
10-11
AM
11-12
AM
12-1.0
PM
1-2
PM
2-3
PM
3-4
PM
4-5
PM
7
9
10
8 8
7
9
7
10
4
AxisTitle
Axis Title
Total Motorcycle

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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusion
Depending on the size and shape of the tract, only 900
parking layouts are provided because they
require the smallest area per car space and can suffice to the current demand. The peak demand in
peak hour (11AM -12PM) is 41 (in 4 day observation). The Total available capacity is 38 slots
including 36 slot and 2 slot for disable person. To accommodate some small additional parking,
parking control measure such as time scheduling can be provided.
In order to facilitate entry and exit of cars in front of civil building, a roundabout may be provided.
Moreover, a solution was also given to one of the current problem that exists at the back of civil
building. Previously cars used to drop off their passengers during rain by driving straight to the
porch and thereby causing congestion when another passenger car follows right behind it. So the
pattern was “Fast in, Last out”. We recommended constructing a glass corridor on one side of the
porch which extends right to the main street. So, during rain, a car just have to drop off the
passenger at the corridor and leave right away giving him/her the option of “Fast in, Fast out” and
relieves the area of congestion.
6.2 Recommendation
 Waste of concrete lab should be properly managed.
 Proper parking control should be implemented.
 For comfortable parking area, tree plantation can be done.

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REFERRENCES
1. http://parkandgo.org/media/parking_studies/appendI.pdf
2. http://www.codepublishing.com/CA/Larkspur/?larkspur18/larkspur1856.html&?f
3. http://www.slideshare.net/ShakilURP06BUET/parking-demand-supply-analysis-of-
differentcommercial-land-uses-along-mirpur-road-28691376
4. http://cityofberea.org/pdf_cityofberea/en-US/FinalParkingStudy.pdf
5.http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/niatt_labmanual/chapters/parkinglotdesign/theoryandco
nc epts/parkingstalllayoutconsiderations.htm
6.https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/2015/SFMTA_bicycle_parking_guidelines.pdf
7. http://www.mapc.org/resources/parking-toolkit/parking-study-howto

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APPENDIX
A.1 Parking Slot Design and Future extension is shown in AutoCAD File (Attached)