Basic computer recognition

1. THE
COMPONENTS
OF A
COMPUTER

3. Mechanical Calculator
• made by Wilhelm Schickard.
• used cogs and gears similar to those
in clocks .

4. Punch Card Technology
• made by International
Business Machine (IBM)
• made from stiff lightweight
cardboard, punch cards
were used by data
processing machines to
record information.

5. Electronic Numerical Integrator
Analyzer and Computer(ENIAC)
• designed by John Presper and John
William Mauchly.

6. 3-6
Basic Concepts of Computer
Hardware
• This model of the typical digital computer is often called the
von Neumann computer.
– Programs and data are stored in the same memory:
primary memory.
– The computer can only perform one instruction at a
time.
CPU
(Central Processing Unit)
Input
Units
Output
Units
Primary Memory

7. 3-7
Basic Concepts of Computer
Hardware
• Input/Output (I/O): Refers to the
process of getting information into and
out of the computer.
– Input: Those parts of the computer
receiving information to programs.
– Output: Those parts of the computer that
provide results of computation to the
person using the computer.

8. STORAGE
Refers to the ability of computer to store and
retain data in their memories
Types of Memory
1. Volatile memory - refers to computer memory
that requires electric power to maintain
stored data.
ex. Random-access memory (RAM)
2. Non-volatile memory – retains data even if
electric is cut off.
ex. hard disks, floppy disks, and CD
ROMs

9. Process
• Data processing - Is defined as the
conversion of data from one format to
another
• DATA – refers to a collection of numbers
and characters which the computer
understands.
• MICROPROCESSOR – brain of the
computer
• controls the flow of data – Central processing unit
(CPU)

10. Method of Processing
• Parallel Processing - harnesses the
power multiple processors in one
computing entity to perform a single
task.
• Distributed Processing - is used to
bind multiple computing entity so
that they become a single
centralized unit focused on common
task or goal.

11. CENTRAL
PROCESSING
UNIT