مم

1. 1
‫أدرار‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬
–
‫أوﻟﻒ‬
: ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻢ‬
2015 – 2014
‫*****ا‬
‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬
*****
: ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ‬
3
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫رﯾﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
: ‫ﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬
4
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
)
03
( ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫إ‬
‫ﻗﺬف‬ ‫ن‬
‫أ‬
‫اﻵزوت‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺆدي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫أ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬
14
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
: ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻤﺬج‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوي‬
+
→
+
‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫أﻧﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ان‬
14
‫وﺗﺘﻔﻜﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺻﺪار‬
‫وﻧﻮاة‬
.
‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺪر‬.
14
‫ﺑـ‬
5570 ans
.
1
–
‫أ‬
–
‫ﻋﺮف‬
:
-
‫اﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮاة‬
.
-
.‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬
‫ب‬
–
‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺐ‬
14
‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎط‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫ﺣﺪد‬
. ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺟـ‬
-
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﻋﻂ‬
.
2
–
/ ‫أ‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮھﻦ‬
λ
.
/ ‫ب‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﺴﺐ‬
λ
.
3
–
‫ﺳﻔﯿﻨ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
1983
، ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫م‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮا‬
‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺄ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫رﯾﺦ‬
14
‫ﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎط‬ ‫ان‬ . ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﺒﯿﺔ‬
A
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎس‬
12
‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮام‬ ‫وذاﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻚ‬
( 1g )
. ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮام‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻧﮫ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺄي‬ ‫دورة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎھﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬
‫و‬
‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺠﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﺴﯿﺪ‬
A0
‫ﯾﺴﺎوي‬
13.6
. ‫اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻚ‬
. ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺸﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬ / ‫أ‬
. ‫ﺻﻨﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﮭﮫ‬ ‫وزﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻊ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺮة‬ ‫أﺣﺴﺐ‬ / ‫ب‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
:
)
04
‫ﻧﻘ‬
( ‫ﺎط‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻤﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
–
2
–
. ‫أ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎطﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
( 1 )
‫ﺛﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
t1
‫ﯾﻀﻌﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
( 2 )
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺘﺤﺼﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ )
–
2
–
( ‫ب‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ )
–
2
–
( ‫ب‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ )
–
2
–
( ‫أ‬

2. 2
I
-
‫در‬
:‫اﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺔ‬
1
-
.‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬ ‫طﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺨﻀﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺐ‬
2
-
. ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫أﻛﺘﺐ‬
3
-
: ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ (‫أ‬
t1
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬ ( ‫ب‬ .
E
‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ( ‫ﺟـ‬ .
τ1
.
‫اﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬ ‫اﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ( ‫د‬
T1
.
II
-
:‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬
1
-
‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫وﺣﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫دارة‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
.
2
-
‫ﻋﯿﻦ‬
‫إﺗ‬ ‫ﻣﺪة‬ ( ‫أ‬ : ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﻎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎم‬
T2
‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ( ‫ب‬ .
τ2
.
3
-
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
R1
‫ﺗﺴﺎوي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أﺻﻐﺮ‬
R2
. ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬ ‫؟‬
III
-
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
R1
‫ھﻲ‬
40 Ω
: ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ .
1
–
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬
C
.
2
–
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
R2
.
: ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
)
3
0
( ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺾ‬ ‫ﯾﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫روﺟﯿﻦ‬
( H+
+ Cl -
)( aq )
‫اﻷﻟﻤﻨﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
( Al(s) )
: ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬
6H+
(aq ) + 6 Cl-
(aq) + 2Al(s) = 3H2(g) + 2Al3+
+ 6Cl-
(aq)
‫اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
t = 0
‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ‬
m = 1,20 g
‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺟﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻤﻨﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺮادة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ي‬
VA = 60,0 mL
‫ﻛﻠﻮر‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰه‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﺟﯿﻦ‬
CA = 0,15 mol / L
‫ﯾﻌﻄﻰ‬ .
M( Al ) = 27 g/mol
.
1
–
‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﯿﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻮع‬
2
–
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫أﻧﺸﺊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻤﺪروس‬
‫و‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬
Xmax
‫؟‬
3
–
‫ﻧ‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻤﻨﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻮارد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻘﻮم‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬
–
4
-
:
/ ‫أ‬
‫ﻟﻈﮭﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﺴﺐ‬
Al 3+
‫اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
t = 200 s
‫و‬
t = 0 s
.
/ ‫ب‬
.
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
Vr
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬
t = 200s
.
‫ﺟـ‬
/
‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ھﺪا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆول‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﻮ‬ . ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﻛﻝ‬
–
4
-

3. 3
: ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
)
03
( ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮراﻧﯿﻮم‬ ‫اﻧﺸﻄﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻮاﺻﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
235
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻧﺸﻄﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼت‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬ .
‫ﻟﻠﯿﻮراﻧﯿﻮم‬
235
،
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺘﺮض‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺸﻄﺎرات‬
: ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻮاﺻﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪث‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
+ → + + 2
1
–
‫اﻟﻌﺪدﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺤﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬
x
‫و‬
y
.
2
-
‫ﺑـ‬ ‫أﺣﺴﺐ‬
MeV
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮل‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮرة‬ ‫ﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻮا‬ ‫اﻧﺸﻄﺎر‬
‫ة‬
‫اﻟﯿﻮراﻧﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬
235
.
3
–
‫أﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻮل‬
‫اﻧﺸﻄﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮرة‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
235 g
‫اﻟﯿﻮارﻧﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
235
.
4
–
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﮭﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮراﻧﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﺴﺐ‬
.‫اﺷﺘﻐﺎل‬
‫ﻗﺪرھﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﻮاﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻘﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻮاﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫اذا‬
10MW
.
‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﺮدود‬
r = 33 %
.
: ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻄﯿﺎت‬
m( ) = 235,0439 u , m( ) = 139,9252 u , m( ) = 93,9154 u
m( ) = 1,0087 u
،
NA = 6.10 23
mol-1
،
1u = 931,5 MeV/C2
: ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
)
03
( ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬

4. 4
: ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﯾﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
)
4
0
( ‫ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫اﻟﺘﻼﻣﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرس‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
2
–
‫ﺑﺮوﻣﻮ‬
-
2
–
‫ﺑﺮوﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺜﯿﻞ‬
( CH3)3CBr
: ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
RBr + H2O → ROH + H+
(aq) + Br-
(aq)
‫وا‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻟﺬي‬
2
–
‫ﺑﺮوﻣﻮ‬
-
2
–
‫ﺑﺮوﺑﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺜﯿﻞ‬
( CH3)3CB
‫ﺑـ‬
RBr
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮى‬
Ɵ = 25°C
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﺤﻀﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻼﻣﯿﺬ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺠﺎ‬
V( eau ) = 100 mL
‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫وﺣﺠﻤﺎ‬
V( RBr ) = 1 mL
، ‫اﻷﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻗﻠﯿﻼ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰج‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
t = 0
‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻗﯿ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫س‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻠﯿﺘﮫ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
K
= 0,01 m
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ،
10
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻗﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻼﻣﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺠﻞ‬ ‫دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻘﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬
: ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪوﻧﺔ‬
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
t ( mn )
640
640
640
630
610
590
560
500
400
240
0
G( mS )
1
–
‫أ‬
/
‫ﯾﻤﻜ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬
‫ھ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
‫؟‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫ﺬا‬
. ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻂ‬ / ‫ب‬
2
–
‫أﺣﺴﺐ‬ /‫أ‬
n0
‫ﻟـ‬ ‫اﻹﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ‬
RBr
.
: ‫ﻣﻌﻄﯿﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬
d ( RBr ) = 0,87
،
M( RBr ) = 136,9 g/mol
،
ρ( eau ) = 1 g /mL
/ ‫ب‬
‫أﻧﺠﺰ‬
. ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬
3
–
‫أ‬
-
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬
x
‫اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬
V
،
K
،
λ( H+
)
،
λ( Br-
)
‫ب‬
–
‫ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬
G( t )
،
K
،
λ( H+
)
،
λ( Br-
)
.
‫ج‬
–
‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺰﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬
Gf
‫ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬
n0
،
V
،
K
،
λ( H+
)
،
λ( Br-
)
.
‫د‬
-
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ان‬
x(t ) = n0 .
.
4
–
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ‬ ‫أرﺳﻢ‬ / ‫أ‬
G = f(t )
: ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
1cm → 10 mn
t :
‫و‬
1cm → 100 mS
G :
/ ‫ب‬
. ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪد‬
5
-
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻼﻣﯿﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﺖ‬
Ɵ = 45° C
‫ﻓ‬ .
: ‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺼﻠﻮﻋﻞ‬
: ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬ ‫زﻣﻦ‬
t1/2 = 7,0 mn
: ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻗﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫و‬
Gf = 680 mS
/ ‫أ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮﺑﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬
. ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺮ‬ / ‫ﺑـ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺤﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
.
‫ﺑ‬ *******************
********************** ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬