بب

1. 1
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
:
3
‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻮم‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻛﺎﻧﻲ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ‬
–
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
-
‫ﺳﺎﻋ‬ : ‫اﻟﻤﺪة‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮض‬
‫اﻻول‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﻴﺔ‬‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
6
201
/
7
201
‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫اﻷول‬
:
‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫وراﺛﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﺟﺰﯾﺌﺎت‬ ‫أھﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫ت‬
:‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺘﺮح‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﻤﯿﺰات‬ ‫اﻟﻮراﺛﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﺧﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫وﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫واﻷﻧﻮاع‬
1
-
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫أﺧﺬت‬
1
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫إﻓﺮازﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺰﯾﺌ‬ ‫إﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫ﺑﺮوﺗﯿﻨﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬
‫ﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫أ‬
-
‫ﺑﻮﺿ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻊ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺮﻗﻤﺔ‬
‫ب‬
-
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮا‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟﻮراﺛﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫و‬
‫؟‬
.
2
-
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻀﻦ‬
1
‫اﻟﯿﻮراﺳﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﮫ‬ ‫أھﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮي‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫وأﺣﻤﺎض‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺮي‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ . ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻣﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎع‬
2
.
‫أ‬
-
.‫اﻟﻤﺸﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﻠﻮﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻮراﺳﯿﻞ‬ ‫إﺳﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬
‫ب‬
-
.‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫وﻓﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻞ‬
‫ت‬
-
.‫اﻹﻓﺮازﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎع‬ ‫ﻟﻈﮭﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬
3
-
‫اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﮭﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺑﺈﻧﺠﺎز‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻤﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺘﯿﻦ‬
3
‫و‬
4
.‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫أ‬
-
‫ﻋ‬ ‫أﻋﻂ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫أﻛﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ، ‫وﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻨﻮان‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺮﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ب‬
-
‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
3
‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﻣﺎھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫؟‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
4
-
‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ا‬
‫ﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
5
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬
4
‫ﺷﻌﯿﺮة‬
‫دﻣﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
03
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
04

2. 2
‫ا‬
-
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻛﺘﺐ‬
‫ت‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
5
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺗﺤﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫وظﯿﻔ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ھ‬
‫ﺬه‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﺔ‬
‫ذاﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬
‫ب‬
-
‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎم‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫و‬
‫رھﺎ‬
‫ھ‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬. ‫ﻣﮭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺬه‬
‫؟‬
‫ﺷﺮﺣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
5
-
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬
6
‫اﻟﺒﻨﯿ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﯿﺔ‬
7
‫ﻟﻠـ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻄﯿﻄﻲ‬ ‫رﺳﻢ‬
ARNm
‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺆول‬
‫ا‬
-
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬
6
.‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬.
‫ب‬
-
‫وﺑﺎﻹﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
7
‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫ﺣﺪد‬
‫ض‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻠﯿﺰوزﯾﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ‬
6
.‫إﺟﺎﺑﺘﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻞ‬
‫ج‬
-
‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺾ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎض‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫رﻗﻢ‬
80
‫اﻟﺴﯿﺴﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬
Cys
‫اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﺟﺬره‬
R=CH2-SH
-
‫اﻣﺎھﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺰﯾﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻣﯿﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺎض‬ ‫ﻋﺪدة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺤﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻣﺎھﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺟﺬورھﺎ‬
‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎﯾﻠﻲ‬
RGLU=CH2-CH2-COOH RLyz=4CH2 –NH2
‫ج‬
-
‫اﻻﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻀﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﺣﺪد‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻨﯿﻦ‬
PH=13
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫و‬
‫ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﯿﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫د‬
-
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎھﻲ‬
‫ال‬
PH
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻨﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻀﯿﻦ‬ ‫ھﺬﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺬري‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫راﺑﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﻜﯿﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
06
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
07
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ‬
05

3. ‫ا‬
‫ﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔرض‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻر‬
-
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى‬
3
‫ت‬ ‫ع‬
-
1.5
1.5
0.75
2
1.5
0.75
1.5
0.75
: ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻣرﯾن‬
1
–
‫أ‬
-
: ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
1
–
‫اﻓرازﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣوﯾﺻﻼت‬
،
2
-
، ‫ﻏوﻟﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬
3
-
، ‫ﻣﯾﺗوﻛﻧدري‬
4
-
، ‫ﻧواة‬
5
-
، ‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺑﻛﺔاﻟﮭﯾوﻟﯾﺔ‬
6
-
( ‫)ﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﻔرزة‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬
‫ب‬
-
: ‫اﻟﺑﻧﯾوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدﻻﺋل‬
-
‫اﻟوراﺛﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺗدﻓق‬ ‫ﻣﻘر‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗوي‬ ‫ﺑدورھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻧواة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﺗواﺋﮭﺎ‬ :
ADN
‫اﻟوراﺛﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺔ‬ ‫دﻋﺎﻣك‬
-
‫اﻟﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗدﻓق‬
:
‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﯾب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗدﻓق‬ ‫دﻣوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻌرة‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺻل‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدي‬ ‫ﻗطﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻻن‬
‫اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺗدﻓق‬
‫اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺻدر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﯾﺗوﻛﻧدري‬ ‫ﻟﻛﺛرة‬:
2
-
‫أ‬
-
‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯾل‬
:
-
‫اﻟﯾوراﺳﯾل‬
‫ﻟل‬ ‫ﻣﻣﯾزة‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋدة‬:
ARN
‫دون‬
ADN
‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﻟﺗرﻛﯾب‬ ‫ﺑﻧﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺣدات‬: ‫اﻣﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻣﺎض‬-
‫واﻟﻣﺻﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺑﺑﻊ‬ : ‫ﻣﺷﻊ‬-
: ‫اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺳﯾر‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻠﯾل‬-‫ب‬
: ‫اﻟﯾوراﺳﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ‬
-
) ‫ﻣن‬
0
-
12
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺻل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌدوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎع‬ ‫ﯾرﺗﻔﻊ‬: ( ‫ﺳﺎ‬
5
‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ﯾﻔﺳر‬
‫اﻟﯾوراﺳﯾل‬ ‫ﺑدﻣﺞ‬
‫أﺛﻧﺎء‬
‫ﺗرﻛﯾب‬
ARN
‫اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎخ‬ ‫ﺑظﺎھرة‬
-
) ‫ﻣن‬
12
-
28
‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﺛﺑت‬:( ‫ﺳﺎ‬
5
‫وا‬
‫ﯾﻔﺳر‬
‫اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎخ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺗوﻗف‬ ‫اﻟﯾواﺳﯾل‬ ‫دﻣﺞ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬
‫اﻷﻣﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ‬
:
) ‫ﻣن‬
4
-
28
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﺑﺗداءا‬ ‫ﯾظﮭراﻻﺷﻌﺎع‬ ( ‫ﺳﺎ‬
4
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺻل‬ ‫ﻟﯾرﺗﻔﻊ‬
5
‫وا‬
‫ب‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺳر‬
-
‫اﻟﺗرﺟﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﯾب‬ ‫أﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫اﻻﻣﻧﯾﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﺑدﻣﺞ‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﺔ‬
-
) ‫زﻣﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣدة‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬
4
‫ﻟﯾﻧﺗﻘل‬ ‫اﻟﻧواة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أوﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎخ‬ ‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺣث‬ ‫اﻟﻧواة‬ ‫ﺣﻘﯾﻘﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫راﺟﻊ‬ ( ‫ﺳﺎ‬
ARNm
‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺗرﺟم‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯾوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻧواة‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﺑﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﺗم‬ ‫اﻟذي‬
‫ت‬
-
: ‫اﻟزﻣﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯾل‬
-
: ‫اﻟﻧواة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أوﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎع‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬
‫ال‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻧﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗواه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮭﺎ‬
ADN
‫اﻟﻰ‬
ARNm
‫ﺿﻣﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﯾواﺳﯾل‬ ‫ﯾدﻣﺞ‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
-
‫ﺛم‬
‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﻣﻘرﺗرﻛﯾب‬ ‫ﻷﻧﮭﺎ‬ : ‫اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯾوﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾظﮭر‬
‫ﯾﻧﺗﻘل‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬
ARNm
‫ال‬ ‫ﯾدﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺔ‬ ‫وﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻧواة‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﯾب‬ ‫أﺛﻧﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﻣﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﻣﺗﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻠوﺳﯾن‬
-
‫ﻣﺳﺗواه‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎع‬ ‫ظﮭور‬ ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫وﻧﺿﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌدﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﻘر‬ ‫ﻏوﻟﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺷﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﯾﻧﺗﻘل‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬
-
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وظﯾﻔﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻘر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫وھذا‬ ‫اﻻﻓرازﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣوﯾﺻﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﻟﯾﻧﺗﻘل‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣظ‬ ‫ﻟﮭذا‬ ‫اﻟﺧﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرج‬ ‫ﯾطرح‬
‫اﻟﺧﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﺧﺎرج‬ ‫اﻻﻓرازﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣوﯾﺻﻼت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺷﻌﺎع‬
3
-
‫أ‬
-
‫اﻟوﺛﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧوان‬
3
‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌدد‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎخ‬ ‫ﻟظﺎھرة‬ ‫ﺗﺧطﯾطﻲ‬ ‫رﺳم‬ :
‫اﻟﺑﺑﺎﻧﺎت‬
:
1
-
، ‫اﻟﻣورﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑداﯾﺔ‬
2
-
، ‫اﻟﻣورﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬
3
-
ARNm
،
4
-
ADN
-
‫اﻟوﺛﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻧوان‬
4
‫اﻟرﯾﺑوزوم‬ ‫ﻟﻣﻌدد‬ ‫ﺗﺧطﯾطﻲ‬ ‫رﺳم‬ :
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
:
1
-
، ‫اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ‫راﻣزة‬
2
-
، ‫ﺻﻐرى‬ ‫اﻟرﯾﺑوزوم‬ ‫وﺣدة‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬
3
-
، ‫ﻛﺑرى‬ ‫رﯾﺑوزوم‬ ‫وﺣدة‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬
5
-
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﺳﺗطﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬
، ‫اﻟﺑﺑﺗدﯾﺔ‬
6
-
‫اﻟرﯾﺑوزوم‬ ‫وﺣدﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺣت‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫واﻧﻔﺻﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﺑﺗدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﯾب‬ ‫اﻧﺗﮭﺎء‬
‫ب‬
-
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻌدد‬ ‫طرف‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﯾب‬ ‫أﺛﻧﺎء‬
‫ﯾﺳﺗﻌﻣل‬ ‫رﯾﺑوزوم‬
ARNm
‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫واﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﺑروﺗﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺗﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻘﺎﻟب‬
‫ال‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎح‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻧطﻼﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗرﻛﺑﮫ‬
ADN
‫اﻟوﺛﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻣوﺿﺣﮫ‬
3
-
‫اﻟﺧطﺄ‬
‫اﺗﺟﺎه‬:
‫اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎخ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾل‬
‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺟﺎه‬:
1
‫اﻟﻰ‬
2
‫ال‬ ‫ﺧﯾوط‬ ‫ﻟﺗطﺎول‬
ARNm
‫اﻻﺗﺟﺎه‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬

4. 0.75
0.5
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
2
2
4
-
‫أ‬
-
‫اﻟوﺛﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
5
:
1
-
، ‫اﻻﻣﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣض‬ ‫ﺗﺛﺑﯾت‬ ‫ﻣوﻗﻊ‬
2
-
‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎدة‬ ‫راﻣزة‬
-
‫اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ‬
‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺟزﯾﺋﺔ‬:
ARNt
: ‫ﺑﺣﯾث‬
-
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﯾدﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺗرﺟﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘر‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣض‬ ‫وﻧﻘل‬ ‫وﺣﻣل‬ ‫ﺛﺑﯾت‬
‫ﺗﺛﺑﯾت‬ ‫ﻣوﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺣﺗواﺋﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻠل‬ ‫ﻟﺑﺑﺗﯾدﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻣﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣض‬
-
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣوﻗﻌﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌرف‬
ARNm
‫اﻟﻣﺿﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟراﻣزة‬ ‫ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻠل‬
‫ب‬
-
‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻣﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﺗﻧﺷﯾط‬:
-
: ‫ﻣراﺣﻠﮭﺎ‬
-
‫ﯾﺗﺛﺑﯾت‬
ARNt
‫اﻟﻧوﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧزﯾم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣواﻗﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺣﻣض‬
-
‫ﺑﺎﻣﺎھﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻘوم‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘد‬ ‫ﻟﯾﻧﺷﻛل‬
ATP
‫اﻟﻰ‬
ADP
-
‫اﻟﻧوﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻧزﯾم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺗﺣرر‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺷط‬ ‫أﻣﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻣض‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺷﻛﯾل‬ ‫ﻟﯾﺳﻣﺢ‬
5
-
‫اﻟﻔراﻏﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻧﯾﺔ‬ :
‫اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾل‬
:
-
‫ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺗن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﺣﺗواﺋﮫ‬ ‫واﺣدة‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻛون‬
-
‫اﻟﺑﺑﺗﯾدﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠﺳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻧطوي‬
‫ﻣﺗﺧذا‬ ‫ﺳﻣﻛﺎ‬ ‫أﻛﺛر‬ ‫اﻟطول‬ ‫ﻗﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﻛروي‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﯾﺄﺧذ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﻌطﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗوى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻻﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺛﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫ﺑذﻟك‬
‫ب‬
-
‫اﻷﻣﯾﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﻣض‬ ‫ﺗﻣﺛﯾل‬
8
:
-NH-CH-CO-
CH-SH
‫ج‬
-
: ‫ﻟﻠﺣﻣﺿﯾن‬ ‫اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﯾﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻠوك‬
LYS
‫و‬
.GLU
PH=13
‫أﻛﺑرﻣن‬
Phi
‫ل‬
LYS
‫و‬
.GLU
‫اﻟﺣرة‬ ‫اﻟﻛرﺑوﻛﺳﯾﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﺗﺗﺄﯾن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻠوك‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻠك‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋدي‬ ‫وﺳط‬
‫اﻟﺳﺎﻟﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﯾﻛﺗﺳب‬
LYS
GLU
NH2-CH-COO-
4CH2-NH2
NH2-CH-COO-
2CH2-COO-
‫د‬
-
‫ﻗﻣﯾﺔ‬
PH
‫ھﻲ‬
:
PH<PHiLYS
<
PHiGLU
‫ﯾﻛﺗﺳب‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻲ‬ ‫وھذا‬
LYS
‫اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﯾﺗﺗﺄﯾن‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋدي‬ ‫ﺳﻠوك‬ ‫ﻓﯾﺳﻠك‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟوﺳط‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫اﻟﻣوﺟﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻛﺗﺳب‬
‫اﻟﺣرة‬ ‫اﻷﻣﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻛﺗﺳب‬
GLU
‫ﺳﻠوك‬ ‫ﻓﯾﺳﻠك‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋدي‬ ‫اﻟوﺳط‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫اﻟﺳﺎﻟﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺣﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻛﺗﺳب‬
‫ااﻟﻛرﺑوﻛﺳﯾﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﯾﺗﺗﺄﯾن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﺿﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺣرة‬
‫اﻟﺷﺎردﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟرﺑطﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺗﺷﻛل‬ ‫وﺑذﻟك‬
‫)ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺗﮭﺎ‬
(