Senate Case Study

Senate Case Study
Nevertheless, when H.R 5175 made it to the Senate under the title of S.3628 the journey to its passage would be far more complicated. This
complication is due to the Senate's institutional design that protects the minority party in the Senate. During the 111th Senate, Democrats also
controlled this chamber with 57 Democrats, 2 independents who caucused with Democrats and 41 Republicans. This majority allowed democrats to
take introduce their bill in the Senate, and move to proceed all within the same day. That said, while the Democrats may have the majority in the
Senate they do not have nearly as much power as a majority party in the House. Individual senators have for more power than a representative, when it
comes to producers within... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sponsor of the bill Senator Charles Schumer, along with fellow Democrats took this time to speak in favor of the bill, and their discontent with the
Court's ruling in Citizens United. Meanwhile Senator Roberts (R–KS) claimed that this bill was an infringement on the first amendment, and that the
ruling in Citizens united was just a way of protecting citizens first amendment right. Unlike in the House, there was no limit to this debate by a rules
committee and instead required what is known as cloture to end the debate. A cloture petition is the only way to end debate in the Senate, and it
requires at minimum two–thirds support or 60 signatures from Senators to be considered valid(Sinclair 79). This two–thirds requirement is considered
a super majority and has proven to be quite difficult to obtain. A cloture petition is the counter to the filibuster, a tool given to members of the minority
party to give them strength within the congressional body. Through a filibuster a member of the minority may extend debate to the point that a bill
never has the chance to be voted on, ultimately killing the it (Sinclair 80). The necessity of a supermajority in order to take away this power of the
minority once again attest the protection of the minority party within the Senate. After some debate a cloture motion was filed in hopes to end debate
on the bill. That said, while Democrats were a majority in the Senate they were not a supermajority, meaning
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Filibuster In The Senate Essay
Christian Sandoval PA 200 4/2/2016 Filibuster In the Senate The US Constitution created the simple format of Majority Rule and Minority right. The
minority has the right to express their beliefs, it is the majority that creates the legislation. However, the minority's has the power of filibustering and
the ability to block legislation. In the video by Moyers & Company the video talks about the subject of how the rules of filibuster in the senate have
changed throughout the years and the different senate majorities have made those different changes. Filibusters create partisanship and are frustrating,
especially to the majority party, but they are necessary and acceptable tool for the lawmakers to use against the majority. Filibusters can... Show more
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The majority party is not able to be as powerful with their choices and ideology as they want. This allows for all parties and hopefully all of the
population a rather equal representation in the government. It works as a check and balance to the House of Representatives who has overruled the
use of the filibuster. The reason being that a bill passed by the House must also go through the Senate. The filibuster is a tool not to just be thrown
around lightly by the minority party ,however, because at some point on down the line they will be the majority party and it could come back to hurt
them. A lot of the time an actual filibuster does not have to be used by the minority however. The threat of the filibuster is sometimes enough to get the
job done. Although there have being propositions to change the filibuster rules in order to make them a burden on the filibustering speaker in the long
run when the ruling party changes to minority it can be troublesome for them. Few years back Senator Reid from Nevada wanted to make changes to
the filibustering tactics this tactic as it applies to executive nominees but, because next time Republicans are in charge there are no guarantees that they
would restrict themselves in this

Senate Reform Essay
CIVICS PORTFOLIO ESSAY
DUE: JUNE 6TH 2011
Teacher: Mr. Griem
Should the Canadian Senate be left alone, reformed or abolished?
By: Shakir M. Lakhani SECTION 4
Final Civics Essay
June 6th, 2011
Shakir M. Lakhani
Topic: Senate Reform
Do you feel your government is fair? Does it manage the issues properly, with careful thought, and an open, objective mind? Is it effective? Do you
feel that the Senate is a "sober chamber of second thought?" Do you feel that the best interests of the Canadian public are always preserved in the
current model of our governance? If so, you're mistaken. Under our present governance, we have two houses, the House of Commons, and the Senate,
the reform to the latter being the main topic of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In terms of the reform option, as a country, we absolutely cannot afford to abolish the Senate, as it serves as, and is meant to be, a body of un–biased
"economic and social Г©lite", who are capable of making/approving decisions to benefit the citizens of Canada, rather than the House of Commons,
which makes decisions by majority, and in their own interest. The Senate is meant to play a neutral role, to be the final judge to make the un–biased,
informed decisions. Sometimes, the Senate has taken on other roles, which it performs and works with very effectively. In fairness to them, these often
do not receive much media coverage, increasing the public perception that Senators do very little. For example, the Senate Standing Committee on
Social Affairs, Science, and Tech released a report on the Health Care system, a month before the Romanow Report on Human Health Resources
Planning.
They have also researched issues such as poverty in Canada, and legalizing Marijuana.

No matter which angle one looks at this from, the effective existence of the Senate is necessary to stabilize the government, as it is near to impossible
to have an ideal House of Commons, as confirmed by an English political journalist Walter Bagehot.
He wrote about the British parliamentary System (which our system is based off), and was quoted saying, "If we had an ideal House of Commons...

The Importance Of Rules Of The Senate Chamber
The Senate has a lot of rules that makes the Senate Chamber the Senate Chamber. Being the upper house in the legislature, rules are needed to
preserve the chamber's dignity. A proud history has kept many of the rules intact in the Senate, while some traditions changed just this year. Many
rules are in place to keep the senate a professional place. These rules include no denim or hats, and if you are a male you must wear a coat and tie if
you are in the chamber while they're convening. Also, rules such as no smoking and no litter on the floor are in place to keep the chamber clean.
Some rules are for the respect of the Senator. Only Senators can sit in their assigned chair. Only Senators can go in the Senator's lounge. Only Senators
can walk

Senate Meetings Between The Republican And Democrat Party...
While watching the committee meetings between the Republican and Democrat party committee I noticed many things that were the same while also
observing many things that were different. Every four years, the Democratic Party puts together our party platform, the ideas and beliefs that govern
our party as a whole. Not only does each party take certain stances on specific issues , they also have a different guidelines and atmospheres
surrounding them that affects their decisions. Republicans are normally more conservative, their primary focus is directed more towards a limited
influence on government and a dominant foreign policy. They are also for religion, anti–beauracracy , and pro–military. As to where Democrats are
considered to be more liberal and adhere to more improving the quality of people lives to achieve equality. Although there were a handful of things
to pick from that were different with each party they were similar in how they incorporated their policy 's and laws. They both voted by raise of
hands and saying "yay" or "neigh" to the topic. The first committee video I decided to watch was the Republican committee, which was a short video
compared to democratic video. During the video they spoke about the first amendment, and asked delegate Wilson to present his ideas. they presented
the amendment on the screen and spoke about what should be changed. The amendment spoke about how he felt that children should be raised in an
intact biological family household.

Senate Representatives Case Study
Week1 Discussion I believe that the US senate representation have to have the same number of elected representatives for each region. Definitively,
in the United States wealthy citizens are better represented than poor people, even though rich and poor individuals share the same political
affiliation. Political inequality is when a policy benefits a group more than other. Usually, politic favoritisms or benefits are reflected in the richer
citizens. Equal representation grows the functioning of a democratic system. In general, low income citizens have disadvantages regarding political
practice; low income citizens do not vote as wealthy people, poor society does not participate in political activities as wealthy people. Poor
individuals do not understand the process of policy and have not access to political resources, so they cannot express their point of views. Low income
persons tend to live in marginal areas that are not supported by politicians. These population's characteristics make that legislators hear more the
wealthy group than the poor people; therefore, poor individuals are less well represented. Another disadvantage that does not support poor... Show more
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These minority groups share the same government system; however, public services are unequal. Senate representatives make an impact on policy
decision making. When it comes to funding allocation for state needs; states that are not well represented do not obtain the appropriated funding. The
nondiscretionary distributive programs is controlled by the congress, therefore the legislature sets the formula to distribute funds. As a result, these
minority groups receive less funding to support education, homeland security, transportation and others (Malhotra,

The Senate Should Be Abolished Of The Senate
The Senate plays a key role in tandem with the House of Commons, in the operation of Canada's government, some people think that the Senate
should be abolished; however without the Senate, "The right to bear arms" could become true for Canada. The Senate should be reformed; abolishing
or keeping the Senate at its current state would be unjust. The current Senate is not elected, effective, nor equal. If the Senate is kept at its current
state, it will continue to operate fine, however the Senate can be much more effective at what it does if it gets amended. Currently the Senate is not
elected, equal, nor efficient. People who comprise the Senate are selected by the governor general on the advice of the Prime Minister, so those
selected most likely will act in good intention towards the Prime Minister. The Senate, unlike the House was designed to represent Canada's regions,
however it over–represents some provinces at the expense of others. For example currently, Quebec and Ontario each have 24 seats, the same amount
of seats as the four Western provinces as a whole. Atlantic Canada, with a mere 7% of the population, holds a unproportional 29% of the seats.
Canadians deserve laws that are fair and free of errors, and the Senate contributes to that. The Senate's job is to foster national unity, however currently
they act in the interest of themselves and the Prime Minister rather than in the interest of the people.
Abolishing the Senate is country suicide. If there is a

Essay On Texas Senate
Khatiwada5 Sandesh Khatiwada Professor Sharifian Government 2306–71001 19 November 2017 Texas House of Representative is the part of Texas
legislature. There are 150 members in Texas house of representative who are elected from single member–district and are served for limited 2 years
term. According to the 2010 Census, each member of Texas house of representative represents about 167,637 people. Texas house of representative
consist of large numbers of different house committees. Economic & Small Business Development, Energy resources, Country affairs, Environment
regulation, home land security and public safety, Higher education, Public health, Transportation are some example of the Committees in Texas house
of representative. Anthia... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are Environment Regulation, County Affairs and Education. As I already mentioned I will give my best to keep the environmental fresh and
healthy by make a policy which will very effective and it would play an important role to regulate the environment. Because of the construction,
industry and business there are lots of impact in environment and polluted the environment. So, by making certain laws I could be able to reduce the
pollution. I like to mention the function of those selected house committees which I already mention as my field of interest where I wish to serve and
represents people. Firstly, Environmental Regulation where it's been currently represented by Pickett Joseph as a chairman and Thompson Ed as vice
chairman along with other 7 house members. 2 They mainly function on air, land and water pollution, the regulation of waste disposal. They function
on environment matter which is regulated by the state health service. 3 They make a policy on oversight of the Texas commission on environment
Quality as a part of environmental regulation. They also passed a different bill to keep the environment by controlling the waste and recycling process.
Secondly, House committee of County affairs, which is currently representing by Coleman Garnet as a chairmen and Springer Drew as a Vice
chairmen. They're total 9 members having jurisdiction. Their function is counties organization, creation, boundaries, government,

US Senate Case Study
Called to confront a massive technological debate in the United States in the modern day, the US Senate will discuss the possible impacts and effects of
automation in the workforce and vote on a resolution. The Senate committee will replicate parliamentary procedure and will be based off the current
United States Senate. As it stands, the Republican party dominates the Senate with the following demographic: Republicans: 52 Seats Democrats: 46
Seats Independents: 2 Seats Republican States: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wyoming. Democratic States:
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Not only so, some businesses like Adidas have gone further as to guarantee better quality knowing that the rate of error would decrease compared
with machines than to human workers. Some science fiction authors have predicted horrible futures due to AI and robots taking over jobs and later
humanity, but many writers like Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson (authors of The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a
Time of Brilliant Technologies) dismiss this idea as one unlikely extreme. McAfee and Brynjolfsson describe in their book the nature of machines and
manual labor as complements and how their slow delving into becoming economic substitutes as objectively good rather than negative. Businesses
naturally do risk cutting automated jobs, but such a move would open an entire new field of jobs for humans to fix and build machines. In turn,
businesses like RobotWorx argue that they can make more profit, increase wages for the quality of work from their skilled workers, and remain at the
competitive level expected in the modern economic market (more extensive list can be found in their website here). Naturally, such statements beg the
question that our economy would not crash because it would naturally adapt and shift due to the moves as it has when such inventions like the
assembly line and textile mills came to invention. However, multiple other authors and some economists have argued against this move,

Compare And Contrast Senate And House
The Senate and the house both have very important committees that take care of many things for the United States. Each committee is responsible for
taking care of specific work that belongs to them. An important and prestigious committee in the Senate that I decided to take a look into is the Judicial
committee. On the other side of things for the House of Representatives I decided to look into the committee of Foreign Affairs. Both of these
committees are not only important to their respective house origin, but also to the American people. The Judiciary chairman, Chuck Grassley, is the
one of the most powerful and respected man throughout the entire senate. He is a republican from the state of Iowa. When he turned into a politician
he began... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These departments include the FBI, homeland security, nomination for representatives, pending legislation, etc. Within these departments the judicial
committee takes charge of the drug control policy, theUnited States Parole commission, the supreme court nominations, district court nominations. This
committee has one of the broadest jurisdiction of all the committees because of all the issues that they are in charge of. For example, they have
continuously discussed how to combat crime. Senator Feinstein cosponsored a bill that has put over 114,000 additional cops in the streets of this
nation in order to help fight the crime in this nation. Another big issue that this committee faces with is immigration reforms. For decades this nation
has had different perspectives on undocumented people that are within this country. Some people want to help them become documented workers by
offering citizenship, visas, or other methods while other people do not. This is an ongoing matter that will continue to be talked about for many years
to come not only in the Judiciary committee, but also by the people of this country. The jurisdiction of Foreign Affairs in the House will have an
oversight on many different issues that include: foreign assistance, the peace corps, international law, promotion in democracy, and as well as many
other matters. A huge issue that they are currently facing is how to defeat ISIS. This members within the committee have been wanting to do whatever
possible to stop the current execution of Christians and help the people who are combatting ISIS in the middle east, but the current problem is that the
commander in chief, Barack Obama, does not have a strategy to take down the terrorist group. The Foreign Affairs committee is infuriated by how
Obama is taking care of the issue. On March 14, they had a vote that

The Senate In The Film Mr. Smith Goes To Washington
Frank Capra portrays many examples of the senate in Mr. smith Goes to Washington. Through the film he uses characters with and without knowledge
about the senate to explain the complexities of the senate. There are good examples made to teach the audience what people do in the senate and how
bills are proposed and finalized. In addition, the film shows that the person you thought was your friend in politics, goes behind your back. Senators
may work together but in the end, it is each man for himself. Frank Capra uses Senator Smith's character to let the audience understand how complex
the US congress. Through the film, Capra shows Senator Smith's journey going through senate and coming up with ideas to further try and make them a
bill. Smith's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the most important scene because all the member of the senate come together and discuss Smith's bill proposal for the last time. Capra
showcases Smith's final stand as a filibuster to show how far he has come with his bill. Smith apoligizes for waisting everyones time and realizes he
should have never let in the senate. However, he continues to speak about the Constitution of the United States. Saunders helps Smith once again by
passing information about the bill to as many people as possible. The hard work Smith put towards the boy's camp set an example for the boys. Each
boy worked hard to make sure to spread the news and help Smith stay in senate and have his bill

Senate Vs House Of Representatives
The largest compromise in the U.S. Constitution is known as the Great Compromise. This was a compromise between two completely different plans
on how the U.S. Legislature should be laid out. The framers of the constitution decided on a two chambered Legislature. Each chamber has many
different requirements, structures, responsibilities, and powers. Because of these differences, the Senate is known as the upper house, and the House
of Representatives is known as the lower house.
The Legislature of the United States government is bicameral; this means that it is "a governmental body with two houses or chambers"
(Dictionary.com). These two chambers are known as the Senate and the House of Representatives. The formation of these two chambers was... Show
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These differences are why the Senate is known as the upper house, and the House of Representatives is called the lower house. According to the
Constitution, to be a member of the Senate a candidate must be at least thirty years of age, be a citizen of the United States for nine years, and must
live in the state at the time elected. To be a member of the House of Representatives, a candidate must be at least twenty–five years of age, must be a
citizen of the United States for seven years, and must live in the state at the time elected. These different requirements support that the Senate is the
upper house because the requirements needed to be in the Senate are stricter than those of the House. The structures also differ greatly. There are
435 members of the House and only 100 members of the Senate. Because of this, each individual member's vote in the Senate is worth more than
each member of the House. Also a Senator's term lasts longer than a Representative's term; a Senator's term is six years and a Representative's is
two. Because of this, Senators have more time to make and change legislation. Also if a House member makes changes that voters don't like, they can
be replaced in under two years. In the Senate, however, if negative changes are made, there isn't anything voters can do for years and they can
continue to make changes that are disagreeable to voters. The two chambers also have different responsibilities and powers that show that the Senate
is the upper house. The House has the power to impeach government officials. They act as a "prosecutor". The Senate holds the trials of impeachment
and acts as "judge and jury" (United States Senate). The Senate acts as the upper house because the House only brings issues involving impeachment to
the attention of the Senate. It is the Senate who actually can impeach officials. The Senate also has

History Of The Michigan State Senate
Michigan State Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. It Consists of 38 members who are elected from districts that had an average of
260,096 residents. The Senate meets at its capitol in Lansing. Senators are elected at the same time as the governor, the senators serve four–year terms
with the governor's term of office. Moreover, terms for senators begin on January 1, then November is the general election. Furthermore, senators who
haven't served half of someone else's term are eligible for two full terms, which is eight years. Qualifications of the State Senate are; each senator and
representative must

The Legislative Branch Of The Senate
The other segment of the Legislative Branch is called The Senate. The Senate is a group of 100 senators (two from each U.S. State) who also work to
propose bills, dismiss them, and carry on lawmaking. The Senate is ultimately led by the current Vice President of the United States of America. At this
current time that position is held by Joe Biden. Beneath Vice President Biden is the President Pro Tempore. The current President Pro Tempore is
Senator Orrin Hatch. Similarly to the House of Representatives, The Senate also has both a majority and a minority section, each which has a leader
and a whip. The majority in the senate is also currently held by the Republicans. The majority is led by Senator Mitch McConnell who is accompanied
by the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While presidential power is crucial in times when quick action is needed to ensure the wellbeing of America, in most cases I would like to take the
power away from the president and bring it closer to the people. We, as citizens, have very little if any contact with members of the Executive Branch
and therefore they are further removed from what the American citizens want and need. This leads me to believe that the congressmen/women and
senators have a much better grasp on the wants of the American people just based on their lower number on constituents. On urgency issues, such as
declaring war after 9/11/2001, I feel that these are the times we have to put our trust in our president. There is no time to run the issue through congress
when action needs to be taken

Senate Filibustering System
Members of Congress are charged with three primary duties–writing laws, overseeing the implementation of laws, and serving the needs of their
constituents. Senate Filibuster, House Rules Committee and the Conference Committee all have had a profound effect in the lawmaking process.
Additionally, general accounting office and hearings are both methods that Congress employs in order to maintain oversight over the federal
bureaucracy. Lastly, Casework drastically affects members' attention to legislation because it diverts their time, and resources away from focusing on
legislation. The Senate Filibuster was initially created as a way to ensure that minority opinions were heard and understood before the Senate voted on
an issue. Senate first allowed... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Filibusters on motions to proceed prevent the Senate from even being able to consider ideas for how to solve our country's big problems. For years
now, small numbers of senators representing as little as 11% of the country have kept the Senate from even discussing important legislation that has
passed Committee review. Virtual Filibusters allow small numbers of senators to effortlessly place personal political agendas above the work of
government with no consequence. As a result, even routine Senate functions like approving executive appointees get stuck in partisan politics,
resulting in 85 vacancies on federal judiciary benches. Major pieces of legislation, including a bill that would have provided medical care for 9/11
responders, have enjoyed majority support in the Senate yet died in the face of filibusters for lack of cloture. Legislation that should pass into law has
been canceled and courts have been thrown into disarray, but the senators who have helped make that happen have never needed to actually make a
case to

Essay On Running For Texas Senate
Sujita K C Government 2306–71001 Professor Sherry Sherifian 28 September 2017 Running for Texas Senate The government of Texas is composed
of entire democratic state government.
1 They have different platform of political parties as Democratic party and Republic party. 2 Texas Senate is the upper house ofTexas state legislature
whereas Texas house is the lower house of Texas state legislature. Texas State consists of 31 members and 150 members in Texas house of
representatives. I am currently living in Irving, in which the district is 16 as senate districts where Don Huffines is the current senator of the district
which is a part of Dallas county. 3 He is from Republican party. 1 So, I would prefer to run as Texas state senate. 4 In... Show more content on
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Not only this, according to the recent presidential election held in 2016, in the United States, when we look the report of Texas, it illustrates that the
republic won with 52.6% while the democrats got around 43.4%. While examining this data, it clearly shows that the Texans favor republic party than
democratic. But in case of only Dallas county, Democrats won the election with 61.1%.
In the assignment, we were supposed to take the surveys to identify our political leanings which I successfully did. So, as a result of my survey, it
shows that I fall under Moderate Democrat category which clearly mentioned that I belong to democrats rather than republic. There are many
political issues that arises while it comes to develop the nation and state. Marriage is one of the issues. According to democrats, marriage should be
performed only between men and women as they are different gender. They meant that homosexual marriage is extremely prohibited in the state. This
is prevalent not only in democratic party but in almost all part of the world. But I believe that marriage can be done with any gender and we should
respect every relation. The other issue can be abortion. The democrats party tells that it is a personal decision to do abortion. They said that the
government cannot do anything regarding it. But what I believe is, most of the women are forced to abort the unborn child due to many reasons like
their

Roman Senate
It was believed that the senate was founded by Romulus, the first king of the Roman Kingdom. It consisted 100 patricians in its early period. Unlike
its power in the republic, the senate did not have more power than advising the King legislatively. But the senate still held tremendous prestiges since it
consisted of the wealthiest and the most powerful members of the society. SPQR, the abbreviation of "Senate and the people of Rome" that shows the
reputation of the senate, means the Roman society was consisted of senators and non–senators citizens. he most clear role that the senate played was
the advisory agency of the King, who held the absolute power of the Roman Kingdom. The King also discussed issues with senate and people of Rome
together.

The Importance Of A Representative Senate
"Senators come from Canada's regions, but did not represent them" – J. Patrick Boyer, 2014, 222 This paper will argue that Canada should reform the
Senate because it is not representative. Representation is defined as "the action or speaking or acting on behalf of someone or the state of being so
represented" (Oxford, 2015). In relation to Senate representation, it is known as the disjointed relationship of Senators with their respected regions and
citizens as well as their fiduciary relationship with the Head of State, also known in Canadian parliament as the Prime Minister. The true intentions of
the Senate will be uncovered and divulged to further explain and signify the importance of a representative Senate by reform in current day Canada. ...
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Alongside the drastic changes through technological advancements in Canada correlating with the inflated numbers in population since confederation,
it is concerning that the Senate is still organized and acting in the same manner it has been since its creation. There have been minor amendments to
regional representation due to new provinces being added to Canada, but those amendments do not accommodate the vast growing populations within
regions. The way in which Senators are appointed due to affiliation with the Prime Minister rather than representing the unique needs of regions
continues to be prevalent. The Senate still serves as the most undemocratic portion of Canadian Parliament due to the appointment rather than the
election of its representatives, which can and does create a division between regional and national interests versus elitist capitalistic views for
individual and political gain (Boyer, 2014,

Roman Senate Structure
Structure of the Senate In this simulation, each delegate will represent a leading figure in the Roman Senate. The rules of the senate will still apply for
the most part. A more complete list of the rules and procedures of the senate may be found later on in this package. Due to lack of records, many
senators are represented with fictitious names. However, what is more important is the profile of the individual. Within the senate existed two
significant factions: the populists and the conservatives. The populists believed in the people's rights and attempted to serve the public first and
foremost, often creating/supporting policies that might gain them greater Roman support b ut aren't necessarily in the best interest of the state.
Conservative... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He believes that if he proves himself in this time of crisis, he will gain the backing of the populist faction in the senate. This will give him an easier
ride towards higher office. Hermogenes Socellius Hermogenes is a great Roman general, known for extremely successful campaigns prior to the
current war. He sees the situation as an opportunity to conquer Carthage once and for all and believes that the Roman army is well trained to take on
another war. He is well liked by the populists, and Romans in general. Lucius Icundus Lucius is a strong believer in Roman hegemony in the
Mediterranean. He believes Roman military activity north of its current territories in combat against the Carthaginians will allow Rome to physically
expand its empire. Lucius is often granted contracts to lay roading, and stands to gain immensely from a larger empire with a need for a
communication network. Gaius Silvanus Gaius is the son–in–law of Grumio Nicipheros, and largely supports his policies. However, he is trying to
move away from his father–in–law's shadow and differentiate himself in the eyes of conservatives. However, he stands to risk losing favour with his
father–in–law (and thus a large inheritance) if he drifts too far in policy and support. Aurelius

Why Was A Reformed Senate?
Senate reform has been a much–debated topic in Canada. Since the early 1970s, there have been at least 28 major proposals for constitutional senate
reform. All of them have failed. But once again, thanks to the senate expenses scandal, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and his government have
proposed yet another reform. Would a reformed senate solve the current issues of the senate or would it make it worse? This paper would discuss
why a reformed senate would bring about more problems than it will solve. The construct of my paper is basic. Firstly, I would be looking at the
Canadian senate, its roles and functions, and present and past problems. Next, I would look at some senatorial reform proposals and what these
various reforms all look to change. I shall conclude this paper by providing my view on why a reformed senate would bring up more issues than it
would solve. The senate is viewed as a reflective body. It is often called the 'chamber of sober second thought'. The Canadian senate is still one of the
only ones in modern democracy not to have undergone senatorial reform. This makes for the Canadian senate to "represent and embody some of the
most anti democratic features of representative assemblies" (Docherty pp.27). The senate is the upper house of the parliament. It has 105 seats,
distributed as fairly as possible amongst the various provinces. Senators are appointed and this is the major reason for people wanting senatorial
reform, however the Canadian senate have

The Senate Of The United States
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator
shall have one Vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The
Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year,
and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or
otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until ... Show more content on
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When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds
of the Members present.
Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor,
Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment,
according to Law.
Section. 4.
The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but
the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint
a different Day.
Section. 5.
Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to
do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner,

and under such Penalties as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel
a Member.
Each House shall keep a Journal

Texas Senate Research Paper
The Texas state legislature is responsible for addressing constituents' interests and concerns. It is composed of two chambers or houses: The House of
Representatives (150 members) and The Senate (31 members). House members serve for two years, each representing a district and 168,000 people. In
the other hand, Senators serve four–year terms and represent approximately 811,000 constituents. The Texas Constitution of 1876 mandated that
requirements should be minimal, open to most citizens with little or no training in politics. In order to become a member of the Texas senate, a
senator must be qualified to vote, a resident of Texas for five years and of the district for one year. House members must be U.S. citizens, qualified
voters,

Idea Of Unanimous Consent In The Senate
Describe the idea of unanimous consent in the Senate. The idea of a unanimous consent in the Senate is to basically pass amendments in a faster
manner. Like what is stated in Davidsons book on how everything that happens inside the Senate is extremely sluggish. How does it work? The way
that unanimous consent works, is when a member of the Senate wants a bill to go to the floor within a specific date or just simply wants a specific
bill to be passed quicker he/she requests an unanimous consent agreement to limit the time on the voting (Davidson). What does it allow the Senate to
do? It allows the Senate to move faster in terms of considering and passing bills to go onto the floor, by requesting a unanimous consent on the

Abolish The Canadian Senate
The Canadian Senate has been a long standing problematic section of the Canadian government and since its creation in 1867 and has been scrutinized
for its effectiveness and purpose. In recent years, concerns have been raised and approaches have been suggested into reforming the Senate. Those in
favour of taking drastic measures to reform or even abolish the Senate agree that the Senate is not functioning and not a trustworthy part of Canadian
government. However, there are those who view that the Senate can still be saved say it has a purpose in the Canadian government since it serves a
vital function in passing Canadian legislature. Nonetheless, maintaining a government body that is non functional needs to be addressed and revised
and gone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the maintenance of the Senate there are four proposed approaches; minor renovation, deferred abolition, housekeeping, and maintenance of the
Senate. Firstly, minor renovations would cause only small changes that would not make the Senate go through the amending formula. These small
changes would enforce term limits and allow for voters to select nominees for the upper chamber (Brodie 2013). Although not direct elections this
will make the Senate more democratic since Canadians will be allowed to have some say in plausible Senators rather than them being solely
appointed by the Prime Minister. Deferred abolition (or demolition) would postpone any changes until the federal election in 2025. This approach
would "put a gun to the head of the status quo: you have ten years to achieve reform...or it's lights out in the Red Chamber" (Morton 2013). By
having pressure put on the Senate the hope is to start change since there is a time limit on what can be done. There has always been talk about what
needs to be changed but by putting a time limit on change will encourage the Senate to start to take the steps it needs to be effective. Another approach
is the approach of housekeeping, which consists of change being started from within the Senate itself. Housekeeping calls for more transparency and
for the Senate to be held accountable (Black 2013). For the

Texas Senate Election Essay
Shrestha2
Kiran Shrestha Professor Sharifian GOVT 2306–73433 30th April 30, 2018 Assignment Three After I win the Texas Senate election my every work
will be for the benefit of every Texan and U.S. citizen. When I win the election, I will focus on the three main committees, Insurance, Agriculture and
Livestock, and Economic and Small Business Development Committee. The insurance committee consists of nine members. It performs tasks relating
to insurance with the insurance industry. It works on the formation of policy and law as per need in Texas State. It also incorporates different state
agencies like; 1 the Texas Department of Insurance, the Texas Health Benefits Purchasing Cooperatives and the office of Public Insurance Counsel.
Most of the citizens complain about the high rate of insurance. Thus, I want to lower the rate of insurance to the citizens so that everyone can afford
it. According to the survey done in US in 2015 by Texas Medical Association the percentage of uninsured population was 12.5% among which Texas
has 21.6% ranking 1st( https://www.texmed.org/Template.aspx?id=42282). Hence, I want to remove Texas from this list and try to rank 1st in highest
insured state in US. I will try to provide health insurance to the citizens in a way that one health insurance will cover every single medical bill so that
they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The primary function of this committee is on sector of agriculture, horticulture and farm industry. 3 It also works on the development and preservation
of forest, regulation, control and promotion of lumber industry. It also actively functions in "providing rural economic development and the provision
of and access to infrastructure, education, and health services" (http://www.house.state.tx.us/committees/committee/?committee=C020). This
committee also works with different agencies such as the Texas Animal Health Commission, the State Soil and Water Conservation Board

Case Analysis Of Senate Bill 88
Senate bill 88 states the Narcotic Treatment Programs Enforcement Act. The act has been effective since May 4, 2017. The purpose of this bill is to
mandate the department of community health to implement quality and services for narcotic treatment programs. The bill set standards for narcotic
treatment programs and prioritizes treatment of drug dependence pregnant women. The votes for this bill were fifty yes, two no, and three others. Each
program that is trying to be implemented should consist of the following: The programs must consist of two enrollment processes, which are annual
and bi–annual. The programs must have a committee that will review the applications of the future clients. The governing body of the program must
have a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
House Bill 345 focuses on the GA Pay Equity Act. This act is to amend Title 34 of the official code of GA annotated that relates to labor and
industrial relations, as to repeal chapter five relating to sex discrimination in employment. The act states that is it to enact certain provisions that
prohibit discrimination in payment of wages on the basis of the sex of an employee. This mean that the job should not judge you based off of your
sex and your sex should not be the determining factor as to how much your pay will be. This act will also forbid a job from doing the following:
require the employee to discuss the wage and benefits they are receiving or have received previously. The sponsors of House Bill 345 are as
following: Debra Bazemore, Park Cannon, Karla Dreener, Dewey McClain, and Renita Shannon. Debra Bazemore is an African American woman
whom served as State Representative in district 63. Ms. Bazemore is a part of the Democratic Party. Ms. Bazemore birthday is December 30. She
was sworn into State Representative on January 9, 2017. She has served on the State Senator team as a Chief of Staff, South Fulton Ambassador, the
Vice Chair and Chair of South Fulton United, and 2035 Comprehensive Plan Steering Committee with Fulton County future. The primary election for
her position took pace on May 24, 2016 and the general election took place on November 8, 2016. The

The Canadian Senate And Monarchy: Journal Analysis
Rutu Patel
Mrs. Winslow
Civics
5 November 2017
Senate and Monarchy: Journal Response #4 The Canadian Senate and the monarchy is a very important part of Canada. But, there are many questions
about how Senators are not meeting the desires of Canadians and not doing their jobs correctly. Also, a lot of people are saying that they want to cut
the ties with the monarchy in Canada. The question for me is, does Canada really need a Senate and a monarchy? In my own opinion, I don't thin we
should get rid of the Senate, but we should reform it so it's fair for everyone; also the monarchy should be kept as well because it is a vital part of
Canada that keeps it all together. Like I said before, the Canadian Senate is a very important part of Canada. Even though there have been many
scandals in the past, it still serves a purpose in the government. They examine legislation and provide any ideas to fix mistakes; they examine bills
that have been made by The House of Commons and provide feedback; they also do many other things to help Canada. But, one of the major problems
with the Senate is that they are appointed by the prime minister. This is a problem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A lot of people say that the Queen does nothing to help Canada, so why shouldn't we get rid of the monarchy? Well, I believe the opposite because by
removing the monarchy it'll just cause even more problems than solutions. One of the big problems is that to remove the Monarchy you would have to
create a Constitutional Amendment, which would mean that whole parliament and all provinces would have to agree with this decision; most likely
this will tear Canada apart. This brings me to the second problem, which is that the provinces would just start to ask for more demands, specifically
Quebec and/or Alberta. So if you really think about it, the Monarchy isn't really causing any issues that need to be fixed and that it would cause even
more problems if we got rid of

F. A. Kunz's Three Reasons For The Existence Of The Senate
Professor F.A. Kunz described his three personal reasons for the Senates existence: The committees' job is to give "a skilled and leisurely consideration
to the technical provisions of a bill to scrutinize public accounts and departmental estimates; and to inquire." However, Kunz's first requirement of the
senate is no longer relevant, as legislative drafting skills have dramatically improved since he wrote this in 1965. Additionally, Kudz's second point is
that the senate must scrutinize public accounts and departmental estimates, however the senate, and the entire parliament as a whole is not doing an
adequate job in regards to this. The parliament has been becoming increasingly unaware of government spending, and has now become a "ceremonial ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Craig Scott, an MP for the NDP put the motion in front of the house, claiming the senate was "useless" and "senators appear in the upper chamber
and average of 56 days a year". Craig Scott also discusses how there are good senators, however, these senators agree that the senate is a flawed
body that blocks bills from coming into the house of commons. The purposed bill was defeated when both the Liberals and Conservatives voted
against it. This lead to harsh criticism from the NDP party towards the conservatives, and Stephen Harper. The NDP points to the fact that Stephen
Harper promised to never point unelected senators, yet he has broken that promise and appointed 58 unelected senators.Harper appointing 58 senators
has essentially made the Senate a conservative body payed by the taxpayer. This is a major flaw in the senate, and a large reason the Senate is so
dysfunctional and must be

Canadian Senate Reform
The legislative branch of the Canadian government is divided between an upper house, the Senate, and a lower house, the House of Commons. This
system is known as a bicameral legislature, and is a feature of many governments. In Canada, much of the legislative and executive power lies in the
House of Commons, and by extension the Prime Minister. The Senate, however, exists in its current form primarily for the purpose of legislative
review. Despite the Senate's seemingly negligible role, or perhaps because of it, it is the "most criticized institution of government in Canada" (Franks,
1988). While it has remained largely unchanged, movements aimed at either Senate reform or abolition, have been essential to Canadian politics for
much of recent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Notwithstanding the many shortcomings of the Senate, it is an important institution that serves an essential purpose. Although it is rarely commended
publicly for its accomplishments, other public servants and academics praise the Senate "for the breadth and quality of its investigative and scrutiny
functions in committee" (Smith, 2003). In order to understand the Senate, one must distinguish the roles of the upper and lower houses. While the
House of Commons serves the elective function of making or unmaking government "the Senate is not a confidence chamber" and thus serves a
distinct, yet equally relevant role (Smith, 2003). The Senate, and bicameralism more broadly, was instituted as a constraint on government. Its
justification "rests on obstruction: rather than empower, it restrains government" (Smith, 2003). This impediment to the unchecked power of the House
of Commons justifies the preservation of the Senate as an institution. While some consider the Senate unnecessary or redundant, it is an essential
element of Canadian government. However, despite its significance, it is not particularly well liked and some consider it to be the "most criticized
institution of government in Canada" (Frank, 1988). For over sixty years, the issue of Senate reform or abolition has been inherent to Canadian
political discourse (Frank, 1988). Given the importance of the Senate in Canadian

Functions Of The Texas Senate
Darshita Patel Professor Sharifian Govt 2306–71426 19 November 2017 When I win Committees in both Texas House and Texas Senate plays an
important role in carrying out the legislation. The function of each committee in the House and Senate may differ, but the goal is to consider the bill
and aid in passing a law. The number of committees in the Texas House of Representatives is more than the Texas Senate, mainly due to the size of the
House and its large scale of operation. The most important committee in both House and Senate is the standing committee. Temporary committees are
also established to study specific issues. Few of the standing committees of Texas House of Representatives are Agriculture and Livestock, Economic
and Small... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, the committee examines "the funding patterns used to fund the juvenile justice system and adult probation departments" and "review revenue
sources currently funding the state's trauma system" (Senate Committee on Finance). Maximizing the use of federal and state funds is one of the
important function of the Finance committee. The district can benefit by my placement on this committee because I can help citizens with their
financial needs. The citizens finance the state by contributing money in the form of fees and taxes. It is the responsibility of the members of the
Finance committee to use money in the best possible way and fulfill the needs of the citizens in the district. The committee of Education in Texas
Senate focuses on the ways to enhance the current education system. One of the important function of the committee is to review the performance of
public schools in the state and improve the results of academic reports. They also check whether the legislation passed by the committee has been
implemented correctly or not. The advancement in the digital field also calls for development in the Digital Learning and making it available in all
schools. The committee "determine the impact on school finance of possible state actions such as, but not limited to, changes to student enrollment
calculations or property valuation" (Senate Committee on Education). My placement on this committee is justified because most of the population in
the district is that of

Difference Between The House And The Senate
There are many differences between the House of Representatives and the Senate. For one the House of Representatives is bigger than the Senate.
There is not a lot of media coverage in the House as it is in the Senate, members in the Senate are elected every six years as for the House are
elected every two years. The House has a reputation of being much more contentious and impulsive when it comes to legislation (enotes.com). When
it comes to electing a House Rep its by district, so winning that seat is a lot easier than the Senate, for simple fact you are going for a congressional
district vote, and not a state wide vote. Another important difference is that money related or monetary bills must be made in the House. It is like this
because

The Role Of The Senate In The Roman Empire
This extensive system of administration underwent a change when the Republic transitioned into an Empire. Then an emperor was at the top and
below him came the patrician class, which held the administrative power. An example that shows the role of the Senate is: "Senators during the
Republic held the greatest power in the Roman state. They had many responsibilities, such as governing of all of Rome's finances, making critical
decisions about deploying the military, guiding all the diplomatic missions and engaging in commerce or investing in the trade." (Roman Republic and
Empire VOL.3 / Pg. 198) As it can be seen from the quote, the Senate was an institution that ran the whole Republic. Its social status was immense.
They provided an effective ruling of the state and although, they didn't create the laws (consuls did), the senators ensured consistency, which was a
needed element in a democracy. This ensured that the consuls and senators had their own position, and only one can rule over the other. Later, with the
gradual establishment of the Empire, the role of the Senate weakened. Still, during that time the emperor sometimes looked up to the Senate for
making appropriate decisions, concerning the empire. Another example shows the complex system of Cursus Honorum. "Praetors: the praetorship was
one of the most powerful offices in the Roman Republic, second only to the consulship. Urban praetors became increasingly responsible for law courts.
During the empire they governed

The Senate On January19-27
On the floor of the Senate on January19–27, 1830, Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts argued that the states should be considered as one nation
(Webster, 178). In response, Senator Robert Hayne of South Carolina argued that the states should be able to interpose and or nullify the federal
government and its laws when they thought necessary to protect their citizens' rights. (Hayne, 166). Overall, Senator Webster's argument was better
because he pointed out that although join the federal government may seem risky, it overall goal is to ensure a stronger nation for the people.
Senator Webster argued that the states should be considered as one nation and in doing this, the federal government make the laws for the citizens.
(Webster, 178). Webster argued correctly when he argued that along with the Ordinance of 1787, slavery was forbidden and was morally and
politically wrong. (Webster 175, 176). Webster argued that his goal was to never want the federal government to have total power over the states
(Webster, 176). Webster stated that the federal government is made by the people elected in office and its sole goal was to protect and implement laws
that is for the people. Webster's argument was became weak when he started to analyze Senator Hayne use of the Hartford Convention. He stated that
the "Hartford Convention assembled for any such purpose as breaking up the Union, because they thought unconstitutional laws had been passed"
(Webster 177). Instead of voicing

Senate Pros And Cons Essay
WASHINGTON– The U.S. Senate voted Wednesday to more forward with debate on the chamber's tax bill, with Sen. Shelley Moore Capito,
R–W.Va., among those already voicing their support of the legislation. "This bill will empower and power our economic growth and provide great
opportunities for American workers," Capito said on the Senate floor prior to the vote. "It will also lead to increased wages. It will also help our
small businesses expand." Capito was among the 52 Republicans who voted in favor of the procedural move, with Sen. Joe Manchin, D–W.Va., joining
47 other Democrats and Independents in voting against opening debate. Manchin said in a statement he has yet to see a final version of the Senate's
version of the Tax Cuts and Jobs... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In subsequent Congresses, there are going to be opportunities to make this permanent," she said. Outside of Capito's Charleston office Wednesday
afternoon, around 25 people of an array of organizations gathered to protest her support of the tax bill. Sean O'Leary, the senior policy analyst
with the West Virginia Center on Budget and Policy, said with what the public knows about the Senate plan, it appears to be a measure that benefits
wealthy Americans the most. "Most West Virginians at the end of the day will, on average, see a small tax increase, and if you're very wealthy,
you'll see a sizeable tax cut," he said. Capito said on "Talkline" she talked to multiple constituents over the Thanksgiving holiday about tax overhaul
legislation, with a majority in favor of passing legislation. "I didn't come to Washington to hurt people, but I also came to Washington to make a big
and bold change. This is an opportunity I think I have as a leader to make a change in one of our fundamental areas of federal government," she said.
"To make a change that benefits

Difference Between The President And The Senate
"To make us one nation as to foreign concerns, and keep us distinct in Domestic ones gives the outline of the proper division of powers between the
general [national] and particular [state] governments." –Thomas Jefferson. Who has more power the president, the Supreme Court, or the senate? The
division of power between the president and senate is extremely powerful and can bring in who they both agree to bring into the Supreme Court.
Many believe the president only has the right to veto bills and to proclaim war if it is necessary but there is so much more for a president to do in his
four years or eight years if the citizens vote him to stay in. But what about the senate you ask? The senate votes on the bills and tries to find the best
thing for the state they are representing. With this being stated the president and senate have many jobs while they are representing the United States
and those are only a couple things. Although the president and senate both have different jobs, they come together to do... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Johnson wanted to be able to fire or discharge anyone he wanted from their job in the Supreme Court. The Congress thought that he shouldn't have a
say in who is let go from the Supreme Court and that if he wants somebody to be fired then it should go through them first since they sometimes have
different thoughts then the president. Johnson soon fired his secretary and was brought to trial. So with all of this being stated the founding fathers
put this rule into place for a reason. Once people get power the feeling makes them want more. The division of power was a brilliant idea and has
obviously kept Andrew Johnson from having too much power on nominating and firing whoever he wanted when he wasn't satisfied with that person.
"Power tends to isolate those who hold too much of it. Eventually, they lose touch with reality ... and fall." –Frank

Write An Essay On The Boue (The Senate)
The Boule (The Senate) The Athenian legislature also included a deliberative body known as the Boule. It was made up of 500 members–– 50 from
each of the 10 tribes –– who were chosen by lot and served for the period of one year. The Boule would meet every day except festival days and
propose legislation which was then ratified by all the citizens in the Ekklesia. Citizen The Old Bouleuterion, about SOO B.C. Model by Fetros
Demetriades and Kostas Papoulias. Athens, Agora Museum. Excavations have revealed the foundations of a nearly square building (23.30 m. X 23.80
m.), with a cross wall dividing the structure into a main chamber and entrance vestibule. The main room probably had five supports, although the
foundations for only three have... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These words, gentlemen, they inscribed on the stone, and this stone they set up in the Bouleuterion (Lykourgos, [Speech] Against Leokrates 124, 126).
In the late 5th century a new Bouleuterion, immediately adjacent to the old one, was built to house the 500 senators. The Old Bouleuterion was then
given over entirely to archival storage. Citizen Fragment of a marble basin, about 500 B.C. L.: 0.235 m. Athens, Agora Museum I 4869. The fragment
preserves part of an inscription around the rim which reads: ОџО’ОџО›О•ОҐ, "of the Bouleuterion", indicating ownership of the basin by the Senate, or
Boule. It was found just south of the foundations of the Old Bouleuterion. A fragmentary marble basin or perirrhanterion, marked as belonging to the
Bouleuterion, presumably held the holy water in which the Athenians were accustomed to wash or dip their hands before entering any sacred space.
Like most Athenian public buildings, the Bouleuterion was under the protection of the gods. The deities of the Boule were Zeus Boulaios, Athena
Boulaia, and Hestia (goddess of the hearth) Boulaia. Despite the religious aspects of the building, violence and sacrilege occurred occasionally during
troubled political times, as in 404/3

The Usefulness Of The Canadian Senate
David C. Docherty's scholarly journal responds to the continual controversy and debate of the usefulness of the Canadian senate in 2002. Docherty's
article does an amazing job at analyzing the current Canadian senate and argues that the senate is a failing Canadian institution because of two
democratic deficiencies: the undemocratic nature of senator selection and the inability of senators to represent provinces properly (45). These two
features of why the senate is a failing Canadian institution can be compared to how Rand Dyck defines democracy in Canadian Politics: Critical
Approaches. Docherty looks at several previous senate reforms and answers the question of why these senate reforms failed, in doing so Docherty
lays down a framework for a possible successful senate reform but acknowledges the obstacles. Docherty does a very good job at accessing the
problem of the senate, accessing the problem of previous reforms, and suggesting a plausible type of reform for the senate. This provides the reader
with the knowledge of why the Canadian senate is a failing institution but also the possible solutions of how the senate can be reformed in order to
maximize its democratic potential. Although, Docherty fails to provide an exact reform that needs to be taken, he just draws upon other failures and
hypothesis that this may be the right solution for reform. Rand Dyck's chapter 11 fills in the missing gap of reform that needs to be taken by drawing
upon one of the best attempts at

Senate Election Reform Essay
The turn of the 20th century brought a tremendous amount of change to the United States, its government and its citizens. A greater amount of
prosperity and technology increased citizens exposure to information. With this information came empowerment, with empowerment came the ability
to make more informed decisions about government at all levels. As people learned more they were no longer accepting of the status quo of the States
appointing their Senators. With this, pressure came and ultimately the 17th Amendment, allowing people to directly elect their Senators. The 17th
Amendment came relatively easy but it was not without its own controversy then or now. The 17th Amendment is a relatively simple and straight
forward document.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
691). As the United States developed after the civil war and people gained greater access to news and education they began to see the corruption within
the senate appointment process. This started a push for electoral reform and the progressive movement. It should not be over looked either that the
election of Senators by popular vote would not only leave the nomination and election of the members of the legislature upon the simple issue of
their fitness, but it would place every candidate before the people, where his views and relationship to the public interests of the State could be
known and understood by all. In the first eighty years of Congress, only nine resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment for direct election of
senators were introduced in Congress. In the 1870s and 1880s the number increased, and by 1912 no fewer than 287 such joint resolutions had been
introduced. Not until 1892 was a resolution reported favorably from committee in the House. From 1893 to 1902, momentum increased considerably.
The spread of direct primaries in the 1890s led in many states to expressions of a popular choice for senator on the primary ballot. One–party
legislatures in the South generally ratified the popular choice, though the primary was less effective in putting over the popular choice in other states.
Oregon in 1901

Senate Impeachment Cases
Also, the Senate's president pro tempore, who is typically a senior senator of the majority party, is in charge when the Vice President of the United
States isn't present. The Senate also has the power to choose its other officers. To add on, if the House of Representatives votes to impeach any civil
officer, the Senate must serve as judge and jury. If two–thirds of the senators vote to convict, then the impeached official is removed from office. The
last clause of the third section (Article I) states that the only punishments the Senate is allowed to dispense in impeachment cases are removal from
office and banishment from future government service. However, the regular courts could also then seek to impose further criminal penalties for

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