Cenex is a not-for-profit organization that specializes in low-emission vehicles and energy systems. They helped clients with ESOS compliance by assessing transport energy use. Transport is included in ESOS if the organization directly fuels vehicles. Key lessons included managing expectations, issues with data quality, and the need for senior buy-in for changes. Options to improve efficiency include driver training, vehicle selection policies, and alternative fuels. Future opportunities include using electric vehicles to support building energy systems through vehicle-to-grid technology.

1. Improving The Energy
Efficiency of Transport –
Lessons from ESOS
Robert Anderson
Cenex
Senior Fleet Specialist& Lead Assessor

2. Transport Energy Efficiency
Agenda
 Who are Cenex
 Transport Within ESOS
 Drivers for Transport Efficiency
 Lessons
 Efficiency Options
 The Future

3. Transport Energy Efficiency
Who are Cenex?

4. Transport Energy Efficiency
Cenex
 Not-for-profitindependent research and consultancy
 Specialists in low emissionvehicles,associatedinfrastructure, energy
systems and supply chain development.
 Help clients to assess,validate and apply low emission automotive
strategies and technologies.
 Operate across Europe through collaborationand partnership
working.
 Manage the UK’s largest lowcarbon vehicle event

5. Transport Energy Efficiency
Transport Within ESOS

6. Transport Energy Efficiency
ESOS considerations
 Energy consumption from transport is within the scope of ESOS.
 Only required to include transport where the organisation is supplied
with the fuel, not where they procure a transportation service that
includes an indirect payment for the fuel consumption e.g.:
 Train or flight tickets include an indirect payment for the fuel
consumed
 Many logistics services include an indirect payment for fuel
 However, if transport is less than 10% of the company’s significant
energy use, it can be discounted.

7. Transport Energy Efficiency
ESOS considerations
 The Energy Audit should cover energy usage relating to fuel which is
supplied to the participant for use in its business:
 Owned/ Leased HGVs
 Owned/ Leased Vans
 Owned/ Leased Cars
 A supply to an employee of the participant counts as a supply to the
participant, provided the fuel is used in the business of the participant.
 Grey Fleet (personal vehicles used on company business)

8. Transport Energy Efficiency
Drivers for Transport Efficiency

9. Transport Energy Efficiency
Low emission vehicle drivers
Inward Investment
Air Quality
Carbon
Energy Security

10. Transport Energy Efficiency
Low emission vehicle drivers
Ultra-low Emission Zone
London T-Charge Technology Bans
Clean Air Zones

11. Transport Energy Efficiency
Where’s the energy?
 Energy and energy consumption are not phrases used in transport
 Different terminology: kWh vs MPG/ gCO2 km
 First time transport has been included in energy/carbon audits

12. Transport Energy Efficiency
Lessons …

13. Transport Energy Efficiency
Cenex audits
 Partnered with:
 Provided clients with two compliance options:
1. Light Touch
 Top level assessmentbased on Simple Payback Periods
2. In Depth
 Full assessmentbased on Life Cycle Cost Analysis

14. Transport Energy Efficiency

15. Transport Energy Efficiency
Issues …
 Managing client expectations
 Compliance vs. in depth analysis
 Hinderance vs. useful
 Rushed timescales
 Issues with sign off
 Senior Management questions
 Awkward conversations
 Sign off to implement changes
 Transport fuel costs seen as ‘necessary evil’
 Empowerment needed to trial options

16. Transport Energy Efficiency
Issues …
 Data supply & quality
 Fuel consumption
 Fuel cards
 Business expenses
 Mileage
 Telematics systems
 Business expenses

17. Transport Energy Efficiency
Options for Efficiency

18. Transport Energy Efficiency
 Mobile asset
 User choice
 Job need
 Multi user?
 Daily / annual mileage
 Refuelling and recharging
 Technology options
 Whole life costs
 Dealer support
 Vehicle payload
Issues …

19. Transport Energy Efficiency
Energy saving measures identified
 Grey fleet management
 Company car selection policy changes
 Lightweight van bodies
 Double deck trailers
 Improved aerodynamics of trailers & cabs
 Transmission remapping
 Electric power take-off
 Driver training
 Trailer loading software
 In-cab driver aids
 Alternative fuels
 Energy efficient tyres
 Low viscosity oils
 Hybridisation of vans, buses, off-highway

20. Transport Energy Efficiency
Options
 Four key variables
 The Driver
 The Vehicle
 The Journey
 The Policy
 There is no single solution
 One technology/ approach will not fit all, it will take a blend

21. Transport Energy Efficiency
The Driver

22. Transport Energy Efficiency
Impact of the driver
 Key factor for fuel efficiency
 Potential fuel savings
 Immediate ~15%
 Long term ~5%
 Other impacts
 Tyres
 Insurance
 Maintenance
 Sustaining savings

23. Transport Energy Efficiency
The Vehicle

24. Transport Energy Efficiency
The impact of vehicle selection
 Job need vs. user selection
 Duty cycle
 Ownership period
 Load requirements (volume vs. weight)
 Engine size
 Aerodynamics
 Engine downsizing
 Low carbon options
 Battery Electric/ Plug in Hybrid/ Hybrid/ Gas

25. Transport Energy Efficiency
Cars Small vans
Large vans Mid-size trucks Large trucks
Low carbon options

26. Transport Energy Efficiency
Vehicle Classification Electric Gas Liquid
Tank-to-Wheel CO2 Savings ~20 – 100% 0 to 100% ~15% worse to 100%
Well-to-Wheel CO2 Savings ~20 – 50% 0 to ~85% ~15% worse to ~90%
Air Quality Savings
Some improvement to zero
emissions
AQ benefit to zero emissions Similar AQ to some AQ benefit
Battery
Electric
Hybrid
Electric
Plug-in
Hybrid
Range
Extended
Electric
ICE
LPG
Hydrogen
Fuel Cell/Range
Extender/Dual Fuel
Dedicated
CNG
Diesel & LPG
Dual Fuel
Petrol Biodiesel Drop-in
Fuels

27. Transport Energy Efficiency
Electric vans
Whole Life CostExample
Models:
Nissan NV200
1.5dCi Acenta
(Diesel)
Nissan e-NV200
Acenta
(Electric)
Vehicle £15,030 £22,088
Plug-in vangrant discount £0 £5,301
Fuel costs £5,449 £2,103
Road tax £700 £0
Maintenance costs £2,114 £1,416
Resale value £3,096 £4,622
Life time cost £20,198 £15,684
Cost permile 33.7p 26.1p
Whole life cost savings £4,514
If used in the London Congestion Zone (£10.50 per day with 5 days/week)
Life time cost £33,323 £15,684
Whole life cost savings £17,639
• Economics
o Vehicle: 2.2t Small panel van
o Annual mileage: 12,000 miles (48 miles per day)
o Ownership period: 5 years
o Cost saving: £4,514 rising to £17,639 if used daily in the London Congestion Charging Zone
• Environment
o 40 – 50% WTW CO2 savings & Zero tail-pipe air quality and CO2 emissions

28. Transport Energy Efficiency
Diesel-electric hybrid trucks
• Economicsbreak-even point
o Vehicle: 7.5t Eco-Canter
o Annual mileage: 15,000 – 30,000 miles (60 – 120 miles per day)
o Ownership period: 5 years
• Environment
o Up to 20% fuel and CO2 savings & associated air quality and noise savings

29. Transport Energy Efficiency
Dedicated Gas Trucks and Vans
• Economics
o Station capacity dependent:
• Environment(Coca Cola & IVECO STRALIS Truck)
o 60% reduction WTW CO2 (using biomethane)
o 86% reduction in NOx (Euro 5)
o 97% reduction in PM (Euro 5)

30. Transport Energy Efficiency
The Journey

31. Transport Energy Efficiency
Grey fleet
 Usually older and have higher
fuel consumption
 Other forms of car provision
such as pool or hire may be
more cost effective.
 Mileage reimbursement rates
may be significantly higher than
the costs incurred by drivers,
incentivising unnecessary travel.

32. Transport Energy Efficiency
The Policy

33. Transport Energy Efficiency
Policy changes
 Incentivisation of fuel efficiency
 Vehicle allocation policy
 Job need vs. user choice
 CO2 emission cap
 Be aware of vehicle usage
 Others:
 Travel policy
 Grey fleet policy
Make VW Tiguan
Mitsubishi
Outlander (PHEV)
Official MPG 49.6 148.5
Miles per Annum 22,602 22,602
Operating Period(years) 4 4
Potential Operating Costs
Fuel Use (l) 8,286 2,768
Fuel Spend (£) 8,949 2,989
Carbon Emissions (kgCO2e) 23,290 7,779
Energy Consumption (kWh) 88,939 29,706

34. Transport Energy Efficiency
Conclusions

35. Transport Energy Efficiency
Conclusions
 Including fleet within energy management
 ‘Fit and forget’
 Need to test and monitor impacts
 Procurement process
 Purchase price vs. total cost of ownership
 Careful planning is needed
 Vehicle characteristics
 Operational limitations
 Fitting right vehicle to operation

36. Transport Energy Efficiency
Success?
ESOS Compliant
But also:
Cutting costs and carbon
Delivering competitive advantage

37. Transport Energy Efficiency
The Future?

38. Transport Energy Efficiency
Vehicles as part of the energy systemEVs as part of the building energy system
Source: electriccarsreport.com/2015/12/nissan-and-enel-team-up-on-v2g-technology

39. Thank you for listening
Rob Anderson
Senior Fleet Advisor
Cenex
Email: robert.anderson@cenex.co.uk
Mobile: 07833 447 352