On behalf of DG Energy, the JRC organized a 1,5-day experts' workshop on energy audits and energy management systems under the Article 8 of the Energy Efficiency Directive. With an attendance of more than 70 national and industry experts, the objective of this workshop was to provide examples of existing best practices to help prepare the transposition of Article 8 and Annex VI of the EED and explore how these best practices can be useful for the implementation of the mandatory audits for large enterprises.

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ENERGY AUDIT STANDARDS
WITH SPECIFIC FOCUS ON TRANSPORT
Madrid 21st March 2014

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Agenda
 Introductions
 Conor Molloy, AEMS, Chair CEN Transport WG
 Erik van Agtmaal, Altimedes Consulting
 Transport as a system
 EN16247- Energy Audits Part 4 - Transport
 Impacts of energy audits
 Voluntary SME impacts
 Conclusions

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An introduction to energy efficiency audits
in freight transportation
Erik van Agtmaal
Managing Partner Altimedes
Energy audits and Energy Management systems under
Energy Efficiency Directive Article 8
Madrid, 20th and 21st March 2014
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Background information
• Altimedes is a consulting firm in transport, logistics and supply chain
management with a specific focus on energy efficiency and
sustainability in transport and logistics.
• Founding member of the Green Logistics Consulting Group
• Assignments and services relevant to energy efficiency
– Guidelines for emissions monitoring and reporting in logistics, Connekt
www.emissieberekenen.nl
– IATA Air Cargo footprint project
– Climate TransAct Stakeholder process
– SmartWay Europe Working group (now Green Freight Europe)
– United Nations Sustainable Procurement of Freight Transportation Services
www.greeningtheblue.org
– Lean and Green programme, Flanders Institute for Logistics www.vil.be
– Energy audits and -management in road transport, air transport and logistics
– Training programme for road transport energy efficiency auditors
– …
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Energy use in transport (world)
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Source: Alex Körner, Transport sector: Trends, Indicators energy efficiency measures,
International Energy Agency, 2012
Freight transportation energy use (40 exajoule or 43% in 2009) is growing
faster than passenger transport.
Transport is 20% of energy use

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Transport energy efficiency measures
ASI model
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Source: Altimedes, 2012 - developed for the Lean and Green programme - Flanders Institute for Logistics VIL

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Metrics for fuel efficiency in transport
Fuel consumption (FC) per unit
• Litres per 100 km (l/100 Vehicle km)
• Litres per tonne-km
• Litres per m3-km
• Litres per passenger-km
• Litres per tonne delivered
• …
Fuel economy (FE)
• Km per litre, Miles per gallon, …
Non linear relationship between FC and FE
• 10% increase in FE = 9.1 % decrease in FC
• 100% increase in FE = 50 % decrease in FC
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360° ENERGY AUDIT
ROAD CARRIER
Example
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Energy cost in a road transport carrier
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Source: Total operating costs of an average German freight forwarding company , Güterkraftverkehr Logistik und Entsorgung e.V., 2012.

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Process
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1. Meeting with management team to explain and agree objectives,
scope, approach, information exchange, contact persons and to get
a first idea of the company, its operations and energy efficiency
programme
2. Standard questionnaire (after non relevant questions are removed)
is sent to contact person
3. First analysis based on response to questionnaire
4. Meetings with different managers and site visits
(vehicles, transport planning, maintenance, procurement, sales, HR, …)
5. Analysis of findings and audit report
6. Presentation of audit report and recommendations to management
team
7. Impact – feasibility assessment and matrix
8. Prioritisation of measures
9. Development of action plan

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Benchmarking
Performance may be benchmarked to:
• Past performance: Comparing current versus reference
year (e.g. Lean and Green)
• Peer group: Comparing to the performance of a peer
group (e.g. US EPA SmartWay)
• Best in class
• Best Practices: Comparing against more specific
established practices considered to be the best in the
industry
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Benchmarking per category
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0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
Supply chain (2)
Logistics operations (3)
Transport management (5)
Fleet composition (4)
Maintenance (10)
Aerodynamics (7)Tyres (8)
Fuel management (9)
Alternative fuels (13)
Eco driving (11)
Human resources (12)
Telematics (6)
Energy management (1)
• Energy Management
System
• Supply chain impacts
• Logistics
• Fleet, truck and trailer
specifications
• Transport management
• Telematics
• Aerodynamics
• Tyres
• Fuel management
• Maintenance
• Driver training
• Human Resources
• Alternative fuel
vehicles and new
technologies
Score per category is given versus
feasible optimum (best practices)

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e.g. Aerodynamics
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Most aerodynamic shape
Air flow
Frontal
Friction zone Friction zoneFriction zone
Recirculation zone
Rear end
Roof fairing or deflector
Cab side-edge turning vanes
Aerodynamic side mirrors
Air dam
Tractor side panels
Collar
…
Aerodynamic mud flaps
Trailer side panels
Trailer rear-end solutions
…

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Aerodynamic quick wins
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 Remove counterproductive
aerodynamic features
(0.6% to 1.5% reduction in fuel
consumption)
• Correct installation and
adjustment of air deflectors or
fairings
(1% to 3.8% reduction in fuel consumption)

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e.g. Impact of driver
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e.g. Impact of driver
 Importance of continuous monitoring and reporting
(driver league tables, benchmarking)
 Intelligent cruise control and other supporting tools
 Focus should be on all drivers and not only on ‘bad’
performers
 Eco driving training and other training
 Employee involvement in fuel management programme
and in transport and logistics improvements
 Awards, bonus schemes, competitions, …
 …
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e.g. Impact of contract
 Split incentives are an important cause of non
optimisation in freight transportation
 Transport carriers hold relevant information
about potential logistics improvements but are
unwilling to transfer this information to their
clients as it is not in their interests
 Transport contracts should avoid split incentives
 Regular meetings to discuss opportunities for
improvements
 Sharing of benefits
consulting

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Lessons learned (1)
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 Importance of a comprehensive 360° audit approach
 Large variation in energy efficiency between companies
 Even the “best in class” can improve
 Many energy efficiency improvement measures,
including quick wins, are often not implemented
 The cumulative impact of even small improvements has
the potential to deliver significant fuel efficiency gains
 Audits show high total potential for energy efficiency
improvement
(6% to 20 % over a time period of 2 to 3 years)

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Lessons learned (2)
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 Changes in product life cycle design, supply chain
network design, logistics, … have often a much larger
impact than technical improvements
 The involvement of shippers creates extra opportunities
and incentives for carriers to improve fuel efficiency
 Providing information is not enough
 Incentives and support are needed to convince carriers
to focus on energy efficiency
 Management teams of carriers recognised the large
added value of the energy efficiency audit process

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EN16247 - 4
Transport Energy Audits
Conor Molloy
Chair CEN Transport Energy Mgmt WG

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Standards in Energy Management
I.S.393 Irish
and other
country
standards
I.S. 399 Energy Efficient
Design
EN 16001
16247-1 Energy Audits
16247-4 Transport Audits
16247-5 Auditor
Competence
ISO50001
50004 = Guidance for use
50002 = Auditing standard
50006 = M&V Measurement
& verification standard

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ISO50001
 Fastest selling standard since 9001:
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
60 70 92 108 145 250 324 400
601 715 791
9151106
124414201530
2200
34043563
40484111
4740
5055
6670
6912
Number of ISO 50001 certified sites worldwide
R. Peglau (German Federal Environment Agency)

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EN16247 - Energy Audits
 Developed under Mandate M/479
 “Standardisation in the field of energy audits
(decision D139/C016)”
 Multi-part standard:
 1 - General requirements already published
 2 (buildings) , 3 (processes), 4 (transport) and
 5 (qualification of auditors)
 at voting stage due out July 2014
 Read EN 16247-1 Energy audits- General
requirements with Part 4

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Status
 As EN16247-4 was developed in response
to a Mandate: there is a legal standstill on
development of similar standards until
EN16247-4 is published
 Similarly prEN 16247-5:2014 Energy audits
— Part 5: Competence of Energy Auditors

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Energy Audit
‘An energy audit is the universal first step for
an organization, whatever its size or type,
wanting to improve its energy efficiency/use.’
 It is a systematic inspection and analysis of energy
use and energy consumption of a system or
organization with the objective of identifying
energy flows and the potential for energy
efficiency improvements
 ‘Audit’ is the normal term, but
‘assessment’ or ‘diagnostic’ may be more
appropriate

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Energy audit
 An energy, or fleet fuel audit typically costs
1-5% of annual energy spend, for a 10-20%
return in identified annualised savings.
 Key to savings is a structured approach and
follow-up i.e. reviews after X days
 (In Ireland its now every 90 days)
 ISO50001, EnergyMAP are example approaches

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FUNDING & SAVINGS
How have audits been funded?

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SEAI - www.seai.ie
 National Energy Authority
 ‘AMA’ – advice mentoring & assessment
 Focused on results i.e. savings
 Voluntary scheme aimed at SME’s
 3,000+ energy assessments 2007-2013
 100+ transport fleet energy assessments
 Average 10% saving in 3-12 months
 Advertised now with 20% savings

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Costs and benefits
 Typical return 10% savings in L/100km
 That’s € 100,000+ in annual savings
 Typical audit budget 1-5% of fuel spend
 i.e. € 10,000-50,000 - often significantly less
 Funding from energy suppliers:
 Follow-up(s) quarterly follow-ups work well
 Echoes of Energy Agreements at small scale

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IMPACTS OF ENERGY AUDITS
on road transport carriers in Ireland

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Audit + Advice & training
39.6 L/100km
34.3 L/100km
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33
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35
36
37
38
39
40
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Jan/2012 Feb/2012 Mar/2012 Apr/2012 May/2012 Jun/2012 Jul/2012 Aug/2012 Sep/2012 Oct/2012
Weekly Fuel Cons.
 Energy Audit

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Year on year sustained savings
33.02 32.60
32.41
28.48
25.00
27.00
29.00
31.00
33.00
35.00
37.00
39.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2013 vs. 2012 L/100km
2012 2013 Linear (2012) Linear (2013)
 Energy Audit

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Added value - HGV
€4,116 €8,895 €5,651 €11,453 €25,267 €35,793 €36,567 €32,617 €38,964 €39,280 €29,316 €27,040
32.4 L/100km
28.5 L/100km
29.3 L/100km
26.0 L/100km
27.0 L/100km
28.0 L/100km
29.0 L/100km
30.0 L/100km
31.0 L/100km
32.0 L/100km
33.0 L/100km
€-
€5,000
€10,000
€15,000
€20,000
€25,000
€30,000
€35,000
€40,000
€45,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
FuelPerformanceinL/100kmforfleetbymonth
SavingsinEuro@AAIreland(retail)less23%VAT
Axis Title
Fuel Savings € vs L/100km - 2013
Saving € Performance
 Energy Audit

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33.0 L/100km
28.7 L/100km
27.1 L/100km
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
20.0 L/100km
22.0 L/100km
24.0 L/100km
26.0 L/100km
28.0 L/100km
30.0 L/100km
32.0 L/100km
34.0 L/100km
Baseline 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fuel Performance PAX
Long run savings vs payload
Passengers
increase by
18.4%;
as fuel reduces
6.8% in
L/100km
Energy Audit EnergyMAP training Telematics ISO50001 ECOdrive
Funding in whole or
part by SEAI (‘07-11)
and Enprova (‘12-’13)
www.matthews.ie
IPMVP

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Thank you
Merci
Danke
Gracias

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Summary
 Transport Energy Audits:
 Reduce costs
 Reduce emissions
 Increase profit
 Improve competitiveness
 Securing jobs
 Self financing – when used effectively

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Call for member state participants
 Working group on building capacity
 Auditors
 Trainers
 Tools
 How will member states engage Dept. of
Transport / DG Move?

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Contact information
Phone: +32(0)2 460 17 30
Website: www.altimedes.com
Email: info@altimedes.com
Erik van Agtmaal
Mobile: +32(0)476 345 117
Email: erik.van.agtmaal@altimedes.com
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www.aems.ie
conorm@authentic.ie
+353 87 255 4070