compressed natural gas

1. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,MESRA
BY:
Shivam Kumar(BE/15250/13)
Praveen Kumar(BE/15251/13)
Abinash Panda(BE/15271/13)

2. DIRTY,EXPENSIVE,HEAVY
1912

3. PETROL>COAL
Produces less polution
Is cheaper
Is lighter

4. CNG>PETROL>COAL
Produces less polution
Is cheaper
Is lighter

5. CONSTITUENT PERCENTAGE LIMIT
Methane 90% Maximum
Ethane Content 4% Maximum
Propane Content 1.7% Maximum
C4 and Higher 0.7% Maximum
C6 and Higher 0.2% Maximum
CO2 + N2 0.2% Maximum
Hydrogen 0.1% Maximum
Carbon Monoxide 0.1% Maximum
Oxygen 0.5% Maximum
Sulfur 10 ppm Maximum

6. HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

7. FRACKING

8. USE OF ENERGY WAVES TO DETECT NG RESERVES.

9. DRILLING OF GAS WELL

10. DRILLING OF COAL WITH NG STUCK TO THE SURFACE

12. SEPARATION OF NG AND WATER MIXTURE COMING
FROM WELL

13. MULTIPLE WELLS CAN BE
DRILLED AT SAME SITE
TO MAXIMIZE
PRODUCTION OF NG.
THE WATER AND NG
ARE TRANSPORTED
TO TREATMENT
FACILITIES FOR
FURTHER
PURIFICATION AND
USE.

16. CNG ENGINE

17. CNG AS A TRANSPORT FUEL

18. COMBUSTION AND EMISSIONS
Octane rating- 130 vs 91(Gasoline)
Fuel-air ratio- 17.2:1 vs 14.7(Gasoline)
Emissions reduction based on
Gasoline Engines:
NOx by 30-60% CO by 60-70%
CO2 by 25% NMHC 50-75%
An engine running on petrol for 100 km emits
22,000 grams of CO2, for same distance on CNG
emits only 16,275 grams of CO2. CNG is
essentially CH4 with a c.v. of 900 kJ/mol.

19. MAINTAINANCE
Proper training is required for all maintenance personnel
working on CNG vehicles. The oil in a CNG vehicle does not
need to be changed as frequently because CNG burns more
cleanly than gasoline , producing less deposits in the oil.

20. APPLICATIONS

23. Environment Friendly.
Low maintenance cost than other
vehicles
Increases the life of lubricating oils
It mixes easily and evenly in air
Engine Life Improves
Less pollution and more efficiency.
It is cheaper than petrol and diesel.
ADVANTAGES

24.  Still a FOSSIL FUEL.
 Leaking of methane from storage
areas.
 CNG tank require high storage space.
 CNG made engine vehicles are costly
more than other fuel engine of the
same car.
 CNG filling stations have limited
availability as compare to gasoline.
DISADVANTAGES
 CNG engine Is low power engine
than the gasoline engine.

25. DISADVANTAGES
DANGERS OF
FRACKING…

26. DANGERS OF FRACKING:
72 trillion gallons of water
and 360 billion gallons of chemicals
needed to run our current gas wells.
During this process, methane gas and
toxic chemicals leach out from the
system and contaminate nearby
groundwater.

27. The water brought in is mixed with
sand and chemicals to create fracking
fluid. Approximately 40,000 gallons of
chemicals are used per fracturing.
DANGERS OF FRACKING:
Methane concentrations are 17x higher
in drinking-water wells near fracturing
sites than in normal wells.

28. The waste fluid is left in open air pits to
evaporate, releasing harmful VOC’s (volatile
organic compounds) into the atmosphere,
creating contaminated air, acid rain, and
ground level ozone.
DANGERS OF FRACKING:
Contaminated well water is used for
drinking water for nearby cities and towns.
There have been over 1,000 documented
cases of water contamination next to areas
of gas drilling as well as cases of sensory,
respiratory, and neurological damage due to
ingested contaminated water.

29. NG reserves in India

30. Locale:Hariyana
The railways have modified the 1,400 HP engine to run on dual fuel - diesel
and CNG. The passenger train would consume over 20% of CNG, covering a
distance of 81km in about two hours.
Rewari-Rohtak (132 km)

31. Argentinian company Zanella has launched a CNG
powered bike. This is the first bike in the world to come with
a factory fitted CNG power.

32. TOP 5 ONGOING PROJECTS IN INDIA
Current Energy Production[i]
16,385.61 MW
Project State Commissioned Capacity (MW)
RGPPL, Anjanvel Maharashtra 1480
Dadri Uttar Pradesh 817
Paguthan Gujarat 654.73
Auraiya Uttar Pradesh 652
Jhanor-Gandhar Gujarat 648

34. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 http://www.dangersoffracking.com/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas
 www.afsglobal.com/faq/gas-comparisons.html
 www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/afvs/cng.html
 www.cngnow.com