This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on gangrene: 1. The presentation can be freely downloaded, edited, and modified. Blank slides are included to engage students by asking them questions before presenting content. 2. The presentation follows an active learning approach, showing blank slides first to elicit student responses, then presenting content. 3. Links are provided to access the entire presentation online or via mobile. The presentation covers definitions, classifications, causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, management, and prevention of gangrene.

1. Tips on using my ppt.
1. You can freely download, edit, modify and put your
name etc.
2. Don’t be concerned about number of slides. Half the
slides are blanks except for the title.
3. First show the blank slides (eg. Aetiology ) > Ask
students what they already know about ethology of
today's topic. > Then show next slide which enumerates
aetiologies.
4. At the end rerun the show – show blank> ask questions >
show next slide.
5. This will be an ACTIVE LEARNING SESSION x
three revisions.
6. Good for self study also.
7. See notes for bibliography.

2. Learning Objectives

3. Learning Objectives
1. Introduction & History
2. Relevant Anatomy, Physiology
3. Aetiology
4. Pathophysiology
5. Pathology
6. Classification
7. Clinical Features
8. Investigations
9. Management
10. Prevention
11. Guidelines
12. Take home messages

4. Introduction & History.
•

5. Introduction
• Gangrene refers to death of macroscopic
portions of tissue which turn black because
of the breakdown of haemoglobin and the
formation of iron sulphide.
• It usually affects the most distal part of a
limb because of arterial obstruction.

6. Aetiology

7. Aetiology
• Idiopathic
• Congenital/ Genetic
• Nutritional Deficiency/excess
• Traumatic
• Infections /Infestation
• Autoimmune
• Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant)
• Degenerative / lifestyle
• Iatrogenic
• Psychosomatic
• Poisoning/ Toxins/ Drug induced

8. Aetiology
• Idiopathic
• Congenital/Genetic
• Traumatic
• Infections /Infestation
• Autoimmune
• Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant)
• Degenerative Diabetes mellitus.
• Iatrogenic

9. Pathophysiology

10. Pathophysiology
• Acute or Chronic arterial occlussion leads
to death of distal tissue.

11. Pathophysiology
• A line of demarcation between viable and
the dead tissue.
• In dry gangrene, if the blood supply of the
proximal tissues is adequate, the final line
of demarcation appears quickly.
• If the arterial supply to the proximal living
tissue is poor, the line of final demarcation
is very slow to form or does not develop at
all.
• If bone is involved, complete separation
takes longer.

12. Pathophysiology
• Unless the arterial supply can be improved,
the gangrene will spread to adjacent tissues
or will suddenly appear as ‘skip’ areas
further up the limb.
• Infection may also cause gangrene to
spread proximally into areas of extensive
inflammation.
• To attempt local amputation in the presence
of poor circulation will fail and gangrene
will reappear in the wound or skin edges. .

13. Classification

14. Classification
• Dry gangrene occurs when the tissues are
desiccated by gradual slowing of the
bloodstream; it is typicallythe result of
atheromatous occlusion of arteries.
• Wet gangrene occurs when superadded
infection and putrefaction are present
• Crepitus may be palpated as a result of
infection by gas-forming organisms
commonly in diabetic foot problems.

15. Classification
Dry gangrene
• no infection
• little tissue liquefaction
• In early stages, dull,
aching pain, extremely
painful to palpate, cold,
dry and wrinkled.
• In later stages, skin
gradually changes in
color to
– dark brown, then
– dark purplish-blue,
then
– completely black
Wet gangrene
• Bacterial infection
• copious tissue
liquefaction
• offensive odour
• swollen, red and
warm.
• usually develops
rapidly due to
blockage of venous
and/or arterial blood
flow

16. Operative Therapy

17. Operative Therapy
• Amputation.
• How much of a limb or digit can be
salvaged depends on the blood supply
proximal to the gangrene.
• Poor circulation can sometimes be
improved by intervention radiology or
surgical intervention and this may allow a
more conservative debridement or distal
amputation

18. Get this ppt in mobile
1. Download Microsoft
PowerPoint from play
store.
2. Open Google assistant
3. Open Google lens.
4. Scan qr code from
next slide.

19. Get this ppt in mobile

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