Amenorrhoea Amenorhhea
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This document discusses different types of amenorrhea, or absent menstrual periods. It describes primary amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstruation by age 16 with no development of secondary sex characteristics. This can be caused by hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Hypergonadotropic amenorrhea is often due to genetic conditions like Turner's syndrome or enzyme deficiencies. Hypogonadotropic amenorrhea has causes like Kallmann's syndrome, infections, or pituitary tumors. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include hormone replacement, surgery, or removal of obstructions. Anorexia nervosa can also cause amenorrhea due to severe weight loss and altered
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CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF AMENORRHOEA BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
This clinical document provides guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It defines primary and secondary amenorrhea and outlines the pathophysiology. The evaluation involves assessing the patient's history, physical exam, ultrasound and hormonal levels. Common causes include polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, hypothalamic issues, weight-related causes, and structural issues. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues from estrogen deficiency.
amenorrhea
This clinical guideline outlines an approach for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. Amenorrhea is classified as primary or secondary. The workup involves excluding pregnancy, cryptomenorrhea, and obtaining a history, physical exam, and ultrasound. Patients are categorized based on secondary sex characteristics, androgen levels, and test results to identify endocrine abnormalities. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues. Frequent reevaluation is important given the various potential causes.
amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation and can be primary or secondary. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation by age 15 in the presence of secondary sexual characteristics or by age 13 without characteristics. Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menses for longer than 6 months in a previously menstruating woman. Common causes include pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome, thyroid issues, and prolactinomas. An evaluation involves assessing sexual development, examining the reproductive tract, and obtaining levels of FSH, TSH, and prolactin to help determine the cause. Further tests like an MRI or karyotype may then be needed.
Ammenorrhea
This document discusses amenorrhea, which is the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation. It can be physiological, such as before puberty or during pregnancy and menopause, or pathological. The control of the menstrual cycle involves the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and outflow tract. Amenorrhea is classified as primary if a woman has not started menstruating, or secondary if established menstruation has ceased. Causes can include problems of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, outflow tract, or endocrine issues. Evaluation involves taking a thorough history, examination, and targeted investigations depending on suspected etiology.
Amenorrhoea
This document provides an overview of amenorrhea, beginning with definitions and classifications of primary and secondary amenorrhea. It then discusses the pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and menstrual cycle. The main causes of amenorrhea are outlined, including physiological causes as well as disorders of the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, ovaries, and uterus. The document describes the clinical evaluation of amenorrheic patients, including taking a thorough medical history and conducting a physical exam and laboratory investigations. Finally, medical and surgical treatment options are presented depending on the underlying cause of the amenorrhea.
Amenorrhoea for undergraduates
This document provides information on amenorrhea, including its classification and causes. It discusses the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the various etiologies of primary and secondary amenorrhea at each level of the axis. Common causes of primary amenorrhea include müllerian agenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome, and Turner's syndrome. The most common cause of secondary amenorrhea is pregnancy, while other causes include polycystic ovarian syndrome, thyroid disorders, weight loss, and pituitary tumors. Evaluation involves history, exam, hormone levels, imaging, and challenge tests. Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and addressing irregular periods, fertility, or contraception needs.
Amenorrhoea chitwan
This document discusses amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstruation. It describes physiological amenorrhea that occurs before puberty, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and after menopause. It also describes pathological amenorrhea, including primary amenorrhea which is the absence of menstruation without previously established cycles, and secondary amenorrhea which is the absence of menstruation for 3-6 months in women with previous regular cycles. It provides classifications and potential causes of primary and secondary amenorrhea, as well as evaluations and treatments.
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The document discusses abnormal menstruation and amenorrhea. It defines different types of amenorrhea and outlines the basic principles of menstrual function involving 4 compartments - the central nervous system, anterior pituitary, ovary, and uterus. Common causes of amenorrhea are then reviewed for each compartment, including disorders of the ovaries, pituitary, hypothalamus, and uterus. The diagnosis and treatment of different types of amenorrhea are also summarized.
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CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF AMENORRHOEA BY DR SHASHWAT JANI
This clinical document provides guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It defines primary and secondary amenorrhea and outlines the pathophysiology. The evaluation involves assessing the patient's history, physical exam, ultrasound and hormonal levels. Common causes include polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, hypothalamic issues, weight-related causes, and structural issues. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues from estrogen deficiency.
amenorrhea
This clinical guideline outlines an approach for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. Amenorrhea is classified as primary or secondary. The workup involves excluding pregnancy, cryptomenorrhea, and obtaining a history, physical exam, and ultrasound. Patients are categorized based on secondary sex characteristics, androgen levels, and test results to identify endocrine abnormalities. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues. Frequent reevaluation is important given the various potential causes.
amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation and can be primary or secondary. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation by age 15 in the presence of secondary sexual characteristics or by age 13 without characteristics. Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menses for longer than 6 months in a previously menstruating woman. Common causes include pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome, thyroid issues, and prolactinomas. An evaluation involves assessing sexual development, examining the reproductive tract, and obtaining levels of FSH, TSH, and prolactin to help determine the cause. Further tests like an MRI or karyotype may then be needed.
Ammenorrhea
This document discusses amenorrhea, which is the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation. It can be physiological, such as before puberty or during pregnancy and menopause, or pathological. The control of the menstrual cycle involves the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, and outflow tract. Amenorrhea is classified as primary if a woman has not started menstruating, or secondary if established menstruation has ceased. Causes can include problems of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, outflow tract, or endocrine issues. Evaluation involves taking a thorough history, examination, and targeted investigations depending on suspected etiology.
Amenorrhoea
This document provides an overview of amenorrhea, beginning with definitions and classifications of primary and secondary amenorrhea. It then discusses the pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and menstrual cycle. The main causes of amenorrhea are outlined, including physiological causes as well as disorders of the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, ovaries, and uterus. The document describes the clinical evaluation of amenorrheic patients, including taking a thorough medical history and conducting a physical exam and laboratory investigations. Finally, medical and surgical treatment options are presented depending on the underlying cause of the amenorrhea.
Amenorrhoea for undergraduates
This document provides information on amenorrhea, including its classification and causes. It discusses the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the various etiologies of primary and secondary amenorrhea at each level of the axis. Common causes of primary amenorrhea include müllerian agenesis, androgen insensitivity syndrome, and Turner's syndrome. The most common cause of secondary amenorrhea is pregnancy, while other causes include polycystic ovarian syndrome, thyroid disorders, weight loss, and pituitary tumors. Evaluation involves history, exam, hormone levels, imaging, and challenge tests. Treatment depends on the underlying etiology and addressing irregular periods, fertility, or contraception needs.
Amenorrhoea chitwan
This document discusses amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstruation. It describes physiological amenorrhea that occurs before puberty, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and after menopause. It also describes pathological amenorrhea, including primary amenorrhea which is the absence of menstruation without previously established cycles, and secondary amenorrhea which is the absence of menstruation for 3-6 months in women with previous regular cycles. It provides classifications and potential causes of primary and secondary amenorrhea, as well as evaluations and treatments.
13 amenorrhea
The document discusses abnormal menstruation and amenorrhea. It defines different types of amenorrhea and outlines the basic principles of menstrual function involving 4 compartments - the central nervous system, anterior pituitary, ovary, and uterus. Common causes of amenorrhea are then reviewed for each compartment, including disorders of the ovaries, pituitary, hypothalamus, and uterus. The diagnosis and treatment of different types of amenorrhea are also summarized.
Amenorrhea NISHTAR
This document discusses amenorrhea, including definitions, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and management. Primary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menarche by age 16 with pubertal development or by age 14 without pubertal development. Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for 3 or more months in a previously menstruating woman. The diagnostic approach involves obtaining a thorough history, physical exam, and ultrasound to rule out pregnancy and cryptomenorrhea before classifying the patient based on endocrine abnormalities. Management aims to restore ovulatory cycles if possible or replace estrogen when deficient, with periodic progestogen to protect the endometrium.
amenorrhea
This clinical guideline outlines an approach for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It defines primary and secondary amenorrhea and discusses various pathophysiologies including anovulatory and ovulatory causes. The approach involves obtaining a thorough history, physical exam, and initial tests to rule out pregnancy and cryptomenorrhea. Based on exam and test results, patients are categorized to guide further workup and diagnosis of conditions like hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, PCOS, ovarian failure, mullerian agenesis, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues from estrogen deficiency. Frequent re-evaluation is often needed given the complexity of
Amenorrhea
1) Amenorrhoea refers to the absence of menstruation and is classified as primary or secondary. Common causes include CNS issues like stress, exercise or eating disorders; pituitary disorders like Sheehan's syndrome or prolactinomas; and ovarian diseases such as PCOS or premature ovarian failure.
2) Evaluation involves assessing menstrual history, examining for signs of hormonal imbalance, and testing serum hormones and imaging studies.
3) Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include estrogen replacement, medication to reduce prolactin levels, weight management, or lifestyle changes.
Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the abnormal absence of menstruation. It is classified as primary or secondary. Primary amenorrhea occurs when menstruation does not start by age 15-16. Secondary amenorrhea is when established menstruation stops for 3-6 months. Causes can include issues with the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, or uterus. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific cause but may include hormone therapy.
Amenorrhea
This document discusses guidelines for evaluating amenorrhea in adolescents and women. It recommends initiating an evaluation by age 15-16 if normal development is present, age 13 if secondary sexual characteristics are absent, or within 2 years of breast development if menarche has not occurred. Amenorrhea is classified as primary if periods never started or secondary if absent for 3-6 months. Causes can include abnormalities of the reproductive tract, hypothalamic-pituitary issues, or ovarian problems. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve hormone replacement, surgery, or assisted reproduction.
Amenorrhea
A thorough history and physical examination as well as laboratory testing can help narrow the differential diagnosis of amenorrhea. In patients with primary amenorrhea, the presence or absence of sexual development should direct the evaluation. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty commonly causes primary amenorrhea in patients with no sexual development. If the patient has normal pubertal development and a uterus, the most common etiology is congenital outflow tract obstruction with a transverse vaginal septum or imperforate hymen. If laboratory tests are normal, challenge tests can help determine if the cause is an outflow tract abnormality or inadequate estrogenization. The treatment of primary and secondary amenorrhea is based on the causative factor and aims to
Amenorrhea ppt
amenorrhea, polycystic ovary, asherman syndrome, premature ovarian failure, turner sybdrome, imperforate hymen, 2nd amenorrhea
gynaecology.Sec amenorrhea.(dr.hana)
Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menses for more than three cycles or six months in women who previously had menses. Pregnancy is the most common cause. The document outlines the step-by-step process for evaluating secondary amenorrhea, including ruling out pregnancy, assessing medical history, performing a physical exam, basic lab tests, and follow-up testing and evaluation if initial results require further investigation. Treatment options are provided for common causes like hyperprolactinemia, ovarian failure, hyperandrogenism, and Asherman's syndrome.
Amenorrhea, Mob: 7289915430, www.drpradeepgarg.com
The document discusses amenorrhea and hirsutism. It defines amenorrhea as the absence of menstruation and describes primary and secondary causes. The etiology is categorized into compartments involving the ovaries, pituitary gland, hypothalamus and outflow tract. Common conditions discussed include PCOS, Turner syndrome and premature ovarian failure. Diagnostic evaluation and treatment principles are also outlined. Hirsutism is defined as excessive terminal hair in abnormal female patterns. Common causes discussed include PCOS, CAH, tumors and idiopathic factors.
27.Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstruation. It can be primary, occurring before age 16, or secondary, occurring after menstruation has started. Possible causes of amenorrhea include issues with the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, or uterus. Hypothalamic amenorrhea can be caused by stress, eating disorders, excessive exercise, or certain drugs. Evaluation of amenorrhea involves assessing sexual development, hormone levels, imaging tests, and response to medication challenges to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific cause but may include hormone replacement, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Amenorrhea
1. Amenorrhea is classified as primary or secondary. Secondary amenorrhea is the cessation of menses for 6 months or more in a woman who previously had menstruation.
2. Causes of secondary amenorrhea include hypogonadotropic (decreased FSH and LH), hypergonadotropic (increased FSH and LH), and eugonadotropic (normal FSH and LH) types. Specific causes include hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, and anatomical defects.
3. Prolonged hypogonadism from secondary amenorrhea can lead to decreased bone mineral density
Amenorrhea
amenorrhea is a condition when female do not have regular mensural cycles by puberty or due to any causes this ppt can help the patient and nurses to gain knowledge about this disease process and apply their knowledge into their clinical practices
Amenorrhea
An overview of amenorrhea, including its types, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment
Menstrual dysfunction
Menstrual dysfunction can occur due to issues with the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, or outflow tract. Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation and can be primary, secondary, physiological, or pathological. Specific causes of amenorrhea include issues with the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, or uterus. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common cause of amenorrhea and irregular periods characterized by cysts on the ovaries and increased male hormones.
Amenorrhoea PCOD
This document discusses various causes of delayed puberty and abnormal sexual development, including hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, Kallmann syndrome, central nervous system tumors, and chromosomal abnormalities. It then covers hypergonadotropic hypogonadism conditions like Turner's syndrome and primary ovarian failure. Treatment options are mentioned for specific conditions like vaginal reconstruction for vaginal agenesis or gonadectomy for androgen insensitivity syndrome. Postpartum pituitary necrosis is summarized as causing failing lactation, loss of pubic hair, and secondary amenorrhea due to low levels of hormones like growth hormone, prolactin, and gonadotropins.
Primary amenorrhoea
This document provides a differential diagnosis for primary amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstruation by age 16. It lists various potential etiologies categorized as anatomic abnormalities of the genital tract, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism indicating gonadal failure, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism where the hypothalamus-pituitary axis is affected. It further discusses an approach to evaluating a patient with primary amenorrhea through history, exam, and targeted laboratory and imaging tests to arrive at a diagnosis and guide treatment.
Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no menstrual periods by age 16. Investigations into primary amenorrhea depend on whether secondary sex characteristics are present or absent. Causes can be physiological, pathological, anatomical, endocrinological, or chromosomal. Common causes include hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, chromosomal abnormalities like Turner's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, or müllerian agenesis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include hormone replacement therapy, vaginal dilation, vaginoplasty, or gonadectomy.
Management of primary amenorrhoea
This document summarizes the management of primary amenorrhoea, or the absence of menstruation. It discusses investigating causes if menstruation has not occurred by ages 13 or 15 depending on sexual development. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, with limited therapeutic success, so counseling is important. Disease, malnutrition, and eating disorders like anorexia nervosa may cause amenorrhoea and require treatment. For certain conditions like streak ovaries or Turner syndrome, hormone therapy can help develop secondary sex characteristics or initiate menstrual cycles. Surgical procedures may be needed for vaginal septums or hypothalamic-pituitary tumors. The document provides guidance on hormone regimens for different conditions causing primary amenorrhoea.
Primary amenorrhea and management
Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation. It can be caused by physiological or pathological factors. A thorough evaluation includes obtaining a medical history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests. The history aims to understand pubertal development and identify potential causes like genetic conditions, while the exam evaluates secondary sexual characteristics and external genitalia. Key tests involve hormonal profiles to classify amenorrhea as eugonadotropic, hypergonadotropic, or hypogonadotropic. Further tests like ultrasound, MRI and karyotyping help diagnose conditions like Müllerian agenesis or Turner syndrome. The goal is to understand the underlying pathology and provide appropriate treatment.
Amenorrhoea
This document discusses different classifications and potential causes of amenorrhea. It divides causes into four compartments: compartment I involves issues with the uterus; compartment II involves ovarian issues; compartment III involves the pituitary gland; and compartment IV involves the hypothalamus. Each compartment lists specific conditions that could cause amenorrhea. The document also provides flowcharts outlining evaluations and treatments depending on factors like whether secondary sex characteristics are present, uterine anatomy, and FSH levels.
Amenorrhea
This clinical document summarizes guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It presents a case study of a patient with primary amenorrhea and pseudohermaphroditism. It then provides definitions of primary and secondary amenorrhea and outlines an approach for diagnosis involving history, physical exam, ultrasound, and laboratory tests. Common causes of amenorrhea are identified and diagnostic and management guidelines are presented.
Amenorrhea made easy slideshare 2015
This document provides an overview of amenorrhea, including:
1. Definitions of primary and secondary amenorrhea and classifications based on cause and presentation.
2. Requirements for normal menstruation including a coordinated neuroendocrine axis and patent reproductive tract.
3. Causes of pathological amenorrhea including hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, gonadal dysgenesis, weight changes, and structural abnormalities of the reproductive tract.
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Amenorrhea NISHTAR
This document discusses amenorrhea, including definitions, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, and management. Primary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menarche by age 16 with pubertal development or by age 14 without pubertal development. Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for 3 or more months in a previously menstruating woman. The diagnostic approach involves obtaining a thorough history, physical exam, and ultrasound to rule out pregnancy and cryptomenorrhea before classifying the patient based on endocrine abnormalities. Management aims to restore ovulatory cycles if possible or replace estrogen when deficient, with periodic progestogen to protect the endometrium.
amenorrhea
This clinical guideline outlines an approach for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It defines primary and secondary amenorrhea and discusses various pathophysiologies including anovulatory and ovulatory causes. The approach involves obtaining a thorough history, physical exam, and initial tests to rule out pregnancy and cryptomenorrhea. Based on exam and test results, patients are categorized to guide further workup and diagnosis of conditions like hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, PCOS, ovarian failure, mullerian agenesis, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Management aims to restore ovulation if possible or provide hormone replacement therapy to prevent health issues from estrogen deficiency. Frequent re-evaluation is often needed given the complexity of
Amenorrhea
1) Amenorrhoea refers to the absence of menstruation and is classified as primary or secondary. Common causes include CNS issues like stress, exercise or eating disorders; pituitary disorders like Sheehan's syndrome or prolactinomas; and ovarian diseases such as PCOS or premature ovarian failure.
2) Evaluation involves assessing menstrual history, examining for signs of hormonal imbalance, and testing serum hormones and imaging studies.
3) Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include estrogen replacement, medication to reduce prolactin levels, weight management, or lifestyle changes.
Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the abnormal absence of menstruation. It is classified as primary or secondary. Primary amenorrhea occurs when menstruation does not start by age 15-16. Secondary amenorrhea is when established menstruation stops for 3-6 months. Causes can include issues with the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, or uterus. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific cause but may include hormone therapy.
Amenorrhea
This document discusses guidelines for evaluating amenorrhea in adolescents and women. It recommends initiating an evaluation by age 15-16 if normal development is present, age 13 if secondary sexual characteristics are absent, or within 2 years of breast development if menarche has not occurred. Amenorrhea is classified as primary if periods never started or secondary if absent for 3-6 months. Causes can include abnormalities of the reproductive tract, hypothalamic-pituitary issues, or ovarian problems. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve hormone replacement, surgery, or assisted reproduction.
Amenorrhea
A thorough history and physical examination as well as laboratory testing can help narrow the differential diagnosis of amenorrhea. In patients with primary amenorrhea, the presence or absence of sexual development should direct the evaluation. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty commonly causes primary amenorrhea in patients with no sexual development. If the patient has normal pubertal development and a uterus, the most common etiology is congenital outflow tract obstruction with a transverse vaginal septum or imperforate hymen. If laboratory tests are normal, challenge tests can help determine if the cause is an outflow tract abnormality or inadequate estrogenization. The treatment of primary and secondary amenorrhea is based on the causative factor and aims to
Amenorrhea ppt
amenorrhea, polycystic ovary, asherman syndrome, premature ovarian failure, turner sybdrome, imperforate hymen, 2nd amenorrhea
gynaecology.Sec amenorrhea.(dr.hana)
Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menses for more than three cycles or six months in women who previously had menses. Pregnancy is the most common cause. The document outlines the step-by-step process for evaluating secondary amenorrhea, including ruling out pregnancy, assessing medical history, performing a physical exam, basic lab tests, and follow-up testing and evaluation if initial results require further investigation. Treatment options are provided for common causes like hyperprolactinemia, ovarian failure, hyperandrogenism, and Asherman's syndrome.
Amenorrhea, Mob: 7289915430, www.drpradeepgarg.com
The document discusses amenorrhea and hirsutism. It defines amenorrhea as the absence of menstruation and describes primary and secondary causes. The etiology is categorized into compartments involving the ovaries, pituitary gland, hypothalamus and outflow tract. Common conditions discussed include PCOS, Turner syndrome and premature ovarian failure. Diagnostic evaluation and treatment principles are also outlined. Hirsutism is defined as excessive terminal hair in abnormal female patterns. Common causes discussed include PCOS, CAH, tumors and idiopathic factors.
27.Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstruation. It can be primary, occurring before age 16, or secondary, occurring after menstruation has started. Possible causes of amenorrhea include issues with the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, or uterus. Hypothalamic amenorrhea can be caused by stress, eating disorders, excessive exercise, or certain drugs. Evaluation of amenorrhea involves assessing sexual development, hormone levels, imaging tests, and response to medication challenges to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the specific cause but may include hormone replacement, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Amenorrhea
1. Amenorrhea is classified as primary or secondary. Secondary amenorrhea is the cessation of menses for 6 months or more in a woman who previously had menstruation.
2. Causes of secondary amenorrhea include hypogonadotropic (decreased FSH and LH), hypergonadotropic (increased FSH and LH), and eugonadotropic (normal FSH and LH) types. Specific causes include hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, and anatomical defects.
3. Prolonged hypogonadism from secondary amenorrhea can lead to decreased bone mineral density
Amenorrhea
amenorrhea is a condition when female do not have regular mensural cycles by puberty or due to any causes this ppt can help the patient and nurses to gain knowledge about this disease process and apply their knowledge into their clinical practices
Amenorrhea
An overview of amenorrhea, including its types, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment
Menstrual dysfunction
Menstrual dysfunction can occur due to issues with the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, or outflow tract. Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation and can be primary, secondary, physiological, or pathological. Specific causes of amenorrhea include issues with the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovaries, or uterus. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common cause of amenorrhea and irregular periods characterized by cysts on the ovaries and increased male hormones.
Amenorrhoea PCOD
This document discusses various causes of delayed puberty and abnormal sexual development, including hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, Kallmann syndrome, central nervous system tumors, and chromosomal abnormalities. It then covers hypergonadotropic hypogonadism conditions like Turner's syndrome and primary ovarian failure. Treatment options are mentioned for specific conditions like vaginal reconstruction for vaginal agenesis or gonadectomy for androgen insensitivity syndrome. Postpartum pituitary necrosis is summarized as causing failing lactation, loss of pubic hair, and secondary amenorrhea due to low levels of hormones like growth hormone, prolactin, and gonadotropins.
Primary amenorrhoea
This document provides a differential diagnosis for primary amenorrhea, which is the absence of menstruation by age 16. It lists various potential etiologies categorized as anatomic abnormalities of the genital tract, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism indicating gonadal failure, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism where the hypothalamus-pituitary axis is affected. It further discusses an approach to evaluating a patient with primary amenorrhea through history, exam, and targeted laboratory and imaging tests to arrive at a diagnosis and guide treatment.
Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as no menstrual periods by age 16. Investigations into primary amenorrhea depend on whether secondary sex characteristics are present or absent. Causes can be physiological, pathological, anatomical, endocrinological, or chromosomal. Common causes include hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, chromosomal abnormalities like Turner's syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen insensitivity syndrome, or müllerian agenesis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include hormone replacement therapy, vaginal dilation, vaginoplasty, or gonadectomy.
Management of primary amenorrhoea
This document summarizes the management of primary amenorrhoea, or the absence of menstruation. It discusses investigating causes if menstruation has not occurred by ages 13 or 15 depending on sexual development. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, with limited therapeutic success, so counseling is important. Disease, malnutrition, and eating disorders like anorexia nervosa may cause amenorrhoea and require treatment. For certain conditions like streak ovaries or Turner syndrome, hormone therapy can help develop secondary sex characteristics or initiate menstrual cycles. Surgical procedures may be needed for vaginal septums or hypothalamic-pituitary tumors. The document provides guidance on hormone regimens for different conditions causing primary amenorrhoea.
Primary amenorrhea and management
Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation. It can be caused by physiological or pathological factors. A thorough evaluation includes obtaining a medical history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests. The history aims to understand pubertal development and identify potential causes like genetic conditions, while the exam evaluates secondary sexual characteristics and external genitalia. Key tests involve hormonal profiles to classify amenorrhea as eugonadotropic, hypergonadotropic, or hypogonadotropic. Further tests like ultrasound, MRI and karyotyping help diagnose conditions like Müllerian agenesis or Turner syndrome. The goal is to understand the underlying pathology and provide appropriate treatment.
Amenorrhoea
This document discusses different classifications and potential causes of amenorrhea. It divides causes into four compartments: compartment I involves issues with the uterus; compartment II involves ovarian issues; compartment III involves the pituitary gland; and compartment IV involves the hypothalamus. Each compartment lists specific conditions that could cause amenorrhea. The document also provides flowcharts outlining evaluations and treatments depending on factors like whether secondary sex characteristics are present, uterine anatomy, and FSH levels.
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Amenorrhea, Mob: 7289915430, www.drpradeepgarg.com
Amenorrhea, Mob: 7289915430, www.drpradeepgarg.com
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Amenorrhea
This clinical document summarizes guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It presents a case study of a patient with primary amenorrhea and pseudohermaphroditism. It then provides definitions of primary and secondary amenorrhea and outlines an approach for diagnosis involving history, physical exam, ultrasound, and laboratory tests. Common causes of amenorrhea are identified and diagnostic and management guidelines are presented.
Amenorrhea made easy slideshare 2015
This document provides an overview of amenorrhea, including:
1. Definitions of primary and secondary amenorrhea and classifications based on cause and presentation.
2. Requirements for normal menstruation including a coordinated neuroendocrine axis and patent reproductive tract.
3. Causes of pathological amenorrhea including hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, gonadal dysgenesis, weight changes, and structural abnormalities of the reproductive tract.
gynaecology.Primary amenorrhea.(dr.sundus)
Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstrual periods. It can be classified based on cause, onset, and presence of secondary sexual characteristics. Primary amenorrhea is the absence of periods by age 16, secondary amenorrhea is the cessation of periods after they have started. Causes include anatomical issues, endocrine disorders, and genetic conditions. Evaluation involves history, exam, hormone levels, imaging, and genetic testing to determine the underlying cause and guide treatment.
Amenorrhea
The document discusses amenorrhea, which is the absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation. It defines physiological and pathological amenorrhea and describes the classification and etiology of primary and secondary amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation by age 16, while secondary amenorrhea is the cessation of established menses for over 6 months. Common causes include hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction, congenital abnormalities, pregnancy, and thyroid or weight issues.
Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of periods by age 14 with no secondary sex changes, or by age 16 regardless of sex changes. Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of periods for 3 or more cycles or 6 months in women with previous regular cycles. Common causes include pregnancy, hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, PCOS, and eating disorders like anorexia nervosa. Workup involves medical history, physical exam, and lab tests of hormones and imaging to determine the underlying cause and guide treatment.
Amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation by age 16, while secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for three or more months. Amenorrhea can be caused by ovulatory issues like genetic abnormalities or acquired uterine issues, or by anovulatory issues involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries, or excess androgen levels. Evaluating a patient for amenorrhea involves taking a medical history and performing an examination and lab tests to diagnose the underlying cause. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, minimizing long-term health effects, and inducing ovulation if desired for pregnancy.
Menstruation and menstrual disorders
This document discusses menstruation and menstrual disorders. It covers the normal hormonal and physical changes that occur in the ovaries, uterus, and hypothalamus during a woman's menstrual cycle. It also describes common menstrual disorders like dysmenorrhea (painful periods), menorrhagia (heavy periods), and amenorrhea (absent periods). The causes, diagnoses, and potential treatments for these disorders are explained.
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3) El examen físico, ecografía pélvica y niveles hormonales son útiles para el diagnóstico, y el tratamiento depende de la causa subyacente.
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The document discusses menstrual cycle disorders, menopause, and drugs in pregnancy and lactation. It covers topics like the menstrual cycle, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), diagnostic criteria for PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD), hormones that contribute to PMS symptoms, vitamins and minerals that can reduce PMS symptoms, and treatments for PMS. It also discusses dysmenorrhea, the difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, and treatments for dysmenorrhea that include NSAIDs and combined oral contraceptives.
Medical investigations in gynecological patients
This document outlines methods for investigating and examining gynecological patients. It discusses obtaining a thorough patient history, performing a physical exam including pelvic and breast exams, conducting diagnostic tests and procedures in the office like STI testing and Pap smears, and ordering diagnostic lab tests. The goal is to properly evaluate, diagnose, and treat women's health issues.
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Clinical Approach to Gynecological Patient (part-1)
The document provides guidance on taking a thorough gynecological history. It emphasizes making the patient comfortable, respecting their privacy and preferences. Key aspects to address include menstrual, sexual, obstetric and medical histories. Presenting complaints should be recorded in detail, including timing, characteristics and associated symptoms. Taking a full history provides important context to understand the patient's condition and concerns.
Practical approach to amenorrhea warda
this is a simple practical approach to the diagnosis of a case of amenorrhea for the general gynecologist.
Amenorrea
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de amenorrea, incluyendo amenorrea primaria y secundaria. La amenorrea primaria se define como la ausencia de la primera menstruación y puede deberse a causas centrales, hipofisarias o periféricas. La amenorrea secundaria ocurre en mujeres que previamente tuvieron reglas y se debe a causas uterinas, ováricas, hipofisarias o hipotalámicas. El documento también clasifica y explica las posibles causas de cada tipo de amenorrea.
How to approch a case of amenorrhea
1) The document discusses how to approach cases of amenorrhea by evaluating the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and ruling out common causes such as pregnancy, thyroid disorders, prolactin disorders, anovulation, outflow tract obstructions, CNS/hypothalamic dysfunction, and drugs/stress/nutrition.
2) It presents several case examples of patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea and suggests diagnoses and next steps such as evaluating for eating disorders, PCOS, Asherman's syndrome, or Sheehan's syndrome.
3) Key factors in evaluating amenorrhea include measuring beta-HCG, TSH, prolactin, doing a progestin challenge
Amenorrhea
Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods and is divided into primary and secondary types. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of periods by age 14 with no sexual development, or by age 16 with normal development. Secondary amenorrhea is defined as missing periods for 3 cycles or 6 months in women who previously menstruated regularly. Potential causes include pregnancy, breastfeeding, medical conditions, eating disorders, excessive exercise, and medications. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and lab tests. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause through lifestyle changes, medication, surgery, or hormone therapy. Nurses educate and counsel patients, and emphasize healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Puberty dr-arshiyasultana-110312042731-phpapp02
Puberty is the transition period between childhood and adulthood that involves physical and hormonal changes. Precocious puberty refers to the onset of puberty before age 8 in girls and age 9 in boys. It can be classified as central, peripheral, or combined based on whether the cause is in the brain or peripheral organs. Diagnosis involves physical exams, hormone tests, imaging, and puberty staging. Treatment depends on the type but may include medication to delay puberty or surgery to remove tumors.
Gyn Infections
This document discusses gynecological infections, including their symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options. It covers common infections like bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), trichomoniasis, atrophic vaginitis, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and gonorrhea. Diagnostic tests include cultures, smears, and exams. Treatments involve antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals depending on the infection. Managing gynecological infections properly is important to prevent complications.
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This document discusses the diagnosis and management of menstrual disorders. It begins by reviewing normal menstrual physiology and providing terminology used to describe different types of menstrual disorders. It then discusses the general approach to taking a history and performing an examination for patients presenting with menstrual complaints. Specific sections cover the evaluation and treatment of dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, amenorrhea, and anovulatory bleeding. Causes and management approaches are provided for different menstrual disorders.
Amenorrea
El documento clasifica los tipos de amenorrea por su fisiopatología, tiempo de aparición y lugar de origen. Describe las causas de la amenorrea primaria y secundaria, incluidas las causas gonadales, hipotalámicas, hipofisarias, ováricas, uterinas, adrenales y tiroideas. También detalla los métodos diagnósticos como la historia clínica, exámen físico, ecografía, determinaciones hormonales y pruebas de estrógenos y progesterona.
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Amenorrhea
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Anterior pituitary: endocinology, hypopituitarism apoplexy etc..
A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior), is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The anterior pituitary regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction and lactation. Proper functioning of the anterior pituitary and of the organs it regulates can often be ascertained via blood tests that measure hormone levels.
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Primary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstruation by age 14 with no secondary sex characteristics or by age 16 with or without secondary sex characteristics. Secondary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstruation for 6 months or more after menstruating previously. The document provides detailed information on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of primary and secondary amenorrhea. For primary amenorrhea, the most common causes are chromosomal abnormalities, hypothalamic hypogonadism, and Mullerian agenesis. The diagnosis involves assessing secondary sex characteristics, family history, laboratory tests of FSH, prolactin and thyroid levels, and imaging tests. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying cause and replacing any
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Amenorrhea
The document discusses amenorrhea, its classification, causes, diagnosis and management. It defines primary amenorrhea as the absence of menstruation by age 16 and secondary amenorrhea as absence of periods for 3 months in a previously menstruating woman. The main causes outlined include hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure, hyperprolactinemia, and weight-related issues. The diagnostic approach involves assessing the history, physical exam, ultrasound and hormonal levels. Management focuses on restoring ovulation if possible, or replacing hormones as needed to prevent health issues.
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This document provides an overview of endocrine system pathology. It discusses various endocrine glands including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pancreas, and adrenal glands. For each gland it covers normal function, pathologies such as tumors and inflammatory conditions, and associated clinical features. It also briefly mentions the pineal gland and discusses feedback systems that regulate hormone production and secretion.
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Central causes of amenorrhea include abnormalities of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, or chromosomes. Amenorrhea can be caused by hypogonadism, enzyme deficiencies, uterine abnormalities like Asherman's syndrome, or secondary ovarian failure. Evaluation of amenorrhea involves checking thyroid, prolactin, human chorionic gonadotropin, and estrogen levels and may include checking follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, karyotype, and magnetic resonance imaging to determine if the cause is hypogonadal, chronic anovulation, outflow tract obstruction, hypogonadotropic, or hypergonadotropic.
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- Adrenal disorders include primary hypoadrenalism (Addison's disease), congenital adrenal hyperplasia, primary hyperaldosteronism, and pheochromocytoma.
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- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is caused by enzyme deficiencies leading to cortisol deficiency and excess androgen production, often causing virilization in females.
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The document provides clinical guidelines for evaluating and managing amenorrhea. It discusses the different types of amenorrhea including primary and secondary. For evaluation, it recommends taking a medical history, physical exam, ultrasound exam, and lab tests to identify potential causes. Common causes discussed include polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid issues, eating disorders, excessive exercise, and genetic conditions. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include hormone replacement therapy or lifestyle changes.
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The document discusses genital tract development and puberty as well as associated disorders. It covers the embryology of the genitourinary tract and defines puberty. It then examines precocious and delayed puberty, their causes, investigations, and treatments. Developmental defects like MRKH syndrome and androgen insensitivity are also reviewed. The most common causes of primary amenorrhea are discussed including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and Turner syndrome. Management strategies are provided.
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Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation that occurs naturally in women between ages 45-55, on average at age 50. It is caused by depletion of ovarian follicles leading to decreased estrogen production and increased FSH and LH levels. Symptoms during perimenopause include irregular periods and during menopause include hot flashes, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. Ayurveda views menopause as a natural stage when vata increases and pitta and kapha decrease. Treatment focuses on balancing vata with pitta- and kapha-pacifying herbs and addressing specific symptoms. Lifestyle practices like following a daily routine and adopting rejuvenating therapies can help adapt
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Hypopituitarism is a condition caused by insufficient production of hormones by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is divided into the anterior and posterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary contains cell types that synthesize important hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins. Hypopituitarism can be caused by developmental defects, tumors, vascular issues, trauma, infections, or autoimmune disorders. Common symptoms depend on which hormones are deficient but may include short stature, weight changes, hypoglycemia, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction. Several genetic syndromes like septo-optic dysplasia, Prader-Willi syndrome, and Kallman syndrome can also cause
HYPOPITUITARISM1.pptx
Hypopituitarism is a clinical syndrome caused by deficiency of pituitary hormones. It can result from disorders of the pituitary gland, hypothalamus or surrounding structures. Common causes include tumors, trauma, radiation injury, infections and autoimmune disorders. Patients present with symptoms related to deficiencies of growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gonadotropins and antidiuretic hormone. Diagnosis involves hormonal blood tests and imaging. Treatment consists of lifelong hormone replacement therapy to replace deficient hormones and mimic normal physiology.
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This document summarizes several endocrine system disorders including hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, Addison's disease, and pituitary adenomas. It provides epidemiological data on certain disorders and describes associated symptoms, diagnostic evaluations, and medical management approaches. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes are also briefly discussed.
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Amenorrhoea Amenorhhea
- 2. PRIMARY AMENORRHOEA Amenorrhoea without sec sex characters • E from ovaries → Breast development • No breast dev – No E → Amenorrhoea ↓ Hypogonadism Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadotrophic
- 3. Hypergonadotrophic Amenorrhoea • 30% have genetic abnormalities • Most common – Turner’s Syndrome – 45 XO (accelerated atresia of follicles) – Short stature – Webbed neck – Shield chest – Cubitus valgus – Associated conditions • Coarctation of aorta • Horse-shoe kidney • Autoimmune thyroiditis
- 4. Hypergonadotrophic Amenorrhoea • Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis – Swyer syndrome – XY female • Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis – Streak gonad & testis • Enzyme Deficiency (Defect in steroid synthesis) – Congenital adrenal hyperplasia • Premature ovarian failure – Galactosemia, chemotherapy, radiation
- 5. Hypogonadotrophic Amenorrhoea • Physiological / Constitutional Delay • Kallman’s Syndrome – Amenorrhoea, sexual infantilism, anosmia • Inflammation, Trauma, Tumour, Vascular lesions • CNS tumour Diagnosis – History, Clinical, Investigation Treatment – Replacement therapy, Surgery
- 6. PRIMARY AMENORRHOEA Amenorrhoea with sec sex characters • Anatomic abnormalities – Obstruction – Absence of uterus(M-R-K-H syndrome) • Assoc with pelvic or horse shoe kidney, double urinary collecting system, skeletal abnormalities
- 7. PRIMARY AMENORRHOEA • Androgen Insensitivity (Testicular feminisation syn) : problem of androgen receptors – Male pseudohermaphrodite – AMH present : no uterus, only blind vagina – Well dev breast with pale areola & immature nipple – Scant or absent pubic / axillary hair
- 8. MANAGEMENT • • • • Removal of obstruction Cervix absent or hypoplastic – TAH Short vagina – Dilatation or reconstruction Gonad containing Y chromosome – Gonadectomy – In androgen insensitivity done after pubertal development
- 9. ASHERMAN’S SYNDROME Endometrial destruction →Sec amenorrhoea Cause : Overzealous curettage, metroplasty, myomectomy, uterine art embolisation Diagnosis : HSG, Hysteroscopy Treatment : D & C, Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis → Foley’s catheter + Oestrogen
- 10. PITUITARY DISORDERS • Tumour – Prolactinoma – Acromegaly, Cushing’s Disease – Craniopharyngioma, meningioma, glioma • Infarction (Sheehan’s Syndrome) • Inflammation • Radiological / Surgical ablation
- 11. PITUITARY TUMOURS • Mechanism of action – Decrease secretion of GnRH – Mass effect • Compression of pituitary stalk and prevent delivery of GnRH • Empty sella syndrome • Diagnosis : S/S specific to hormone Headache, visual symptoms Imaging • Treatment : Dopamine agonist, Surgery
- 12. HYPOTHALAMIC DISORDER • Commonest cause of hypogonadotrophic amenorrhoea • Diagnosed by exclusion of pituitary lesions • Low or normal gonadotrophins • Stress, wt loss, psy disorder, exercise • Ultimate cause – GnRH suppression • LPD → anovulation → amenorrhoea
- 13. GnRH REGULATION • ↓ GnRH – Endogenous opiods, dopamine – CRH – GABA – ↑ Neuropeptide Y – ↓ Leptin • ↑ GnRH – Catecholamines – Acetylcholine
- 14. EFFECT OF BODY FAT • Critical level of body – 17 % for initiation of menses – 22 % for sustaining menses • “ Fat talks to the brain via leptin” • “ When available energy is excessively diverted as in exercise or when insufficient as with eating disorders, reproduction is suspended in order to support essential metabolism for survival”.
- 15. ANOREXIA NERVOSA • Wt loss of 25% or wt below 15% of normal • Intense fear of becoming fat • Altered perception of one’s body image • Amenorrhoea • Food restriction, induced vomitting, laxative use, intense exercise • Cold & heat intolerance, lanugo hair, hypotension, bradycardia, yellow skin,diabetes insipidus, binge eating • Can be life threatening → Psychotherapy