SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 136
Download to read offline
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8
-g]kfn 6]lnsd_
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8,
cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)&!
-@)&@ a};fv ! ut] b]lv nfu"_
k|sfzs
g]kfn 6]lnsd
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no
eb|sfnL Knfhf, sf7df8f}+,
6]=g+= M $@!)!)^, $@!))@!,
$@!))(&, $@!))((, $@!))#)
klxnf] ;+:s/0f, @)&@ c;f/
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8,
cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)&!
ljifo ;"lr
ljlgod ljifo k[i7 ;+=
efu !
k|f/lDes
! ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De 1
@ kl/efiff 1–5
# ljlgodfjnLsf] JofVof 5
efu @
vl/b ;DalGw sfo{ljlw
kl/R5]b–!M vl/b of]hgf tyf vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L
$ vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L ug'{kg]{ 7
% vl/bsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ ug'{kg]{ 7-8
^ jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{kg]{ 8-9
& vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L 9-10
kl/R5]b–@M of]Uotfsf cfwf/, k|fljlws Ifdtf / k|fljlws
:k]l;lkms]zg
* af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf 11
( dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ 12-13
!) lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ 13-14
!! k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ 14-15
!@ k|fljlws ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ 15
!# ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ 15-16
!$ cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf v'Ng] sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg] 16-17
kl/R5]b–#M vl/b ljlw tyf k|ls|of
!% vl/b cfb]zaf6 vl/b ug'{kg]{ 18
!^ vl/b dfu k|fKt ug'{kg]{ 18
!& ah]6 tyf lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf 18
!* dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{ 18-19
!( nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / cBfjlws ug{'kg]{ 19-20
@) lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg 20
@! dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg 21
@@ k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg 21
@# cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg 21-22
@$ nfut cg'dfgsf] :jLs[lt 22
@% :yfoL n]vf gDa/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf;+u
vl/b ug'{kg]{
22
@^ vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ 22-23
@& v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq jf l;naGbL b/efpkq jf k|:tfj cfJxfg u/L
vl/b ug'{kg]{
23
@* crn ;DklQ k|flKt Pj+ vl/b Joj:yf 23-24
@( dfn;fdfg vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf 24
#) 9'jfgL, lSnol/Ë tyf kmjf{l8{Ë ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] Joj:yf 24
#! lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfd u/fpg]
Joj:yf
24-25
#@ cGo ;]jf vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf 25-26
## k|fljlws ;]jf k|flKt tyf vl/b Joj:yf 26-28
#$ sfof{nosf] nflu 3/ hUuf / pks/0f ef8fdf lng] Joj:yf 28-30
#% ;f]e}m vl/b ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf 30-32
#^ ljz]if kl/l:yltdf vl/b ug{] ;DaGwL Joj:yf 32
#& cdfgtaf6 sfd ug]{ 32-33
#* ljlgodfjnL cfslif{t gx'g] 33
kl/R5]b–$M k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ljlw tyf k|ls|of
#( k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] 34
$) v'Nnf ?kdf cfzokq dfu u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{kg]{ 34-35
$! k|:tfj dfu ug]{ 36-38
$@ k|:tfj vf]Ng] 38
$# k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"Nof°g 38-39
$$ d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{ 39
$% cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] 39-40
$^ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg 40
$& k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 41-42
$* k|:tfjbftf;+u jftf{ ug]{ 42-43
$( k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf 43
%) k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug]{ / vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug]{ 43
kl/R5]b–%M l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%! l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd tof/ ug'{kg]{ 44
%@ l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg 44
%# l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fdsf] b:t'/ 45
%$ l;naGbL b/efpkq hdfgt 45
%% l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ tyf vf]Ng] 45
%^ l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] d"NofÍg tyf :jLs[tL 45-46
kl/R5]b–^M k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%& k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ 47
%* k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{kg]{ 47-48
%( k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL cfwf/ :jLs[t u/fpg'kg]{ 48
^) k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ 48-49
^! k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj d"NofÍg 49
^@ of]Uo cfj]bssf] 5gf}6 49-50
kl/R5]b–&M af]nkq sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^# af]nkqsf k|lj|mof / r/0f 51
^$ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{kg]{ 51-56
^% af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] b:t'/ 56-57
^^ af]nkq cfXjfg 57-58
^& cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] af]nkq cfXjfg 58
^* b'O{ r/0fsf] af]nkq cfXjfg 58-59
^( af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ePsf] låljwf af/]sf]
hfgsf/L
59
&) af]nkq k]z ug'{ k"j{sf] a}7s 60
&! af]nkq k]z ug]{ tyf vf]Ng] 60-61
&@ ljb]zLn] af]nkq k]z ubf{ v'nfpg'kg{] s'/fx¿ 61
&# af]nkq lkmtf{ jf ;+zf]wg 61-62
&$ af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw 62
&% af]nkq hdfgt tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt 62-64
kl/R5]b–*M af]nkq k/LIf0f tyf d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Joj:Yff
&^ af]nkqdf sf/jfxL gx'g] 65
&& d"Nof°g ;ldlt 65-66
&* af]nkq k/LIf0f 66-67
&( af]nkq d"NofÍg 67-68
*) af]nkqsf] k|fljlws kIfsf] d"Nof°g 68-69
*! af]nkqsf] Jofkfl/s kIfsf] d"Nof°g 69
*@ af]nkqsf] cfly{s kIfsf] d"Nof°g 69-70
*# lgdf{0f sfo{sf] af]nkqsf] ljz]if d"NofÍg 70-71
*$ k|ltj]bg k]z ug{'kg]{ 71
kl/R5]b–(M af]nkq :jLs[lt / vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
*% af]nkq :jLs[t ug{] clwsf/L / lghsf] st{Jo 72
*^ af]nkq c:jLs[t ug{] jf vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug{] 72-73
*& cg'lrt k|efjdf kfg{ / kg{ gx'g] 73
** af]nkqsf] :jLs[lt / vl/b ;Demf}tf 73-74
*( vl/b ;Demf}tf / ;f]sf zt{x? 74-75
() ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog 75-76
(! aLdf u/fpg' kg{] 76-77
(@ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg 77-78
(# e]l/P;g cfb]z 78-79
($ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf d"No ;dfof]hg 79-80
(% vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk tyf k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf
ug{]
80-81
(^ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{k|ult cg'udg ug{] 81
(& k|fljlwssf] lhDd]jf/L 82
(* sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ 82-83
(( vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo / ;f]sf] pkrf/ 83-84
!)) lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{ tyf ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg] 84-86
!)! ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf 86-87
kl/R5]b–!)M kf/blz{tf tyf cfr/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!)@ sDkgLsf] vl/b sfo{df ;+nUg kbflwsf/Lsf] cfr/0f 88
!)# b/efpkqbftf jf af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] cfr/0f 89
!)$ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg n]lv k7fpg] 90
!)% ;~rf/sf ljlw 91
!)^ ljB'tLo ;~rf/sf] dfWodaf6 vl/b sf/f]af/ x'g ;Sg] 91
!)& vl/b sf/jfxLsf] clen]v /fVg'kg{] 91-92
kl/R5]b–!!M vl/b sf/jfxL jf lg0f{osf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;DaGwL
Joj:yf
!)* vl/b sf/jfxL jf lg0f{osf] k'g/fjnf]sg 93
!)( vl/b sf/jfxL /f]Ssf ug'{kg{] 93-94
kl/R5]b–!@M vl/b ;DaGwL clwsf/
!!) nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg] 95
!!! crn ;DklQ vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 95
!!@ dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 95
!!# 9'jfgL, lSnol/Ë tyf kmjf{l8{Ë ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] 95-96
!!$ lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] 96
!!% cGo ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 96
!!^ k|fljlws ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 96
!!& 3/, uf]bfd, hUuf tyf pks/0f ef8fdf lng ;Sg] 96
!!* ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 96
!!( cdfgtaf6 sfo{ u/fpg] 97
!@) k/fdz{ ;]jf lng ;Sg] 97
!@! ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ tyf ;Demf}tf ;+zf]wg ug]{ 97
!@@ e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 97
!@# Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg] 97-98
!@$ clwsf/ k|of]u, k|Tofof]hg tyf pQ/bfloTj 98
kl/R5]b–!#M vl/b ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
!@% cfo afF8kmfF8sf] ?kdf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf 99-101
!@^ cGo Joj:yf 101
efu #
cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
kl/R5]b–!M of]hgf th'{df, jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6
!@& of]hgf, jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6 tof/ ug'{kg]{ 103
!@* jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 ;~rfng 103
!@( ah]6 /sdfGt/ ug]{ 103-104
!#) jflif{s cfo–Joo ah]6 tyf sfo{s|d k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ 104
!#! sDkgLsf] k|fljlws / Jofj;flos Ifdtf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{ 104
kl/R5]b–@M cfDbfgL tyf vr{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
!#@ cfDbfgL tyf w/f}6L /sd a}Í bflvnf ug'{kg]{ 105
!## vftf ;~rfng 105
!#$ sDkgLn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx?sf] dxz'n b/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf 105-106
!#% cGt/cfj4tf tyf 6«flkms cfo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf 106-107
!#^ /fhZj sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf 107
!#& nufgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf 107-108
!#* vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf 108
!#( ;fgf] gubL sf]if 108
!$) k]ZsL lbg] tyf km5{of}6 ug]{ 108-109
kl/R5]b–#M sDkgLsf] ;DklQsf] lhDdf, To;sf] nut, ;+/If0f /
a/a'emf/y
!$! sDkgLsf] ;DklQsf] lhDdf, To;sf] nut / ;+/If0f 110
!$@ dfn;fdfgsf] k|flKt, lgsf;f, x:tfGt/0f tyf clGtd df}Hbftsf]
d"NofÍg
110-111
!$# dfn;fdfgsf] df}Hbftsf] lg/LIf0f / ljj/0f 111-112
!$$ a/a'emf/y ug]{ 112-113
kl/R5]b–$M n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f / a]?h' km5of}{6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf
!$% lx;fa lstfa 114
!$^ sf/f]af/sf] n]vf /fVg] 114-115
!$& cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] 115
!$* n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] 115
!$( cfo ;'lglZrttfsf] k/LIf0f u/fpg] 116
!%) sfo{ ;Dkfbg k/LIf0f u/fpg] 116
!%! k|fljlws k/LIf0f u/fpg] 116
!%@ n]vf g/fVg], k|ltj]bg k]z gug]{, n]vfk/LIf0f jf cGo k/LIf0f
gu/fpg]nfO{ sf/jfxL x'g]
117
!%# a]?h' clen]v tyf km5of}{6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf 117
!%$ a]?h' km5of}{6, d"Nof°g / cg'udg ;ldlt 117-118
!%% n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt 118-119
!%^ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ 119-120
kl/R5]b–%M st{Jo tyf pQ/bfloTj
!%& sfof{no k|d'vsf] pQ/bfloTj 121
!%* n]vf k|d'vsf] pQ/bfloTj 121-122
kl/R5]b–^M ljljw
!%( lnnfd ug{] tyf w'Nofpg] Joj:yf 123-125
!^) ldGxf lbg] Joj:yf 125-126
!^! cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL clwsf/ 126
!^@ sldl6 u7g ug]{ tyf ;+of]hs tf]Sg] 126
!^# ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ug{'kg{] 127
!^$ clu|d cfos/ sl§ gu/]sf]df hjfkmb]xL 127
!^% ;jf/L nua's 127
!^^ dfu kmf/fd 127
!^& cGo cfly{s Joj:yf 127
!^* vf/]hL tyf arfp 127
1
g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8, cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)&!
;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L
sDkgL P]g @)^# sf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqsf] bkmf $ sf] v08 -5_ sf] pkv08
-@%_ ;d]tsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8 ;~rfns ;ldltn]
b]xfosf] ljlgodx? agfPsf] 5 .
efu–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ oL ljlgodx?sf] gfd æg]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL
lnld6]8, cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)&!Æ /x]sf] 5 .
-@_ of] ljlgodfjnL ;Dat @)&@ ;fnsf] j}zfv ! ut] b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ljlgodfjnLdf,–
-s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] sDkgL P]g, @)^# ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ ævl/b P]gÆ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æsDkgLÆ eGgfn] P]g cGtu{t ul7t g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL
lnld6]8 ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sDkgLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no,
lgb]{zgfno, ljefu / sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .
-3_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ æcWoIfÆ eGgfn] ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ ;b:o ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-r_ æ;b:oÆ eGgfn] ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / ;f] cGtu{t /x]sf
5'§} k|zf;sLo sfo{If]q tf]lsPsf lgb]{zgfno, cfof]hgf, ljefu jf
OsfO{x? ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æn]vf sfof{noÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jf
lgb]{zgfnoaf6 lgsf;f k|fKt u/L cfo Joo b'j}sf] lx;fa /fvL
;Gt'ng k/LIf0f (Trial Balance) tyf cGo cfly{s ljj/0f ;lxt
tfn's sfof{nodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ bfloTj ePsf] sfof{no
;Demg' k5{ .
-em_ ætfn's sfof{noÆ eGgfn] ;DalGwt sfof{noeGbf dflyNnf] txsf]
sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ æk|aGw lgb{]zsÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k|aGw lgb]{zs ;Demg' k5{ /
;f] zAbn] sDkgLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ k|aGw
;~rfns ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
2
-6_ æsfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v eO{ sfd
ug]{ sd{rf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-7_ æljefuLo k|d'vÆ eGgfn] gfoa k|aGw lgb]{zs, lgb]{zs tyf bzf}+
tx / ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] txsf sfof{no k|d'v ;Demg' k5{ .
-8_ æcfly{s jif{Æ eGgfn] ;fpg ! ut]b]lv csf]{ ;fnsf] c;f/
d;fGt;Ddsf] cjlw ;Demg' k5{ .
-9_ æclwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] of] ljlgodfjnL jf o; cGtu{t
hf/L cfb]z / lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd vl/b ;DaGwL sfo{ :jLs[t ug{
clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ .
-0f_ æPs tx dflysf] clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] If]qLo lgb]{zgfno cGtu{tsf
n]vf sfof{nosf] xsdf ;DalGwt If]qLo lgb]{zgfno k|d'v,
lgb]{zgfno cGtu{tsf ljefu jf sfof{nosf] xsdf ;DalGwt
lgb]{zgfno k|d'v tyf If]qLo lgb]{zgfno, lgb]{zgfno / ljefusf]
xsdf k|aGw lgb]{zs / k|aGw lgb{]zssf] xsdf ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg'
k5{ .
-t_ ævl/bÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g}
dfn;fdfg, crn ;DklQ, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf jf cGo
;]jf k|fKt ug]{ jf 9'jfgL tyf lSnol/Ë sfo{ u/fpg] jf s'g}
lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ jf u/fpg] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-y_ ævl/b ;Demf}tfÆ eGgfn] sDkgL / cfk"lt{stf{ jf lgdf{0f
Joj;foL jf k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jfk|bfos aLr o; ljlgodfjnL
adf]lhd ePsf] vl/b tyf k|flKt ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf ;Demg' k5{ .
-b_ ædfn;fdfgÆ eGgfn] rn jf crn h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] j:t'
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] j:t' cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{sf] cfg'iflËs
-;xfos_ ;]jf tyf ;km6j]o/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-w_ æcrn ;DklQÆ eGgfn] hUuf, 3/, ejg jf o:t} k|sf/sf ;+/rgf
;Demg' k5{ .
-g_ ælgdf{0f sfo{Æ eGgfn] s'g} ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{, k'gM
lgdf{0f ug]{, eTsfpg], dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ jf lh0ff{]4f/ ug]{ sfo{;+u
;DalGwt lgdf{0f :yn tof/ ug]{, vGg], 78ofpg], agfpg],
pks/0f jf dfn;dfg h8fg ug]{, ;hfpg] cflb h:tf sfo{
;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] gS;f agfpg], k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f ug]{,
e"pku|xLo kmf]6f] lvRg], e"sDkLo k/LIf0f ug]{ h:tf lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
cfg'iflËs -;xfos_ ;]jf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-k_ æk/fdz{ ;]jfÆ eGgfn] s'g} cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;e]{If0f, l8hfOg,
8«O{Ë, ;'k/Lj]If0f, tfnLd, k/LIf0f ug]{ sfd, ;km6j]o/sf] ljsf;
jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo af}l4s jf k]zfut ;]jf ;Demg' k5{ .
3
-km_ æk|fljlws ;]jfÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{sf]
nflu hl8t k|ljlwdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf cTofjZos x'g] k|fljlws ;]jf
sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /f]ldË 8f6f lSnol/Ë, kmfOgflG;on
lSnol/Ë, P;=Pd=P;= xlaË, l;UglnË lnÍ h:tf ;]jf sfo{
;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-a_ æcGo ;]jfÆ eGgfn] ;jf/L ;fwg, pks/0f jf dfn;fdfg ef8fdf
lng] tyf dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] sfof{no ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos ;]jfx? ;'/Iff,
lr¶Lkq cf];f/ k;f/, kmf]6f]skL, rd]gfu[x, sfof{no tyf pks/0f
;/;kmfO{, au}+rf ;Def/, lj1fkg ;]jf, Jofkf/ k|jB{g tyf ahf/
Joj:yfkg ;]jf tyf cGo k|zf;lgs ;]jfx? ;lxt :yfgLo ?kdf
k|fKt ul/g] ;]jfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .
-e_ æk|f]k|fO{6/L dfn;fdfgÆ eGgfn] sDkgLdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] d'Vo
oGq jf pks/0f jf k|ljlwnfO{ k"0f{ Ifdtfdf ;~rfng ug{ jf
;f]sf] u'0f, kl/df0f tyf ljz]iftfsf] :t/f]GgtL (Upgrade) ug{ jf
dd{t ;Def/ ug{sf] lgldQ To:tf] oGq jf pks/0f jf k|ljlw
lgdf{tfn] agfPsf] oGq, pks/0f, ;xfos pks/0f, ;km6jo/,
xf8{jo/ tyf kf6{k"hf{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-d_ æk|f]k|fO{6/L ;]jfÆ eGgfn] sDkgLdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] s'g} oGq,
k|ljlw jf k|0ffnLdf To:tf] oGq, k|ljlw jf k|0ffnLsf] cfk"lt{stf{ jf
;]jf k|bfosaf6 lng cfjZos kg]{ ;xfos ;]jf ;Demg' k5{ .
-o_ æcdfgtÆ eGgfn] sDkgL cfkm}+n] ug]{ s'g} lgdf{0f, dd{t / h8fg
;DaGwL sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-/_ æljz]if kl/l:yltÆ eGgfn] ;'Vvf, cgfj[li6, cltj[li6, e"sDk,
af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL h:tf k|fs[lts jf b}jL k|sf]k tyf
cfsl:ds jf ck|Toflzt ljz]if sf/0faf6 ;[lht kl/l:ylt ;Demg'
k5{ / ;f] zAbn] o'¢ jf cfGtl/s åGb h:tf kl/l:ylt ;d]tnfO{
hgfpg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M æcfsl:ds jf ck|Toflzt ljz]if sf/0faf6 ;[lht
kl/l:yltÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;s]sf] / cfsl:ds
?kdf ;[hgf ePsf] cj:yfsf] sf/0f sDkgLsf] ;]jf cj?4
x'g;Sg] jf ;]jf k|jfxdf uDeL/ c;/ kg{ ;Sg] kl/l:ylt ;Demg'
k5{ .
-n_ æl;naGbL b/efpkqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;"rgf adf]lhd s'g}
lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ jf dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf pknAw u/fpgsf]
nflu O{R5's JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] l;naGbL vfdleq
d"No ;d]t pNn]v u/L k]z u/]sf] ljj/0f ;Demg' k5{ .
4
-j_ æb/efpkqbftfÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng
l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ jf ug{ ;Sg] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf
jf sDkgL ;Demg'k5{ .
-z_ æaf]nkqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] vl/bsf nflu k|sfzg u/]sf] ;"rgf
cg'?k tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf af]nkqbftfn] k]z u/]sf] d"No v'Ng]
sfuhft, k|:tfj jf b//]6 ;Demg' k5{ .
-if_ æaf]nkqbftfÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng
af]nkq k]z ug]{ jf ug{ ;Sg] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL
;Demg' k5{ .
-;_ æaf]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftÆ eGgfn] af]nkqbftfn] d"No jf k|:tfj
jf b//]6 e/L jf tof/ u/L k]z ug{sf nflu af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{
;DaGwLt sfof{non] tof/ u/]sf] lnvt ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
af]nkqbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg, :k]lzlkms]zg, gS;f, l8hfOg,
sfo{If]qut zt{x? (Terms of Reference), sfo{tflnsf,
d"NofÍgsf cfwf/x?, kl/df0f ;"rL, ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? / o:t}
cGo sfuhft ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-x_ æhdfgtÆ eGgfn] lglZrt zt{sf] clwgdf /xL s'g} sfd 6'ªuf]
gnfu];Dd ;'/If0f jfkt /flvPsf] ;'/If0f hdfgt /sd -l/6]G;g
dgL jf cg]{i6dgL jf w/f}6L ;d]t_ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
af]nkq hdfgt (Bid Bond/ Security) jf sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt
(Performance Bond/ Security) jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] ;'/If0f /fVg'
kg]{df ;f] jfkt /flvPsf] /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-If_ æ;+o'Qm pkj|md (Joint Venture)Æ eGgfn] b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L
sDkgL jf kmd{x? ldnL ;+o'Qm jf 5'§f5'§} bfloTj ;lxt s'g} sfd
ug]{ sfo{nfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-q_ æPh]G6Æ eGgfn] s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf
sDkgLsf] Ph]G;L lng] JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ .
-1_ æsaf]n c+s (Bid Price)Æ eGgfn] s'g} af]nkqbftfn] af]nkqdf
saf]n u/]sf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ .
-ss_æd"NoflÍt cÍ (Evaluated Price)Æ eGgfn] s'g} af]nkqsf] k/LIf0f
tyf d"NofÍgaf6 sfod x'g cfPsf] d"Nosf] s'n cÍ ;Demg' k5{ .
-sv_ æd"NofÍg ;ldltÆ eGgfn] ljlgod && adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt ;Demg'
k5{ .
-su_ æ;Demf}tf d"No (Contract Price)Æ eGgfn] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf
plNnlvt vl/b d"No ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] ;Demf}tf
cGtu{t e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf]df To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd
ePsf] sfd gfk hfFr ubf{ sfod ePsf] d"No / d"No ;dfof]hg
5
ePsf]df To:tf] ;dfof]hgaf6 sfod ePsf] vl/b d"NonfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
#= ljlgodfjnLsf] JofVof M o; ljlgodfjnL / o; ljlgodfjnL cGtu{t hf/L
ul/Psf cfb]zx?sf] JofVof ;DaGwL s'g} k|Zg p7]df ;ldltn] u/]sf] JofVof
sDkgLsf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] nflu clGtd x'g]5 .
6
efu–@
vl/b ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
7
kl/R5]b–!
vl/b of]hgf tyf vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L
$= vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn] s'g} vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L ubf{ b]xfo
adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ vl/b cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug]{,
-v_ vl/b ;DaGwL ljleGg k|fljlws s'/f ;dfwfg ug{ / cfk"lt{stf{sf]
pknAwtf olsg ug{ ahf/df k|rlnt vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] hfgsf/L
lng],
-u_ cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;dfg k|s[ltsf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf
k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ul/Psf] eP To:tf] vl/b
k|lqmofsf] cWoog ug]{,
-3_ vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{ u/fpg],
-ª_ vl/bnfO{ ;'ljwfhgs ;d"xdf ljefhg ug]{ jf Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z
ug{],
-r_ vl/bsf] ljj/0f, kl/df0f / If]q olsg ug]{,
-5_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] :k]l;lkms]zg,
of]hgf, gS;f, l8hfOg nufotsf ljj/0f tof/ ug{],
-h_ vl/bsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{,
-em_ vl/bsf] cfly{s ;|f]t / /sdsf] klxrfg ug]{,
-`_ vl/b ljlwsf] 5gf}6 ug]{, /
-6_ of]Uotfsf cfwf/ to ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f] ug]{ .
%= vl/bsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLdf bL3{sflng k|efj kg{ ;Sg] of]hgf
jf cfof]hgfsf] nflu vl/b ubf{ jf jflif{s kRrL; s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L /sdsf]
vl/b sfo{ ubf{ vl/bsf] u'?of]hgf (Master Procurement Plan) tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] u'?of]hgfdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf
s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 M–
-s_ vl/bsf] k|sf/, kl/df0f / df]6fdf]6L cg'dflgt d"No,
-v_ vl/b ljlw,
-u_ vl/bnfO{ ljleGg r/0fdf ul/g] jf Kofs]h agfOg] eP ;f]
;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-3_ vl/bsf] nflu k"j{ of]Uotfsf] sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] ;DaGwL s'/f,
-ª_ vl/b sf/jfxLsf] df]6fdf]6L ;do tflnsf, /
-r_ u'?of]hgfdf /fVg'kg]{ egL ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]sf
s'/fx? .
8
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] u'?of]hgf ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[t u'?of]hgf ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] vl/b
OsfO{n] k|To]s cfly{s jif{ cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
^= jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] jflif{s Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L
/sdsf] s'g} vl/b jf k|flKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf jflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 tof/ ubf{
jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L vl/b of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ljlgod %
adf]lhd vl/bsf] u'? of]hgf ;d]t tof/ ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] u'? of]hgfsf]
;d]t cfwf/ lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s vl/b of]hgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx?
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ vl/bsf] k|sf/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-v_ vl/b sf/jfxLsf] ;do tflnsf,
-u_ vl/b ljlw,
-3_ vl/bsf] nflu ul/g] ;Demf}tfsf] lsl;d, /
-ª_ jflif{s vl/b of]hgfdf /fVg' kg]{ egL ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf
lgwf{/0f u/]sf s'/fx? .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;do tflnsfdf b]xfosf] sfd
ug]{ ;dofjlw pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 M–
-s_ :k]l;lkms]zg, 8«OË, l8hfOg, gS;f nufotsf ljj/0f tof/ ug]{,
-v_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{,
-u_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd, k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj jf af]nkq jf
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug{],
-3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq cfXjfg jf
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj dfu ug{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{,
-ª_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{
;]jfsf] k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{,
-r_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{
;]jfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[lt ug{],
-5_ ;Demf}tf ug]{,
-h_ sfo{ cf/De ug{], /
-em_ sfo{ k"/f ug{] .
-$_ sfof{no k|d'vn] o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd tof/ u/]sf] jflif{s vl/b
of]hgfsf] Ps Ps k|lt cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] cg'dflgt jflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6
;fy ;+nUg u/L tfn's sfof{no / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
9
-%_ k|aGw lgb]{zsn] rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] :jLs[t sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 k|fKt
ePkl5 ;f] cg'?k of] ljlgod adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] jflif{s vl/b of]hgf kl/dfh{g
ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t u/L :jLs[tLsf] nflu ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ tfn's sfof{non] vl/b sf/jfxL jflif{s vl/b of]hgf adf]lhd lgwf{l/t
;dodf ;DkGg eP gePsf] cg'udg ug{' kg]{5 .
&= vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L M -!_ o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{
tyf o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L vl/b ;DaGwL cGo ;a} sfo{
ug]{ jf u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L k|aGw lgb]{zssf] x'g]5 .
-@_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd vl/b ;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ vl/b sfo{
;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] jf tflnd k|fKt u/]sf] sd{rf/Laf6 u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ sDkgLn] b]xfosf] sfd ug{sf] nflu Pp6f vl/b OsfO{sf] :yfkgf ug'{
kg]{ jf ;f]sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ vl/b dfu ;+sng u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L
;dIf k]z ug{] / vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{,
-v_ sDkgLn] tof/ u/]sf] gd"gf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft (Standard
Bidding Document), gd"gf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft
(Standard Pre-qualification Document), gd"gf k|:tfj dfu
;DaGwL sfuhft (Standard Request for Proposal) / gd"gf vl/b
;Demf}tf ;DaGwL sfuhft (Standard Contract Document) df
cfjZostf cg';f/ x]/k]m/ u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft, k"j{
of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft, k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL
sfuhft / vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug]{,
-u_ vl/b ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{,
-3_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft, af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft ljt/0f
ug]{ jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft k7fpg],
-ª_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj k|fKt ug]{
/ To;nfO{ ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg],
-r_ kg{ cfPsf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
k|:tfj d"NofÍgsf] nflu d"NofÍg ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ / d"NoflÍt
af]nkq :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug]{,
-5_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj
:jLs[ltsf] ;"rgf lbg],
-h_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt lng] / To;sf] k/LIf0f u/L ;'/lIft tl/sfn]
/fVg],
-em_ vl/b u/]sf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f
ug]{ u/fpg],
10
-`_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] dfu u/]sf] hfgsf/L /
sfuhft pknAw u/fpg],
-6_ vl/b sf/jfxL;Fu ;DalGwt sfddf ;dGjo ug{],
-7_ k|lttkq (Letter of Credit or Documentary Credit), sfo{
;Dkfbg hdfgt (Performance Bond) tyf af]nkq jf l;naGbL
b/efpkq jf k|:tfj hdfgt (Bid Bond) sf] clen]v /fVg], /
-8_ sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] sfd ubf{ jf u/fpFbf vl/b O{sfO{ jf ;f]sf]
lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] OsfO{n] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
11
kl/R5]b–@
of]Uotfsf cfwf/, k|fljlws Ifdtf / k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg
*= af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf M -!_ af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] vl/b
;Demf}tf k|fKt ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5M–
-s_ af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotfsf
cfwf/ jf vl/bsf] nflu k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] sf/jfxL
rnfOPsf]df k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotfsf
cfwf/, /
-v_ k|:tfjbftfn] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotfsf
cfwf/ .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL
sfuhftdf of]Uotfsf cfwf/ pNn]v ubf{ k]zfut / k|fljlws of]Uotf, pks/0fsf]
pknAwtf, ljutsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg, laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] Joj:yf, hu]8f kf6{k"hf{sf]
pknAwtf, sfg"gL ;Ifdtf, ljQLo ;|f]t / cj:yf, k]zfut s;"/ u/] jfktsf]
;hfo / o:t} cGo cfwf/x? pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd cfwf/ pNn]v ubf{ s'g} vf; ju{sf lgdf{0f
Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosn] dfq efu lng kfpg] jf s'g}
vf; ju{sf lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosn] efu lng
gkfpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-$_ af]nkq, k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, k/fdz{ ;]jf / k|fljlws ;]jfsf] k|:tfj
d"NofÍg ubf{ qmdzM af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft, k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft /
k|:tfj dfu ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt cfwf/ adf]lhd dfq d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5
/ To:tf cfwf/x? s'g} e]befj lagf ;a} af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;dfg
?kn] nfu" x'g] 5g .
-%_ o; ljlgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;f7L nfv
?k}ofFeGbf sd nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df s'g} of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ul/g]
5}g .
-^_ af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] k]z u/]sf] of]Uotf ;DaGwL ljj/0f tYout
?kdf e'm¶f jf ;f/e't ?kdf ck'/f] ePsf] kfOPdf sDkgLn] s'g} klg ;dodf
To:tf] af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ cof]Uo 7x/fpg ;Sg]5 . t/ ;fgfltgf q'6L
ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L
dfu u/L ;Rofpg ;lsg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkljlgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;fgfltgf q'6LÆ eGgfn] af]nkq
;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt ljj/0f;Fu tflTjs ?kdf leGg gx'g] eflifs cz'l4
h:tf q'6L ;Demg' k5{ .
12
(= dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ M -!_ dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{
;DaGwL vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] af]nkqbftfsf] jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf]
of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ sDkgLn] b]xfosf s'/fx? dWo] cfjZostfg';f/ s'g}
jf ;a} s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k|fljlws Ifdtf,
-v_ dfn;fdfg pTkfbg ;DaGwL clen]v (Manufacturing Record),
-u_ dfn;fdfgsf] k|fljlws ljj/0f (Technical Specification),
-3_ cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf,
-ª_ dfn;fdfg h8fg ug{'kg]{ ePdf h8fg sfo{df ;+nUg x'g]
k|fljlwssf] bIftf,
-r_ cfk"lt{ x'g] dfn;fdfg vf; cjlw;Dd ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng x'G5
eGg] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt,
-5_ dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/sf] Joj:yf,
-h_ ;]jf / hu]8f kf6{k"hf{sf] pknAwtf,
-em_ h8fg ;d]t ug'{kg]{ u/L dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ cfk"lt{stf{sf]
xsdf lghsf] ;Lk, lgk"0f{tf, cg'ej / ljZj;lgotf,
-`_ sDkgLn] cfjZos 7fg]sf cGo s'/fx? .
-@_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf / k|fljlws
Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{ sDkgLn] dfn;fdfgsf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f,
dxTj jf k|of]u cg';f/ b]xfosf dWo] s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ af]nkqbftfn] ljut sDtLdf tLg jif{sf] cjlwdf cGo ;+ul7t
;+:yfnfO{ cfk"lt{ u/]sf] dfn;fdfgsf] k|sl[t, kl/df0f, ;Demf}tf
/sd, ldlt / To:tf] ;+:yfsf] gfd tyf 7]ufgf,
-v_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg hl6n jf c;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf] ePdf
sDkgL cfk}+mn] jf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 af]nkqbftf ;+:yflkt ePsf]
b]zsf] cflwsfl/s lgsfon] lghsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf hfFr u/]sf]
sfuhft,
-u_ cflwsfl/s u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ;+:yf jf dfGotf k|fKt lgsfon]
vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfgsf] lg/LIf0f u/L To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf]
:k]l;lkms]zg / u'0f:t/ ;DaGwdf lbPsf] k|df0fkq,
-3_ cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfgsf] cflwsfl/stf k|dfl0ft ug{ cfjZos
kg]{ gd"gf, k'/s ljj/0f jf kmf]6f]x?,
-ª_ ;a–sG6«fS6/af6 u/fpg rfx]sf] sfdsf] cg'kft .
-#_ cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfg af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftf
cfkmF}n] gagfpg] jf pTkfbg gug]{ ePdf To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] pTkfbsn] af]nkq
jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] nflu k|:tfj k]z ug]{, dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ / h8fg ug]{ ;DaGwL
clwsf/ cfkm"nfO{ /Ltk"j{s k|bfg u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft af]nkqbftf jf
k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
13
-$_ g]kfnleq Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;~rfng gePsf] af]nkqbftf jf
k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfn] lghn] vl/b ;emf}tf k|fKt u/]df To:tf] ;Demf}tf
adf]lhd cfk"lt{ ul/Psf] dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ ug]{, laqmL kZrftsf] ;]jf k|bfg
ug]{ tyf cfjZos hu]8f kf6{k"hf{ df}Hbft /fvL cfk"lt{ ug]{ ;DaGwL bfloTj lgjf{x
ug{ ;Sg] lghsf] Ph]G6 jf clws[t ljs|]tf g]kfndf /xg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{
sfuhft k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
!)= lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ M -!_ sDkgLn] ;f7L nfv ?k}ofFeGbf dflysf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DaGwL vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf]
k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f dWo] cfjZostfg';f/
s'g} jf ;a} s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ d'Vo ;Demf}tfstf{ (Prime Contractor) eO{ Psnf}6L ?kdf sfd
u/]sf] jf Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tf u/L sfd u/]sf] jf ;+o'Qm
pkj|mdsf] ;fem]bf/ jf ;a–sG6«fS6/sf] ?kdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ej,
-v_ Psnf}6L ?kdf sfd ;DkGg u/]sf] jf ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf]
;fem]bf/sf] x}l;otn] sfd u/]sf] ;d]t u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] ;Ldf
jf ;f]eGbf a9L /sdsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Go"gtd ;/b/ jflif{s
sf/f]af/,
t/, /fli6«o:t/df v'nf af]nkq cfXjfg ul/Psf] cj:yfdf ljut
bz jif{sf] sf/f]af/ dWo]sf] s'g} tLg jif{sf] clwstd ;/b/
jflif{s sf/f]af/nfO{ cfwf/ lnOg]5 .
-u_ k|:tfljt vl/b ;Demf}tf;+u d]n vfg] k|s[lt, hl6ntf / lgdf{0f
k|ljlwsf vl/b ;Demf}tf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf
;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] ;+Vofdf ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg
u/]sf] ljz]if cg'ej,
-3_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ug{sf] nflu cfjZos
/sd e'QmfgL gkfpg] jf kfpg l9nfO{ x'g] cj:yfdf k|:tfljt
lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;DalGwt af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf]
k|:tfjbftfn] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] jf ;~rfng ug{ k|ltj4tf
hgfPsf] cGo lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ gub
k|jfxsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] t/n ;DklQ, shf{ ;'ljwf / cGo
ljQLo ;|f]t -s'g} vl/b ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] k]ZsL /sd afx]s_
pknAw ePsf] jf To:tf] ;DklQsf] ;|f]tdf kx'Fr ePsf] cfly{s /
ljQLo Ifdtf,
-ª_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf bIf hgzlQm,
14
-r_ af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] cfkmg} :jfldTjdf
/x]sf] jf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt cjlwe/ lgjf{w ?kdf
pkof]u ug{;Sg] u/L ef8f, lnh, ;Demf}tf jf cGo Joj;flos
dfWodaf6 pknAw x'g] rfn' xfntsf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft
jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf d'Vo
pks/0f .
-@_ /fli6«o lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] xsdf pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf]
/sd u0fgf ubf{ d"No clej[l4 s/ jfktsf] /sd s6fO{ x'g cfpg] /sd dfq
u0fgf ul/g]5 / To:tf] /sdnfO{ g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] cBfjlws d"No ;"rsfÍ
cg';f/ ;dfof]hg ul/g]5 .
-#_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{
sDkgLn] af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|s[lt cg';f/
b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ljut bz jif{sf] cjlwdf lghn] ;DkGg u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
d"No, ldlt / sfo{ :ynsf] ljj/0f,
-v_ lghn] ;a–sG6«fS6/ dfk{mt u/fpg rfx]sf] k|:tfljt sfdsf]
cg'kft / of]Uotfsf] cfwf/,
-u_ k|:tfljt sfd ;DkGg ug{sf nflu lgh;Fu ePsf k|fljlws
pks/0f / KnfG6sf] ljj/0f .
!!= k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ M -!_ sDkgLn] k/fdz{ ;]jf ;DaGwL
vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf
s'g} jf ;a} s'/f ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k|:tfjbftf JolQm eP lghsf] / kmd{ jf ;+:yf eP cfjZos
;+:yfut sfo{ cg'ej,
-v_ k|:tfjbftfsf] d'Vo d'Vo sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf /
p:t} k|s[ltsf] sfo{sf] cfjZos cg'ej,
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf, sfo{ljlw, sfo{If]qut zt{ k|ltsf]
k|efju|flxtf (Responsiveness to Terms of Reference), k|ljlw
x:tfGt/0f / ;do tflnsf,
-3_ k|:tfjbftfsf] Joj:yfkg Ifdtf,
-ª_ k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s Ifdtf,
-r_ cGt/f{li6«o :t/af6 k|:tfj dfu ul/Psf] ePdf :jb]zL
hgzlQmsf] ;xeflutf, /
-5_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] cGo s'/f .
-@_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf
k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{ k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf]
s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
15
-s_ ljut bz jif{sf] cjlwdf k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jf;Fu ldNg]
k|s[ltsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs jf lghL ;+:yf,
/sd / ldlt v'Ng] ljj/0f,
-v_ k|:tfljt sfd ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf d'Vo
sd{rf/Lsf] of]Uotf ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-u_ lghsf] ljut tLg jif{sf Joj:yfksLo sd{rf/L / ;/b/ jflif{s
hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f, /
-3_ ;a–sG6«fS6/ dfk{mt k|bfg ug{ rfx]sf] k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
c+z / of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ .
!@= k|fljlws ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ M -!_ sDkgLn] k|fljlws ;]jf
vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf
s'g} jf ;a} s'/f ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] sfo{ cg'ej,
-v_ k|:tfjbftfsf] u|fxs cfwf/ jf g]6js{,
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf, sfo{ljlw, sfo{If]qut zt{ k|ltsf]
k|efju|flxtf, sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;do tflnsf,
-3_ k|:tfjbftfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf,
-ª_ k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s Ifdtf,
-r_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] cGo s'/f .
-@_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtfsf]
cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ k|:tfljt k|fljlws ;]jfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf] s'g} jf ;a}
sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ ljut sDtLdf tLg jif{sf] cjlwdf k|:tfljt ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf]
;+:yfsf] ljj/0f,
-v_ k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf d'Vo sd{rf/L
tyf pks/0fx?sf] ljj/0f,
-u_ ljut tLg jif{sf Joj:yfksLo sd{rf/L / ;/b/ jflif{s
hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f .
!#= ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ M -!_ s'g} vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] k|of]hgsf]
nflu af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfx?n] Ps ;+o'Qm pkj|md agfO{ af]nkq k]z ug{
;Sg]5g .
t/, Ps af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ;fem]bf/ jf
JolQmut dWo] s'g} Pp6f dfq af]nkq jf k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+o'Qm pkj|mddf /xg] ;fem]bf/sf]
Go"gtd lx:;f / d'Vo ;fe]mbf/ tyf cGo ;fe]mbf/sf] Go"gtd of]Uotf af]nkq jf
k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
16
-#_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ubf{ To:tf]
pkj|mddf /xg] ;fem]bf/sf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/f ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ lghsf] ;/b/ jflif{s sf/f]af/,
-v_ lghsf] ljz]if cg'ej / lghn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] k|d'v sfo{,
-u_ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ lgh;Fu ePsf] gub k|jfx,
-3_ lghsf] hgzlQm ;DaGwL Ifdtf,
-ª_ lghsf] cf}hf/ jf pks/0f ;DaGwL Ifdtf .
-$_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkj|mdn] af]nkq jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt
Go"gtd of]Uotfsf cfwf/x? k"/f u/] gu/]sf] olsg ug{sf] nflu To:tf] pkj|mdsf]
;a} ;fem]bf/sf] of]Uotf u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ sDkgLn] ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ;fem]bf/sf] JolQmut of]Uotfsf] cfwf/
lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt sfddf lghsf] cg'ej,
-v_ cGo ;Demf}tf adf]lhd lghn] ul//x]sf] jf ug]{ sfd ;DkGg ug{
cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]tsf] kof{Kttf,
-u_ ljQLo ;Ifdtf,
-3_ ljutsf lgh ;+nUg /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs vl/b ;DaGwL d'2f dfldnf
/ ;f]sf] glthf .
-^_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkj|md vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePdf sDkgLn]
To:tf] ;+o'Qm pkj|mdnfO{ ;f] pkj|mddf ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf ;fem]bf/sf] JolQmut /
;f] pkj|mdsf] ;femf bfloTj ;d]t /xg] u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf :yfoL
n]vf gDa/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkj|mdn] af]nkq jf k|:tfj k]z ubf{ af]nkq jf k|:tfj
hdfgt ;d]t k]z ug{' kg]{ ePdf To:tf] hdfgt pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+o'Qm
pkj|mdsf ;j} ;fem]bf/sf] gfddf / ;a} ;fem]bf/sf] bfloTj x'g] u/L] hf/L ul/Psf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
-*_ ;+o'Qm pkj|md ;DaGwL cGo zt{ af]nkq jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL
sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!$= cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf v'Ng] sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]M -!_ af]nkq ;DaGwL
sfuhftdf af]nkqbftfsf] cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{
sDkgLn] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf dWo] s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-s_ lghsf] a}Í :6]6d]06,
-v_ lghsf] Joj;fo ;DaGwL sf/f]af/sf] cfly{s ljj/0f,
-u_ lghsf] ;DklQ, bfloTj tyf gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] ljj/0f v'Ng] ljQLo
ljj/0f,
-3_ lghsf] cfly{s / ljQLo x}l;ot v'Ng] cGo s'/f,
17
-ª_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt cGo ljj/0f .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] ljQLo ljj/0f dfu ubf{
sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ljut b'O{b]lv kfFr cfly{s jif{sf] ljQLo ljj/0f dfu ug{
;lsg]5 .
18
kl/R5]b–#
vl/b ljlw tyf k|lj|mof
!%= vl/b cfb]zaf6 dfq vl/b ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn] bz xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf a9Lsf]
dfn;fdfg vl/b ubf{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lnlvt vl/b cfb]zn] dfq vl/b
ug'{ kg]{5 .
!^= vl/b dfu k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ dfn;fdfg vl/b ;DaGwL sf/jfxL z'? ug'{ cl3
sDkgLsf] vl/b PsfO{n] lgb]{zgfno, ljefu jf zfvfAff6 vl/b dfu k|fKt u/L ;f]
dfu clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] vl/b dfudf b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v ePsf] x'g'
kg]{5 M–
-s_ dfn;fdfgsf] k|sf/ / kl/df0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
-v_ dfn;fdfg cfjZos kg]{ ;do,
-u_ vl/bsf] cg'dflgt d"No .
!&= ah]6 tyf lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf M -!_ vl/bsf] nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf geO{
vl/b sf/jfxL z'? ug'{ xF'b}g .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
ah]6sf] Joj:yf geP klg vl/b sf/jfxL z'? ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ ax'jif{L{o ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ul/g] vl/bsf] xsdf klxnf] jif{sf]
nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf ePkl5 cGo jif{sf] nflu vl/b
sf/jfxL ug{,
-v_ vl/b ;DaGwL] k|f/lDes tof/L ug'{ cTofjZos eO{ l;naGbL
b/efpkq jf af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{, k"j{of]Uotfsf] b/vf:t cfXjfg
ug]{, k/fdz{bftfsf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug{],
k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|:tfj dfu ug{] jf l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd,
af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL
sfuhft pknAw u/fpg] h:tf sfo{ ug{ .
-#_ lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf tyf ejg lgdf{0f Ohfht kq geP;Dd lgdf{0f
sfo{ z'? ug'{ x'Fb}g .
!*= dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] dfn;fdfg,
lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jf vl/b ug'{ cl3 To;
;DaGwL :k]lzlkms]zg, of]hgf, gS;f, l8hfOg, cfjZostf, nfut cg'dfg jf cGo
ljj/0fx? tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
19
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ To:tf dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f
sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jfsf] ;Da4 j:t'ut k|fljlws tyf
u'0f:t/hGo ljz]iftf / sfdsf] cfwf/df tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f
sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jfsf] ljz]iftfx? :ki6 ?kdf a'lemg]
u/L pNn]v ug]{ csf]{ s'g} pkfo gePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} vf; a|f08, 6]«8dfs{,
gfd, k]6]06, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf pTkfbssf] gfd pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
t/, To;/L pNn]v gu/L gx'g] cj:yfdf s'g} vf; a|f08, 6]«8dfs{, gfd,
k]6]06, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf pTkfbssf] gfd pNn]v u/L æ;f] ;/xÆ eGg]
zAbx? pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ l;naGbL b/efpkq jf af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf
dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jfsf] k|fljlws jf
u'0f:t/hGo ljz]iftfx?sf] ljj/0f / 6]li6Ë, dfls{Ë, Kofs]lhË, n]alnË jf
k'i6Ls/0fsf] k|df0fkq (Conformity Certificate) ;DaGwL cfwf/ jf ;+s]t jf
zAbfjnL pNn]v ubf{ To:tf] dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jfsf] sfd;Fu
c;Da4 x'g], of]Uo b/efpkqbftf jf af]nkqbftfnfO{ vl/b k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g
s'g} lsl;dn] afwf k'¥ofpg] jf cf}lrTo lagf k|lt:kwf{nfO{ ;Lldt ug]{ u/L ljj/0f,
cfwf/, ;+s]t jf zAbfjnL pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug{ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn]
;f] ljifodf 1fg ePsf bIf hgzlQmx?sf] Ps ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 . ;DalGwt
sfof{nodf To:tf hgzlQm geP tfn's sfof{non] To:tf] ;ldlt u7g u/L lbg'
kg]{5 .
!(= nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / cBfjlws ug{' kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] s'g} klg vl/bsf]
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] vl/b ug{ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ 5}g .
-@_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ vl/b ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd Pp6} vl/b ;Demf}tfaf6 x'g ;Sg] jf
sfd lkR5] 5'§} vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{,
-v_ vl/b ;Demf}tf gjLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ jf gkg]{,
-u_ vl/bsf] cGo s'g} ljsNk eP To:tf] ljsNk,
-3_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu nfUg ;Sg]
clwstd /sd tyf ;do,
-ª_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 lgwf{l/t d"No j[l4 ;"rsfÍ,
-r_ ljlgdo b/ kl/jt{gsf] k|efj,
-5_ k|rlnt s/ tyf z'Ns .
-#_ sDkgLn] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ af]nkq jf sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt
nufot df]ljnfO{h]zg / l8df]ljnfO{h]zg vr{, aLdf, k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{
20
;'ljwf jfktsf sfo{x?, u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f, Joj;fohGo :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff, Ph ljN6
gS;f ;d]tsf] 5'§} ljj/0f agfO{ nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ul/;s]kl5 ah]6
Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZostfg';f/ hDdf nfut cg'dfgdf d"No ;dfof]hg
slG6Gh]lG; /sd, lkmlhsn slG6Gh]lG; /sd / d"No clej[lå s/ /sd ;d]t yk
u/L nfut cg'dfg sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ePkl5 ;f] tof/ ug]{ k|fljlwseGbf Ps tx
dflysf] k|fljlws -sDtLdf clws[t :t/_ jf k|fljlw1x?sf] ;d"xaf6 To;nfO{ hfFRg
nufpg' kg]{5 . hfFr ug]{ clwsf/L gePsf] v08df :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ln] g} hfFr
u/L :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd s'g} vl/b sfo{sf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] nfut
cg'dfgdf To:tf] vl/b sfo{ x'g g;s]df sDkgLn] o; ljlgodfjnLsf] k|lj|mof
ckgfO{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{df o:tf] nfut cg'dfg cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 .
@)= lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg M -!_
sDkgLn] ljlgod !( sf] cwLgdf /xL lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/
;DaGwL sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg
tof/ ubf{ sDkgLsf] lgdf{0f ;DaGwL k|fljlwsaf6 cfjZos gD;{ tof/ ug{ nufO{
To:tf] gD;{ k|aGw lgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ dfn;fdfg :ynut ?kdf pknAw x'g] jf
gx'g] cWoog u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] ;dofjlw ls6fg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx?sf] b/efp,
d]lzg tyf pks/0fsf] ef8f jf sfdbf/sf] Hofnf lgwf{/0f ubf{ lhNnf b//]6
lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] b//]6sf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] b//]6 pknAw gePsf]df lgdf{0f:yn
glhs}sf] ;DalGwt ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;/sf/L :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfg, k|flws/0f,
lgud jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] b/efp jf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n]
lbPsf] b/efp, ef8f jf Hofnfsf cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] b/efp, ef8f jf Hofnf ;d]t pknAw x'g
g;s]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] b//]6 lgwf{/0f ubf{ sfof{no k|d'vn] tf]lslbPsf] b/efp,
ef8f jf Hofnfsf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg{]5 .
@!= dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg M -!_ sDkgLn] ljlgod !( / ;DalGwt dfn;fdfgsf]
:k]l;lkms]zgsf] cwLgdf /xL dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{
cfwf/ lnO{ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
21
-s_ rfn' jf cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] vl/b ubf{ nfu]sf]
jf:tljs nfut,
-v_ :yfgLo ahf/df k|rlnt b/efp,
-u_ cGo ahf/sf] k|rlnt b/efp / dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ :yfg;Dd
nfUg] cg'dflgt 9'jfgL vr{,
-3_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 lgwf{l/t d"No j[l4 ;"rsfÍ .
@@= k|fljlws ;]jf tyf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg M -!_ sDkgLn] ljlgod !( sf]
cwLgdf /xL k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{
cfwf/ lnO{ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg ;DaGwL gD;{
tof/ u/]sf] eP To:tf] gD;{,
-v_ ;DalGwt k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jfsf] sfo{ If]qut zt{,
-u_ rfn' jf cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] vl/b ubf{ nfu]sf]
jf:tljs nfut,
t/, To:tf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cl3Nnf jif{x?sf] b/df d"No
;dfof]hg u/L tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-3_ k|rlnt /fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o b/efp .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{
b]xfosf vr{x? ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ d'Vo hgzlQm Pj+ cGo hgzlQmsf] kfl/>lds,
-v_ e|d0f vr{, hgzlQmsf] a;f]af; vr{, sfof{no vr{, cfjZos
dfn;fdfg pks/0f / ;]jf vr{, k|ltj]bg / cGo sfuhftsf]
cg'jfb, 5kfO{ vr{,
-u_ k/fdz{bftfn] tflnd, uf]i7L jf e|d0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ eP
To:tf] sfdsf] nflu nfUg] vr{ nufotsf] cGo vr{ .
@#= cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg M -!_ sDkgLn] ljlgod !( sf] cwLgdf /xL cGo
;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ ef8fdf lng' kg]{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg/L cf}hf/, pks/0f jf
dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ ef8fdf lng kg]{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg/L cf}hf/, pks/0f jf
dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f, :k]l;lkms]zg, cj:yf / cfo',
-v_ k|rlnt ahf/ b/,
-u_ ef8fdf lng] cjlw,
-3_ O{Gwgsf] d"No tyf vkt,
-ª_ cGo pko'Qm s'/fx? .
22
-#_ 9'jfgLsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ :yn dfu{af6 9'jfgL ul/g]df
;DalGwt sfof{non] lhNnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b//]6sf]
cfwf/df / To:tf] ljefuLo b//]6 gePsf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt ahf/ b//]6sf]
cfwf/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg{]5 . xjfO{ dfu{af6 9'jfgL ubf{ k|rlnt ahf/
b//]6sf] cfwf/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ ;]jf s/f/, dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ jf cGo cfjZos ;]jf ;DaGwL
nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ k|rlnt ahf/ b/ / ;f] ;DaGwL gD;{ eP ;f] cg';f/
tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
@$= nfut cg'dfgsf] :jLs[lt M -!_ ljlgodx? @), @! / @# adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf]
nfut cg'dfg ljlgod !!) sf] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[t x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ ljlgod @@ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] nfut cg'dfg ljlgod !!) sf]
pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd :jLs[t x'g' kg]{5 .
@%= :yfoL n]vf gDa/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf;+u vl/b ug'{ kg]{
M -!_ sDkgLn] s'g} vl/b ubf{ cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{noaf6 :yfoL n]vf gDa/ /
d"No clej[l¢ s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLaf6 dfq
vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf
d"No clej[l¢ s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt gu/]sf JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLaf6
;d]t vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf sd /sdsf] dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{
vl/b ubf{,
-v_ d"No clej[l¢ s/ gnfUg] dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf
jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ubf{,
-u_ 3/ tyf hUuf ef8fdf lng' kbf{,
-3_ ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 vl/b
ubf{,
-ª_ ljb]zL cfk"lt{stf{af6 dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ubf{ .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/n]
b'u{d If]q egL tf]s]sf] lhNnfdf s'g} klg kmd{ jf ljs|]tfn] ;DalGwt cfGtl/s
/fhZj sfof{noaf6 d"No clej[l¢ s/ btf{ k|df0fkq lnPsf] /x]g5 eg] ;f]
lhNnfsf] nflu sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] tof/ kf/]sf] lhNnfdf pknAw
cfk"lt{stf{sf] ;"rLdf /x]sf cfk"lt{stf{af6 bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] vl/b ug{
;lsg]5 .
@^= vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn] vl/b ubf{ o; ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL
b]xfosf] s'g} Ps ljlw ckgfO{ vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 M–
23
-!_ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ug'{kbf{ M
-s_ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df v'Nnf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L,
-v_ /fli6«o :t/df v'Nnf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L,
-u_ l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg u/L,
-3_ ;f]em} vl/b u/L,
-ª_ cdfgtaf6 .
-@_ k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jf vl/b ug'{ kbf{ M
-s_ k|lt:kwf{Tds k|:tfj dfu u/L,
-v_ ;f]em} jftf{af6 .
@&= v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq jf l;naGbL b/efpkq jf k|:tfj cfXjfg u/L vl/b ug'{ kg]{ M
-!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s sDkgLn] s'g} klg vl/b
ug'{ kbf{ :jLs[t ah]6nfO{ ljrf/ u/L sfo{qmd agfO{ v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq jf
l;naGbL b/efpkq jf k|lt:kwf{Tds k|:tfj cfXjfg u/L vl/b ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfpg' kg]{5 / of]Uo af]nkqbftf jf l;naGbL b/efpkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{
To:tf] vl/b k|ls|ofdf ;xefuL x'g lagf e]befj ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ vl/b ubf{ k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L 6'qmf 6'qmf kf/L vl/b ug'{ xF'b}g .
@*= crn ;DklQ k|flKt Pj+ vl/b Joj:yf M -!_ sDkgLsf] ljsf; sfo{ tyf sfof{no
k|of]usf nflu pko'Qm x'g] crn ;DklQ lgMz'Ns k|fKt x'g] ePdf ;f] crn ;DklQ
sDkgLsf gfpFdf /lhi6]«zg kf; u/fO{ lnOg]5 .
-@_ sDkgLn] cfjZos kg]{ crn ;DklQ b]xfo adf]lhd vl/b ug{
;Sg]5 M–
-s_ crn ;DklQ vl/b ubf{ vl/b ug{ rfx]sf] :yfg tyf cf;kf;sf]
If]q, oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joxf]/f / cGo k|fljlws ljj/0f
v'nfO{ crn ;DklQ wgLx?af6 sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{
af]nkq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ cg';f/ af]nkq ;"rgf adf]lhd af]nkq bflvnf ug{]
crn ;DklQ wgLn] ;"rgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf ljj/0fsf ;fy}
cfkmgf] crn ;DklQsf] :jfldTj ;DaGwL k|dfl0ft sfuhftx?
klg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf af]nkqx?df plNnlvt crn
;DklQsf] k|fljlws / :ynut ?kdf ;d]t lg/LIf0f ug{ ;DalGwt
k|fljlws ;lxtsf] Ps d"NofÍg ;ldlt /xg]5 . ;f] d"NofÍg
;ldltn] pko'Qm elg l;kmfl/; u/]sf] crn ;DklQ sDkgLn]
vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-3_ s'g} If]qdf b"/;~rf/ ;]jf lj:tf/sf] nflu k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn]
Pp6f dfq hUuf tyf crn ;DklQ pko'Qm b]lvPdf k|rlnt
24
hUuf k|flKt P]g adf]lhd pQm hUuf tyf crn ;DklQ k|fKt ug{
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/L ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf]
cWoIftfdf /x]sf] d'cfAhf lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;f]em}
vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@(= dfn;fdfg vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf M dfn;dfg vl/b ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{
kg]{5 M–
-s_ Ps k6sdf kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;f]e}m jftf{af6 .
t/, k|aGw lgb]{zsn] g]kfnleq}af6 ul/g] vl/bsf] xsdf Ps
k6sdf bz nfv ?k}ofF;Dd tyf ljb]zaf6 ul/g] vl/bsf] xsdf
Ps k6sdf kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;f]e}m jftf{af6 vl/b ug{
;Sg]5 / ;f] /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF ;Ddsf] xsdf
;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd
l;naGbL b/efpkqaf6 .
-u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] ePdf
af]nkqaf6 .
#)= 9'jfgL, lSnol/Ë tyf kmjf{l8{Ë ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] Joj:yf M dfn;fdfg 9'jfgL
u/fpFbf b]xfo adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ :yndfu{af6 k'm6s/ 9'jfgL u/fpFbf Ps k6sdf tLg nfv
?k}ofF;Dd / xjfO{dfu{af6 k'm6s/ 9'jfgL u/fpFbf Ps k6sdf kfFr
nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;f]e}m vl/baf6 .
t/, Ps k6sdf :yndfu{af6 kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd /
xjfO{dfu{af6 aL; nfv ?k}ofF;Dd 9'jfgL u/fpFbf k|aGw
lgb]{zssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ ;f]e}m vl/baf6 9'jfgL sfo{ u/fpg
;lsg] 5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf]
sfo{sf] nflu l;naGbL b/efpkqaf6 .
-u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] 9'jfgL u/fpFbf
af]nkqaf6 .
#!= lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] Joj:yf M -!_ :jLs[t
nfut cg'dfg cg';f/ lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t jf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpFbf b]xfo
adf]lhd u/fpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] sfo{ u/fpg' kbf{ ;f]e}m vl/baf6 .
t/, jfo/n]; k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t ;]jfsf] la=l6=P;=, 6fj/ jf le–
:of6 tyf l/lk6/ :6]zg h8fgsf] nflu lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ k|aGw
25
lgb]{zssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] sfo{ ;f]e}m
vl/baf6 ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf]
sfo{ u/fpFbf l;naGbL b/efpkq lnO{ ;f]sf] cfwf/af6 .
-u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9Lsf] sfo{ u/fpFbf
af]nkqaf6 .
-@_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd b/efpkq jf af]nkqåf/f lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t
;Def/ jf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpFbf lgdf{0f Joj;fo P]g, @)%% cGtu{t btf{
eO{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ohfht k|fKt u/]sf lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?af6 u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/, lgdf{0f Joj;foL pknAw x'g g;s]sf b'u{d If]qsf] lglDt ;ldltsf]
lg0f{o adf]lhd ;f] aGb]h x6fpg ;lsg] 5 . k|To]s jif{ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd :jLs[t
ubf{ s'g s'g b'u{d lhNnfdf To:tf] aGb]h nfu' gx'g] xf] ;f] sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t
;ldltn] :jLs[t ug{' kg{]{5 .
#@= cGo ;]jf vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sDkgLsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng ug{
cfjZos kg]{ cGo ;]jfx? vl/b ug'{ k/]df To:tf] ;]jfsf] cfjZostf, lsl;d,
;dofjlw, u'0f:t/, ;]jf ;~rfng ljlw, nfUg] df]6fdf]6L vr{ / sfo{ If]qut zt{
tof/ u/L ;DalGwt clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ b]xfo adf]lhd vl/b
ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ Ps k6sdf kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;f]e}m vl/baf6,
t/, Joj;fo k|j4{g sfo{sf] nflu bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ;]jf
;f]e}m vl/b ug'{ k/]df k|aGw lgb]{zssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ug{ ;lsg]5
/ ;f] /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] xsdf ;ldltsf]
:jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Dd
l;naGbL b/efpkqaf6,
-u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] ePdf
af]nkqaf6 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ubf{ ef8fdf lng] ;fdfg jf ;]jfsf]
ljj/0f u'0f:t/, d"No, ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw, xhf{gf / Ifltk"lt{, ;Demf}tfsf] gjLs/0fsf]
cj:yf tyf ;Demf}tf vf/]h x'g] cj:yf, e'QmfgLsf] zt{ tyf cGo cfjZos zt{x?
:ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-#_ b/efpkq jf af]nkq cfXjfg ubf{ cfjZostf cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf
cfly{s k|:tfjsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] 5 / o;/L k|:tfj cfXjfg ubf{ d"NofÍgsf
cfwf/ tyf cÍef/ ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd k|:tfj d"NofÍg u/L ;f/e"t?kdf
k|efju|fxL 36L ;]jf z'Ns k|:tfj ug]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t u/L ;Demf}tf
ug'{ kg]{5 .
26
t/, k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L cfXjfg ePsf] b/efpkq jf
af]nkqsf] xsdf cfly{s tyf k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg u/L v"b k|fKtfÍ hf]8L
;+o'Qm d"NofÍg ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ kfpg] k|:tfjbftfnfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd 36L ;]jf z'Ns k|:tfj ug]{ :jLs[t k|:tfjsf]
k|:tfjbftf ;]jf ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPdf To;kl5sf] ;a}eGbf 36L ;]jf z'Ns k|:tfj
ug]{ ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL k|:tfjbftf;Fu ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-^_ sfof{no k|d'vn] vKg] dfn;fdfgsf] dd{t ;Def/ u/fpg' kbf{ bIf
sd{rf/L jf ;DalGwt ljz]if1af6 / ;f] gePdf ;DalGwt sfd ug]{ JolQm, kmd{ jf
;+:yfaf6 nfut cg'dfg u/fO{ dd{t ;Def/ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ sDkgLsf] cfkmgf] js{zkdf dd{t ;Def/ u/fpg] ;'ljwf ePsf]df :k]o/
kf6{; vl/b u/L bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 . sDkgLdf ;f] ;'ljwf geO{ cGoqaf6 dd{t
u/fpg' kbf{ cfjZos :k]o/ kf6{; ;DalGwt k|fljlwsaf6 abnL ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft
u/fO{ vr{ n]Vg' kg]{5 / dd{t ubf{ abnL ul/Psf ;fdfgx? 5'§} vftfdf nut /fvL
e08f/ bflvnf ug'{kg]{5 .
-*_ sDkgLdf k|of]u ePsf pks/0fx? ljlgod #% adf]lhdsf] k|f]k|fO{6/L
k|s[ltsf] e} ;DalGwt lgdf{tfsf]df g} dd{tsf] nflu k7fpg' kg]{ cj:yf k/]df
To:tf] pks/0f vl/b ubf{sf cj:yfdf s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] eP ;f]xL ;Demf}tfdf
pNn]v eP adf]lhd / ;Demf}tf gePsf]df b/efp jf jftf{åf/f pks/0fx? dd{t
u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .
##= k|fljlws ;]jf k|flKt tyf vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos
k|fljlws ;]jf lng'k/]df ;DalGwt ;]jf k|bfos kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 k|:tfj
dfu u/L lng ;lsg] 5 .
-@_ k|fljlws ;]jf k|:tfj dfu ug'{ cl3 sDkgLn] cfjZos 7fg]sf cGo
s'/fx?sf] cnfjf b]xfosf s'/fx? ;dfj]z u/L ;f] ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{
kg]{5 M–
-s_ vl/b ul/g] ;]jfsf] k|s[lt, ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ cjlw, :yfg,
;]jfsf] sfo{If]qut zt{, ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ tyf ck]lIft
kl/0ffd / k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf,
-v_ k|:tfj tof/ ug{ k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ lgb]{zg,
-u_ k|:tfj d"NofÍg / t'ngf ug]{ cfwf/,
-3_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? -6D;{ ckm /]km/]G;_,
-ª_ k|:tfjbftfn] sfo{If]qut zt{df l6Kk0fL ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg] .
-#_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd
k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/x? pNn]v ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'g} jf ;a} cfwf/x?
v'nfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf tyf ug'{ kg]{ sfd ;DaGwL cg'ej,
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ k|:tfljt tl/sf,
27
-u_ k|:tfljt d'Vo hgzlQm jf pks/0fsf] of]Uotf .
-$_ k|:tfj dfu ubf{ sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t
v'nfO{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfljt sfo{sf] ;fdfGo ljj/0f,
-u_ k|:tfjbftfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhft,
-3_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft kfOg] :yfg, sDkgL;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{
7]ufgf / ;Dks{ JolQm .
-%_ k|:tfj vf]Ng' cl3 Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] k|:tfjsf] vfd /
/Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf k|:tfjsf] vfdnfO{ 5'6ofO{ Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf k|:tfj
gvf]nL ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L lkmtf{ ul/Psf] s'/f, ldlt
/ ;do vl/b sf/jfxLsf] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . k|:tfj vf]Nbf k|:tfjbftf jf
lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df vf]Ng' kg]{5 . o;/L k|:tfj vf]Nbf d'r'Nsf tof/ u/L
;f] d'r'Nsfdf pkl:yt k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] b:tvt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/, k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt geP klg k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf
kg]{ 5}g .
-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd vf]lnPsf] k|:tfj sDkgLn] oyfzL3| d"NofÍg
;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] d"NofÍgsf]
cfwf/ adf]lhd k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg u/L b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t pNn]v u/L d"NofÍg
k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] clwsf/k|fKt k|ltlglwsf] ;xL5fk eP jf
gePsf],
-u_ k|:tfjbftf k|:tfj k]z ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf] k'i6ofO{+
ug]{ sfuhft k]z eP jf gePsf],
-3_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k
k|:tfj k"0f{ eP jf gePsf],
-ª_ k|To]s k|:tfjsf] ;fk]lIfs ;jntf, b'j{ntf / d"NofÍg kl/0ffd .
-*_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf cGoyf pNn]v ul/Psf]df afx]s k|:tfjsf]
d"NofÍgsf] nflu ;f] k|:tfjdf d"No clej[l4 s/ afx]s k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd
;]jfk|bfosnfO{ nfUg] s/ ;d]t lghsf] ;]jf z'Nsdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] dflgg]5 .
-(_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|:tfjdf e]l6Psf] cÍ ul0ftLo q'6L ;Rofpg
;Sg]5 . To;/L q'6L ;RofpFbf OsfO{ b/ / s'n /sddf leGgtf ePdf OsfO{ b/
dfGo x'g]5 / To:tf] OsfO{ b/ adf]lhd s'n /sd ;RofO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
28
-!)_ k|:tfjbftfn] d"Nodf s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfj u/]sf] s'/f k|:tfj vf]n]sf]
d'r'Nsfdf pNn]v ePsf] eP d"NofÍg ;ldltn] To;/L 5'6 lbg k|:tfj ul/Psf]
/sd ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!!_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL k|:tfjbftf dWo] ;a}eGbf
sd nfut ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf] nflu 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!@_ :jLs[tLsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftf;Fu sfo{ If]qut zt{, k|ult
k|ltj]bg, sDkgLn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ s'/fx?sf ljifodf jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
o;/L jftf{ ubf{ sDkgL / k|:tfjbftf b'j}nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] ;xdlt xfl;n x'g
g;s]df sDkgLn] To;kl5sf] ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] csf]{ k|:tfjbftf;Fu
qmd};Fu jftf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!#_ pkljlgod -!@_ adf]lhd ePsf] jftf{df ;xdltdf k'u]sf]
k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug{sf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . To;/L 5gf}6 ePsf] ;ft
lbgleq sDkgLn] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbO{
;f]sf] hfgsf/L cGo k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 .
-!$_ pkljlgod -!#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbgleq s'g}
k|:tfjbftfn] ljlgod !)* adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg gu/]df 5gf}6
ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t u/L lghnfO{ ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] kGw|lbgleq
;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-!%_ :jLs[t ePsf] k|:tfjsf] k|:tfjbftf pkljlgod -!$_ adf]lhdsf]
cjlwleq ;Demf}tf ug{ cfPdf lgh;Fu ljlgod *( adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{
kg]{5 .
t/, To:tf] k|:tfjbftf pkljlgod -!$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;Demf}tf
ug{ gcfPdf sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!@_ adf]lhd csf{] k|:tfjbftf;Fu jftf{ u/L
vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!^_ b]xfosf s'g} cj:yfdf sDkgLn] ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug{ jf vl/b
sf/jfxL /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k|fKt ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfjx? ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL gePdf,
-v_ 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] nfut sDkgLsf] nfut cg'dfg /
pknAw ah]6eGbf ;f/e"t?kdf a9L ePdf,
-u_ dfu ePsf] k|fljlws ;]jf cfjZos gkg]{ ePdf,
-3_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfk;df ldnf]dtf] u/L k|:tfj lbPsf] k|dfl0ft
ePdf .
t/, ldnf]dtf] gu/]sf k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj pk/ sf/jfxL ug{
;lsg]5 .
#$= sfof{nosf] nflu 3/, hUuf / pks/0f ef8fdf lng] Joj:yf M -!_ sDkgLnfO{
cfjZos 3/, hUuf jf uf]bfd ef8fdf lnFbf ah]6sf] kl/lwleq /xL sa'lnot u/fO{
b]xfo adf]lhd lng ;lsg]5 M
29
-s_ jflif{s b'O{ nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ef8f kg{] 3/, hUuf jf uf]bfd
;DalGwt 3/, hUuf / uf]bfd wgL;Fu ;f]e}m jftf{ u/L,
-v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L jflif{s kfFr nfv
?k}ofF;Ddsf] ef8f kg{] 3/, hUuf jf uf]bfd /]06 sldl6n]
l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d"Nodf ;f]e}m jftf{ u/L,
-u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L ef8f kg{] 3/, hUuf jf
uf]bfd cfjZos s'/fx¿ v'nfO{ sDtLdf kGw lbgsf] ;fj{hlgs
;"rgf k|sflzt u/]/ /]06 sldl6n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d"Nodf .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg jfo/n]; k|ljlwsf]
;]jf k|bfg ug{ cfjZos a]; :6]zg h8fg ug{sf] nflu k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6
pko'Qm egL 5gf}6 ePsf] 3/ jf hUuf ef8fdf lnFbf To:tf] 3/ jf hUufsf]
wgL;Fu ;f]e}m jftf{ u/L /]06 sldl6sf] l;kmfl/;df lng ;lsg]5 .
-#_ o; ljlgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhd /]06 sldl6 x'g]5 M–
-s_ s]Gb|Lo :t/df M
;DalGwt gfoj k|aGw lgb{]zs jf lgb{]zs – cWoIf
k|ltlglw, l;len ljefu – ;b:o
k|ltlglw, sfg"g zfvf – ;b:o
;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v – ;b:o
k|ltlglw, n]vf – ;b:o ;lrj
-v_ :yfgLo :t/df M
If]qLo lgb{]zs – cWoIf
;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v – ;b:o
k|ltlglw, l;len zfvf – ;b:o
;DalGwt sfof{nosf] n]vf k|d'v – ;b:o
k|ltlglw, k|zf;g zfvf – ;b:o ;lrj
-$_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ef8fdf lnPsf] 3/, hUuf jf
uf]bfdsf] wgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf / axfn cÍ v'Ng] ljj/0f ;DalGwt cfGtl/s /fhZj
sfof{non] dfu u/] adf]lhd k7fO{ lbg' kb{5 .
-%_ sDkgLn] b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug{sf] nflu g]kfndf sfo{/t b"/;~rf/
;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf tyf cGo ;+:yfx¿sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ Pj+ ;+/rgf -h:t}M 3/,
6fj/, la=l6=P;=, kfj/ tyf cGo pks/0f_ / ;f]sf] ;'/Iff ;d]tsf] nflu ;+o'Qm
¿kdf k|of]u ug{ cfk;L ;xdltsf] cfwf/df to ePsf] b/df jftf{ u/L lng lbg
;Sg]5 .
-^_ jfo/n]; k|ljlwsf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cfjZos la=l6=P;= ejg tyf ;f]df
h8fg ePsf] 6fj/, pks/0f, Po/ sl08;g, h]g]/]6/, lah'nL, ;'/Iff nufot ;]jf
jf ;fdfg ef8fdf lng' k/]df To:tf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{] p2]Zo /fvL k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd btf{ ePsf kmd{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] ;fj{hlgs
30
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L b]xfosf] ;ldltaf6
nfe, nfut tyf ahf/ d"Nosf] d"NofÍg ;lxtsf] l;kmfl/; lnO{ ef8fdf lng
;lsg]5 M–
-s_ ;DalGwt ljefu jf lgb{]zgfno k|d'v – ;+of]hs
-v_ ;DalGwt ljefu jf lgb{]zgfno k|d'vn]
tf]s]sf] ljz]if1 – ;b:o
-u_ ;DalGwt ljefu jf lgb{]zgfnosf] n]vf k|d'v – ;b:o
#%= ;f]e}m vl/b ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] ePtfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf jf
cGo ;]jf ;f]e}m vl/b ug{ jf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;f]e}m u/fpg ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ vl/b ;DaGwL zt{x? k"/f ug]{ k|fljlws bIftf jf Ifdtf Pp6f
dfq cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu
ePdf,
-v_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg, kf6{k"hf{ jf ;]jf cfk"lt{ ug]{ jf ;]jf
k|bfg ug]{ clwsf/ Pp6f dfq cfk"lt{stf{ jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu
ePsf] / cGo pko'Qm ljsNk gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] k|f]k|fO{6/L
dfn;fdfg jf kf6{k'hf{ jf ;]jf ;f]sf] cfk"lt{stf{ jf ;]jf
k|bfos;Fu jf lghsf] cflwsfl/s ljq]mtf jf cflwsfl/s Ph]06
jf sfg"gL k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf clwsf/ k|fKt JolQm jf ;+:yf dfk{mt
vl/b ubf{,
-u_ df}h"bf dfn;fdfg, ;]jf jf hl8t ;+oGqsf] kf6{k'hf{sf] k|lt:yfkg
jf lj:tf/ ug{ cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos kl/jt{g
u/]df sDkgLdf /x]sf] df}h"bf dfn;fdfg, ;]jf jf hl8t ;+oGqsf]
kf6{k'hf{sf] k|lt:yfkg jf lj:tf/ ug{ g;lsg] s'/f k|dfl0ft eO{
;fljssf] cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosaf6 k|f]k|fO6/L
:j?ksf] cltl/Qm dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df,
-3_ k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsPsf] sf/0fn] z'? ;Demf}tfdf ;dfj]z gePsf]
/ z'? ;Demf}tfaf6 cnu u/L ;DkGg ug{ k|fljlws jf cfly{s
sf/0fn] sl7gfO{ x'g] eO{ cTofjZos lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg,
k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df,
-ª_ ;DalGwt sfdsf] nflu s'g} ljlzi6 (Unique) of]Uotf ePsf] vf;
k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfossf] ;]jf tTsfn cfjZostf ePdf jf
;fljssf] k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos jf cfk"lt{stf{af6 g} ;]jf
lng'kg]{ ckl/xfo{ sf/0f ePdf,
-r_ sDkgLdf hl8t pks/0f -;km6j]o/ tyf xf8{j]o/_ sf] pkof]uL
cfo' tyf nfe–nfutnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ To:tf] pks/0fdf kl5
ljsf; ePsf goFf ljz]iftfx? yk u/]df sDkgLn] cBfjlws tyf
31
;do ;fk]If ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] ePdf ;fljssf]
cfk"lt{stf{af6} kl5 ljsf; ePsf gofF ljz]iftfx? -;km6j]o/
tyf xf8{j]o/ ;d]t_ yk ug{' k/]df,
-5_ sDkgLnfO{ ;]jf ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos 3/, hUuf,
dfn;fdfg tyf ;]jf :yfgLo txsf] ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, pkef]Qmf
;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 vl/b ug'{ jf ef8fdf lng' k/]df,
-h_ g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf ;+3, ;+:yfaf6
3/, hUuf, dfn;fdfg tyf ;]jf vl/b ug'{ jf ef8fdf lng'
k/]df .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ b]lv -5_ ;Ddsf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd
dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ubf{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd vl/b
ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 x'g] vl/bsf] xsdf sDkgLsf] cy{ ljefu,
of]hgf ljefu, ljsf; ljefu / dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;~rfng
ljefusf gfoa k|aGw lgb]{zsx?, vl/b;Fu ;DalGwt ljefu jf
lgb]{zgfno k|d'v tyf k|aGw lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] ;f] sfo{;Fu
;DalGwt Ps hgf ljz]if1 /x]sf] ;ldltsf],
-v_ lgb]{zgfno / ;f] cGtu{t x'g] vl/bsf] xsdf ;DalGwt
lgb]{zgfno jf ljefusf] k|fljlws zfvf k|d'v, vl/b;Fu ;DalGwt
ljefluo jf zfvf k|d'v, n]vf k|d'v tyf lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] ;f]
sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt Ps hgf ljz]if1 /x]sf] ;ldltsf] .
-#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd ;f]e}m vl/b ug'{ cl3 b]xfosf s'/fx? olsg u/L
ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] cfjZostf, vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ;fdfg e08f/df eP
gePsf], cfjZos ;fdfg jf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ tyf kl/df0f,
cfk"lt{sf] zt{ / ;do,
-v_ ljBdfg pks/0fsf] cfo', ;f]af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] k|ltkmn /
nfe–nfutsf] ljZn]if0f,
-u_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf
;]jfk|bfos;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{
cfjZos of]Uotf eP jf gePsf],
-3_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{ jf k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf
k|bfos;+u dfu ul/Psf] lnlvt b//]6 jf k|:tfj,
-ª_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"tL{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf
k|bfosn] sDkgLsf] dfu adf]lhd k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj sDkgLn]
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :k]l;lkms]zg tyf k|fljlws u'0f:t/ adf]lhdsf]
eP gePsf],
32
-r_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"tL{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf
k|bfosaf6 k|:tfj ul/Psf] d"No pk/ jftf{ ul/Psf] / ;f] d"No
plrt eP gePsf] .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] k|f]k|fO{6/L dfn;fdfg vl/b
ubf{ jf ;f]xL pkljlgodsf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] cTofjZos lgdf{0f sfo{,
dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ubf{ tTsfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o d"No b/nfO{
ljrf/ u/L cl3Nnf] k6s vl/b ul/Psf] d"No b/df ga9g] u/L ;fljssf] d"n
;Demf}tf /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt d"No /sd;Dd vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pkljlgod -!_ sf]
v08 -u_ / -3_ adf]lhd vl/b ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf tTsfn vl/b gubf{
sDkgLnfO{ pNn]vgLo xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g ;Sg] k'i6ofO{+ ;lxtsf] kof{Kt cj:yf /
plrt sf/0f b]lvPdf d"n ;Demf}tf /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt d"NoeGbf a9L t/
ztk|ltzt d"Nodf ga9g] /sd ;Ddsf] vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .
#^= ljz]if kl/l:yltdf vl/b ug{] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq
h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljz]if kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ tTsfn vl/b gubf{
sDkgLnfO{ yk xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g] cj:yf cfOk/]df sDkgLn] tTsfn vl/b ug{ jf
u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd vl/b ubf{ sDkgLn] vl/bsf] cfjZostfsf]
lnlvt ljj/0f, u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, zt{ / sfo{ ;DkGg ug{] cjlw h:tf ljj/0f tof/
u/L cfsl:ds kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ cfjZos kl/df0f / ;dofjlwsf nflu dfq
oyf;Dej k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ jf Pp6f dfq lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf
jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu lnlvt b/efp jf k|:tfj lnO{ jf jftf{ u/L vl/b ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd ul/Psf] vl/bsf] ;DaGwdf sDkgLn] b]xfosf
ljj/0f tyf sfuhftsf] clen]v /fVg' kg{]5 M–
-s_ ljz]if kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] k|dfl0ft ug]{ ljj/0f,
-v_ vl/bsf cGo ljlw ckgfpg g;lsg] sf/0f tyf cfwf/ .
-$_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd vl/b ug]{ clwsf/ k|aGw lgb]{zsnfO{ dfq x'g]5
/ k|aGw lgb{]zsn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kl/l:ylt tyf tTsfn ug{'kg{] vl/b
;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0fsf] hfgsf/L nuQ} a:g] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ug{' kg{]5 .
#&= cdfgtaf6 sfd ug]{ M -!_ ;fdfGo k|s[ltsf] dd{t ;Def/ jf ;fgfltgf lgoldt
sfo{ jf ;/;kmfO{ h:tf sfo{ cdfgtaf6 u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .
-@_ sDkgLn] cfjZos b]v]df pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd cdfgtaf6 u/fpg]
s'g} sfo{ sldl6 u7g u/L u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ cdfgtdf lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd ug'{ k/]df Ps tx dflysf] sfof{nodf
k]z u/L :jLs[lt lnO{ :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg adf]lhd lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd u/fpg
;lsg] 5 .
33
-$_ cdfgtaf6 lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd ug'{ k/]df To:tf] sfd Ps nfv
?k}ofFdf ga9fO{ v08 v08 u/L jftf{af6 u/fpg jf cfjZos lgdf{0f ;fdu|L
pknAw u/fO{ Hofnf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-%_ sfof{no cfk}+m+n] cdfgtaf6 sfd ubf{ ;f] sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhdsf] vl/b tyf k|flKt
;DaGwL k|lqmof k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .
#*= ljlgodfjnL cfslif{t gx'g] M g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf ljb]zL ;/sf/sf]
clwsf+z :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yf jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx? aLr ePsf] cg'bfg jf C0f
;xfotf ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf jf ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] ;dembf/Lkq jf To:tf ;+:yfsf]
vl/b tyf lgdf{0f lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd vl/b ubf{ jf lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg' kbf{ jf
;]jf pknAw u/fpg' kbf{ To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP hlt ljifodf o;
ljlgodfjnLsf k|fjwfgx? cfslif{t x'g] 5}gg .
34
kl/R5]b–$
k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ljlw tyf k|ls|of
#(= k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ sDkgLsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ k/fdz{ ;]jf
sDkgLdf pknAw bIf k|fljlws jf hgzlQm tyf oGq cf}hf/x? ;d]tsf] ljrf/
u/L sDkgLaf6 x'g g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ;]jf lng' k/]df ;DalGwt ljifosf] lj1
jf lj1x?sf] ;d"x jf k/fdz{bft[ ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd lgo'lQm u/L To:tf]
;]jf lng ;lsg] 5 M–
-s_ kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ;]jf z'Ns nfUg]df ;f]e}m jftf{af6,
-v_ v08 -s_ df pNn]lvt /sdeGbf a9L bz nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;]jf
z'Ns nfUg]df ;dfg :t/sf] sDtLdf tLg j6f kmd{, sDkgL jf
;+:yfaf6 k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L ;aeGbf sd
b/jfnfsf] k|:tfjaf6,
-u_ v08 -v_ df pNn]lvt /sdeGbf a9L ;]jf z'Ns nfUg]df cfzokq
lnO{ ;f]af6 5gf}6 ePsf k/fdz{bftfx?af6 l;naGbL k|fljlws
tyf cfly{s k|:tfjaf6 .
$)= v'Nnf ?kdf cfzokq dfu u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ljlgod #( sf]
pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu
;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug{ To:tf] k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg OR5's JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf
sDkgLaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL cfzokq ;+sng ug{ sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{
/fli6«o :t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] ;"rgf sDkgLsf] j]a
;fO{6df /fVg'sf ;fy} sDkgLsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf ;d]t 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, b]xfosf cj:yfdf cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] cfzokq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ tLg s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L /sdsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df,
-v_ sDkgLsf] dfu cg'?ksf] k/fdz{ ;]jf k|lt:kwf{Tds d"Nodf
g]kfnleqsf PseGbf a9L k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|fKt x'g g;Sg] ePdf,
-u_ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf nflu /fli6«o:t/df k|:tfj dfu ubf{ s'g} k|:tfj
gk/L ljb]zL k/fdz{bftfaf6 ;]jf lng' kg]{ ePdf, jf
-3_ bft[kIf;+usf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd j}b]lzs ;xfotf >f]taf6 Joxf]l/g]
u/L cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] cfzokq dfu u/L k/fdz{bftfaf6 ;]jf
k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf .
-@_ cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] cfzokq dfu ubf{ c+u|]hL efiffdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ cfzokq dfu ug]{ ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg' kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfljt sfd jf cfof]hgfsf] ;fdfGo ljj/0f,
35
-u_ cfzokqbftfsf] of]Uotf,
-3_ cfzokqbftf kmd{ jf sDkgL eP M–
-!_ kmd{ jf sDkgLsf] ljj/0f, ;+u7g / sd{rf/L,
-@_ b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L kmd{ jf sDkgLn] ;d"x jf ;+o'Qm
pkj|mdsf] ?kdf k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg] eP To:tf kmd{ jf
sDkgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, ljj/0f tyf d'Vo eO{ sfd ug]{ kmd{
jf sDkgLsf] gfd,
-#_ ljut kfFr jif{ leqdf ;DkGg u/]sf] ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd /
:yfgsf] ljj/0f, /
-$_ ;+nUg x'g] k|d'v hgzlQmsf] j}olQms ljj/0f ;lxtsf] kmd{ jf
sDkgL k|f]kmfOn .
-ª_ JolQmut k/fdz{bftfsf] xsdf ljut tLg jif{df ;DkGg u/]sf]
;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd / :yfgsf] ljj/0f tyf j}olQms ljj/0f,
-r_ k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do,
-5_ ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLaf6 dfq k/fdz{
;]jf vl/b ;DaGwL k|:tfj dfu ul/g] s'/f,
-h_ cfzokqbftfn] k]z ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx?,
-em_ cfzokq tof/ ug]{ lgb]{zg / cfzokq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt tyf
:yfg, /
-`_ sDkgL;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{ 7]ufgf / ;Dks{ JolQm .
-$_ cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] cfzokq dfu ubf{ sDkgLn] Ps tx dflysf]
clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] cfzokqbftfsf] of]Uotf, cg'ej /
Ifdtf ;d]t d"NofÍg u/L To:tf] k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg;Sg] ;fwf/0ftof tLgb]lv 5
j6f cfzokqbftfsf] 5gf}6 u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .
-^_ cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] cfzokqbftfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ sDkgLn] ljleGg d'n's,
k[i7e"ld / Ps :yfgLo Ph]G6 /x]sf] kmd{ jf sDkgLsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ sDkgLsf] ;"rgf adf]lhd cfzokq k]z gug]{ Voflt k|fKt
k/fdz{bftf;Fu ;Dks{ u/L lghsf] gfd ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-*_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd cfzokqbftfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ jf pkljlgod -&_
adf]lhd gfd ;dfj]z ubf{ sDtLdf tLg j6f cfzokqbftf 5gf}6 x'g g;s]
sDkgLn] k'gM ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cfzokq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ pkljlgod -*_ adf]lhd bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg sDtLdf
tLg j6f cfzokqbftf 5gf}6 x'g g;s]df 5gf}6 ePsf hlt cfzokqbftfsf] dfq
;"rL sfod ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-!)_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] ;"rLsf] hfgsf/L sDkgLn]
cfzokq k]z ug]{ ;a} cfzokqbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
36
$!= k|:tfj dfu ug]{ M -!_ ljlgod $) adf]lhd ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ePkl5 sDkgLn]
;f] ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf cfzokqbftfx?nfO{ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft x'nfs,
s'l/o/, Od]n jf JolQm dfk{mt k7fO{ sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] ;do lbO{ lghx?af6
k|:tfj dfu ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf b]xfosf s'/fx?
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ sDkgLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ vl/b ul/g] ;]jfsf] k|s[lt, ;]jf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ cjlw, :yfg, ;]jfsf]
sfo{If]qut zt{x?, ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ sfo{ / ck]lIft kl/0ffd,
-u_ k|:tfj tof/ ug{ k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ lgb]{zg,
-3_ k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfj 5'§f5'§} vfddf /fvL l;naGbL u/L k|To]s
vfdsf] aflx/ s'g k|sf/sf] k|:tfj xf] ;f] :ki6?kn] pNn]v u/L b'j}
k|:tfjnfO{ csf]{ 5'§} vfd aGbL u/L dfu ul/Psf] ;]jfsf] ljifo
pNn]v ug'{kg]{ s'/f,
-ª_ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s d"NofÍg ef/,
-r_ k|:tfj d"NofÍg / t'ngf ug]{ cfwf/ / cÍ ef/,
-5_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? (Terms of Reference),
-h_ k|:tfj k]z ug'{kg]{ :yfg, ldlt / ;do,
-em_ k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug]{ ljlw,
-`_ :jfy{ aflemg] ePdf k|:tfj pk/ sf/jfxL gx'g] s'/f / e|i6frf/ jf
hfn;fhL u/]df x'g] sfg"gL sf/jfxL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L,
-6_ sDkgLn] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sf/jfxL ubf{ u/]sf] q'6L jf lg0f{o lj?4
k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu k|:tfjbftfn] lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf,
-7_ k|:tfj dfu kq,
-8_ k|:tfljt k|d'v hgzlQmn] cfkmgf] xfn;fn}sf] j}olQms ljj/0f ;To
/ k"0f{ /x]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ Joxf]/f,
-9_ k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍg u/]kl5 dfq cfly{s k|:tfj vf]lng] s'/f,
-0f_ k|fljlws k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftfn] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ pQL0ff{Í,
-t_ k|:tfjbftfn] ;DalGwt sfdsf] nflu cfkmgf] 5'§} sfo{ of]hgf tyf
hgzlQm k|:tfj ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg],
-y_ k|:tfjbftfn] sfo{If]qut zt{df l6Kk0fL ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg], /
-b_ cfjZos cGo s'/fx? .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_
sf] v08 -r_ adf]lhd k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/x? pNn]v ubf{ k|fljlws k|:tfj
d"NofÍg ug]{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'g} jf ;a} cfwf/x? cfjZostf cg';f/ v'nfpg'
kg]{5 M–
-s_ k/fdz{bftfn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd ;DaGwL k/fdz{bftfsf] cg'ej,
-v_ k/fdz{bftfn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ k|:tfljt tl/sfsf] u'0f:t/,
37
-u_ k|:tfljt d'Vo hgzlQmsf] of]Uotf,
-3_ 1fg tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf] Joj:yf,
-ª_ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sfd ;Dkfbg ug{ k|:tfljt d'Vo
g]kfnL hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_
sf] v08 -em_ adf]lhd k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug]{ ljlw pNn]v ubf{ k|:tfjsf] b]xfo
adf]lhdsf ljlwx? dWo] s'g ljlwsf] cfwf/df x'g] xf] ;f] Joxf]/f pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 M–
-s_ u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw,
-v_ u'0f:t/ ljlw,
-u_ lglZrt ah]6 ljlw, jf
-3_ Go"g nfut ljlw .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg vl/b ug'{kg]{
k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt c;fdfGo ?kn] hl6n ePsf] jf To:tf] ;]jfn] /fli6«o cy{tGq
jf efjL kl/of]hgfdf pNn]vgLo k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 k"0f{tM
u'0f:t/ ljlwsf] cfwf/df ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|:tfj d"NofÍgsf] cÍef/ pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 . ;f] cÍef/ pNn]v ubf{ pQL0ff{Í ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhd cÍef/ pNn]v ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{
kg]{5 M–
-s_ u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw ckgfO{ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ul/g] eP sfdsf]
k|s[lt / hl6ntf cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] s'n
cÍef/ Ps ;o x'g] u/L / To:tf] s'n cÍef/ dWo] k|fljlws
k|:tfjsf] cÍef/ ;Q/L b]lv gAa] tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] cÍef/
tL;b]lv bz;Dd x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ u'0f:t/ ljlw, lglZrt ah]6 ljlw / Go"g nfut ljlw ckgfO{
k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ul/g] eP k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] s'n cÍef/ Ps ;o
x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-*_ lglZrt ah]6 ljlwaf6 k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ k|:tfj cfXjfg ubf{
pknAw ah]6 k|:tfjdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-(_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ cÍef/ pNn]v
ubf{ k"0ff{Í Ps ;o x'g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cÍsf] ;Ldf ggf£g] u/L sfdsf]
k|s[lt / hl6ntf cg';f/ pko'Qm cÍ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] vf; sfdsf] cg'ejdf s'n cÍsf] bz k|ltzt;Dd,
-v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf / sfo{ If]qut zt{k|ltsf] k|efju|fxLtfdf
s'n cÍsf] aL;b]lv krf; k|ltzt;Dd,
-u_ d'Vo d'Vo hgzlQmsf] of]Uotf / cg'ejdf s'n cÍsf] tL;b]lv
;f7L k|ltzt;Dd,
38
-3_ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f jf tflnddf s'n cÍsf] bz k|ltzt;Dd,
-ª_ :jb]zL hgzlQmsf] ;xeflutfdf s'n cÍsf] bz k|ltzt;Dd .
-!)_ pkljlgod -(_ sf] v08 -ª_ df plNnlvt cÍef/ /fli6«o:t/sf]
k|:tfjsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-!!_ pkljlgod -(_ df plNnlvt ;a} d"NofÍgsf cfwf/nfO{ tLg j6f
pkcfwf/df ljefhg u/L ;f] jfktsf] cÍ ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
$@= k|:tfj vf]Ng] M -!_ k|:tfj bflvnf ug]{ clGtd Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 k|:tfjbftfaf6
k|fKt k|:tfjsf] aflx/L vfd vf]nL k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfjsf l;naGbL vfd
5'6ofpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd 5'6ofO{Psf vfdx? dWo] klxn] k|fljlws
k|:tfj vf]Ng' kg]{5 / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd gvf]nL ;'/lIft;fy 5'§} /fVg' kg]{5 .
To;/L 5'6ofO{Psf] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍg u/]kl5 dfq
vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|:tfj vf]Nbf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
t/, k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] k|:tfj vf]Ng
afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj vf]Ng' cl3 Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]
k|:tfjsf] vfd / /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf k|:tfjsf] vfdnfO{ 5'6ofO{ Dofb gf3L k|fKt
x'g cfPsf k|:tfj gvf]nL ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L lkmtf{
ul/Psf] s'/f, ldlt / ;do vl/b sf/jfxLsf] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd k|:tfj lkmtf{ u/]kl5 /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf
k|:tfjsf] aflx/L vfd qmd};Fu vf]nL ;f]df /x]sf] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] vfd vf]nL
b]xfosf s'/f k9]/ ;'gfO{ ;f]sf] d'r'Nsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftfsf] x:tfIf/ eP gePsf],
-u_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ;RofO{Psf] jf s]/d]6 u/]sf]df
k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/] gu/]sf],
-3_ sDkgLn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] d'r'Nsfdf sDkgLn] pkl:yt k|:tfjbftf jf
lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] b:tvt u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-&_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd vf]lnPsf] k|fljlws k|:tfj sDkgLn] oyfzL3|
d"NofÍg ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
$#= k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg M -!_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ k|:tfj ;DaGwL
sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/ adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
39
-@_ k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍg ubf{ d"NofÍg ;ldltsf k|To]s ;b:on]
5'§f5'§} ?kdf ljlgod $! sf] pkljlgod -(_ df plNnlvt cfwf/ adf]lhd
d"NofÍg u/L k|:tfjbftfn] k|fKt u/]sf] cÍ olsg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd cÍ olsg ePkl5 ;f] ;ldltsf] k|To]s
;b:on] k|bfg u/]sf] cÍ u0fgf u/L To:tf] k|:tfjn] k|fKt u/]sf] cf}ift cÍ lgsfNg'
kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd d"NofÍg u/] kl5 d"NofÍg ;ldltn]
ljlgod $! sf] pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhdsf] pQL0ff{Í k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftfx?sf]
;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rL tof/ ubf{ pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{
k|:tfjbftf b]lv qmd};Fu tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
$$= d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] ljlgod $# adf]lhdsf]
d"NofÍg ;DaGwL sf/jfxL ;DkGg u/] kl5 k|:tfjsf] u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL d"NofÍg
k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t pNn]v
ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] clwsf/k|fKt k|ltlglwsf] ;xL5fk eP jf
gePsf],
-u_ k|:tfjbftf k|:tfj k]z ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf] k'i6ofO{+ ug]{
sfuhftx? k]z eP jf gePsf],
-3_ ;+o'Qm pkj|md ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf cfjZos eP ;f] k]z eP jf
gePsf],
-ª_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k
k|:tfj k"0f{ eP jf gePsf], /
-r_ k|To]s k|:tfjsf] ;fk]lIfs ;jntf, b'j{ntf / d"NofÍg kl/0ffd .
$%= cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] M -!_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgsf] sfo{
;dfKt gx'~h]n cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng' x'Fb}g .
-@_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgaf6 of]Uo eO{ ljlgod $# sf] pkljlgod
-$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf k/]sf k|:tfjbftfsf] dfq cfly{s k|:tfj vf]lng]5 . pQm
;"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g g;s]sf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lghsf] k|fljlws k|:tfj 5gf}6 x'g
g;s]sf] hfgsf/L ;lxt lghsf] cfly{s k|:tfj gvf]nL lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] k|of]hgsf nflu 5gf}6
ePsf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ sDkgLn] cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] :yfg, ldlt / ;do pNn]v
u/L /fli6«o:t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sDtLdf ;ft lbg / cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] k|:tfjsf]
xsdf sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ pkl:yt x'g ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
40
-$_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd vf]Nbf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf]
k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
t/, k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] cfly{s
k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd vf]n]kl5 d"NofÍg
;ldltn] k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd, lghn] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf k|fKt u/]sf] cÍ / cfly{s
k|:tfjdf k|:tfj u/]sf] ;]jf z'Ns k9]/ ;'gfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] d'r"Nsf tof/ ug'{
kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k|:tfljt ;]jf z'Ns,
-u_ k|:tfljt ;]jf z'Nsdf s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfj ul/Psf] eP ;f]sf]
Joxf]/f,
-3_ cÍ / cIf/sf aLr leGgtf eP ;f] leGgtfsf] ljj/0f,
-ª_ cfly{s k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] x:tfIf/ eP
gePsf],
-r_ cfly{s k|:tfjdf s'g} s'/f jf Joxf]/f s]/d]6 u/]sf] eP ;f] 7fpFdf
k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/] gu/]sf] tyf s]/d]6
u/]sf] /sd / Joxf]/f,
-5_ sDkgLn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
$^= cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg M -!_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf cGoyf pNn]v
ul/Psf]df afx]s cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu ;f] k|:tfjdf d"No clej[l4 s/
afx]s k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k/fdz{bftfnfO{ nfUg] s/ tyf k/fdz{bftfsf] e|d0f,
;DalGwt sfuhftsf] cg'jfb, k|ltj]bg 5kfO{ jf lz/f]ef/ vr{ (Overhead
Expenses) h:tf ;f]wegf{ x'g] vr{ ;d]t lghsf] ;]jf z'Nsdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf]
dflgg]5 .
-@_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|To]s k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg ubf{
k|:tfjdf s'g} cÍ ul0ftLo q'6L kfOPdf To:tf] q'6L ;Rofpg ;Sg]5 . To;/L q'6L
;RofpFbf PsfO{ b/ / s'n /sddf leGgtf ePdf PsfO{ b/ dfGo x'g]5 / ;f]xL b/
adf]lhd s'n /sd ;Rofpg' kg]{5 . To;/L q'6L ;RofO{Psf] ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfly{s k|:tfjdf pNn]v u/]sf] /sd cÍ / cIf/df km/s
k/]df cIf/df n]lvPsf] /sd dfGo x'g]5 .
-$_ k|:tfljt saf]n cÍdf k|:tfjbftfn] s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfj u/]sf] s'/f
cfly{s k|:tfj vf]n]sf] d'r'Nsfdf pNn]v ePsf] eP d"NofÍg ;ldltn] To;/L 5'6
lbg k|:tfj ul/Psf] /sd ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ o; ljlgod adf]lhdsf] d"NofÍg u/] kl5 ;a} k|:tfjbftfsf] sfod x'g
cfPsf] saf]n cÍsf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
41
$&= k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 M -!_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw ckgfO{Psf]
ePdf d"NofÍg ;ldltn] b]xfo adf]lhd k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] ;+o'Qm
d"NofÍg u/L ;kmn k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ d"NofÍg ul/g] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] k|fKtfÍnfO{ k|fljlws
k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'6ofOPsf] cÍef/n] u'0fg u/L k|fKt u'0fgkmnnfO{
Ps;on] efu ubf{ cfpg] efukmnsf] cÍ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] v'b
k|fKtfÍ x'g]5 .
-v_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgaf6 ;kmn ePsf k|:tfjx? dWo]
;a}eGbf 36L saf]n cÍnfO{ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'6ofO{Psf]
cÍef/n] u'0fg u/L k|fKt u'0fgkmnnfO{ d"NofÍg ul/g] k|:tfjbftfsf]
saf]n cÍn] efu ubf{ cfpg] efukmnsf] cÍ cfly{s k|:tfjsf]
k|fKtfÍ x'g]5 .
-u_ k|fljlws k|:tfj / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] v"b k|fKtfÍ hf]8L ;+o'Qm
d"NofÍg ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ kfpg] k|:tfjbftf ;kmn dflgg] x'Fbf
lghnfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu M–
-c_ k|fljlws k|:tfjnfO{ 5'6ofOPsf] s'n cÍef/Ö *)
lgwf{l/t pQL0ff{Í Nofpg] s, v, / u k|:tfjbftfn] k|fljlws
k|:tfjdf kfPsf] cÍ M–
s Ö ()
v Ö *%
u Ö *)
pko'{Qm cÍ tyf cÍef/sf] cfwf/df k|fljlws k|:tfjdf kfpg]
cÍ u0fgf ug]{ tl/sf M–
s Ö
90 × 80
100
= 72
v Ö
85 × 80
100
= 68
u Ö
80 × 80
100
= 64
-cf_ cfly{s k|:tfjnfO{ 5'6ofOPsf] cÍef/Ö @)
k|fljlws k|:tfjdf pQL0f{ ePsf s, v / u k|:tfjbftfn]
cfly{s k|:tfjdf saf]n u/]sf] /sd M–
s Ö $,%),))).–
v Ö $,#),))).–
u Ö $,@),))).–
t;y{, ;a}eGbf 36L saf]n u/]sf] /sd Ö $,@),))).–
42
pko'{Qm cÍ tyf cÍef/sf] cfwf/df cfly{s k|:tfjdf kfpg]
cÍ u0fgf ug]{ tl/sf M–
s Ö
420000 × 20
450000
= 18.66
v Ö
420000 × 20
430000
= 19.53
u Ö
420000 × 20
420000
= 20
-O_ k|fljlws k|:tfj / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] ;+o'Qm d"NofÍgaf6
kfpg] s'n cÍ ljj/0f M–
k|:tfjbftf k|fljlws
k|:tfjsf] v'b
k|fKtfÍ
cfly{s
k|:tfjsf] v'b
k|fKtfÍ
s'n cÍ s}lkmot
s &@ !*=^^ ()=^^ ;a}eGbf a9L s'n cÍ kfpg]
k|:tfjbftf æsÆ 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{
v ^* !(=%# *&=%#
u ^$ @)=)) *$
-@_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ u'0f:t/ ljlw ckgfOPsf] ePdf d"NofÍg ;ldltn]
k|fljlws k|:tfjdf pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfj dfq 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ lglZrt ah]6 ljlw ckgfOPsf] ePdf d"NofÍg
;ldltn] To:tf] ah]6sf] ;LdfeGbf a9L nfut ePsf] k|:tfj /2 u/L To:tf] ah]6sf]
;Ldfleq k/]sf] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj
5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ Go"g nfut ljlw ckgfOPsf] ePdf d"NofÍg
;ldltn] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf ;kmn x'g lgwf{l/t Go"gtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftf
dWo] ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 .
$*= k|:tfjbftf;Fu jftf{ ug]{ M -!_ ljlgod $& adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftf;+u
sfo{ If]qut zt{ / k|:tfljt ;]jfsf] sfo{If]q, k|ult k|ltj]bg, sDkgLn] pknAw
u/fpg' kg]{ ;'ljwfsf ljifodf jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . To;/L jftf{ ug'{kg]{ ePdf
sDkgLn] To:tf] k|:tfjbftfnfO{ jftf{sf] ldlt, ;do / :yfg v'nfO{ jftf{ ug{ cfpg
;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ ljlgod $& sf] pkljlgod -@_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cfly{s k|:tfjsf
;DaGwdf k]zfljbx?sf] kfl/>lds ;DaGwdf jftf{ x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/, ;f]wegf{ x'g] k|s[ltsf vr{ ;DaGwdf jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
43
-#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd jftf{ ubf{ sDkgL / k|:tfjbftf b'j}nfO{ :jLsfo{
x'g] ;xdlt xfl;n x'g g;s]df sDkgLn] ljlgod $& sf] pkljlgod -!_, -@_ / -#_
adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf To;kl5sf] pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ / pkljlgod -$_
adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf To;kl5sf] ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] csf]{
k|:tfjbftf;+u qmd};+u jftf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
$(= k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf M -!_ ljlgod $* adf]lhd ePsf] jftf{df ;xdltdf
k'u]sf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug{sf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ul/Psf] ;ft lbgleq sDkgLn] To;/L
5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ /
;"rLdf k/]sf cGo k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbgleq s'g} k|:tfjbftfn]
ljlgod !)* adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu s'g} lgj]bg gu/]df pkljlgod -!_
adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t u/L lghnfO{ ;Demf}tf ug{
cfpg kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq lgh ;Demf}tf ug{ pkl:yt ePdf
lghn] ljlgod *( adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/, lgh ;Demf}tf ug{ pkl:yt gePdf sDkgLn] ljlgod $& sf]
pkljlgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ sf] k|:tfjbftfsf] xsdf To;kl5sf] pRrtd cÍ k|fKt
ug]{ / pkljlgod -$_ sf] k|:tfjbftfsf] xsdf ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] csf]{
k|:tfjbftf;+u qmd};+u jftf{ u/L ljlgod *( adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ ljlgod !)* adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg k/]sf]df o;
ljlgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b–!! adf]lhdsf] k|ls|of k"/f geO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g .
%)= k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug]{ / vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug]{ M b]xfosf s'g} cj:yfdf sDkgLn]
;Dk"0f{ k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug{ jf vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ k|fKt ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfj sfo{If]qut zt{x? cg';f/ ;f/e"t?kdf
k|efju|fxL gePdf,
-v_ nfut cg'dfg / pknAw ah]6eGbf 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf]
nfut ;f/e"t?kdf a9L ePdf,
-u_ k/fdz{ ;]jf cfjZos gkg]{ ePdf, jf
-3_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfk;df ldnf]dtf] u/L k|:tfj lbPsf] k|dfl0ft
ePdf .
t/, ldnf]dtf] gu/]sf k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj pk/ sf/jfxL ug{
;lsg]5 .
44
kl/R5]b–%
l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%!= l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] l;naGbL b/efpkq
cfXjfg ug'{ cl3 b]xfosf s''/fx? pNn]v u/L l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd tof/
ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ dfn;fdfg jf ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ lgdf{0f sfo{ jf
k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ ;]jfsf] :k]l;lkms]zg, u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, cfk"lt{sf
zt{x? / ;do tyf cGo cfjZos s'/fx?sf] ljj/0f,
-v_ l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfsf] of]Uotf -lgdf{0f vl/b afx]s_,
-u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt cfjZos kg]{ eP ;f] s'/f,
-3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq dfGo /xg] cjlw,
-ª_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fddf b/efpkqbftfn] /Ltk"j{s ;xL5fk
u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ s'/f,
-r_ l;naGbL b/efpkq d"NofÍg ug]{ tl/sf,
-5_ dfn;fdfgsf] xsdf jf/]G6L ;DaGwL bfloTj / lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
xsdf q'6L ;Rofpg] cjlw;Ddsf] bfloTj .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL kmf/fd tof/
ePkl5 sfof{no k|d'vn] b/efpkq ;DaGwL sfuhft :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf]
b/efpkqsf] kmf/fddf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf]
b:tvt eO{ 5fk nfu]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
%@= l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg M -!_ sDkgLn] l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg ubf{
/fli6«o jf :yfgLo :t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/ kqdf sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{
b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v u/L ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd kfO{g] :yfg / ;f] jfkt nfUg] b:t'/,
-v_ hdfgt cfjZos kg]{ eP ;f]sf] lsl;d, /sd / ;dofjlw,
-u_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k7fpg] tl/sf tyf k7fpg' kg]{ sfof{no jf
clwsf/Lsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq bflvnf ug'{kg]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do,
-ª_ l;naGbL b/efpkq vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do / :yfg,
-r_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ tLgj6f eGbf sd
l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z x'g cfPdf jf b/efpkq k]z g} gePdf ;f] ;DaGwdf s'g}
s'/f pNn]v gu/L ;f]xL pkljlgod adf]lhd bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg cfjZos
;+Vofdf l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z x'g gcfPdf k]z x'g cfPsf b/efpkq dWo]af6
b/efpkq :jLs[t ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
45
%#= l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fdsf] b:t'/ M l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL kmf/fdsf] b:t'/
tLg xhf/ ?k}ofF /xg]5 .
%$= l;naGbL b/efpkq hdfgt M -!_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL
jf ;+:yfn] l;naGbL b/efpkqsf ;fy cfkm"n] saf]n u/]sf] /sdsf] b'O{ k|ltztb]lv
tLg k|ltzt;Ddsf] /sdn] x'g] gub hdfgt jf sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] jfl0fHo a}Íaf6
gAa] lbgsf] dfGo cjlw /xg] u/L hf/L ePsf] a}Í Uof/]G6L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd /fv]sf] hdfgt
b]xfosf] cj:yfdf hkmt x'g]5 M–
-s_ 5gf}6 ePsf] l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfn] vl/b ;Demf}tf gu/]df,
-v_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fddf plNnlvt sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt
vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{] Dofbleq lbg g;s]df, /
-u_ ljlgod !)# adf]lhdsf] cfr/0f ljk/Lt sfd u/]df .
%%= l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ tyf vf]Ng] M -!_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug{ OR5's
JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lt/L sDkgLaf6 l;naGbL
b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd vl/b u/L ;f]xL kmf/fddf l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ Ps k6s k]z e};s]sf] l;naGbL b/efpkq lkmtf{ jf ;+zf]wg ug{
;lsg] 5}g .
-#_ l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] dfGo cjlw k}+tfnL; lbgsf] x'g]5 .
-$_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ;do ;lsPsf] nut} sDkgLn]
l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf ;Dej eP;Dd
l;naGbL b/efpkqbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd
vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
%^= l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] d"NofÍg tyf :jLs[lt M -!_ l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] d"NofÍg
ubf{ l;naGbL b/efpkq sfuhftdf plNnlvt k|ls|of tyf o; ljlgodfjnLsf]
kl/R5]b–* df plNnlvt af]nkq k/LIf0f tyf d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Joj:yfx? adf]lhd
x'g] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ l;naGbL b/efpkq vf]n]sf] ldltaf6 kGw| lbgleq ljlgod %! sf]
pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] zt{x? k"/f u/L nfut cg'dfgleq k/]sf] ;f/e"t?kdf
k|efju|fxL Go"gtd d"NoflÍt b/efpkq :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L l;naGbL
b/efpkq :jLs[t u/]kl5 ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;a} l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfnfO{ lbg'
kg]{5 .
t/, d"No clej[l4 s/ / :yfoL n]vf btf{ k|df0fkq gePsf JolQm, kmd{ jf
;+:yfsf] b/efpkq :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
46
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd l;naGbL b/efpkq :jLs[t ePsf] ;ft
lbgleq sDkgLn] ;DalGwt b/efpkqbftfnfO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg ;"rgf
lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ b/efpkqbftfn] ;f] ;"rgf
kfPsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq cfk"mn] saf]n u/]sf] cÍsf] kfFr k|ltztn] x'g] gub} jf
sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] s'g} jfl0fHo a}Ín] sDkgLsf] gfddf tf]lsPsf] cjlwsf] nflu hf/L
u/]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt k]z u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
47
kl/R5]b–^
k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf
%&= k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] ;do ;dodf 7"nf / hl6n elg
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ jf kfFr s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L d"Nosf] b"/;~rf/
pks/0f jf dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ jf of]Uo af]nkqbftfsf] klxrfg ug{ af]nkq
cfXjfg ug'{ cl3 k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} lglZrt ;dodf ;DkGg u/L ;Sg' kg]{ g]6js{ lj:tf/sf] 8S6LË
tyf jfo/n]; ;]jfsf] la=6L=P;= h8fgsf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ -h:t}M 6fj/,
ljB'tLs/0f, kfj/ pks/0f, ;]N6/ / Po/ sl08zg/_ sf] lgdf{0f tyf h8fg
sfo{x?nfO{ ljleGg If]q jf Kofs]hdf ljefhg u/L k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L a9Ldf
b'O{ jif{sf] nflu of]Uo k|:tfjs 5gf}6 ug{sf] nflu k|:tfj cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjaf6 5flgPsf
k|:tfjbftfx? aLr d"Nodf k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ Go"gtd d"No k|:tfj ug]{ k|:tfjbftfnfO{
/ To:tf] Go"gtd d"Nodf sfd ug]{ zt{df 5flgPsf dWo]sf cGo k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{
;d]t ljlgod &% sf] pkljlgod -(_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg
hdfgt lnO{ ljlgod *( adf]lhdsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L sfd lbg ;lsg] 5 .
o;/L ljefhg u/L u/fPsf] sfo{ ;Gtf]ifhgs ePdf dfq ;f]xL k|:tfjbftfnfO{ c?
yk sfd lbg ;lsg]5 .
t/, s[lqd k|lt:kwf{ x'g] u/L cfk;df ldn]/ k|:tfj lbPdf jf k|rlnt
ahf/ d"NoeGbf ;f/e"t ?kdf km/s d"Nosf] k|:tfj k|fKt ePdf ;a} k|:tfjx? /2
u/L To:tf k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] ;"lraf6 ;d]t x6fOg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkljlgoddf æd"NoÆ eGgfn] k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjaf6
5flgPsf k|:tfjbftfx?af6 l;naGbL ?kdf k|fKt ePsf] PsfO{ b/nfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-$_ sDkgLn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;~rfngsf] nflu lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfk"lt{ ug{'kg]{
SIM Card, RUIM Card, Recharge Card tyf cGo Cash Cards ;d]tnfO{
pkljlgod -@_, -#_ / -$_ adf]lhd vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-%_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjaf6 5flgPsf
k|:tfjbftfx? aLr pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd d"Nodf k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg l;naGbL
PsfO{ b/ dfu ubf{ /fli6«o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sDtLdf kGw| lbg tyf
cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sDtLdf PSsfO; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;"rgf
k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] ;"rgf sDkgLsf] j]a ;fO{6df klg k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
%*= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ljlgod %& adf]lhd k"j{of]Uotf
lgwf{/0f u/L af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{ jf d"No ;DaGwL k|:tfj dfu ug]{ ePdf sDkgLn]
af]nkq cfXjfg jf d"No ;DaGwL k|:tfj dfu ug'{ cl3 k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL
sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
48
-@_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'/fx? ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfljt sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf, of]Uotfsf cfwf/ /
;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] xsdf ;fem]bf/sf] of]Uotf,
-v_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfkmgf] of]Uotf / u|fXotf k'li6 ug{ k]z ug'{kg]{
sfuhft / hfgsf/L,
-u_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'§f 5'§} ;d"x jf Kofs]h agfO{
vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;d"x jf Kofs]h,
-3_ k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ / k]z ug]{ tl/sf,
-ª_ k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{ k|s[of,
-r_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf d'Vo d'Vo zt{,
-5_ vl/bsf] k|s[lt, vl/b ug{ nfUg] ;dofjlw tyf ;f]sf] k|fljlws
:k]lzlkms]zg, /
-h_ k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ tl/sf, :yfg, clGtd ldlt / ;do .
-em_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfuhftdf k|aGw lgb{]zs jf lghn] tf]s]sf]
clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt / sfof{nosf] 5fk nfu]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
%(= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL cfwf/ :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{ M sDkgLn] k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj
cfXjfg ug'{ cl3 ljlgod ( jf !) adf]lhd lgwf{l/t k"j{ of]Uotfsf cfwf/x?
k|aGw lgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
t/, vl/b sfo{sf] :jLs[lt ;ldltaf6 u/fpg' kg]{ ePdf k"j{of]Uotfsf
cfwf/x? ;d]t ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
^)= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ M -!_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj
cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf /fli6«o :t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 /
cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf cGt/f{li6«o ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;d]t k|sfzg ug{
;lsg]5 . To:tf] ;"rgf sDkgLsf] j]a ;fO{6df klg /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg'
kg]{5 M–
-s_ k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft kfOg] :yfg, k|fKt ug]{ tl/sf /
nfUg] b:t'/,
-u_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj k]z ug]{ :yfg, tl/sf, clGtd ldlt /
;do,
-3_ k|:tfj dfGo x'g] cjlw,
-ª_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do, :yfg / ;dodf
k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ s'/f,
49
-r_ hdfgt dfu ePsf]df ;f] hdfgtsf] dfGo x'g] cjlw,
-5_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .
-#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ /fli6«o:t/sf] k"j{
of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf] xsdf sDtLdf tL; lbg /
cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf] xsdf sDtLdf
k}+tfnL; lbgsf] cjlw lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL
sfuhft kfOg] tyf k]z ug]{ :yfg v'nfpFbf sDkgLsf PseGbf a9L sfof{nox?df
To:tf] sfuhft kfOg] tyf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 .
-%_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwL k|:tfj k]z ug{ cfjZos k"j{ of]Uotf
;DaGwL sfuhft dfu ug]{ ;a} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL, ;+:yfnfO{ sDkgLn] kGw| xhf/
?k}ofF b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf] sfuhft lbg' kg]{5 .
^!= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj d"NofÍg M -!_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj d"NofÍg
;ldlt ;DaGwL Joj:yf ljlgod && adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ qmdzM k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL
sfuhftdf plNnlvt cfwf/ adf]lhd d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ / lt of]Uotfsf k|To]s
cfwf/ k"/f u/] gu/]sf] ljifodf cfjZos k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf cfwf/x? s'g}
e]befj lagf ;a} k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ ;dfg ?kn] nfu' x'g]5g .
-#_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] o; ljlgod adf]lhd u/]sf] k/LIf0fsf] lj:t[t
ljZn]if0f ;lxt b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L cfkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf]
Dofbleq sDkgLdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cfj]bssf] gfd / 7]ufgf,
-v_ cfj]bssf] of]Uotfsf] k|To]s cfwf/ k'li6 ug]{ sfuhft,
-u_ tflnsf cfjZos eP To:tf] tflnsf,
-3_ ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ?kdf k|:tfj k]z ul/Psf] eP ;+o'Qm pkj|md
;DaGwL sfuhftsf] k"0f{tf / To:tf] pkj|mdsf] k|To]s ;fem]bf/sf]
lx:;f / bfloTj,
-ª_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'§f 5'§} ;d"x jf Kofs]h agfO{
vl/b ul/g] ePdf ;f] ;d"x / Kofs]hsf] k/LIf0f ug{ ckgfO{Psf]
k|lqmof tyf To:tf] ;d"x / Kofs]hsf] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu
lngsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePsf cfj]bs, /
-r_ cfj]bs 5gf}6 x'g' jf gx'g'sf] sf/0f .
^@= of]Uo cfj]bssf] 5gf}6 M -!_ of]Uotfsf ;a} cfwf/ k"/f ug]{ cfj]bs of]Uotf
k/LIf0fdf 5gf}6 ePsf] dflgg] / ;a} of]Uotfsf cfwf/ k"/f gug]{ cfj]bs 5gf}6
gePsf] dflgg]5 .
50
-@_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgaf6 5gf}6 ePsf cfj]bssf]
;"rL sDkgLn] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg u/L ;a} cfj]bsnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbgleq k"j{ of]Uotfsf]
k|:tfj c:jLs[t ePsf] s'g} cfj]bsn] lghsf] k|:tfj c:jLs[t ePsf] sf/0fsf]
hfgsf/L dfu u/]df lghnfO{ ;DalGwt sfof{non] To:tf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ 5gf}6 ePsf k"j{of]Uotfsf] cfj]bs ;DalGwt vl/b sf/jfxLsf] nflu
af]nkq k]z ug{ of]Uo ePsf] dflgg]5 .
51
kl/R5]b–&
af]nkq sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf
^#= af]nkqsf k|lj|mof / r/0f M -!_ af]nkqåf/f vl/b ubf{ b]xfosf] k|lj|mof ckgfO{
af]nkq cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg]5 M–
-s_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{,
-v_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f gu/L v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{ .
-@_ v'Nnf ?kdf cfXjfg ul/g] af]nkq Ps jf b'O{ r/0fdf cfXjfg ug{
;lsg]5 .
-#_ ljlgod ^* sf] pkljlgod -!_ df plNnlvt cj:yfdf af]nkq cfXjfg
ug'{ kbf{ b'O{ r/0fdf cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
^$= af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ af]nkq cfXjfg ug'{eGbf cl3
sfdsf] kl/df0f, u'0f:t/, e'QmfgLsf] tl/sf tyf cGo zt{x? ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L
af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft -:k]lzlkms]zg_ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ubf{ oyf;Dej
ldtJolotf tyf sfo{qmd cg';f/ sfd ;DkGg x'g] u/L sfo{ tflnsf ;d]t agfpg'
kg]{5 .
-#_ sDkgLsf] lgb]{zgfno, ljefu jf ;f] cGtu{t sfof{non] pkljlgod -!_
adf]lhd af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ubf{ sDkgLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 :jLs[t
:k]l;lkms]zgsf] ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L tof/ ug{' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft pk/
hfFr tyf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L To:tf] sfhuhft :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/L
;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft -:k]l;lkms]zg_
hfFr tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 x'g] vl/bsf] xsdf M
k|aGw lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] gfoa k|aGw lgb]{zs –;+of]hs
cy{ ljefu, of]hgf ljefu, ljsf; ljefu / dd{t
;Def/ tyf ;~rfng ljefusf
gfoa k|aGw lgb]{zsx? –;b:o
;DalGwt cfof]hgfsf] k|d'v –;b:o
k|aGw lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf ljz]if1x? –;b:o
s]Gb|Lo vl/b OsfO{sf] k|d'v –;b:o ;lrj
52
-v_ lgb]{zgfno, ljefu jf ;f] cGtu{t x'g] vl/bsf] xsdf M
lgb]{zs jf ljefuLo k|d'vn] tf]s]sf]
jl/i7 k|fljlws clws[t –;+of]hs
n]vf k|d'v –;b:o
vl/b;+u ;DalGwt zfvf k|d'v –;b:o
lgb]{zs jf ljefuLo k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if1 –;b:o
vl/b OsfO{sf] k|d'v –;b:o ;lrj
-%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft pk/
pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] hfFr tyf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L :jLs[lt tyf
vl/b sf/jfxL cuf8L a9fpgsf] nflu u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df sfof{no k|d'vn]
To:tf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft :jLs[t ug{' kg]{5 .
-^_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ vl/bsf] k|s[lt, vl/b ug{ nfUg] ;dofjlw tyf ;f]sf] k|fljlws
:k]lzlkms]zg,
-v_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f gu/L af]nkq cfXjfg ePsf] eP ljlgod *,
(, !), !!, !@ / !# adf]lhdsf] af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf tyf
of]Uotfsf cfwf/x?,
-u_ :ynut lg/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf eP ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L,
-3_ af]nkq k]z ug'{ cl3 s'g} a}7s ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L,
-ª_ af]nkqbftfnfO{ af]nkq tof/ ug]{ / k]z ug]{ ;DaGwdf kfngf
ug{' kg{] ljifodf lgb]{zg, af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt, ;do /
:yfg tyf af]nkq vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do / :yfg,
-r_ d"Nosf] ;+/rgf (Component of Price), af]n cÍsf] nflu pNn]v
ug{ ;lsg] d'b|f jf d'b|fx?, af]nkq t'ngf ug{ k|of]u ul/g] d'b|f,
;Da4 ljlgdo b/sf] cfwf/ / ;f]sf] ldlt,
-5_ af]nkq d"NofÍg / af]nkqbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/ / tl/sf,
-h_ :jb]zL dfn;fdfg / :yfgLo lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|fyldstf
lbOg] eP ;f] ;DaGwL Joj:yf,
-em_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'§f5'§} ;d"x / Kofs]h agfO{ vl/b
ug'{kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;d"x / Kofs]h, / ;f]sf] d"NofÍg ug]{ tl/sf,
-`_ k|fljlws :k]lzlkms]zgsf] ljsNksf] k|:tfj ;d]t dfu ul/Psf]
cj:yfdf To:tf] ljsNk d"NofÍg ug]{ tl/sf,
-6_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] s'g} c+zsf] nflu
dfq klg af]nkq k]z ug{ kfO{g] eP To:tf] c+zx?sf] ljj/0f,
-7_ af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw,
-8_ af]nkq, sfo{;Dkfbg jf cGo cfjZos s'/fsf] nflu lbg'kg]{
hdfgtsf] /sd, lsl;d, dfGo 9fFrf / dfGo cjlw (Validity
Period),
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index
Nt financial regulation 2072index

More Related Content

What's hot

Nepal study on judgment execution
Nepal study on judgment executionNepal study on judgment execution
Nepal study on judgment executionChris Bryant
 
Aksharica - 104 (अक्षरिका - १०४)
Aksharica - 104 (अक्षरिका - १०४)Aksharica - 104 (अक्षरिका - १०४)
Aksharica - 104 (अक्षरिका - १०४)Rajesh Koirala
 
महिला हिंसा विरुद्धको वर्ष पुस्तक “अन्वेषी”
महिला हिंसा विरुद्धको वर्ष पुस्तक “अन्वेषी”महिला हिंसा विरुद्धको वर्ष पुस्तक “अन्वेषी”
महिला हिंसा विरुद्धको वर्ष पुस्तक “अन्वेषी”WOREC Nepal
 
Malpot minha
Malpot minhaMalpot minha
Malpot minhaDPNet
 
Aksharica - 099 (अक्षरिका - ०९९)
Aksharica - 099 (अक्षरिका - ०९९)Aksharica - 099 (अक्षरिका - ०९९)
Aksharica - 099 (अक्षरिका - ०९९)Rajesh Koirala
 
Aksharica - 013 (अक्षरिका - ०१३)
Aksharica - 013 (अक्षरिका - ०१३)Aksharica - 013 (अक्षरिका - ०१३)
Aksharica - 013 (अक्षरिका - ०१३)Rajesh Koirala
 
Aksharica - 054 (अक्षरिका - ०५४)
Aksharica - 054 (अक्षरिका - ०५४)Aksharica - 054 (अक्षरिका - ०५४)
Aksharica - 054 (अक्षरिका - ०५४)Rajesh Koirala
 
Safe Schol toolkit Nepali
Safe Schol toolkit NepaliSafe Schol toolkit Nepali
Safe Schol toolkit NepaliDPNet
 
Nepal ldrmp 2011 final
Nepal ldrmp 2011 finalNepal ldrmp 2011 final
Nepal ldrmp 2011 finalDPNet
 
Sphere book 2011 nepali 2013
Sphere book 2011 nepali 2013Sphere book 2011 nepali 2013
Sphere book 2011 nepali 2013DPNet
 
8. landslide and its controll dks 8
8. landslide and its controll dks 88. landslide and its controll dks 8
8. landslide and its controll dks 8DIPECHO Nepal
 
विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१
विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१
विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१Niraj Bartaula
 
Erakv project pamphlet_nepali_version
Erakv project pamphlet_nepali_versionErakv project pamphlet_nepali_version
Erakv project pamphlet_nepali_versionSubhechha Sharma
 
Aksharica - 033 (अक्षरिका - ०३३)
Aksharica - 033 (अक्षरिका - ०३३)Aksharica - 033 (अक्षरिका - ०३३)
Aksharica - 033 (अक्षरिका - ०३३)Rajesh Koirala
 
Ne what is_islam_zarabozo
Ne what is_islam_zarabozoNe what is_islam_zarabozo
Ne what is_islam_zarabozoLoveofpeople
 
Blood donation motivation
Blood donation motivationBlood donation motivation
Blood donation motivationSanjeew Yadav
 
Anbeshi 2018 - status and dimensions of Violence against womeni Nepal
Anbeshi 2018 - status and dimensions of Violence against womeni NepalAnbeshi 2018 - status and dimensions of Violence against womeni Nepal
Anbeshi 2018 - status and dimensions of Violence against womeni NepalWOREC Nepal
 
Aksharica - 006 (अक्षरिका - ००६)
Aksharica - 006 (अक्षरिका - ००६)Aksharica - 006 (अक्षरिका - ००६)
Aksharica - 006 (अक्षरिका - ००६)Rajesh Koirala
 

What's hot (20)

Nepal study on judgment execution
Nepal study on judgment executionNepal study on judgment execution
Nepal study on judgment execution
 
Aksharica - 104 (अक्षरिका - १०४)
Aksharica - 104 (अक्षरिका - १०४)Aksharica - 104 (अक्षरिका - १०४)
Aksharica - 104 (अक्षरिका - १०४)
 
महिला हिंसा विरुद्धको वर्ष पुस्तक “अन्वेषी”
महिला हिंसा विरुद्धको वर्ष पुस्तक “अन्वेषी”महिला हिंसा विरुद्धको वर्ष पुस्तक “अन्वेषी”
महिला हिंसा विरुद्धको वर्ष पुस्तक “अन्वेषी”
 
Malpot minha
Malpot minhaMalpot minha
Malpot minha
 
Aksharica - 099 (अक्षरिका - ०९९)
Aksharica - 099 (अक्षरिका - ०९९)Aksharica - 099 (अक्षरिका - ०९९)
Aksharica - 099 (अक्षरिका - ०९९)
 
Aksharica - 013 (अक्षरिका - ०१३)
Aksharica - 013 (अक्षरिका - ०१३)Aksharica - 013 (अक्षरिका - ०१३)
Aksharica - 013 (अक्षरिका - ०१३)
 
Aksharica - 054 (अक्षरिका - ०५४)
Aksharica - 054 (अक्षरिका - ०५४)Aksharica - 054 (अक्षरिका - ०५४)
Aksharica - 054 (अक्षरिका - ०५४)
 
IND 2014 Subhakamana
IND 2014 SubhakamanaIND 2014 Subhakamana
IND 2014 Subhakamana
 
Safe Schol toolkit Nepali
Safe Schol toolkit NepaliSafe Schol toolkit Nepali
Safe Schol toolkit Nepali
 
Nepal ldrmp 2011 final
Nepal ldrmp 2011 finalNepal ldrmp 2011 final
Nepal ldrmp 2011 final
 
Sphere book 2011 nepali 2013
Sphere book 2011 nepali 2013Sphere book 2011 nepali 2013
Sphere book 2011 nepali 2013
 
Ram Sharan Mehta jiwani Nepali
Ram Sharan Mehta  jiwani NepaliRam Sharan Mehta  jiwani Nepali
Ram Sharan Mehta jiwani Nepali
 
8. landslide and its controll dks 8
8. landslide and its controll dks 88. landslide and its controll dks 8
8. landslide and its controll dks 8
 
विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१
विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१
विपन्न नागरिक औषधि उपचार कोष निर्देशिका २०७१
 
Erakv project pamphlet_nepali_version
Erakv project pamphlet_nepali_versionErakv project pamphlet_nepali_version
Erakv project pamphlet_nepali_version
 
Aksharica - 033 (अक्षरिका - ०३३)
Aksharica - 033 (अक्षरिका - ०३३)Aksharica - 033 (अक्षरिका - ०३३)
Aksharica - 033 (अक्षरिका - ०३३)
 
Ne what is_islam_zarabozo
Ne what is_islam_zarabozoNe what is_islam_zarabozo
Ne what is_islam_zarabozo
 
Blood donation motivation
Blood donation motivationBlood donation motivation
Blood donation motivation
 
Anbeshi 2018 - status and dimensions of Violence against womeni Nepal
Anbeshi 2018 - status and dimensions of Violence against womeni NepalAnbeshi 2018 - status and dimensions of Violence against womeni Nepal
Anbeshi 2018 - status and dimensions of Violence against womeni Nepal
 
Aksharica - 006 (अक्षरिका - ००६)
Aksharica - 006 (अक्षरिका - ००६)Aksharica - 006 (अक्षरिका - ००६)
Aksharica - 006 (अक्षरिका - ००६)
 

Similar to Nt financial regulation 2072index

Aksharica - 069 (अक्षरिका - ०६९)
Aksharica - 069 (अक्षरिका - ०६९)Aksharica - 069 (अक्षरिका - ०६९)
Aksharica - 069 (अक्षरिका - ०६९)Rajesh Koirala
 
Aksharica - 005 (अक्षरिका - ००५)
Aksharica - 005 (अक्षरिका - ००५)Aksharica - 005 (अक्षरिका - ००५)
Aksharica - 005 (अक्षरिका - ००५)Rajesh Koirala
 
2. d ks law and hs
2. d ks law and hs2. d ks law and hs
2. d ks law and hsDPNet
 
violence against women (Nepal)
violence against women   (Nepal)violence against women   (Nepal)
violence against women (Nepal)Ankita Kunwar
 
Aksharica - 096 (अक्षरिका - ०९६)
Aksharica - 096 (अक्षरिका - ०९६)Aksharica - 096 (अक्षरिका - ०९६)
Aksharica - 096 (अक्षरिका - ०९६)Rajesh Koirala
 
7. flood and its manage dks 7
7. flood and its manage dks 77. flood and its manage dks 7
7. flood and its manage dks 7DPNet
 
7. flood and its manage dks 7
7. flood and its manage dks 77. flood and its manage dks 7
7. flood and its manage dks 7DIPECHO Nepal
 
Aksharica - 053 (अक्षरिका - ०५३)
Aksharica - 053 (अक्षरिका - ०५३)Aksharica - 053 (अक्षरिका - ०५३)
Aksharica - 053 (अक्षरिका - ०५३)Rajesh Koirala
 
Aksharica - 118 (अक्षरिका - ११८)
Aksharica - 118 (अक्षरिका - ११८)Aksharica - 118 (अक्षरिका - ११८)
Aksharica - 118 (अक्षरिका - ११८)Rajesh Koirala
 
Aksharica - 052 (अक्षरिका - ०५२)
Aksharica - 052 (अक्षरिका - ०५२)Aksharica - 052 (अक्षरिका - ०५२)
Aksharica - 052 (अक्षरिका - ०५२)Rajesh Koirala
 
Nepal van ain
Nepal van ainNepal van ain
Nepal van ainDPNet
 
Aksharica - 037 (अक्षरिका - ०३७)
Aksharica - 037 (अक्षरिका - ०३७)Aksharica - 037 (अक्षरिका - ०३७)
Aksharica - 037 (अक्षरिका - ०३७)Rajesh Koirala
 
Aksharica - 107 (अक्षरिका - १०७)
Aksharica - 107 (अक्षरिका - १०७)Aksharica - 107 (अक्षरिका - १०७)
Aksharica - 107 (अक्षरिका - १०७)Rajesh Koirala
 
Sampatti suddhikaran
Sampatti suddhikaranSampatti suddhikaran
Sampatti suddhikaranDPNet
 
Aksharica - 121 (अक्षरिका - १२१)
Aksharica - 121 (अक्षरिका - १२१)Aksharica - 121 (अक्षरिका - १२१)
Aksharica - 121 (अक्षरिका - १२१)Rajesh Koirala
 
Aksharica - 088 (अक्षरिका - ०८८)
Aksharica - 088 (अक्षरिका - ०८८)Aksharica - 088 (अक्षरिका - ०८८)
Aksharica - 088 (अक्षरिका - ०८८)Rajesh Koirala
 
Aksharica - 106 (अक्षरिका - १०६)
Aksharica - 106 (अक्षरिका - १०६)Aksharica - 106 (अक्षरिका - १०६)
Aksharica - 106 (अक्षरिका - १०६)Rajesh Koirala
 
Paani kar
Paani karPaani kar
Paani karDPNet
 
Presentation Rangeli.pdf
Presentation Rangeli.pdfPresentation Rangeli.pdf
Presentation Rangeli.pdfYagyaSharma17
 

Similar to Nt financial regulation 2072index (20)

Aksharica - 069 (अक्षरिका - ०६९)
Aksharica - 069 (अक्षरिका - ०६९)Aksharica - 069 (अक्षरिका - ०६९)
Aksharica - 069 (अक्षरिका - ०६९)
 
Aksharica - 005 (अक्षरिका - ००५)
Aksharica - 005 (अक्षरिका - ००५)Aksharica - 005 (अक्षरिका - ००५)
Aksharica - 005 (अक्षरिका - ००५)
 
2. d ks law and hs
2. d ks law and hs2. d ks law and hs
2. d ks law and hs
 
2. d ks law and hs
2. d ks law and hs2. d ks law and hs
2. d ks law and hs
 
violence against women (Nepal)
violence against women   (Nepal)violence against women   (Nepal)
violence against women (Nepal)
 
Aksharica - 096 (अक्षरिका - ०९६)
Aksharica - 096 (अक्षरिका - ०९६)Aksharica - 096 (अक्षरिका - ०९६)
Aksharica - 096 (अक्षरिका - ०९६)
 
7. flood and its manage dks 7
7. flood and its manage dks 77. flood and its manage dks 7
7. flood and its manage dks 7
 
7. flood and its manage dks 7
7. flood and its manage dks 77. flood and its manage dks 7
7. flood and its manage dks 7
 
Aksharica - 053 (अक्षरिका - ०५३)
Aksharica - 053 (अक्षरिका - ०५३)Aksharica - 053 (अक्षरिका - ०५३)
Aksharica - 053 (अक्षरिका - ०५३)
 
Aksharica - 118 (अक्षरिका - ११८)
Aksharica - 118 (अक्षरिका - ११८)Aksharica - 118 (अक्षरिका - ११८)
Aksharica - 118 (अक्षरिका - ११८)
 
Aksharica - 052 (अक्षरिका - ०५२)
Aksharica - 052 (अक्षरिका - ०५२)Aksharica - 052 (अक्षरिका - ०५२)
Aksharica - 052 (अक्षरिका - ०५२)
 
Nepal van ain
Nepal van ainNepal van ain
Nepal van ain
 
Aksharica - 037 (अक्षरिका - ०३७)
Aksharica - 037 (अक्षरिका - ०३७)Aksharica - 037 (अक्षरिका - ०३७)
Aksharica - 037 (अक्षरिका - ०३७)
 
Aksharica - 107 (अक्षरिका - १०७)
Aksharica - 107 (अक्षरिका - १०७)Aksharica - 107 (अक्षरिका - १०७)
Aksharica - 107 (अक्षरिका - १०७)
 
Sampatti suddhikaran
Sampatti suddhikaranSampatti suddhikaran
Sampatti suddhikaran
 
Aksharica - 121 (अक्षरिका - १२१)
Aksharica - 121 (अक्षरिका - १२१)Aksharica - 121 (अक्षरिका - १२१)
Aksharica - 121 (अक्षरिका - १२१)
 
Aksharica - 088 (अक्षरिका - ०८८)
Aksharica - 088 (अक्षरिका - ०८८)Aksharica - 088 (अक्षरिका - ०८८)
Aksharica - 088 (अक्षरिका - ०८८)
 
Aksharica - 106 (अक्षरिका - १०६)
Aksharica - 106 (अक्षरिका - १०६)Aksharica - 106 (अक्षरिका - १०६)
Aksharica - 106 (अक्षरिका - १०६)
 
Paani kar
Paani karPaani kar
Paani kar
 
Presentation Rangeli.pdf
Presentation Rangeli.pdfPresentation Rangeli.pdf
Presentation Rangeli.pdf
 

More from kpphelu

U2020 virtualization solution overview (eular os, taishan)
U2020 virtualization solution overview (eular os, taishan)U2020 virtualization solution overview (eular os, taishan)
U2020 virtualization solution overview (eular os, taishan)kpphelu
 
MS Word Tip: Character to symbol conversion in Microsoft Word
MS Word Tip: Character to symbol conversion in Microsoft WordMS Word Tip: Character to symbol conversion in Microsoft Word
MS Word Tip: Character to symbol conversion in Microsoft Wordkpphelu
 
NTC Question level 8 open 2074 chaitra
NTC Question level 8 open 2074 chaitraNTC Question level 8 open 2074 chaitra
NTC Question level 8 open 2074 chaitrakpphelu
 
Ch 1 optical fiber introduction
Ch 1 optical fiber introductionCh 1 optical fiber introduction
Ch 1 optical fiber introductionkpphelu
 
Syllabus for Level 7 to Level 8
Syllabus for Level 7 to Level 8Syllabus for Level 7 to Level 8
Syllabus for Level 7 to Level 8kpphelu
 
Tu 39th convocation
Tu 39th convocationTu 39th convocation
Tu 39th convocationkpphelu
 
Radio installation
Radio installationRadio installation
Radio installationkpphelu
 
Radio installation
Radio installationRadio installation
Radio installationkpphelu
 
KPI measurement
KPI measurementKPI measurement
KPI measurementkpphelu
 
Nijamati sewa-puraskar-paripatra
Nijamati sewa-puraskar-paripatraNijamati sewa-puraskar-paripatra
Nijamati sewa-puraskar-paripatrakpphelu
 

More from kpphelu (10)

U2020 virtualization solution overview (eular os, taishan)
U2020 virtualization solution overview (eular os, taishan)U2020 virtualization solution overview (eular os, taishan)
U2020 virtualization solution overview (eular os, taishan)
 
MS Word Tip: Character to symbol conversion in Microsoft Word
MS Word Tip: Character to symbol conversion in Microsoft WordMS Word Tip: Character to symbol conversion in Microsoft Word
MS Word Tip: Character to symbol conversion in Microsoft Word
 
NTC Question level 8 open 2074 chaitra
NTC Question level 8 open 2074 chaitraNTC Question level 8 open 2074 chaitra
NTC Question level 8 open 2074 chaitra
 
Ch 1 optical fiber introduction
Ch 1 optical fiber introductionCh 1 optical fiber introduction
Ch 1 optical fiber introduction
 
Syllabus for Level 7 to Level 8
Syllabus for Level 7 to Level 8Syllabus for Level 7 to Level 8
Syllabus for Level 7 to Level 8
 
Tu 39th convocation
Tu 39th convocationTu 39th convocation
Tu 39th convocation
 
Radio installation
Radio installationRadio installation
Radio installation
 
Radio installation
Radio installationRadio installation
Radio installation
 
KPI measurement
KPI measurementKPI measurement
KPI measurement
 
Nijamati sewa-puraskar-paripatra
Nijamati sewa-puraskar-paripatraNijamati sewa-puraskar-paripatra
Nijamati sewa-puraskar-paripatra
 

Recently uploaded

如何办理(CQU毕业证书)中央昆士兰大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(CQU毕业证书)中央昆士兰大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(CQU毕业证书)中央昆士兰大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(CQU毕业证书)中央昆士兰大学毕业证学位证书SD DS
 
如何办理(USF文凭证书)美国旧金山大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(USF文凭证书)美国旧金山大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(USF文凭证书)美国旧金山大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(USF文凭证书)美国旧金山大学毕业证学位证书Fs Las
 
Test Identification Parade & Dying Declaration.pptx
Test Identification Parade & Dying Declaration.pptxTest Identification Parade & Dying Declaration.pptx
Test Identification Parade & Dying Declaration.pptxsrikarna235
 
如何办理密德萨斯大学毕业证(本硕)Middlesex学位证书
如何办理密德萨斯大学毕业证(本硕)Middlesex学位证书如何办理密德萨斯大学毕业证(本硕)Middlesex学位证书
如何办理密德萨斯大学毕业证(本硕)Middlesex学位证书FS LS
 
Rights of under-trial Prisoners in India
Rights of under-trial Prisoners in IndiaRights of under-trial Prisoners in India
Rights of under-trial Prisoners in IndiaAbheet Mangleek
 
如何办理(SFSta文凭证书)美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(SFSta文凭证书)美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(SFSta文凭证书)美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(SFSta文凭证书)美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书Fs Las
 
Arbitration, mediation and conciliation in India
Arbitration, mediation and conciliation in IndiaArbitration, mediation and conciliation in India
Arbitration, mediation and conciliation in IndiaNafiaNazim
 
Model Call Girl in Haqiqat Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Haqiqat Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝Model Call Girl in Haqiqat Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Haqiqat Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝soniya singh
 
Constitutional Values & Fundamental Principles of the ConstitutionPPT.pptx
Constitutional Values & Fundamental Principles of the ConstitutionPPT.pptxConstitutional Values & Fundamental Principles of the ConstitutionPPT.pptx
Constitutional Values & Fundamental Principles of the ConstitutionPPT.pptxsrikarna235
 
An Analysis of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955
An Analysis of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955An Analysis of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955
An Analysis of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955Abheet Mangleek
 
Comparison of GenAI benchmarking models for legal use cases
Comparison of GenAI benchmarking models for legal use casesComparison of GenAI benchmarking models for legal use cases
Comparison of GenAI benchmarking models for legal use casesritwikv20
 
FINALTRUEENFORCEMENT OF BARANGAY SETTLEMENT.ppt
FINALTRUEENFORCEMENT OF BARANGAY SETTLEMENT.pptFINALTRUEENFORCEMENT OF BARANGAY SETTLEMENT.ppt
FINALTRUEENFORCEMENT OF BARANGAY SETTLEMENT.pptjudeplata
 
John Hustaix - The Legal Profession: A History
John Hustaix - The Legal Profession:  A HistoryJohn Hustaix - The Legal Profession:  A History
John Hustaix - The Legal Profession: A HistoryJohn Hustaix
 
昆士兰科技大学毕业证学位证成绩单-补办步骤澳洲毕业证书
昆士兰科技大学毕业证学位证成绩单-补办步骤澳洲毕业证书昆士兰科技大学毕业证学位证成绩单-补办步骤澳洲毕业证书
昆士兰科技大学毕业证学位证成绩单-补办步骤澳洲毕业证书1k98h0e1
 
VIETNAM – LATEST GUIDE TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AND TOLLING AGREEMENTS
VIETNAM – LATEST GUIDE TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AND TOLLING AGREEMENTSVIETNAM – LATEST GUIDE TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AND TOLLING AGREEMENTS
VIETNAM – LATEST GUIDE TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AND TOLLING AGREEMENTSDr. Oliver Massmann
 
Good Governance Practices for protection of Human Rights (Discuss Transparen...
Good Governance Practices for protection  of Human Rights (Discuss Transparen...Good Governance Practices for protection  of Human Rights (Discuss Transparen...
Good Governance Practices for protection of Human Rights (Discuss Transparen...shubhuc963
 
如何办理(Rice毕业证书)莱斯大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(Rice毕业证书)莱斯大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(Rice毕业证书)莱斯大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(Rice毕业证书)莱斯大学毕业证学位证书SD DS
 
如何办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学位证书SD DS
 
Key Factors That Influence Property Tax Rates
Key Factors That Influence Property Tax RatesKey Factors That Influence Property Tax Rates
Key Factors That Influence Property Tax RatesHome Tax Saver
 
Law360 - How Duty Of Candor Figures In USPTO AI Ethics Guidance
Law360 - How Duty Of Candor Figures In USPTO AI Ethics GuidanceLaw360 - How Duty Of Candor Figures In USPTO AI Ethics Guidance
Law360 - How Duty Of Candor Figures In USPTO AI Ethics GuidanceMichael Cicero
 

Recently uploaded (20)

如何办理(CQU毕业证书)中央昆士兰大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(CQU毕业证书)中央昆士兰大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(CQU毕业证书)中央昆士兰大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(CQU毕业证书)中央昆士兰大学毕业证学位证书
 
如何办理(USF文凭证书)美国旧金山大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(USF文凭证书)美国旧金山大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(USF文凭证书)美国旧金山大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(USF文凭证书)美国旧金山大学毕业证学位证书
 
Test Identification Parade & Dying Declaration.pptx
Test Identification Parade & Dying Declaration.pptxTest Identification Parade & Dying Declaration.pptx
Test Identification Parade & Dying Declaration.pptx
 
如何办理密德萨斯大学毕业证(本硕)Middlesex学位证书
如何办理密德萨斯大学毕业证(本硕)Middlesex学位证书如何办理密德萨斯大学毕业证(本硕)Middlesex学位证书
如何办理密德萨斯大学毕业证(本硕)Middlesex学位证书
 
Rights of under-trial Prisoners in India
Rights of under-trial Prisoners in IndiaRights of under-trial Prisoners in India
Rights of under-trial Prisoners in India
 
如何办理(SFSta文凭证书)美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(SFSta文凭证书)美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(SFSta文凭证书)美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(SFSta文凭证书)美国旧金山州立大学毕业证学位证书
 
Arbitration, mediation and conciliation in India
Arbitration, mediation and conciliation in IndiaArbitration, mediation and conciliation in India
Arbitration, mediation and conciliation in India
 
Model Call Girl in Haqiqat Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Haqiqat Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝Model Call Girl in Haqiqat Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
Model Call Girl in Haqiqat Nagar Delhi reach out to us at 🔝8264348440🔝
 
Constitutional Values & Fundamental Principles of the ConstitutionPPT.pptx
Constitutional Values & Fundamental Principles of the ConstitutionPPT.pptxConstitutional Values & Fundamental Principles of the ConstitutionPPT.pptx
Constitutional Values & Fundamental Principles of the ConstitutionPPT.pptx
 
An Analysis of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955
An Analysis of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955An Analysis of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955
An Analysis of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955
 
Comparison of GenAI benchmarking models for legal use cases
Comparison of GenAI benchmarking models for legal use casesComparison of GenAI benchmarking models for legal use cases
Comparison of GenAI benchmarking models for legal use cases
 
FINALTRUEENFORCEMENT OF BARANGAY SETTLEMENT.ppt
FINALTRUEENFORCEMENT OF BARANGAY SETTLEMENT.pptFINALTRUEENFORCEMENT OF BARANGAY SETTLEMENT.ppt
FINALTRUEENFORCEMENT OF BARANGAY SETTLEMENT.ppt
 
John Hustaix - The Legal Profession: A History
John Hustaix - The Legal Profession:  A HistoryJohn Hustaix - The Legal Profession:  A History
John Hustaix - The Legal Profession: A History
 
昆士兰科技大学毕业证学位证成绩单-补办步骤澳洲毕业证书
昆士兰科技大学毕业证学位证成绩单-补办步骤澳洲毕业证书昆士兰科技大学毕业证学位证成绩单-补办步骤澳洲毕业证书
昆士兰科技大学毕业证学位证成绩单-补办步骤澳洲毕业证书
 
VIETNAM – LATEST GUIDE TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AND TOLLING AGREEMENTS
VIETNAM – LATEST GUIDE TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AND TOLLING AGREEMENTSVIETNAM – LATEST GUIDE TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AND TOLLING AGREEMENTS
VIETNAM – LATEST GUIDE TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURING AND TOLLING AGREEMENTS
 
Good Governance Practices for protection of Human Rights (Discuss Transparen...
Good Governance Practices for protection  of Human Rights (Discuss Transparen...Good Governance Practices for protection  of Human Rights (Discuss Transparen...
Good Governance Practices for protection of Human Rights (Discuss Transparen...
 
如何办理(Rice毕业证书)莱斯大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(Rice毕业证书)莱斯大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(Rice毕业证书)莱斯大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(Rice毕业证书)莱斯大学毕业证学位证书
 
如何办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学位证书如何办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学位证书
如何办理(ISU毕业证书)爱荷华州立大学毕业证学位证书
 
Key Factors That Influence Property Tax Rates
Key Factors That Influence Property Tax RatesKey Factors That Influence Property Tax Rates
Key Factors That Influence Property Tax Rates
 
Law360 - How Duty Of Candor Figures In USPTO AI Ethics Guidance
Law360 - How Duty Of Candor Figures In USPTO AI Ethics GuidanceLaw360 - How Duty Of Candor Figures In USPTO AI Ethics Guidance
Law360 - How Duty Of Candor Figures In USPTO AI Ethics Guidance
 

Nt financial regulation 2072index

  • 1. g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8 -g]kfn 6]lnsd_ g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8, cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)&! -@)&@ a};fv ! ut] b]lv nfu"_
  • 2. k|sfzs g]kfn 6]lnsd g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8 s]Gb|Lo sfof{no eb|sfnL Knfhf, sf7df8f}+, 6]=g+= M $@!)!)^, $@!))@!, $@!))(&, $@!))((, $@!))#) klxnf] ;+:s/0f, @)&@ c;f/
  • 3. g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8, cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)&! ljifo ;"lr ljlgod ljifo k[i7 ;+= efu ! k|f/lDes ! ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De 1 @ kl/efiff 1–5 # ljlgodfjnLsf] JofVof 5 efu @ vl/b ;DalGw sfo{ljlw kl/R5]b–!M vl/b of]hgf tyf vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L $ vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L ug'{kg]{ 7 % vl/bsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ ug'{kg]{ 7-8 ^ jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{kg]{ 8-9 & vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L 9-10 kl/R5]b–@M of]Uotfsf cfwf/, k|fljlws Ifdtf / k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg * af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf 11 ( dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ 12-13 !) lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ 13-14 !! k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ 14-15 !@ k|fljlws ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ 15 !# ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ 15-16 !$ cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf v'Ng] sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg] 16-17 kl/R5]b–#M vl/b ljlw tyf k|ls|of !% vl/b cfb]zaf6 vl/b ug'{kg]{ 18 !^ vl/b dfu k|fKt ug'{kg]{ 18 !& ah]6 tyf lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf 18 !* dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{kg]{ 18-19 !( nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / cBfjlws ug{'kg]{ 19-20 @) lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg 20
  • 4. @! dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg 21 @@ k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg 21 @# cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg 21-22 @$ nfut cg'dfgsf] :jLs[lt 22 @% :yfoL n]vf gDa/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf;+u vl/b ug'{kg]{ 22 @^ vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ 22-23 @& v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq jf l;naGbL b/efpkq jf k|:tfj cfJxfg u/L vl/b ug'{kg]{ 23 @* crn ;DklQ k|flKt Pj+ vl/b Joj:yf 23-24 @( dfn;fdfg vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf 24 #) 9'jfgL, lSnol/Ë tyf kmjf{l8{Ë ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] Joj:yf 24 #! lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfd u/fpg] Joj:yf 24-25 #@ cGo ;]jf vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf 25-26 ## k|fljlws ;]jf k|flKt tyf vl/b Joj:yf 26-28 #$ sfof{nosf] nflu 3/ hUuf / pks/0f ef8fdf lng] Joj:yf 28-30 #% ;f]e}m vl/b ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf 30-32 #^ ljz]if kl/l:yltdf vl/b ug{] ;DaGwL Joj:yf 32 #& cdfgtaf6 sfd ug]{ 32-33 #* ljlgodfjnL cfslif{t gx'g] 33 kl/R5]b–$M k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ljlw tyf k|ls|of #( k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] 34 $) v'Nnf ?kdf cfzokq dfu u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{kg]{ 34-35 $! k|:tfj dfu ug]{ 36-38 $@ k|:tfj vf]Ng] 38 $# k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"Nof°g 38-39 $$ d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{ 39 $% cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] 39-40 $^ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg 40 $& k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 41-42 $* k|:tfjbftf;+u jftf{ ug]{ 42-43 $( k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf 43 %) k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug]{ / vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug]{ 43
  • 5. kl/R5]b–%M l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf %! l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd tof/ ug'{kg]{ 44 %@ l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg 44 %# l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fdsf] b:t'/ 45 %$ l;naGbL b/efpkq hdfgt 45 %% l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ tyf vf]Ng] 45 %^ l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] d"NofÍg tyf :jLs[tL 45-46 kl/R5]b–^M k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf %& k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ 47 %* k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{kg]{ 47-48 %( k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL cfwf/ :jLs[t u/fpg'kg]{ 48 ^) k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ 48-49 ^! k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj d"NofÍg 49 ^@ of]Uo cfj]bssf] 5gf}6 49-50 kl/R5]b–&M af]nkq sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf ^# af]nkqsf k|lj|mof / r/0f 51 ^$ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{kg]{ 51-56 ^% af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] b:t'/ 56-57 ^^ af]nkq cfXjfg 57-58 ^& cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] af]nkq cfXjfg 58 ^* b'O{ r/0fsf] af]nkq cfXjfg 58-59 ^( af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ePsf] låljwf af/]sf] hfgsf/L 59 &) af]nkq k]z ug'{ k"j{sf] a}7s 60 &! af]nkq k]z ug]{ tyf vf]Ng] 60-61 &@ ljb]zLn] af]nkq k]z ubf{ v'nfpg'kg{] s'/fx¿ 61 &# af]nkq lkmtf{ jf ;+zf]wg 61-62 &$ af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw 62 &% af]nkq hdfgt tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt 62-64
  • 6. kl/R5]b–*M af]nkq k/LIf0f tyf d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Joj:Yff &^ af]nkqdf sf/jfxL gx'g] 65 && d"Nof°g ;ldlt 65-66 &* af]nkq k/LIf0f 66-67 &( af]nkq d"NofÍg 67-68 *) af]nkqsf] k|fljlws kIfsf] d"Nof°g 68-69 *! af]nkqsf] Jofkfl/s kIfsf] d"Nof°g 69 *@ af]nkqsf] cfly{s kIfsf] d"Nof°g 69-70 *# lgdf{0f sfo{sf] af]nkqsf] ljz]if d"NofÍg 70-71 *$ k|ltj]bg k]z ug{'kg]{ 71 kl/R5]b–(M af]nkq :jLs[lt / vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL Joj:yf *% af]nkq :jLs[t ug{] clwsf/L / lghsf] st{Jo 72 *^ af]nkq c:jLs[t ug{] jf vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug{] 72-73 *& cg'lrt k|efjdf kfg{ / kg{ gx'g] 73 ** af]nkqsf] :jLs[lt / vl/b ;Demf}tf 73-74 *( vl/b ;Demf}tf / ;f]sf zt{x? 74-75 () ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog 75-76 (! aLdf u/fpg' kg{] 76-77 (@ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg 77-78 (# e]l/P;g cfb]z 78-79 ($ vl/b ;Demf}tfdf d"No ;dfof]hg 79-80 (% vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb yk tyf k"j{ lgwf{l/t Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ug{] 80-81 (^ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{k|ult cg'udg ug{] 81 (& k|fljlwssf] lhDd]jf/L 82 (* sfo{ ;DkGg k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ 82-83 (( vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo / ;f]sf] pkrf/ 83-84 !)) lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{ tyf ;]jf k|bfosnfO{ e'QmfgL lbg] 84-86 !)! ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL Joj:yf 86-87 kl/R5]b–!)M kf/blz{tf tyf cfr/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf !)@ sDkgLsf] vl/b sfo{df ;+nUg kbflwsf/Lsf] cfr/0f 88 !)# b/efpkqbftf jf af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] cfr/0f 89
  • 7. !)$ sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg n]lv k7fpg] 90 !)% ;~rf/sf ljlw 91 !)^ ljB'tLo ;~rf/sf] dfWodaf6 vl/b sf/f]af/ x'g ;Sg] 91 !)& vl/b sf/jfxLsf] clen]v /fVg'kg{] 91-92 kl/R5]b–!!M vl/b sf/jfxL jf lg0f{osf] k'g/fjnf]sg ;DaGwL Joj:yf !)* vl/b sf/jfxL jf lg0f{osf] k'g/fjnf]sg 93 !)( vl/b sf/jfxL /f]Ssf ug'{kg{] 93-94 kl/R5]b–!@M vl/b ;DaGwL clwsf/ !!) nfut cg'dfg :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg] 95 !!! crn ;DklQ vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 95 !!@ dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 95 !!# 9'jfgL, lSnol/Ë tyf kmjf{l8{Ë ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] 95-96 !!$ lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] 96 !!% cGo ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 96 !!^ k|fljlws ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 96 !!& 3/, uf]bfd, hUuf tyf pks/0f ef8fdf lng ;Sg] 96 !!* ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;Sg] 96 !!( cdfgtaf6 sfo{ u/fpg] 97 !@) k/fdz{ ;]jf lng ;Sg] 97 !@! ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ tyf ;Demf}tf ;+zf]wg ug]{ 97 !@@ e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg] 97 !@# Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg] 97-98 !@$ clwsf/ k|of]u, k|Tofof]hg tyf pQ/bfloTj 98 kl/R5]b–!#M vl/b ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf !@% cfo afF8kmfF8sf] ?kdf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf 99-101 !@^ cGo Joj:yf 101
  • 8. efu # cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw kl/R5]b–!M of]hgf th'{df, jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6 !@& of]hgf, jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6 tof/ ug'{kg]{ 103 !@* jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 ;~rfng 103 !@( ah]6 /sdfGt/ ug]{ 103-104 !#) jflif{s cfo–Joo ah]6 tyf sfo{s|d k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ 104 !#! sDkgLsf] k|fljlws / Jofj;flos Ifdtf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{ 104 kl/R5]b–@M cfDbfgL tyf vr{ ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw !#@ cfDbfgL tyf w/f}6L /sd a}Í bflvnf ug'{kg]{ 105 !## vftf ;~rfng 105 !#$ sDkgLn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx?sf] dxz'n b/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf 105-106 !#% cGt/cfj4tf tyf 6«flkms cfo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf 106-107 !#^ /fhZj sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf 107 !#& nufgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf 107-108 !#* vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf 108 !#( ;fgf] gubL sf]if 108 !$) k]ZsL lbg] tyf km5{of}6 ug]{ 108-109 kl/R5]b–#M sDkgLsf] ;DklQsf] lhDdf, To;sf] nut, ;+/If0f / a/a'emf/y !$! sDkgLsf] ;DklQsf] lhDdf, To;sf] nut / ;+/If0f 110 !$@ dfn;fdfgsf] k|flKt, lgsf;f, x:tfGt/0f tyf clGtd df}Hbftsf] d"NofÍg 110-111 !$# dfn;fdfgsf] df}Hbftsf] lg/LIf0f / ljj/0f 111-112 !$$ a/a'emf/y ug]{ 112-113 kl/R5]b–$M n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f / a]?h' km5of}{6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf !$% lx;fa lstfa 114 !$^ sf/f]af/sf] n]vf /fVg] 114-115 !$& cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] 115 !$* n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] 115
  • 9. !$( cfo ;'lglZrttfsf] k/LIf0f u/fpg] 116 !%) sfo{ ;Dkfbg k/LIf0f u/fpg] 116 !%! k|fljlws k/LIf0f u/fpg] 116 !%@ n]vf g/fVg], k|ltj]bg k]z gug]{, n]vfk/LIf0f jf cGo k/LIf0f gu/fpg]nfO{ sf/jfxL x'g] 117 !%# a]?h' clen]v tyf km5of}{6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf 117 !%$ a]?h' km5of}{6, d"Nof°g / cg'udg ;ldlt 117-118 !%% n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt 118-119 !%^ n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ 119-120 kl/R5]b–%M st{Jo tyf pQ/bfloTj !%& sfof{no k|d'vsf] pQ/bfloTj 121 !%* n]vf k|d'vsf] pQ/bfloTj 121-122 kl/R5]b–^M ljljw !%( lnnfd ug{] tyf w'Nofpg] Joj:yf 123-125 !^) ldGxf lbg] Joj:yf 125-126 !^! cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL clwsf/ 126 !^@ sldl6 u7g ug]{ tyf ;+of]hs tf]Sg] 126 !^# ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ug{'kg{] 127 !^$ clu|d cfos/ sl§ gu/]sf]df hjfkmb]xL 127 !^% ;jf/L nua's 127 !^^ dfu kmf/fd 127 !^& cGo cfly{s Joj:yf 127 !^* vf/]hL tyf arfp 127
  • 10. 1 g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8, cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)&! ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -@_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L sDkgL P]g @)^# sf] cwLgdf /xL sDkgLsf] k|aGwkqsf] bkmf $ sf] v08 -5_ sf] pkv08 -@%_ ;d]tsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8 ;~rfns ;ldltn] b]xfosf] ljlgodx? agfPsf] 5 . efu–! k|f/lDes != ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ oL ljlgodx?sf] gfd æg]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8, cfly{s ljlgodfjnL, @)&!Æ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] ljlgodfjnL ;Dat @)&@ ;fnsf] j}zfv ! ut] b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 . @= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ljlgodfjnLdf,– -s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] sDkgL P]g, @)^# ;Demg' k5{ . -v_ ævl/b P]gÆ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# ;Demg' k5{ . -u_ æsDkgLÆ eGgfn] P]g cGtu{t ul7t g]kfn b"/;~rf/ sDkgL lnld6]8 ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sDkgLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, lgb]{zgfno, ljefu / sfof{nonfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 . -3_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;~rfns ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ . -ª_ æcWoIfÆ eGgfn] ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ ;b:o ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . -r_ æ;b:oÆ eGgfn] ;ldltsf] ;b:o ;Demg' k5{ . -5_ æsfof{noÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no / ;f] cGtu{t /x]sf 5'§} k|zf;sLo sfo{If]q tf]lsPsf lgb]{zgfno, cfof]hgf, ljefu jf OsfO{x? ;Demg' k5{ . -h_ æn]vf sfof{noÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no jf lgb]{zgfnoaf6 lgsf;f k|fKt u/L cfo Joo b'j}sf] lx;fa /fvL ;Gt'ng k/LIf0f (Trial Balance) tyf cGo cfly{s ljj/0f ;lxt tfn's sfof{nodf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{ bfloTj ePsf] sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ . -em_ ætfn's sfof{noÆ eGgfn] ;DalGwt sfof{noeGbf dflyNnf] txsf] sfof{no ;Demg' k5{ . -`_ æk|aGw lgb{]zsÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] k|aGw lgb]{zs ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sDkgLsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ k|aGw ;~rfns ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
  • 11. 2 -6_ æsfof{no k|d'vÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] sfof{nosf] k|d'v eO{ sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L ;Demg' k5{ . -7_ æljefuLo k|d'vÆ eGgfn] gfoa k|aGw lgb]{zs, lgb]{zs tyf bzf}+ tx / ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] txsf sfof{no k|d'v ;Demg' k5{ . -8_ æcfly{s jif{Æ eGgfn] ;fpg ! ut]b]lv csf]{ ;fnsf] c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsf] cjlw ;Demg' k5{ . -9_ æclwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] of] ljlgodfjnL jf o; cGtu{t hf/L cfb]z / lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd vl/b ;DaGwL sfo{ :jLs[t ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;Demg' k5{ . -0f_ æPs tx dflysf] clwsf/LÆ eGgfn] If]qLo lgb]{zgfno cGtu{tsf n]vf sfof{nosf] xsdf ;DalGwt If]qLo lgb]{zgfno k|d'v, lgb]{zgfno cGtu{tsf ljefu jf sfof{nosf] xsdf ;DalGwt lgb]{zgfno k|d'v tyf If]qLo lgb]{zgfno, lgb]{zgfno / ljefusf] xsdf k|aGw lgb]{zs / k|aGw lgb{]zssf] xsdf ;ldltnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -t_ ævl/bÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g} dfn;fdfg, crn ;DklQ, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ jf 9'jfgL tyf lSnol/Ë sfo{ u/fpg] jf s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ jf u/fpg] sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ . -y_ ævl/b ;Demf}tfÆ eGgfn] sDkgL / cfk"lt{stf{ jf lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jfk|bfos aLr o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd ePsf] vl/b tyf k|flKt ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf ;Demg' k5{ . -b_ ædfn;fdfgÆ eGgfn] rn jf crn h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] j:t' ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] j:t' cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{sf] cfg'iflËs -;xfos_ ;]jf tyf ;km6j]o/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . -w_ æcrn ;DklQÆ eGgfn] hUuf, 3/, ejg jf o:t} k|sf/sf ;+/rgf ;Demg' k5{ . -g_ ælgdf{0f sfo{Æ eGgfn] s'g} ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{, k'gM lgdf{0f ug]{, eTsfpg], dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ jf lh0ff{]4f/ ug]{ sfo{;+u ;DalGwt lgdf{0f :yn tof/ ug]{, vGg], 78ofpg], agfpg], pks/0f jf dfn;dfg h8fg ug]{, ;hfpg] cflb h:tf sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] gS;f agfpg], k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f ug]{, e"pku|xLo kmf]6f] lvRg], e"sDkLo k/LIf0f ug]{ h:tf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cfg'iflËs -;xfos_ ;]jf ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . -k_ æk/fdz{ ;]jfÆ eGgfn] s'g} cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ;e]{If0f, l8hfOg, 8«O{Ë, ;'k/Lj]If0f, tfnLd, k/LIf0f ug]{ sfd, ;km6j]o/sf] ljsf; jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo af}l4s jf k]zfut ;]jf ;Demg' k5{ .
  • 12. 3 -km_ æk|fljlws ;]jfÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu hl8t k|ljlwdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf cTofjZos x'g] k|fljlws ;]jf sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] /f]ldË 8f6f lSnol/Ë, kmfOgflG;on lSnol/Ë, P;=Pd=P;= xlaË, l;UglnË lnÍ h:tf ;]jf sfo{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . -a_ æcGo ;]jfÆ eGgfn] ;jf/L ;fwg, pks/0f jf dfn;fdfg ef8fdf lng] tyf dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] sfof{no ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos ;]jfx? ;'/Iff, lr¶Lkq cf];f/ k;f/, kmf]6f]skL, rd]gfu[x, sfof{no tyf pks/0f ;/;kmfO{, au}+rf ;Def/, lj1fkg ;]jf, Jofkf/ k|jB{g tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;]jf tyf cGo k|zf;lgs ;]jfx? ;lxt :yfgLo ?kdf k|fKt ul/g] ;]jfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 . -e_ æk|f]k|fO{6/L dfn;fdfgÆ eGgfn] sDkgLdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] d'Vo oGq jf pks/0f jf k|ljlwnfO{ k"0f{ Ifdtfdf ;~rfng ug{ jf ;f]sf] u'0f, kl/df0f tyf ljz]iftfsf] :t/f]GgtL (Upgrade) ug{ jf dd{t ;Def/ ug{sf] lgldQ To:tf] oGq jf pks/0f jf k|ljlw lgdf{tfn] agfPsf] oGq, pks/0f, ;xfos pks/0f, ;km6jo/, xf8{jo/ tyf kf6{k"hf{ ;Demg' k5{ . -d_ æk|f]k|fO{6/L ;]jfÆ eGgfn] sDkgLdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf] s'g} oGq, k|ljlw jf k|0ffnLdf To:tf] oGq, k|ljlw jf k|0ffnLsf] cfk"lt{stf{ jf ;]jf k|bfosaf6 lng cfjZos kg]{ ;xfos ;]jf ;Demg' k5{ . -o_ æcdfgtÆ eGgfn] sDkgL cfkm}+n] ug]{ s'g} lgdf{0f, dd{t / h8fg ;DaGwL sfo{ ;Demg' k5{ . -/_ æljz]if kl/l:yltÆ eGgfn] ;'Vvf, cgfj[li6, cltj[li6, e"sDk, af9L, klx/f], cfunfuL h:tf k|fs[lts jf b}jL k|sf]k tyf cfsl:ds jf ck|Toflzt ljz]if sf/0faf6 ;[lht kl/l:ylt ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] o'¢ jf cfGtl/s åGb h:tf kl/l:ylt ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . :ki6Ls/0f M æcfsl:ds jf ck|Toflzt ljz]if sf/0faf6 ;[lht kl/l:yltÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;s]sf] / cfsl:ds ?kdf ;[hgf ePsf] cj:yfsf] sf/0f sDkgLsf] ;]jf cj?4 x'g;Sg] jf ;]jf k|jfxdf uDeL/ c;/ kg{ ;Sg] kl/l:ylt ;Demg' k5{ . -n_ æl;naGbL b/efpkqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] ;"rgf adf]lhd s'g} lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ jf dfn;fdfg jf cGo ;]jf pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu O{R5's JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] l;naGbL vfdleq d"No ;d]t pNn]v u/L k]z u/]sf] ljj/0f ;Demg' k5{ .
  • 13. 4 -j_ æb/efpkqbftfÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ jf ug{ ;Sg] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL ;Demg'k5{ . -z_ æaf]nkqÆ eGgfn] sDkgLn] vl/bsf nflu k|sfzg u/]sf] ;"rgf cg'?k tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf af]nkqbftfn] k]z u/]sf] d"No v'Ng] sfuhft, k|:tfj jf b//]6 ;Demg' k5{ . -if_ æaf]nkqbftfÆ eGgfn] sDkgLsf] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng af]nkq k]z ug]{ jf ug{ ;Sg] s'g} JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ . -;_ æaf]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftÆ eGgfn] af]nkqbftfn] d"No jf k|:tfj jf b//]6 e/L jf tof/ u/L k]z ug{sf nflu af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{ ;DaGwLt sfof{non] tof/ u/]sf] lnvt ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] af]nkqbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg, :k]lzlkms]zg, gS;f, l8hfOg, sfo{If]qut zt{x? (Terms of Reference), sfo{tflnsf, d"NofÍgsf cfwf/x?, kl/df0f ;"rL, ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? / o:t} cGo sfuhft ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . -x_ æhdfgtÆ eGgfn] lglZrt zt{sf] clwgdf /xL s'g} sfd 6'ªuf] gnfu];Dd ;'/If0f jfkt /flvPsf] ;'/If0f hdfgt /sd -l/6]G;g dgL jf cg]{i6dgL jf w/f}6L ;d]t_ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] af]nkq hdfgt (Bid Bond/ Security) jf sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt (Performance Bond/ Security) jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] ;'/If0f /fVg' kg]{df ;f] jfkt /flvPsf] /sd ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . -If_ æ;+o'Qm pkj|md (Joint Venture)Æ eGgfn] b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L sDkgL jf kmd{x? ldnL ;+o'Qm jf 5'§f5'§} bfloTj ;lxt s'g} sfd ug]{ sfo{nfO{ hgfpg]5 . -q_ æPh]G6Æ eGgfn] s'g} :jb]zL jf ljb]zL JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLsf] Ph]G;L lng] JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgL ;Demg' k5{ . -1_ æsaf]n c+s (Bid Price)Æ eGgfn] s'g} af]nkqbftfn] af]nkqdf saf]n u/]sf] /sd ;Demg' k5{ . -ss_æd"NoflÍt cÍ (Evaluated Price)Æ eGgfn] s'g} af]nkqsf] k/LIf0f tyf d"NofÍgaf6 sfod x'g cfPsf] d"Nosf] s'n cÍ ;Demg' k5{ . -sv_ æd"NofÍg ;ldltÆ eGgfn] ljlgod && adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ . -su_ æ;Demf}tf d"No (Contract Price)Æ eGgfn] vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt vl/b d"No ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] To:tf] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t e]l/Pzg cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf]df To:tf] cfb]z adf]lhd ePsf] sfd gfk hfFr ubf{ sfod ePsf] d"No / d"No ;dfof]hg
  • 14. 5 ePsf]df To:tf] ;dfof]hgaf6 sfod ePsf] vl/b d"NonfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 . #= ljlgodfjnLsf] JofVof M o; ljlgodfjnL / o; ljlgodfjnL cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf cfb]zx?sf] JofVof ;DaGwL s'g} k|Zg p7]df ;ldltn] u/]sf] JofVof sDkgLsf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] nflu clGtd x'g]5 .
  • 16. 7 kl/R5]b–! vl/b of]hgf tyf vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L $= vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn] s'g} vl/b sf/jfxLsf] tof/L ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ vl/b cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ug]{, -v_ vl/b ;DaGwL ljleGg k|fljlws s'/f ;dfwfg ug{ / cfk"lt{stf{sf] pknAwtf olsg ug{ ahf/df k|rlnt vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] hfgsf/L lng], -u_ cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;dfg k|s[ltsf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ul/Psf] eP To:tf] vl/b k|lqmofsf] cWoog ug]{, -3_ vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{ u/fpg], -ª_ vl/bnfO{ ;'ljwfhgs ;d"xdf ljefhg ug]{ jf Kofs]hdf ;dfj]z ug{], -r_ vl/bsf] ljj/0f, kl/df0f / If]q olsg ug]{, -5_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] :k]l;lkms]zg, of]hgf, gS;f, l8hfOg nufotsf ljj/0f tof/ ug{], -h_ vl/bsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{, -em_ vl/bsf] cfly{s ;|f]t / /sdsf] klxrfg ug]{, -`_ vl/b ljlwsf] 5gf}6 ug]{, / -6_ of]Uotfsf cfwf/ to ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f] ug]{ . %= vl/bsf] u'?of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLdf bL3{sflng k|efj kg{ ;Sg] of]hgf jf cfof]hgfsf] nflu vl/b ubf{ jf jflif{s kRrL; s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L /sdsf] vl/b sfo{ ubf{ vl/bsf] u'?of]hgf (Master Procurement Plan) tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] u'?of]hgfdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 M– -s_ vl/bsf] k|sf/, kl/df0f / df]6fdf]6L cg'dflgt d"No, -v_ vl/b ljlw, -u_ vl/bnfO{ ljleGg r/0fdf ul/g] jf Kofs]h agfOg] eP ;f] ;DaGwL Joj:yf, -3_ vl/bsf] nflu k"j{ of]Uotfsf] sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] ;DaGwL s'/f, -ª_ vl/b sf/jfxLsf] df]6fdf]6L ;do tflnsf, / -r_ u'?of]hgfdf /fVg'kg]{ egL ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]sf s'/fx? .
  • 17. 8 -#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] u'?of]hgf ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 . -$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd :jLs[t u'?of]hgf ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] vl/b OsfO{n] k|To]s cfly{s jif{ cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 . ^= jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] jflif{s Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L /sdsf] s'g} vl/b jf k|flKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf jflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 tof/ ubf{ jflif{s vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L vl/b of]hgf tof/ ubf{ ljlgod % adf]lhd vl/bsf] u'? of]hgf ;d]t tof/ ePsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] u'? of]hgfsf] ;d]t cfwf/ lng' kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s vl/b of]hgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ vl/bsf] k|sf/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f, -v_ vl/b sf/jfxLsf] ;do tflnsf, -u_ vl/b ljlw, -3_ vl/bsf] nflu ul/g] ;Demf}tfsf] lsl;d, / -ª_ jflif{s vl/b of]hgfdf /fVg' kg]{ egL ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]sf s'/fx? . -#_ pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhdsf] ;do tflnsfdf b]xfosf] sfd ug]{ ;dofjlw pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 M– -s_ :k]l;lkms]zg, 8«OË, l8hfOg, gS;f nufotsf ljj/0f tof/ ug]{, -v_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{, -u_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd, k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj jf af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug{], -3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq cfXjfg jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj dfu ug{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{, -ª_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{, -r_ l;naGbL b/efpkq, k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[lt ug{], -5_ ;Demf}tf ug]{, -h_ sfo{ cf/De ug{], / -em_ sfo{ k"/f ug{] . -$_ sfof{no k|d'vn] o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd tof/ u/]sf] jflif{s vl/b of]hgfsf] Ps Ps k|lt cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] cg'dflgt jflif{s sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 ;fy ;+nUg u/L tfn's sfof{no / s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
  • 18. 9 -%_ k|aGw lgb]{zsn] rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] :jLs[t sfo{s|d tyf ah]6 k|fKt ePkl5 ;f] cg'?k of] ljlgod adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] jflif{s vl/b of]hgf kl/dfh{g ug'{ kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t u/L :jLs[tLsf] nflu ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -^_ tfn's sfof{non] vl/b sf/jfxL jflif{s vl/b of]hgf adf]lhd lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;DkGg eP gePsf] cg'udg ug{' kg]{5 . &= vl/b sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L M -!_ o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhd vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{ tyf o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L vl/b ;DaGwL cGo ;a} sfo{ ug]{ jf u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L k|aGw lgb]{zssf] x'g]5 . -@_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd vl/b ;DaGwL sfo{ ubf{ vl/b sfo{ ;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] jf tflnd k|fKt u/]sf] sd{rf/Laf6 u/fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ sDkgLn] b]xfosf] sfd ug{sf] nflu Pp6f vl/b OsfO{sf] :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ jf ;f]sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg' kg]{5 M– -s_ vl/b dfu ;+sng u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug{] / vl/b of]hgf tof/ ug]{, -v_ sDkgLn] tof/ u/]sf] gd"gf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft (Standard Bidding Document), gd"gf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft (Standard Pre-qualification Document), gd"gf k|:tfj dfu ;DaGwL sfuhft (Standard Request for Proposal) / gd"gf vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL sfuhft (Standard Contract Document) df cfjZostf cg';f/ x]/k]m/ u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft, k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft, k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft / vl/b ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug]{, -u_ vl/b ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{, -3_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft, af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft ljt/0f ug]{ jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft k7fpg], -ª_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj k|fKt ug]{ / To;nfO{ ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg], -r_ kg{ cfPsf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj d"NofÍgsf] nflu d"NofÍg ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ / d"NoflÍt af]nkq :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ug]{, -5_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, af]nkq jf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf] ;"rgf lbg], -h_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt lng] / To;sf] k/LIf0f u/L ;'/lIft tl/sfn] /fVg], -em_ vl/b u/]sf] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ u/fpg],
  • 19. 10 -`_ ;fj{hlgs vl/b cg'udg sfof{non] dfu u/]sf] hfgsf/L / sfuhft pknAw u/fpg], -6_ vl/b sf/jfxL;Fu ;DalGwt sfddf ;dGjo ug{], -7_ k|lttkq (Letter of Credit or Documentary Credit), sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt (Performance Bond) tyf af]nkq jf l;naGbL b/efpkq jf k|:tfj hdfgt (Bid Bond) sf] clen]v /fVg], / -8_ sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ . -$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] sfd ubf{ jf u/fpFbf vl/b O{sfO{ jf ;f]sf] lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] OsfO{n] clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
  • 20. 11 kl/R5]b–@ of]Uotfsf cfwf/, k|fljlws Ifdtf / k|fljlws :k]l;lkms]zg *= af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf M -!_ af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] vl/b ;Demf}tf k|fKt ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5M– -s_ af]nkqbftfn] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotfsf cfwf/ jf vl/bsf] nflu k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] sf/jfxL rnfOPsf]df k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotfsf cfwf/, / -v_ k|:tfjbftfn] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt of]Uotfsf cfwf/ . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf of]Uotfsf cfwf/ pNn]v ubf{ k]zfut / k|fljlws of]Uotf, pks/0fsf] pknAwtf, ljutsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg, laqmL kl5sf] ;]jfsf] Joj:yf, hu]8f kf6{k"hf{sf] pknAwtf, sfg"gL ;Ifdtf, ljQLo ;|f]t / cj:yf, k]zfut s;"/ u/] jfktsf] ;hfo / o:t} cGo cfwf/x? pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd cfwf/ pNn]v ubf{ s'g} vf; ju{sf lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosn] dfq efu lng kfpg] jf s'g} vf; ju{sf lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosn] efu lng gkfpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -$_ af]nkq, k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj, k/fdz{ ;]jf / k|fljlws ;]jfsf] k|:tfj d"NofÍg ubf{ qmdzM af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft, k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft / k|:tfj dfu ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt cfwf/ adf]lhd dfq d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 / To:tf cfwf/x? s'g} e]befj lagf ;a} af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;dfg ?kn] nfu" x'g] 5g . -%_ o; ljlgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;f7L nfv ?k}ofFeGbf sd nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df s'g} of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ul/g] 5}g . -^_ af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] k]z u/]sf] of]Uotf ;DaGwL ljj/0f tYout ?kdf e'm¶f jf ;f/e't ?kdf ck'/f] ePsf] kfOPdf sDkgLn] s'g} klg ;dodf To:tf] af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ cof]Uo 7x/fpg ;Sg]5 . t/ ;fgfltgf q'6L ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L dfu u/L ;Rofpg ;lsg]5 . :ki6Ls/0f M o; pkljlgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;fgfltgf q'6LÆ eGgfn] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt ljj/0f;Fu tflTjs ?kdf leGg gx'g] eflifs cz'l4 h:tf q'6L ;Demg' k5{ .
  • 21. 12 (= dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ M -!_ dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ;DaGwL vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] af]nkqbftfsf] jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ sDkgLn] b]xfosf s'/fx? dWo] cfjZostfg';f/ s'g} jf ;a} s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ k|fljlws Ifdtf, -v_ dfn;fdfg pTkfbg ;DaGwL clen]v (Manufacturing Record), -u_ dfn;fdfgsf] k|fljlws ljj/0f (Technical Specification), -3_ cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf, -ª_ dfn;fdfg h8fg ug{'kg]{ ePdf h8fg sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] k|fljlwssf] bIftf, -r_ cfk"lt{ x'g] dfn;fdfg vf; cjlw;Dd ;'rf? ?kn] ;~rfng x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt, -5_ dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/sf] Joj:yf, -h_ ;]jf / hu]8f kf6{k"hf{sf] pknAwtf, -em_ h8fg ;d]t ug'{kg]{ u/L dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ cfk"lt{stf{sf] xsdf lghsf] ;Lk, lgk"0f{tf, cg'ej / ljZj;lgotf, -`_ sDkgLn] cfjZos 7fg]sf cGo s'/fx? . -@_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf / k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{ sDkgLn] dfn;fdfgsf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f, dxTj jf k|of]u cg';f/ b]xfosf dWo] s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ af]nkqbftfn] ljut sDtLdf tLg jif{sf] cjlwdf cGo ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{ cfk"lt{ u/]sf] dfn;fdfgsf] k|sl[t, kl/df0f, ;Demf}tf /sd, ldlt / To:tf] ;+:yfsf] gfd tyf 7]ufgf, -v_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg hl6n jf c;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf] ePdf sDkgL cfk}+mn] jf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 af]nkqbftf ;+:yflkt ePsf] b]zsf] cflwsfl/s lgsfon] lghsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf hfFr u/]sf] sfuhft, -u_ cflwsfl/s u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ;+:yf jf dfGotf k|fKt lgsfon] vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfgsf] lg/LIf0f u/L To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] :k]l;lkms]zg / u'0f:t/ ;DaGwdf lbPsf] k|df0fkq, -3_ cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfgsf] cflwsfl/stf k|dfl0ft ug{ cfjZos kg]{ gd"gf, k'/s ljj/0f jf kmf]6f]x?, -ª_ ;a–sG6«fS6/af6 u/fpg rfx]sf] sfdsf] cg'kft . -#_ cfk"lt{ ul/g] dfn;fdfg af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftf cfkmF}n] gagfpg] jf pTkfbg gug]{ ePdf To:tf] dfn;fdfgsf] pTkfbsn] af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] nflu k|:tfj k]z ug]{, dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ / h8fg ug]{ ;DaGwL clwsf/ cfkm"nfO{ /Ltk"j{s k|bfg u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft af]nkqbftf jf k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
  • 22. 13 -$_ g]kfnleq Jofkf/ Joj;fo ;~rfng gePsf] af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfn] lghn] vl/b ;emf}tf k|fKt u/]df To:tf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd cfk"lt{ ul/Psf] dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ ug]{, laqmL kZrftsf] ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ tyf cfjZos hu]8f kf6{k"hf{ df}Hbft /fvL cfk"lt{ ug]{ ;DaGwL bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg] lghsf] Ph]G6 jf clws[t ljs|]tf g]kfndf /xg] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . !)= lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ M -!_ sDkgLn] ;f7L nfv ?k}ofFeGbf dflysf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DaGwL vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f dWo] cfjZostfg';f/ s'g} jf ;a} s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ d'Vo ;Demf}tfstf{ (Prime Contractor) eO{ Psnf}6L ?kdf sfd u/]sf] jf Joj:yfkg ;Demf}tf u/L sfd u/]sf] jf ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ;fem]bf/ jf ;a–sG6«fS6/sf] ?kdf sfd u/]sf] cg'ej, -v_ Psnf}6L ?kdf sfd ;DkGg u/]sf] jf ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ;fem]bf/sf] x}l;otn] sfd u/]sf] ;d]t u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] ;Ldf jf ;f]eGbf a9L /sdsf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] Go"gtd ;/b/ jflif{s sf/f]af/, t/, /fli6«o:t/df v'nf af]nkq cfXjfg ul/Psf] cj:yfdf ljut bz jif{sf] sf/f]af/ dWo]sf] s'g} tLg jif{sf] clwstd ;/b/ jflif{s sf/f]af/nfO{ cfwf/ lnOg]5 . -u_ k|:tfljt vl/b ;Demf}tf;+u d]n vfg] k|s[lt, hl6ntf / lgdf{0f k|ljlwsf vl/b ;Demf}tf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] ;+Vofdf ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u/]sf] ljz]if cg'ej, -3_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ug{sf] nflu cfjZos /sd e'QmfgL gkfpg] jf kfpg l9nfO{ x'g] cj:yfdf k|:tfljt lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;DalGwt af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfn] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] jf ;~rfng ug{ k|ltj4tf hgfPsf] cGo lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ gub k|jfxsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] t/n ;DklQ, shf{ ;'ljwf / cGo ljQLo ;|f]t -s'g} vl/b ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] k]ZsL /sd afx]s_ pknAw ePsf] jf To:tf] ;DklQsf] ;|f]tdf kx'Fr ePsf] cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf, -ª_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf bIf hgzlQm,
  • 23. 14 -r_ af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] cfkmg} :jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf plNnlvt cjlwe/ lgjf{w ?kdf pkof]u ug{;Sg] u/L ef8f, lnh, ;Demf}tf jf cGo Joj;flos dfWodaf6 pknAw x'g] rfn' xfntsf af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf d'Vo pks/0f . -@_ /fli6«o lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] xsdf pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] /sd u0fgf ubf{ d"No clej[l4 s/ jfktsf] /sd s6fO{ x'g cfpg] /sd dfq u0fgf ul/g]5 / To:tf] /sdnfO{ g]kfn /fi6« a}Ísf] cBfjlws d"No ;"rsfÍ cg';f/ ;dfof]hg ul/g]5 . -#_ lgdf{0f Joj;foLsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{ sDkgLn] af]nkqbftf jf k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjbftfaf6 lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ ljut bz jif{sf] cjlwdf lghn] ;DkGg u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] d"No, ldlt / sfo{ :ynsf] ljj/0f, -v_ lghn] ;a–sG6«fS6/ dfk{mt u/fpg rfx]sf] k|:tfljt sfdsf] cg'kft / of]Uotfsf] cfwf/, -u_ k|:tfljt sfd ;DkGg ug{sf nflu lgh;Fu ePsf k|fljlws pks/0f / KnfG6sf] ljj/0f . !!= k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ M -!_ sDkgLn] k/fdz{ ;]jf ;DaGwL vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} s'/f ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ k|:tfjbftf JolQm eP lghsf] / kmd{ jf ;+:yf eP cfjZos ;+:yfut sfo{ cg'ej, -v_ k|:tfjbftfsf] d'Vo d'Vo sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf / p:t} k|s[ltsf] sfo{sf] cfjZos cg'ej, -u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf, sfo{ljlw, sfo{If]qut zt{ k|ltsf] k|efju|flxtf (Responsiveness to Terms of Reference), k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f / ;do tflnsf, -3_ k|:tfjbftfsf] Joj:yfkg Ifdtf, -ª_ k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s Ifdtf, -r_ cGt/f{li6«o :t/af6 k|:tfj dfu ul/Psf] ePdf :jb]zL hgzlQmsf] ;xeflutf, / -5_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] cGo s'/f . -@_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{ k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf] s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
  • 24. 15 -s_ ljut bz jif{sf] cjlwdf k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jf;Fu ldNg] k|s[ltsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs jf lghL ;+:yf, /sd / ldlt v'Ng] ljj/0f, -v_ k|:tfljt sfd ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf d'Vo sd{rf/Lsf] of]Uotf ;DaGwL ljj/0f, -u_ lghsf] ljut tLg jif{sf Joj:yfksLo sd{rf/L / ;/b/ jflif{s hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f, / -3_ ;a–sG6«fS6/ dfk{mt k|bfg ug{ rfx]sf] k|:tfljt k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] c+z / of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ . !@= k|fljlws ;]jfsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ M -!_ sDkgLn] k|fljlws ;]jf vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'g} jf ;a} s'/f ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] sfo{ cg'ej, -v_ k|:tfjbftfsf] u|fxs cfwf/ jf g]6js{, -u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf, sfo{ljlw, sfo{If]qut zt{ k|ltsf] k|efju|flxtf, sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;do tflnsf, -3_ k|:tfjbftfsf] Joj:yfkg tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf, -ª_ k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s Ifdtf, -r_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] cGo s'/f . -@_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ k|:tfljt k|fljlws ;]jfsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf] s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ ljut sDtLdf tLg jif{sf] cjlwdf k|:tfljt ;]jf k|bfg u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f, -v_ k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf d'Vo sd{rf/L tyf pks/0fx?sf] ljj/0f, -u_ ljut tLg jif{sf Joj:yfksLo sd{rf/L / ;/b/ jflif{s hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f . !#= ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] of]Uotfsf cfwf/ M -!_ s'g} vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng] k|of]hgsf] nflu af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfx?n] Ps ;+o'Qm pkj|md agfO{ af]nkq k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g . t/, Ps af]nkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfn] ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ;fem]bf/ jf JolQmut dWo] s'g} Pp6f dfq af]nkq jf k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+o'Qm pkj|mddf /xg] ;fem]bf/sf] Go"gtd lx:;f / d'Vo ;fe]mbf/ tyf cGo ;fe]mbf/sf] Go"gtd of]Uotf af]nkq jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
  • 25. 16 -#_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ubf{ To:tf] pkj|mddf /xg] ;fem]bf/sf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf s'/f ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ lghsf] ;/b/ jflif{s sf/f]af/, -v_ lghsf] ljz]if cg'ej / lghn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] k|d'v sfo{, -u_ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ lgh;Fu ePsf] gub k|jfx, -3_ lghsf] hgzlQm ;DaGwL Ifdtf, -ª_ lghsf] cf}hf/ jf pks/0f ;DaGwL Ifdtf . -$_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkj|mdn] af]nkq jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt Go"gtd of]Uotfsf cfwf/x? k"/f u/] gu/]sf] olsg ug{sf] nflu To:tf] pkj|mdsf] ;a} ;fem]bf/sf] of]Uotf u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ sDkgLn] ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ;fem]bf/sf] JolQmut of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f ljrf/ u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ ;DalGwt sfddf lghsf] cg'ej, -v_ cGo ;Demf}tf adf]lhd lghn] ul//x]sf] jf ug]{ sfd ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]tsf] kof{Kttf, -u_ ljQLo ;Ifdtf, -3_ ljutsf lgh ;+nUg /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs vl/b ;DaGwL d'2f dfldnf / ;f]sf] glthf . -^_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkj|md vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePdf sDkgLn] To:tf] ;+o'Qm pkj|mdnfO{ ;f] pkj|mddf ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf ;fem]bf/sf] JolQmut / ;f] pkj|mdsf] ;femf bfloTj ;d]t /xg] u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{nodf :yfoL n]vf gDa/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ ug{ nufpg' kg]{5 . -&_ s'g} ;+o'Qm pkj|mdn] af]nkq jf k|:tfj k]z ubf{ af]nkq jf k|:tfj hdfgt ;d]t k]z ug{' kg]{ ePdf To:tf] hdfgt pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf ;j} ;fem]bf/sf] gfddf / ;a} ;fem]bf/sf] bfloTj x'g] u/L] hf/L ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 . -*_ ;+o'Qm pkj|md ;DaGwL cGo zt{ af]nkq jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . !$= cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf v'Ng] sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]M -!_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf af]nkqbftfsf] cfly{s / ljQLo Ifdtf k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfuhft dfu ubf{ sDkgLn] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ b]xfosf dWo] s'g} jf ;a} sfuhft dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ lghsf] a}Í :6]6d]06, -v_ lghsf] Joj;fo ;DaGwL sf/f]af/sf] cfly{s ljj/0f, -u_ lghsf] ;DklQ, bfloTj tyf gfkmf gf]S;fgsf] ljj/0f v'Ng] ljQLo ljj/0f, -3_ lghsf] cfly{s / ljQLo x}l;ot v'Ng] cGo s'/f,
  • 26. 17 -ª_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt cGo ljj/0f . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] ljQLo ljj/0f dfu ubf{ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ ljut b'O{b]lv kfFr cfly{s jif{sf] ljQLo ljj/0f dfu ug{ ;lsg]5 .
  • 27. 18 kl/R5]b–# vl/b ljlw tyf k|lj|mof !%= vl/b cfb]zaf6 dfq vl/b ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn] bz xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf a9Lsf] dfn;fdfg vl/b ubf{ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lnlvt vl/b cfb]zn] dfq vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 . !^= vl/b dfu k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ dfn;fdfg vl/b ;DaGwL sf/jfxL z'? ug'{ cl3 sDkgLsf] vl/b PsfO{n] lgb]{zgfno, ljefu jf zfvfAff6 vl/b dfu k|fKt u/L ;f] dfu clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] vl/b dfudf b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 M– -s_ dfn;fdfgsf] k|sf/ / kl/df0f ;DaGwL ljj/0f, -v_ dfn;fdfg cfjZos kg]{ ;do, -u_ vl/bsf] cg'dflgt d"No . !&= ah]6 tyf lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf M -!_ vl/bsf] nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf geO{ vl/b sf/jfxL z'? ug'{ xF'b}g . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ah]6sf] Joj:yf geP klg vl/b sf/jfxL z'? ug{ ;lsg]5 M– -s_ ax'jif{L{o ;Demf}tf adf]lhd ul/g] vl/bsf] xsdf klxnf] jif{sf] nflu cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf ePkl5 cGo jif{sf] nflu vl/b sf/jfxL ug{, -v_ vl/b ;DaGwL] k|f/lDes tof/L ug'{ cTofjZos eO{ l;naGbL b/efpkq jf af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{, k"j{of]Uotfsf] b/vf:t cfXjfg ug]{, k/fdz{bftfsf] ;"rL tof/ ug{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug{], k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|:tfj dfu ug{] jf l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd, af]nkq jf k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft jf k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft pknAw u/fpg] h:tf sfo{ ug{ . -#_ lgdf{0f:ynsf] Joj:yf tyf ejg lgdf{0f Ohfht kq geP;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ug'{ x'Fb}g . !*= dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ / ;]jfsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jf vl/b ug'{ cl3 To; ;DaGwL :k]lzlkms]zg, of]hgf, gS;f, l8hfOg, cfjZostf, nfut cg'dfg jf cGo ljj/0fx? tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
  • 28. 19 -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ To:tf dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jfsf] ;Da4 j:t'ut k|fljlws tyf u'0f:t/hGo ljz]iftf / sfdsf] cfwf/df tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pkljlgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jfsf] ljz]iftfx? :ki6 ?kdf a'lemg] u/L pNn]v ug]{ csf]{ s'g} pkfo gePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} vf; a|f08, 6]«8dfs{, gfd, k]6]06, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf pTkfbssf] gfd pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . t/, To;/L pNn]v gu/L gx'g] cj:yfdf s'g} vf; a|f08, 6]«8dfs{, gfd, k]6]06, l8hfOg, k|sf/, pTklQ jf pTkfbssf] gfd pNn]v u/L æ;f] ;/xÆ eGg] zAbx? pNn]v ug{ ;lsg]5 . -$_ l;naGbL b/efpkq jf af]nkq jf k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf tyf cGo ;]jfsf] k|fljlws jf u'0f:t/hGo ljz]iftfx?sf] ljj/0f / 6]li6Ë, dfls{Ë, Kofs]lhË, n]alnË jf k'i6Ls/0fsf] k|df0fkq (Conformity Certificate) ;DaGwL cfwf/ jf ;+s]t jf zAbfjnL pNn]v ubf{ To:tf] dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jfsf] sfd;Fu c;Da4 x'g], of]Uo b/efpkqbftf jf af]nkqbftfnfO{ vl/b k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g s'g} lsl;dn] afwf k'¥ofpg] jf cf}lrTo lagf k|lt:kwf{nfO{ ;Lldt ug]{ u/L ljj/0f, cfwf/, ;+s]t jf zAbfjnL pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f tof/ ug{ ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] ;f] ljifodf 1fg ePsf bIf hgzlQmx?sf] Ps ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 . ;DalGwt sfof{nodf To:tf hgzlQm geP tfn's sfof{non] To:tf] ;ldlt u7g u/L lbg' kg]{5 . !(= nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ / cBfjlws ug{' kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] s'g} klg vl/bsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . t/, Ps nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] vl/b ug{ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{kg]{ 5}g . -@_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/f ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ vl/b ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd Pp6} vl/b ;Demf}tfaf6 x'g ;Sg] jf sfd lkR5] 5'§} vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{, -v_ vl/b ;Demf}tf gjLs/0f ug'{ kg]{ jf gkg]{, -u_ vl/bsf] cGo s'g} ljsNk eP To:tf] ljsNk, -3_ vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfd ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu nfUg ;Sg] clwstd /sd tyf ;do, -ª_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 lgwf{l/t d"No j[l4 ;"rsfÍ, -r_ ljlgdo b/ kl/jt{gsf] k|efj, -5_ k|rlnt s/ tyf z'Ns . -#_ sDkgLn] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ af]nkq jf sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt nufot df]ljnfO{h]zg / l8df]ljnfO{h]zg vr{, aLdf, k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{
  • 29. 20 ;'ljwf jfktsf sfo{x?, u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f, Joj;fohGo :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff, Ph ljN6 gS;f ;d]tsf] 5'§} ljj/0f agfO{ nfut cg'dfgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ul/;s]kl5 ah]6 Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZostfg';f/ hDdf nfut cg'dfgdf d"No ;dfof]hg slG6Gh]lG; /sd, lkmlhsn slG6Gh]lG; /sd / d"No clej[lå s/ /sd ;d]t yk u/L nfut cg'dfg sfod ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ePkl5 ;f] tof/ ug]{ k|fljlwseGbf Ps tx dflysf] k|fljlws -sDtLdf clws[t :t/_ jf k|fljlw1x?sf] ;d"xaf6 To;nfO{ hfFRg nufpg' kg]{5 . hfFr ug]{ clwsf/L gePsf] v08df :jLs[t ug]{ clwsf/Ln] g} hfFr u/L :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 . -^_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd s'g} vl/b sfo{sf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] nfut cg'dfgdf To:tf] vl/b sfo{ x'g g;s]df sDkgLn] o; ljlgodfjnLsf] k|lj|mof ckgfO{ k|To]s cfly{s jif{df o:tf] nfut cg'dfg cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 . @)= lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg M -!_ sDkgLn] ljlgod !( sf] cwLgdf /xL lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{sf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ sDkgLsf] lgdf{0f ;DaGwL k|fljlwsaf6 cfjZos gD;{ tof/ ug{ nufO{ To:tf] gD;{ k|aGw lgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ dfn;fdfg :ynut ?kdf pknAw x'g] jf gx'g] cWoog u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] ;dofjlw ls6fg ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx?sf] b/efp, d]lzg tyf pks/0fsf] ef8f jf sfdbf/sf] Hofnf lgwf{/0f ubf{ lhNnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] b//]6sf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . t/, b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] b//]6 pknAw gePsf]df lgdf{0f:yn glhs}sf] ;DalGwt ;/sf/L sfof{no jf ;/sf/L :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfg, k|flws/0f, lgud jf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo ;+:yfn] tf]s]sf] b/efp jf pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3n] lbPsf] b/efp, ef8f jf Hofnfsf cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] b/efp, ef8f jf Hofnf ;d]t pknAw x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] b//]6 lgwf{/0f ubf{ sfof{no k|d'vn] tf]lslbPsf] b/efp, ef8f jf Hofnfsf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg{]5 . @!= dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg M -!_ sDkgLn] ljlgod !( / ;DalGwt dfn;fdfgsf] :k]l;lkms]zgsf] cwLgdf /xL dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{' kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
  • 30. 21 -s_ rfn' jf cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] vl/b ubf{ nfu]sf] jf:tljs nfut, -v_ :yfgLo ahf/df k|rlnt b/efp, -u_ cGo ahf/sf] k|rlnt b/efp / dfn;fdfg cfk"lt{ ug]{ :yfg;Dd nfUg] cg'dflgt 9'jfgL vr{, -3_ g]kfn /fi6« a}Íaf6 lgwf{l/t d"No j[l4 ;"rsfÍ . @@= k|fljlws ;]jf tyf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg M -!_ sDkgLn] ljlgod !( sf] cwLgdf /xL k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug{' kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg ;DaGwL gD;{ tof/ u/]sf] eP To:tf] gD;{, -v_ ;DalGwt k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jfsf] sfo{ If]qut zt{, -u_ rfn' jf cl3Nnf jif{x?df ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] vl/b ubf{ nfu]sf] jf:tljs nfut, t/, To:tf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ cl3Nnf jif{x?sf] b/df d"No ;dfof]hg u/L tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -3_ k|rlnt /fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o b/efp . -#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf vr{x? ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 M– -s_ d'Vo hgzlQm Pj+ cGo hgzlQmsf] kfl/>lds, -v_ e|d0f vr{, hgzlQmsf] a;f]af; vr{, sfof{no vr{, cfjZos dfn;fdfg pks/0f / ;]jf vr{, k|ltj]bg / cGo sfuhftsf] cg'jfb, 5kfO{ vr{, -u_ k/fdz{bftfn] tflnd, uf]i7L jf e|d0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ eP To:tf] sfdsf] nflu nfUg] vr{ nufotsf] cGo vr{ . @#= cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg M -!_ sDkgLn] ljlgod !( sf] cwLgdf /xL cGo ;]jfsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ ef8fdf lng' kg]{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg/L cf}hf/, pks/0f jf dfn;fdfgsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ b]xfosf s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ ef8fdf lng kg]{ ;jf/L ;fwg, d]lzg/L cf}hf/, pks/0f jf dfn;fdfgsf] ljj/0f, :k]l;lkms]zg, cj:yf / cfo', -v_ k|rlnt ahf/ b/, -u_ ef8fdf lng] cjlw, -3_ O{Gwgsf] d"No tyf vkt, -ª_ cGo pko'Qm s'/fx? .
  • 31. 22 -#_ 9'jfgLsf] nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ :yn dfu{af6 9'jfgL ul/g]df ;DalGwt sfof{non] lhNnf b//]6 lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] b//]6sf] cfwf/df / To:tf] ljefuLo b//]6 gePsf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt ahf/ b//]6sf] cfwf/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg{]5 . xjfO{ dfu{af6 9'jfgL ubf{ k|rlnt ahf/ b//]6sf] cfwf/df nfut cg'dfg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ ;]jf s/f/, dfn;fdfg dd{t ;Def/ jf cGo cfjZos ;]jf ;DaGwL nfut cg'dfg tof/ ubf{ k|rlnt ahf/ b/ / ;f] ;DaGwL gD;{ eP ;f] cg';f/ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . @$= nfut cg'dfgsf] :jLs[lt M -!_ ljlgodx? @), @! / @# adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] nfut cg'dfg ljlgod !!) sf] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd :jLs[t x'g' kg]{5 . -@_ ljlgod @@ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] nfut cg'dfg ljlgod !!) sf] pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd :jLs[t x'g' kg]{5 . @%= :yfoL n]vf gDa/ / d"No clej[l4 s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf;+u vl/b ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] s'g} vl/b ubf{ cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{noaf6 :yfoL n]vf gDa/ / d"No clej[l¢ s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLaf6 dfq vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf d"No clej[l¢ s/ btf{ k|df0fkq k|fKt gu/]sf JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLaf6 ;d]t vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 M– -s_ kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofFeGbf sd /sdsf] dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{ vl/b ubf{, -v_ d"No clej[l¢ s/ gnfUg] dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ubf{, -u_ 3/ tyf hUuf ef8fdf lng' kbf{, -3_ ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 vl/b ubf{, -ª_ ljb]zL cfk"lt{stf{af6 dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ubf{ . -#_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/n] b'u{d If]q egL tf]s]sf] lhNnfdf s'g} klg kmd{ jf ljs|]tfn] ;DalGwt cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{noaf6 d"No clej[l¢ s/ btf{ k|df0fkq lnPsf] /x]g5 eg] ;f] lhNnfsf] nflu sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{non] tof/ kf/]sf] lhNnfdf pknAw cfk"lt{stf{sf] ;"rLdf /x]sf cfk"lt{stf{af6 bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 . @^= vl/b ljlw 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{ M sDkgLn] vl/b ubf{ o; ljlgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL b]xfosf] s'g} Ps ljlw ckgfO{ vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 M–
  • 32. 23 -!_ dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ug'{kbf{ M -s_ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df v'Nnf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L, -v_ /fli6«o :t/df v'Nnf af]nkq cfXjfg u/L, -u_ l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg u/L, -3_ ;f]em} vl/b u/L, -ª_ cdfgtaf6 . -@_ k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf k|fljlws ;]jf vl/b ug'{ kbf{ M -s_ k|lt:kwf{Tds k|:tfj dfu u/L, -v_ ;f]em} jftf{af6 . @&= v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq jf l;naGbL b/efpkq jf k|:tfj cfXjfg u/L vl/b ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s sDkgLn] s'g} klg vl/b ug'{ kbf{ :jLs[t ah]6nfO{ ljrf/ u/L sfo{qmd agfO{ v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq jf l;naGbL b/efpkq jf k|lt:kwf{Tds k|:tfj cfXjfg u/L vl/b ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 / of]Uo af]nkqbftf jf l;naGbL b/efpkqbftf jf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ To:tf] vl/b k|ls|ofdf ;xefuL x'g lagf e]befj ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ vl/b ubf{ k|lt:kwf{ ;Lldt x'g] u/L 6'qmf 6'qmf kf/L vl/b ug'{ xF'b}g . @*= crn ;DklQ k|flKt Pj+ vl/b Joj:yf M -!_ sDkgLsf] ljsf; sfo{ tyf sfof{no k|of]usf nflu pko'Qm x'g] crn ;DklQ lgMz'Ns k|fKt x'g] ePdf ;f] crn ;DklQ sDkgLsf gfpFdf /lhi6]«zg kf; u/fO{ lnOg]5 . -@_ sDkgLn] cfjZos kg]{ crn ;DklQ b]xfo adf]lhd vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ crn ;DklQ vl/b ubf{ vl/b ug{ rfx]sf] :yfg tyf cf;kf;sf] If]q, oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joxf]/f / cGo k|fljlws ljj/0f v'nfO{ crn ;DklQ wgLx?af6 sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ af]nkq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . -v_ v08 -s_ cg';f/ af]nkq ;"rgf adf]lhd af]nkq bflvnf ug{] crn ;DklQ wgLn] ;"rgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf ljj/0fsf ;fy} cfkmgf] crn ;DklQsf] :jfldTj ;DaGwL k|dfl0ft sfuhftx? klg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf af]nkqx?df plNnlvt crn ;DklQsf] k|fljlws / :ynut ?kdf ;d]t lg/LIf0f ug{ ;DalGwt k|fljlws ;lxtsf] Ps d"NofÍg ;ldlt /xg]5 . ;f] d"NofÍg ;ldltn] pko'Qm elg l;kmfl/; u/]sf] crn ;DklQ sDkgLn] vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 . -3_ s'g} If]qdf b"/;~rf/ ;]jf lj:tf/sf] nflu k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn] Pp6f dfq hUuf tyf crn ;DklQ pko'Qm b]lvPdf k|rlnt
  • 33. 24 hUuf k|flKt P]g adf]lhd pQm hUuf tyf crn ;DklQ k|fKt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cg'/f]w u/L ;DalGwt k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] cWoIftfdf /x]sf] d'cfAhf lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 . @(= dfn;fdfg vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf M dfn;dfg vl/b ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ Ps k6sdf kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;f]e}m jftf{af6 . t/, k|aGw lgb]{zsn] g]kfnleq}af6 ul/g] vl/bsf] xsdf Ps k6sdf bz nfv ?k}ofF;Dd tyf ljb]zaf6 ul/g] vl/bsf] xsdf Ps k6sdf kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;f]e}m jftf{af6 vl/b ug{ ;Sg]5 / ;f] /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF ;Ddsf] xsdf ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . -v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L Ps s/f]8 ?k}ofF;Dd l;naGbL b/efpkqaf6 . -u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] ePdf af]nkqaf6 . #)= 9'jfgL, lSnol/Ë tyf kmjf{l8{Ë ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] Joj:yf M dfn;fdfg 9'jfgL u/fpFbf b]xfo adf]lhd /Lt k'¥ofpg' kg]{5 M– -s_ :yndfu{af6 k'm6s/ 9'jfgL u/fpFbf Ps k6sdf tLg nfv ?k}ofF;Dd / xjfO{dfu{af6 k'm6s/ 9'jfgL u/fpFbf Ps k6sdf kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;f]e}m vl/baf6 . t/, Ps k6sdf :yndfu{af6 kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd / xjfO{dfu{af6 aL; nfv ?k}ofF;Dd 9'jfgL u/fpFbf k|aGw lgb]{zssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ ;f]e}m vl/baf6 9'jfgL sfo{ u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . -v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] sfo{sf] nflu l;naGbL b/efpkqaf6 . -u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] 9'jfgL u/fpFbf af]nkqaf6 . #!= lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpg] Joj:yf M -!_ :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg cg';f/ lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t jf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpFbf b]xfo adf]lhd u/fpg' kg]{5 M– -s_ bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] sfo{ u/fpg' kbf{ ;f]e}m vl/baf6 . t/, jfo/n]; k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t ;]jfsf] la=l6=P;=, 6fj/ jf le– :of6 tyf l/lk6/ :6]zg h8fgsf] nflu lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ k|aGw
  • 34. 25 lgb]{zssf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ kRrL; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] sfo{ ;f]e}m vl/baf6 ug{ ;lsg]5 . -v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] sfo{ u/fpFbf l;naGbL b/efpkq lnO{ ;f]sf] cfwf/af6 . -u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9Lsf] sfo{ u/fpFbf af]nkqaf6 . -@_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd b/efpkq jf af]nkqåf/f lgdf{0f, h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ jf ;'wf/ ;DaGwL sfo{ u/fpFbf lgdf{0f Joj;fo P]g, @)%% cGtu{t btf{ eO{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ohfht k|fKt u/]sf lgdf{0f Joj;foLx?af6 u/fpg' kg]{5 . t/, lgdf{0f Joj;foL pknAw x'g g;s]sf b'u{d If]qsf] lglDt ;ldltsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd ;f] aGb]h x6fpg ;lsg] 5 . k|To]s jif{ ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd :jLs[t ubf{ s'g s'g b'u{d lhNnfdf To:tf] aGb]h nfu' gx'g] xf] ;f] sf] Joxf]/f ;d]t ;ldltn] :jLs[t ug{' kg{]{5 . #@= cGo ;]jf vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sDkgLsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ cGo ;]jfx? vl/b ug'{ k/]df To:tf] ;]jfsf] cfjZostf, lsl;d, ;dofjlw, u'0f:t/, ;]jf ;~rfng ljlw, nfUg] df]6fdf]6L vr{ / sfo{ If]qut zt{ tof/ u/L ;DalGwt clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ b]xfo adf]lhd vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ Ps k6sdf kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;f]e}m vl/baf6, t/, Joj;fo k|j4{g sfo{sf] nflu bz nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ;]jf ;f]e}m vl/b ug'{ k/]df k|aGw lgb]{zssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ug{ ;lsg]5 / ;f] /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] xsdf ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . -v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L krf; nfv ?k}ofF;Dd l;naGbL b/efpkqaf6, -u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L /sdsf] ePdf af]nkqaf6 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ubf{ ef8fdf lng] ;fdfg jf ;]jfsf] ljj/0f u'0f:t/, d"No, ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw, xhf{gf / Ifltk"lt{, ;Demf}tfsf] gjLs/0fsf] cj:yf tyf ;Demf}tf vf/]h x'g] cj:yf, e'QmfgLsf] zt{ tyf cGo cfjZos zt{x? :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . -#_ b/efpkq jf af]nkq cfXjfg ubf{ cfjZostf cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] 5 / o;/L k|:tfj cfXjfg ubf{ d"NofÍgsf cfwf/ tyf cÍef/ ;d]t :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . -$_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd k|:tfj d"NofÍg u/L ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL 36L ;]jf z'Ns k|:tfj ug]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t u/L ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
  • 35. 26 t/, k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L cfXjfg ePsf] b/efpkq jf af]nkqsf] xsdf cfly{s tyf k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg u/L v"b k|fKtfÍ hf]8L ;+o'Qm d"NofÍg ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ kfpg] k|:tfjbftfnfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd 36L ;]jf z'Ns k|:tfj ug]{ :jLs[t k|:tfjsf] k|:tfjbftf ;]jf ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPdf To;kl5sf] ;a}eGbf 36L ;]jf z'Ns k|:tfj ug]{ ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL k|:tfjbftf;Fu ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 . -^_ sfof{no k|d'vn] vKg] dfn;fdfgsf] dd{t ;Def/ u/fpg' kbf{ bIf sd{rf/L jf ;DalGwt ljz]if1af6 / ;f] gePdf ;DalGwt sfd ug]{ JolQm, kmd{ jf ;+:yfaf6 nfut cg'dfg u/fO{ dd{t ;Def/ u/fpg' kg]{5 . -&_ sDkgLsf] cfkmgf] js{zkdf dd{t ;Def/ u/fpg] ;'ljwf ePsf]df :k]o/ kf6{; vl/b u/L bflvnf ug'{ kg]{5 . sDkgLdf ;f] ;'ljwf geO{ cGoqaf6 dd{t u/fpg' kbf{ cfjZos :k]o/ kf6{; ;DalGwt k|fljlwsaf6 abnL ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft u/fO{ vr{ n]Vg' kg]{5 / dd{t ubf{ abnL ul/Psf ;fdfgx? 5'§} vftfdf nut /fvL e08f/ bflvnf ug'{kg]{5 . -*_ sDkgLdf k|of]u ePsf pks/0fx? ljlgod #% adf]lhdsf] k|f]k|fO{6/L k|s[ltsf] e} ;DalGwt lgdf{tfsf]df g} dd{tsf] nflu k7fpg' kg]{ cj:yf k/]df To:tf] pks/0f vl/b ubf{sf cj:yfdf s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] eP ;f]xL ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd / ;Demf}tf gePsf]df b/efp jf jftf{åf/f pks/0fx? dd{t u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . ##= k|fljlws ;]jf k|flKt tyf vl/b ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf lng'k/]df ;DalGwt ;]jf k|bfos kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 k|:tfj dfu u/L lng ;lsg] 5 . -@_ k|fljlws ;]jf k|:tfj dfu ug'{ cl3 sDkgLn] cfjZos 7fg]sf cGo s'/fx?sf] cnfjf b]xfosf s'/fx? ;dfj]z u/L ;f] ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ vl/b ul/g] ;]jfsf] k|s[lt, ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ cjlw, :yfg, ;]jfsf] sfo{If]qut zt{, ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ sfo{ tyf ck]lIft kl/0ffd / k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf, -v_ k|:tfj tof/ ug{ k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ lgb]{zg, -u_ k|:tfj d"NofÍg / t'ngf ug]{ cfwf/, -3_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? -6D;{ ckm /]km/]G;_, -ª_ k|:tfjbftfn] sfo{If]qut zt{df l6Kk0fL ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg] . -#_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/x? pNn]v ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'g} jf ;a} cfwf/x? v'nfpg' kg]{5 M– -s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] of]Uotf tyf ug'{ kg]{ sfd ;DaGwL cg'ej, -v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ k|:tfljt tl/sf,
  • 36. 27 -u_ k|:tfljt d'Vo hgzlQm jf pks/0fsf] of]Uotf . -$_ k|:tfj dfu ubf{ sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ sDkgLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ k|:tfljt sfo{sf] ;fdfGo ljj/0f, -u_ k|:tfjbftfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{ sfuhft, -3_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft kfOg] :yfg, sDkgL;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{ 7]ufgf / ;Dks{ JolQm . -%_ k|:tfj vf]Ng' cl3 Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] k|:tfjsf] vfd / /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf k|:tfjsf] vfdnfO{ 5'6ofO{ Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf k|:tfj gvf]nL ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L lkmtf{ ul/Psf] s'/f, ldlt / ;do vl/b sf/jfxLsf] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . k|:tfj vf]Nbf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df vf]Ng' kg]{5 . o;/L k|:tfj vf]Nbf d'r'Nsf tof/ u/L ;f] d'r'Nsfdf pkl:yt k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] b:tvt u/fpg' kg]{5 . t/, k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt geP klg k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g . -^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhd vf]lnPsf] k|:tfj sDkgLn] oyfzL3| d"NofÍg ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . -&_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/ adf]lhd k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg u/L b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t pNn]v u/L d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] clwsf/k|fKt k|ltlglwsf] ;xL5fk eP jf gePsf], -u_ k|:tfjbftf k|:tfj k]z ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf] k'i6ofO{+ ug]{ sfuhft k]z eP jf gePsf], -3_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k k|:tfj k"0f{ eP jf gePsf], -ª_ k|To]s k|:tfjsf] ;fk]lIfs ;jntf, b'j{ntf / d"NofÍg kl/0ffd . -*_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf cGoyf pNn]v ul/Psf]df afx]s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu ;f] k|:tfjdf d"No clej[l4 s/ afx]s k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;]jfk|bfosnfO{ nfUg] s/ ;d]t lghsf] ;]jf z'Nsdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] dflgg]5 . -(_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|:tfjdf e]l6Psf] cÍ ul0ftLo q'6L ;Rofpg ;Sg]5 . To;/L q'6L ;RofpFbf OsfO{ b/ / s'n /sddf leGgtf ePdf OsfO{ b/ dfGo x'g]5 / To:tf] OsfO{ b/ adf]lhd s'n /sd ;RofO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
  • 37. 28 -!)_ k|:tfjbftfn] d"Nodf s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfj u/]sf] s'/f k|:tfj vf]n]sf] d'r'Nsfdf pNn]v ePsf] eP d"NofÍg ;ldltn] To;/L 5'6 lbg k|:tfj ul/Psf] /sd ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 . -!!_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL k|:tfjbftf dWo] ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[ltsf] nflu 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . -!@_ :jLs[tLsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftf;Fu sfo{ If]qut zt{, k|ult k|ltj]bg, sDkgLn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ s'/fx?sf ljifodf jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;/L jftf{ ubf{ sDkgL / k|:tfjbftf b'j}nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] ;xdlt xfl;n x'g g;s]df sDkgLn] To;kl5sf] ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] csf]{ k|:tfjbftf;Fu qmd};Fu jftf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . -!#_ pkljlgod -!@_ adf]lhd ePsf] jftf{df ;xdltdf k'u]sf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug{sf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . To;/L 5gf}6 ePsf] ;ft lbgleq sDkgLn] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L cGo k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;d]t lbg' kg]{5 . -!$_ pkljlgod -!#_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbgleq s'g} k|:tfjbftfn] ljlgod !)* adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg gu/]df 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t u/L lghnfO{ ;"rgf k|fKt ePsf] kGw|lbgleq ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . -!%_ :jLs[t ePsf] k|:tfjsf] k|:tfjbftf pkljlgod -!$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;Demf}tf ug{ cfPdf lgh;Fu ljlgod *( adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 . t/, To:tf] k|:tfjbftf pkljlgod -!$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;Demf}tf ug{ gcfPdf sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!@_ adf]lhd csf{] k|:tfjbftf;Fu jftf{ u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 . -!^_ b]xfosf s'g} cj:yfdf sDkgLn] ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug{ jf vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ k|fKt ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfjx? ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL gePdf, -v_ 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] nfut sDkgLsf] nfut cg'dfg / pknAw ah]6eGbf ;f/e"t?kdf a9L ePdf, -u_ dfu ePsf] k|fljlws ;]jf cfjZos gkg]{ ePdf, -3_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfk;df ldnf]dtf] u/L k|:tfj lbPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf . t/, ldnf]dtf] gu/]sf k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj pk/ sf/jfxL ug{ ;lsg]5 . #$= sfof{nosf] nflu 3/, hUuf / pks/0f ef8fdf lng] Joj:yf M -!_ sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos 3/, hUuf jf uf]bfd ef8fdf lnFbf ah]6sf] kl/lwleq /xL sa'lnot u/fO{ b]xfo adf]lhd lng ;lsg]5 M
  • 38. 29 -s_ jflif{s b'O{ nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ef8f kg{] 3/, hUuf jf uf]bfd ;DalGwt 3/, hUuf / uf]bfd wgL;Fu ;f]e}m jftf{ u/L, -v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L jflif{s kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ef8f kg{] 3/, hUuf jf uf]bfd /]06 sldl6n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d"Nodf ;f]e}m jftf{ u/L, -u_ v08 -v_ df plNnlvt /sdeGbf a9L ef8f kg{] 3/, hUuf jf uf]bfd cfjZos s'/fx¿ v'nfO{ sDtLdf kGw lbgsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]/ /]06 sldl6n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d"Nodf . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg jfo/n]; k|ljlwsf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cfjZos a]; :6]zg h8fg ug{sf] nflu k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm egL 5gf}6 ePsf] 3/ jf hUuf ef8fdf lnFbf To:tf] 3/ jf hUufsf] wgL;Fu ;f]e}m jftf{ u/L /]06 sldl6sf] l;kmfl/;df lng ;lsg]5 . -#_ o; ljlgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhd /]06 sldl6 x'g]5 M– -s_ s]Gb|Lo :t/df M ;DalGwt gfoj k|aGw lgb{]zs jf lgb{]zs – cWoIf k|ltlglw, l;len ljefu – ;b:o k|ltlglw, sfg"g zfvf – ;b:o ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v – ;b:o k|ltlglw, n]vf – ;b:o ;lrj -v_ :yfgLo :t/df M If]qLo lgb{]zs – cWoIf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v – ;b:o k|ltlglw, l;len zfvf – ;b:o ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] n]vf k|d'v – ;b:o k|ltlglw, k|zf;g zfvf – ;b:o ;lrj -$_ sDkgLn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ef8fdf lnPsf] 3/, hUuf jf uf]bfdsf] wgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf / axfn cÍ v'Ng] ljj/0f ;DalGwt cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{non] dfu u/] adf]lhd k7fO{ lbg' kb{5 . -%_ sDkgLn] b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug{sf] nflu g]kfndf sfo{/t b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yf tyf cGo ;+:yfx¿sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ Pj+ ;+/rgf -h:t}M 3/, 6fj/, la=l6=P;=, kfj/ tyf cGo pks/0f_ / ;f]sf] ;'/Iff ;d]tsf] nflu ;+o'Qm ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ cfk;L ;xdltsf] cfwf/df to ePsf] b/df jftf{ u/L lng lbg ;Sg]5 . -^_ jfo/n]; k|ljlwsf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cfjZos la=l6=P;= ejg tyf ;f]df h8fg ePsf] 6fj/, pks/0f, Po/ sl08;g, h]g]/]6/, lah'nL, ;'/Iff nufot ;]jf jf ;fdfg ef8fdf lng' k/]df To:tf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{] p2]Zo /fvL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf kmd{ sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] ;fj{hlgs
  • 39. 30 ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L b]xfosf] ;ldltaf6 nfe, nfut tyf ahf/ d"Nosf] d"NofÍg ;lxtsf] l;kmfl/; lnO{ ef8fdf lng ;lsg]5 M– -s_ ;DalGwt ljefu jf lgb{]zgfno k|d'v – ;+of]hs -v_ ;DalGwt ljefu jf lgb{]zgfno k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if1 – ;b:o -u_ ;DalGwt ljefu jf lgb{]zgfnosf] n]vf k|d'v – ;b:o #%= ;f]e}m vl/b ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fljlws ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf ;f]e}m vl/b ug{ jf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;f]e}m u/fpg ;lsg]5 M– -s_ vl/b ;DaGwL zt{x? k"/f ug]{ k|fljlws bIftf jf Ifdtf Pp6f dfq cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf, lgdf{0f Joj;foL jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ePdf, -v_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg, kf6{k"hf{ jf ;]jf cfk"lt{ ug]{ jf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ clwsf/ Pp6f dfq cfk"lt{stf{ jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu ePsf] / cGo pko'Qm ljsNk gePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] k|f]k|fO{6/L dfn;fdfg jf kf6{k'hf{ jf ;]jf ;f]sf] cfk"lt{stf{ jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu jf lghsf] cflwsfl/s ljq]mtf jf cflwsfl/s Ph]06 jf sfg"gL k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf clwsf/ k|fKt JolQm jf ;+:yf dfk{mt vl/b ubf{, -u_ df}h"bf dfn;fdfg, ;]jf jf hl8t ;+oGqsf] kf6{k'hf{sf] k|lt:yfkg jf lj:tf/ ug{ cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos kl/jt{g u/]df sDkgLdf /x]sf] df}h"bf dfn;fdfg, ;]jf jf hl8t ;+oGqsf] kf6{k'hf{sf] k|lt:yfkg jf lj:tf/ ug{ g;lsg] s'/f k|dfl0ft eO{ ;fljssf] cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosaf6 k|f]k|fO6/L :j?ksf] cltl/Qm dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df, -3_ k"jf{g'dfg ug{ g;lsPsf] sf/0fn] z'? ;Demf}tfdf ;dfj]z gePsf] / z'? ;Demf}tfaf6 cnu u/L ;DkGg ug{ k|fljlws jf cfly{s sf/0fn] sl7gfO{ x'g] eO{ cTofjZos lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df, -ª_ ;DalGwt sfdsf] nflu s'g} ljlzi6 (Unique) of]Uotf ePsf] vf; k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfossf] ;]jf tTsfn cfjZostf ePdf jf ;fljssf] k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos jf cfk"lt{stf{af6 g} ;]jf lng'kg]{ ckl/xfo{ sf/0f ePdf, -r_ sDkgLdf hl8t pks/0f -;km6j]o/ tyf xf8{j]o/_ sf] pkof]uL cfo' tyf nfe–nfutnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ To:tf] pks/0fdf kl5 ljsf; ePsf goFf ljz]iftfx? yk u/]df sDkgLn] cBfjlws tyf
  • 40. 31 ;do ;fk]If ;]jfx? k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] ePdf ;fljssf] cfk"lt{stf{af6} kl5 ljsf; ePsf gofF ljz]iftfx? -;km6j]o/ tyf xf8{j]o/ ;d]t_ yk ug{' k/]df, -5_ sDkgLnfO{ ;]jf ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos 3/, hUuf, dfn;fdfg tyf ;]jf :yfgLo txsf] ;fd'bflos ;+:yf, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL ;d'bfoaf6 vl/b ug'{ jf ef8fdf lng' k/]df, -h_ g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf ;+3, ;+:yfaf6 3/, hUuf, dfn;fdfg tyf ;]jf vl/b ug'{ jf ef8fdf lng' k/]df . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ b]lv -5_ ;Ddsf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ubf{ b]xfo cg';f/sf] ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd vl/b ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 x'g] vl/bsf] xsdf sDkgLsf] cy{ ljefu, of]hgf ljefu, ljsf; ljefu / dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;~rfng ljefusf gfoa k|aGw lgb]{zsx?, vl/b;Fu ;DalGwt ljefu jf lgb]{zgfno k|d'v tyf k|aGw lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] ;f] sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt Ps hgf ljz]if1 /x]sf] ;ldltsf], -v_ lgb]{zgfno / ;f] cGtu{t x'g] vl/bsf] xsdf ;DalGwt lgb]{zgfno jf ljefusf] k|fljlws zfvf k|d'v, vl/b;Fu ;DalGwt ljefluo jf zfvf k|d'v, n]vf k|d'v tyf lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] ;f] sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt Ps hgf ljz]if1 /x]sf] ;ldltsf] . -#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd ;f]e}m vl/b ug'{ cl3 b]xfosf s'/fx? olsg u/L ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ sDkgLsf] cfjZostf, vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ;fdfg e08f/df eP gePsf], cfjZos ;fdfg jf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ tyf kl/df0f, cfk"lt{sf] zt{ / ;do, -v_ ljBdfg pks/0fsf] cfo', ;f]af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] k|ltkmn / nfe–nfutsf] ljZn]if0f, -u_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jfk|bfos;Fu vl/b ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfjZos of]Uotf eP jf gePsf], -3_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{ jf k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos;+u dfu ul/Psf] lnlvt b//]6 jf k|:tfj, -ª_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"tL{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosn] sDkgLsf] dfu adf]lhd k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj sDkgLn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :k]l;lkms]zg tyf k|fljlws u'0f:t/ adf]lhdsf] eP gePsf],
  • 41. 32 -r_ k|:tfljt lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"tL{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfosaf6 k|:tfj ul/Psf] d"No pk/ jftf{ ul/Psf] / ;f] d"No plrt eP gePsf] . -$_ pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] k|f]k|fO{6/L dfn;fdfg vl/b ubf{ jf ;f]xL pkljlgodsf] v08 -3_ adf]lhdsf] cTofjZos lgdf{0f sfo{, dfn;fdfg, k/fdz{ ;]jf jf cGo ;]jf vl/b ubf{ tTsfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o d"No b/nfO{ ljrf/ u/L cl3Nnf] k6s vl/b ul/Psf] d"No b/df ga9g] u/L ;fljssf] d"n ;Demf}tf /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt d"No /sd;Dd vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 . -%_ pkljlgod -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pkljlgod -!_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_ adf]lhd vl/b ug'{ kg]{ dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf tTsfn vl/b gubf{ sDkgLnfO{ pNn]vgLo xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g ;Sg] k'i6ofO{+ ;lxtsf] kof{Kt cj:yf / plrt sf/0f b]lvPdf d"n ;Demf}tf /sdsf] krf; k|ltzt d"NoeGbf a9L t/ ztk|ltzt d"Nodf ga9g] /sd ;Ddsf] vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 . #^= ljz]if kl/l:yltdf vl/b ug{] ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; ljlgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljz]if kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ tTsfn vl/b gubf{ sDkgLnfO{ yk xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g] cj:yf cfOk/]df sDkgLn] tTsfn vl/b ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -@_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd vl/b ubf{ sDkgLn] vl/bsf] cfjZostfsf] lnlvt ljj/0f, u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, zt{ / sfo{ ;DkGg ug{] cjlw h:tf ljj/0f tof/ u/L cfsl:ds kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug{ cfjZos kl/df0f / ;dofjlwsf nflu dfq oyf;Dej k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ jf Pp6f dfq lgdf{0f Joj;foL, cfk"lt{stf{, k/fdz{bftf jf ;]jf k|bfos;Fu lnlvt b/efp jf k|:tfj lnO{ jf jftf{ u/L vl/b ug{' kg{]5 . -#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd ul/Psf] vl/bsf] ;DaGwdf sDkgLn] b]xfosf ljj/0f tyf sfuhftsf] clen]v /fVg' kg{]5 M– -s_ ljz]if kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] k|dfl0ft ug]{ ljj/0f, -v_ vl/bsf cGo ljlw ckgfpg g;lsg] sf/0f tyf cfwf/ . -$_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd vl/b ug]{ clwsf/ k|aGw lgb]{zsnfO{ dfq x'g]5 / k|aGw lgb{]zsn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kl/l:ylt tyf tTsfn ug{'kg{] vl/b ;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0fsf] hfgsf/L nuQ} a:g] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ug{' kg{]5 . #&= cdfgtaf6 sfd ug]{ M -!_ ;fdfGo k|s[ltsf] dd{t ;Def/ jf ;fgfltgf lgoldt sfo{ jf ;/;kmfO{ h:tf sfo{ cdfgtaf6 u/fpg ;lsg] 5 . -@_ sDkgLn] cfjZos b]v]df pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd cdfgtaf6 u/fpg] s'g} sfo{ sldl6 u7g u/L u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ cdfgtdf lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd ug'{ k/]df Ps tx dflysf] sfof{nodf k]z u/L :jLs[lt lnO{ :jLs[t nfut cg'dfg adf]lhd lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .
  • 42. 33 -$_ cdfgtaf6 lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfd ug'{ k/]df To:tf] sfd Ps nfv ?k}ofFdf ga9fO{ v08 v08 u/L jftf{af6 u/fpg jf cfjZos lgdf{0f ;fdu|L pknAw u/fO{ Hofnf vl/b ;Demf}tfdf lbg ;lsg]5 . -%_ sfof{no cfk}+m+n] cdfgtaf6 sfd ubf{ ;f] sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ dfn;fdfg jf ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df o; ljlgodfjnL adf]lhdsf] vl/b tyf k|flKt ;DaGwL k|lqmof k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 . #*= ljlgodfjnL cfslif{t gx'g] M g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf ljb]zL ;/sf/sf] clwsf+z :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yf jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx? aLr ePsf] cg'bfg jf C0f ;xfotf ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf jf ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] ;dembf/Lkq jf To:tf ;+:yfsf] vl/b tyf lgdf{0f lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd vl/b ubf{ jf lgdf{0f sfo{ u/fpg' kbf{ jf ;]jf pknAw u/fpg' kbf{ To:tf] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP hlt ljifodf o; ljlgodfjnLsf k|fjwfgx? cfslif{t x'g] 5}gg .
  • 43. 34 kl/R5]b–$ k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ljlw tyf k|ls|of #(= k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] M -!_ sDkgLsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ k/fdz{ ;]jf sDkgLdf pknAw bIf k|fljlws jf hgzlQm tyf oGq cf}hf/x? ;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L sDkgLaf6 x'g g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug{ ;lsg] 5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ;]jf lng' k/]df ;DalGwt ljifosf] lj1 jf lj1x?sf] ;d"x jf k/fdz{bft[ ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhd lgo'lQm u/L To:tf] ;]jf lng ;lsg] 5 M– -s_ kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] ;]jf z'Ns nfUg]df ;f]e}m jftf{af6, -v_ v08 -s_ df pNn]lvt /sdeGbf a9L bz nfv ?k}ofF;Dd ;]jf z'Ns nfUg]df ;dfg :t/sf] sDtLdf tLg j6f kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfaf6 k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj dfu u/L ;aeGbf sd b/jfnfsf] k|:tfjaf6, -u_ v08 -v_ df pNn]lvt /sdeGbf a9L ;]jf z'Ns nfUg]df cfzokq lnO{ ;f]af6 5gf}6 ePsf k/fdz{bftfx?af6 l;naGbL k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjaf6 . $)= v'Nnf ?kdf cfzokq dfu u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ljlgod #( sf] pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhdsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug{ To:tf] k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg OR5's JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL cfzokq ;+sng ug{ sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ /fli6«o :t/sf] ;dfrf/kqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] ;"rgf sDkgLsf] j]a ;fO{6df /fVg'sf ;fy} sDkgLsf] ;"rgf kf6Ldf ;d]t 6fF; ug'{ kg]{5 . t/, b]xfosf cj:yfdf cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] cfzokq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ tLg s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L /sdsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ug'{ k/]df, -v_ sDkgLsf] dfu cg'?ksf] k/fdz{ ;]jf k|lt:kwf{Tds d"Nodf g]kfnleqsf PseGbf a9L k/fdz{bftfaf6 k|fKt x'g g;Sg] ePdf, -u_ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf nflu /fli6«o:t/df k|:tfj dfu ubf{ s'g} k|:tfj gk/L ljb]zL k/fdz{bftfaf6 ;]jf lng' kg]{ ePdf, jf -3_ bft[kIf;+usf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd j}b]lzs ;xfotf >f]taf6 Joxf]l/g] u/L cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] cfzokq dfu u/L k/fdz{bftfaf6 ;]jf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ ePdf . -@_ cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] cfzokq dfu ubf{ c+u|]hL efiffdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ cfzokq dfu ug]{ ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg' kg]{5 M– -s_ sDkgLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ k|:tfljt sfd jf cfof]hgfsf] ;fdfGo ljj/0f,
  • 44. 35 -u_ cfzokqbftfsf] of]Uotf, -3_ cfzokqbftf kmd{ jf sDkgL eP M– -!_ kmd{ jf sDkgLsf] ljj/0f, ;+u7g / sd{rf/L, -@_ b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L kmd{ jf sDkgLn] ;d"x jf ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ?kdf k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg] eP To:tf kmd{ jf sDkgLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, ljj/0f tyf d'Vo eO{ sfd ug]{ kmd{ jf sDkgLsf] gfd, -#_ ljut kfFr jif{ leqdf ;DkGg u/]sf] ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd / :yfgsf] ljj/0f, / -$_ ;+nUg x'g] k|d'v hgzlQmsf] j}olQms ljj/0f ;lxtsf] kmd{ jf sDkgL k|f]kmfOn . -ª_ JolQmut k/fdz{bftfsf] xsdf ljut tLg jif{df ;DkGg u/]sf] ;dfg k|s[ltsf] sfd / :yfgsf] ljj/0f tyf j}olQms ljj/0f, -r_ k|:tfljt sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] cg'dflgt ;do, -5_ ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLaf6 dfq k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b ;DaGwL k|:tfj dfu ul/g] s'/f, -h_ cfzokqbftfn] k]z ug'{kg]{ sfuhftx?, -em_ cfzokq tof/ ug]{ lgb]{zg / cfzokq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt tyf :yfg, / -`_ sDkgL;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{ 7]ufgf / ;Dks{ JolQm . -$_ cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] cfzokq dfu ubf{ sDkgLn] Ps tx dflysf] clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 . -%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] cfzokqbftfsf] of]Uotf, cg'ej / Ifdtf ;d]t d"NofÍg u/L To:tf] k/fdz{ ;]jf lbg;Sg] ;fwf/0ftof tLgb]lv 5 j6f cfzokqbftfsf] 5gf}6 u/L ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ug'{kg]{5 . -^_ cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] cfzokqbftfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ sDkgLn] ljleGg d'n's, k[i7e"ld / Ps :yfgLo Ph]G6 /x]sf] kmd{ jf sDkgLsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . -&_ sDkgLsf] ;"rgf adf]lhd cfzokq k]z gug]{ Voflt k|fKt k/fdz{bftf;Fu ;Dks{ u/L lghsf] gfd ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg]5 . -*_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd cfzokqbftfsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ jf pkljlgod -&_ adf]lhd gfd ;dfj]z ubf{ sDtLdf tLg j6f cfzokqbftf 5gf}6 x'g g;s] sDkgLn] k'gM ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cfzokq dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . -(_ pkljlgod -*_ adf]lhd bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg sDtLdf tLg j6f cfzokqbftf 5gf}6 x'g g;s]df 5gf}6 ePsf hlt cfzokqbftfsf] dfq ;"rL sfod ug{ ;lsg]5 . -!)_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] ;"rLsf] hfgsf/L sDkgLn] cfzokq k]z ug]{ ;a} cfzokqbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
  • 45. 36 $!= k|:tfj dfu ug]{ M -!_ ljlgod $) adf]lhd ;+lIfKt ;"rL tof/ ePkl5 sDkgLn] ;f] ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf k/]sf cfzokqbftfx?nfO{ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhft x'nfs, s'l/o/, Od]n jf JolQm dfk{mt k7fO{ sDtLdf tL; lbgsf] ;do lbO{ lghx?af6 k|:tfj dfu ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ sDkgLsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ vl/b ul/g] ;]jfsf] k|s[lt, ;]jf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ cjlw, :yfg, ;]jfsf] sfo{If]qut zt{x?, ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ sfo{ / ck]lIft kl/0ffd, -u_ k|:tfj tof/ ug{ k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ lgb]{zg, -3_ k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfj 5'§f5'§} vfddf /fvL l;naGbL u/L k|To]s vfdsf] aflx/ s'g k|sf/sf] k|:tfj xf] ;f] :ki6?kn] pNn]v u/L b'j} k|:tfjnfO{ csf]{ 5'§} vfd aGbL u/L dfu ul/Psf] ;]jfsf] ljifo pNn]v ug'{kg]{ s'/f, -ª_ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s d"NofÍg ef/, -r_ k|:tfj d"NofÍg / t'ngf ug]{ cfwf/ / cÍ ef/, -5_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf zt{x? (Terms of Reference), -h_ k|:tfj k]z ug'{kg]{ :yfg, ldlt / ;do, -em_ k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug]{ ljlw, -`_ :jfy{ aflemg] ePdf k|:tfj pk/ sf/jfxL gx'g] s'/f / e|i6frf/ jf hfn;fhL u/]df x'g] sfg"gL sf/jfxL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L, -6_ sDkgLn] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sf/jfxL ubf{ u/]sf] q'6L jf lg0f{o lj?4 k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu k|:tfjbftfn] lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf, -7_ k|:tfj dfu kq, -8_ k|:tfljt k|d'v hgzlQmn] cfkmgf] xfn;fn}sf] j}olQms ljj/0f ;To / k"0f{ /x]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ Joxf]/f, -9_ k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍg u/]kl5 dfq cfly{s k|:tfj vf]lng] s'/f, -0f_ k|fljlws k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftfn] k|fKt ug'{kg]{ pQL0ff{Í, -t_ k|:tfjbftfn] ;DalGwt sfdsf] nflu cfkmgf] 5'§} sfo{ of]hgf tyf hgzlQm k|:tfj ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg], -y_ k|:tfjbftfn] sfo{If]qut zt{df l6Kk0fL ug{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg], / -b_ cfjZos cGo s'/fx? . -#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -r_ adf]lhd k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/x? pNn]v ubf{ k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'g} jf ;a} cfwf/x? cfjZostf cg';f/ v'nfpg' kg]{5 M– -s_ k/fdz{bftfn] ug'{ kg]{ sfd ;DaGwL k/fdz{bftfsf] cg'ej, -v_ k/fdz{bftfn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ k|:tfljt tl/sfsf] u'0f:t/,
  • 46. 37 -u_ k|:tfljt d'Vo hgzlQmsf] of]Uotf, -3_ 1fg tyf k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf] Joj:yf, -ª_ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sfd ;Dkfbg ug{ k|:tfljt d'Vo g]kfnL hgzlQmsf] ljj/0f . -$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -em_ adf]lhd k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug]{ ljlw pNn]v ubf{ k|:tfjsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf ljlwx? dWo] s'g ljlwsf] cfwf/df x'g] xf] ;f] Joxf]/f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw, -v_ u'0f:t/ ljlw, -u_ lglZrt ah]6 ljlw, jf -3_ Go"g nfut ljlw . -%_ pkljlgod -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg vl/b ug'{kg]{ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] k|s[lt c;fdfGo ?kn] hl6n ePsf] jf To:tf] ;]jfn] /fli6«o cy{tGq jf efjL kl/of]hgfdf pNn]vgLo k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 k"0f{tM u'0f:t/ ljlwsf] cfwf/df ug{ ;lsg]5 . -^_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|:tfj d"NofÍgsf] cÍef/ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] cÍef/ pNn]v ubf{ pQL0ff{Í ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . -&_ pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhd cÍef/ pNn]v ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw ckgfO{ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ul/g] eP sfdsf] k|s[lt / hl6ntf cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] s'n cÍef/ Ps ;o x'g] u/L / To:tf] s'n cÍef/ dWo] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] cÍef/ ;Q/L b]lv gAa] tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] cÍef/ tL;b]lv bz;Dd x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -v_ u'0f:t/ ljlw, lglZrt ah]6 ljlw / Go"g nfut ljlw ckgfO{ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ul/g] eP k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] s'n cÍef/ Ps ;o x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -*_ lglZrt ah]6 ljlwaf6 k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ k|:tfj cfXjfg ubf{ pknAw ah]6 k|:tfjdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . -(_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k/fdz{bftfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ cÍef/ pNn]v ubf{ k"0ff{Í Ps ;o x'g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cÍsf] ;Ldf ggf£g] u/L sfdsf] k|s[lt / hl6ntf cg';f/ pko'Qm cÍ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] vf; sfdsf] cg'ejdf s'n cÍsf] bz k|ltzt;Dd, -v_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ tl/sf / sfo{ If]qut zt{k|ltsf] k|efju|fxLtfdf s'n cÍsf] aL;b]lv krf; k|ltzt;Dd, -u_ d'Vo d'Vo hgzlQmsf] of]Uotf / cg'ejdf s'n cÍsf] tL;b]lv ;f7L k|ltzt;Dd,
  • 47. 38 -3_ k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f jf tflnddf s'n cÍsf] bz k|ltzt;Dd, -ª_ :jb]zL hgzlQmsf] ;xeflutfdf s'n cÍsf] bz k|ltzt;Dd . -!)_ pkljlgod -(_ sf] v08 -ª_ df plNnlvt cÍef/ /fli6«o:t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g . -!!_ pkljlgod -(_ df plNnlvt ;a} d"NofÍgsf cfwf/nfO{ tLg j6f pkcfwf/df ljefhg u/L ;f] jfktsf] cÍ ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . $@= k|:tfj vf]Ng] M -!_ k|:tfj bflvnf ug]{ clGtd Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 k|:tfjbftfaf6 k|fKt k|:tfjsf] aflx/L vfd vf]nL k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfjsf l;naGbL vfd 5'6ofpg' kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd 5'6ofO{Psf vfdx? dWo] klxn] k|fljlws k|:tfj vf]Ng' kg]{5 / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd gvf]nL ;'/lIft;fy 5'§} /fVg' kg]{5 . To;/L 5'6ofO{Psf] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍg u/]kl5 dfq vf]Ng' kg]{5 . -#_ k|:tfj vf]Nbf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df vf]Ng' kg]{5 . t/, k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g . -$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd k|:tfj vf]Ng' cl3 Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] k|:tfjsf] vfd / /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf k|:tfjsf] vfdnfO{ 5'6ofO{ Dofb gf3L k|fKt x'g cfPsf k|:tfj gvf]nL ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L lkmtf{ ul/Psf] s'/f, ldlt / ;do vl/b sf/jfxLsf] k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 . -%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd k|:tfj lkmtf{ u/]kl5 /Ltk"j{s btf{ ePsf k|:tfjsf] aflx/L vfd qmd};Fu vf]nL ;f]df /x]sf] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] vfd vf]nL b]xfosf s'/f k9]/ ;'gfO{ ;f]sf] d'r'Nsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftfsf] x:tfIf/ eP gePsf], -u_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf ;RofO{Psf] jf s]/d]6 u/]sf]df k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/] gu/]sf], -3_ sDkgLn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/fx? . -^_ pkljlgod -%_ adf]lhdsf] d'r'Nsfdf sDkgLn] pkl:yt k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] b:tvt u/fpg' kg]{5 . -&_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd vf]lnPsf] k|fljlws k|:tfj sDkgLn] oyfzL3| d"NofÍg ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . $#= k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg M -!_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf pNn]v ePsf] d"NofÍgsf] cfwf/ adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
  • 48. 39 -@_ k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍg ubf{ d"NofÍg ;ldltsf k|To]s ;b:on] 5'§f5'§} ?kdf ljlgod $! sf] pkljlgod -(_ df plNnlvt cfwf/ adf]lhd d"NofÍg u/L k|:tfjbftfn] k|fKt u/]sf] cÍ olsg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd cÍ olsg ePkl5 ;f] ;ldltsf] k|To]s ;b:on] k|bfg u/]sf] cÍ u0fgf u/L To:tf] k|:tfjn] k|fKt u/]sf] cf}ift cÍ lgsfNg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkljlgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd d"NofÍg u/] kl5 d"NofÍg ;ldltn] ljlgod $! sf] pkljlgod -^_ adf]lhdsf] pQL0ff{Í k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftfx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rL tof/ ubf{ pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftf b]lv qmd};Fu tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . $$= d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] ljlgod $# adf]lhdsf] d"NofÍg ;DaGwL sf/jfxL ;DkGg u/] kl5 k|:tfjsf] u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bgdf b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] clwsf/k|fKt k|ltlglwsf] ;xL5fk eP jf gePsf], -u_ k|:tfjbftf k|:tfj k]z ug{ sfg"g adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf] k'i6ofO{+ ug]{ sfuhftx? k]z eP jf gePsf], -3_ ;+o'Qm pkj|md ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf cfjZos eP ;f] k]z eP jf gePsf], -ª_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg cg'?k k|:tfj k"0f{ eP jf gePsf], / -r_ k|To]s k|:tfjsf] ;fk]lIfs ;jntf, b'j{ntf / d"NofÍg kl/0ffd . $%= cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] M -!_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgsf] sfo{ ;dfKt gx'~h]n cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng' x'Fb}g . -@_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgaf6 of]Uo eO{ ljlgod $# sf] pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf k/]sf k|:tfjbftfsf] dfq cfly{s k|:tfj vf]lng]5 . pQm ;"rLdf ;dfj]z x'g g;s]sf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lghsf] k|fljlws k|:tfj 5gf}6 x'g g;s]sf] hfgsf/L ;lxt lghsf] cfly{s k|:tfj gvf]nL lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] k|of]hgsf nflu 5gf}6 ePsf k|:tfjbftfnfO{ sDkgLn] cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] :yfg, ldlt / ;do pNn]v u/L /fli6«o:t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sDtLdf ;ft lbg / cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ pkl:yt x'g ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
  • 49. 40 -$_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd vf]Nbf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf vf]Ng' kg]{5 . t/, k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g . -%_ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhd cfly{s k|:tfjsf] vfd vf]n]kl5 d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd, lghn] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf k|fKt u/]sf] cÍ / cfly{s k|:tfjdf k|:tfj u/]sf] ;]jf z'Ns k9]/ ;'gfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] d'r"Nsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ k|:tfjbftfsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ k|:tfljt ;]jf z'Ns, -u_ k|:tfljt ;]jf z'Nsdf s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfj ul/Psf] eP ;f]sf] Joxf]/f, -3_ cÍ / cIf/sf aLr leGgtf eP ;f] leGgtfsf] ljj/0f, -ª_ cfly{s k|:tfjdf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] x:tfIf/ eP gePsf], -r_ cfly{s k|:tfjdf s'g} s'/f jf Joxf]/f s]/d]6 u/]sf] eP ;f] 7fpFdf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/] gu/]sf] tyf s]/d]6 u/]sf] /sd / Joxf]/f, -5_ sDkgLn] pko'Qm 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos s'/fx? . $^= cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg M -!_ k|:tfj ;DaGwL sfuhftdf cGoyf pNn]v ul/Psf]df afx]s cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgsf] nflu ;f] k|:tfjdf d"No clej[l4 s/ afx]s k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k/fdz{bftfnfO{ nfUg] s/ tyf k/fdz{bftfsf] e|d0f, ;DalGwt sfuhftsf] cg'jfb, k|ltj]bg 5kfO{ jf lz/f]ef/ vr{ (Overhead Expenses) h:tf ;f]wegf{ x'g] vr{ ;d]t lghsf] ;]jf z'Nsdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] dflgg]5 . -@_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|To]s k|:tfjbftfsf] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ k|:tfjdf s'g} cÍ ul0ftLo q'6L kfOPdf To:tf] q'6L ;Rofpg ;Sg]5 . To;/L q'6L ;RofpFbf PsfO{ b/ / s'n /sddf leGgtf ePdf PsfO{ b/ dfGo x'g]5 / ;f]xL b/ adf]lhd s'n /sd ;Rofpg' kg]{5 . To;/L q'6L ;RofO{Psf] ePdf ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfly{s k|:tfjdf pNn]v u/]sf] /sd cÍ / cIf/df km/s k/]df cIf/df n]lvPsf] /sd dfGo x'g]5 . -$_ k|:tfljt saf]n cÍdf k|:tfjbftfn] s'g} 5'6 lbg k|:tfj u/]sf] s'/f cfly{s k|:tfj vf]n]sf] d'r'Nsfdf pNn]v ePsf] eP d"NofÍg ;ldltn] To;/L 5'6 lbg k|:tfj ul/Psf] /sd ;dfof]hg ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ o; ljlgod adf]lhdsf] d"NofÍg u/] kl5 ;a} k|:tfjbftfsf] sfod x'g cfPsf] saf]n cÍsf] ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
  • 50. 41 $&= k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 M -!_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw ckgfO{Psf] ePdf d"NofÍg ;ldltn] b]xfo adf]lhd k|fljlws / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] ;+o'Qm d"NofÍg u/L ;kmn k|:tfjbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ d"NofÍg ul/g] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] k|fKtfÍnfO{ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'6ofOPsf] cÍef/n] u'0fg u/L k|fKt u'0fgkmnnfO{ Ps;on] efu ubf{ cfpg] efukmnsf] cÍ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] v'b k|fKtfÍ x'g]5 . -v_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgaf6 ;kmn ePsf k|:tfjx? dWo] ;a}eGbf 36L saf]n cÍnfO{ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'6ofO{Psf] cÍef/n] u'0fg u/L k|fKt u'0fgkmnnfO{ d"NofÍg ul/g] k|:tfjbftfsf] saf]n cÍn] efu ubf{ cfpg] efukmnsf] cÍ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] k|fKtfÍ x'g]5 . -u_ k|fljlws k|:tfj / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] v"b k|fKtfÍ hf]8L ;+o'Qm d"NofÍg ubf{ ;a}eGbf a9L cÍ kfpg] k|:tfjbftf ;kmn dflgg] x'Fbf lghnfO{ 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu M– -c_ k|fljlws k|:tfjnfO{ 5'6ofOPsf] s'n cÍef/Ö *) lgwf{l/t pQL0ff{Í Nofpg] s, v, / u k|:tfjbftfn] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf kfPsf] cÍ M– s Ö () v Ö *% u Ö *) pko'{Qm cÍ tyf cÍef/sf] cfwf/df k|fljlws k|:tfjdf kfpg] cÍ u0fgf ug]{ tl/sf M– s Ö 90 × 80 100 = 72 v Ö 85 × 80 100 = 68 u Ö 80 × 80 100 = 64 -cf_ cfly{s k|:tfjnfO{ 5'6ofOPsf] cÍef/Ö @) k|fljlws k|:tfjdf pQL0f{ ePsf s, v / u k|:tfjbftfn] cfly{s k|:tfjdf saf]n u/]sf] /sd M– s Ö $,%),))).– v Ö $,#),))).– u Ö $,@),))).– t;y{, ;a}eGbf 36L saf]n u/]sf] /sd Ö $,@),))).–
  • 51. 42 pko'{Qm cÍ tyf cÍef/sf] cfwf/df cfly{s k|:tfjdf kfpg] cÍ u0fgf ug]{ tl/sf M– s Ö 420000 × 20 450000 = 18.66 v Ö 420000 × 20 430000 = 19.53 u Ö 420000 × 20 420000 = 20 -O_ k|fljlws k|:tfj / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] ;+o'Qm d"NofÍgaf6 kfpg] s'n cÍ ljj/0f M– k|:tfjbftf k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] v'b k|fKtfÍ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] v'b k|fKtfÍ s'n cÍ s}lkmot s &@ !*=^^ ()=^^ ;a}eGbf a9L s'n cÍ kfpg] k|:tfjbftf æsÆ 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ v ^* !(=%# *&=%# u ^$ @)=)) *$ -@_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ u'0f:t/ ljlw ckgfOPsf] ePdf d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfj dfq 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ lglZrt ah]6 ljlw ckgfOPsf] ePdf d"NofÍg ;ldltn] To:tf] ah]6sf] ;LdfeGbf a9L nfut ePsf] k|:tfj /2 u/L To:tf] ah]6sf] ;Ldfleq k/]sf] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . -$_ k|:tfjsf] 5gf}6 ug{ Go"g nfut ljlw ckgfOPsf] ePdf d"NofÍg ;ldltn] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf ;kmn x'g lgwf{l/t Go"gtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ k|:tfjbftf dWo] ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj 5gf}6 ug'{ kg]{5 . $*= k|:tfjbftf;Fu jftf{ ug]{ M -!_ ljlgod $& adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftf;+u sfo{ If]qut zt{ / k|:tfljt ;]jfsf] sfo{If]q, k|ult k|ltj]bg, sDkgLn] pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ ;'ljwfsf ljifodf jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . To;/L jftf{ ug'{kg]{ ePdf sDkgLn] To:tf] k|:tfjbftfnfO{ jftf{sf] ldlt, ;do / :yfg v'nfO{ jftf{ ug{ cfpg ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . -@_ ljlgod $& sf] pkljlgod -@_ sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cfly{s k|:tfjsf ;DaGwdf k]zfljbx?sf] kfl/>lds ;DaGwdf jftf{ x'g ;Sg] 5}g . t/, ;f]wegf{ x'g] k|s[ltsf vr{ ;DaGwdf jftf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
  • 52. 43 -#_ o; ljlgod adf]lhd jftf{ ubf{ sDkgL / k|:tfjbftf b'j}nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] ;xdlt xfl;n x'g g;s]df sDkgLn] ljlgod $& sf] pkljlgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf To;kl5sf] pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ / pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf To;kl5sf] ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] csf]{ k|:tfjbftf;+u qmd};+u jftf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . $(= k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf M -!_ ljlgod $* adf]lhd ePsf] jftf{df ;xdltdf k'u]sf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug{sf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ul/Psf] ;ft lbgleq sDkgLn] To;/L 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ / ;"rLdf k/]sf cGo k|:tfjbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbgleq s'g} k|:tfjbftfn] ljlgod !)* adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu s'g} lgj]bg gu/]df pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t u/L lghnfO{ ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq lgh ;Demf}tf ug{ pkl:yt ePdf lghn] ljlgod *( adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 . t/, lgh ;Demf}tf ug{ pkl:yt gePdf sDkgLn] ljlgod $& sf] pkljlgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ sf] k|:tfjbftfsf] xsdf To;kl5sf] pRrtd cÍ k|fKt ug]{ / pkljlgod -$_ sf] k|:tfjbftfsf] xsdf ;a}eGbf sd nfut ePsf] csf]{ k|:tfjbftf;+u qmd};+u jftf{ u/L ljlgod *( adf]lhd vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 . -%_ ljlgod !)* adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg k/]sf]df o; ljlgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b–!! adf]lhdsf] k|ls|of k"/f geO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g . %)= k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug]{ / vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug]{ M b]xfosf s'g} cj:yfdf sDkgLn] ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfj c:jLs[t ug{ jf vl/b sf/jfxL /2 ug{ ;Sg]5 M– -s_ k|fKt ;Dk"0f{ k|:tfj sfo{If]qut zt{x? cg';f/ ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL gePdf, -v_ nfut cg'dfg / pknAw ah]6eGbf 5gf}6 ePsf] k|:tfjbftfsf] nfut ;f/e"t?kdf a9L ePdf, -u_ k/fdz{ ;]jf cfjZos gkg]{ ePdf, jf -3_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfk;df ldnf]dtf] u/L k|:tfj lbPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf . t/, ldnf]dtf] gu/]sf k|:tfjbftfsf] k|:tfj pk/ sf/jfxL ug{ ;lsg]5 .
  • 53. 44 kl/R5]b–% l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf %!= l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg ug'{ cl3 b]xfosf s''/fx? pNn]v u/L l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ cfk"lt{ ug'{kg]{ dfn;fdfg jf ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ lgdf{0f sfo{ jf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{ ;]jfsf] :k]l;lkms]zg, u'0f:t/, kl/df0f, cfk"lt{sf zt{x? / ;do tyf cGo cfjZos s'/fx?sf] ljj/0f, -v_ l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfsf] of]Uotf -lgdf{0f vl/b afx]s_, -u_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt cfjZos kg]{ eP ;f] s'/f, -3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq dfGo /xg] cjlw, -ª_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fddf b/efpkqbftfn] /Ltk"j{s ;xL5fk u/]sf] x'g' kg]{ s'/f, -r_ l;naGbL b/efpkq d"NofÍg ug]{ tl/sf, -5_ dfn;fdfgsf] xsdf jf/]G6L ;DaGwL bfloTj / lgdf{0f sfo{sf] xsdf q'6L ;Rofpg] cjlw;Ddsf] bfloTj . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL kmf/fd tof/ ePkl5 sfof{no k|d'vn] b/efpkq ;DaGwL sfuhft :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] b/efpkqsf] kmf/fddf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L jf lghn] tf]s]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt eO{ 5fk nfu]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . %@= l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg M -!_ sDkgLn] l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfg ubf{ /fli6«o jf :yfgLo :t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/ kqdf sDtLdf kGw| lbgsf] cjlw lbO{ b]xfosf s'/f pNn]v u/L ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd kfO{g] :yfg / ;f] jfkt nfUg] b:t'/, -v_ hdfgt cfjZos kg]{ eP ;f]sf] lsl;d, /sd / ;dofjlw, -u_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k7fpg] tl/sf tyf k7fpg' kg]{ sfof{no jf clwsf/Lsf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -3_ l;naGbL b/efpkq bflvnf ug'{kg]{ clGtd ldlt / ;do, -ª_ l;naGbL b/efpkq vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do / :yfg, -r_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ tLgj6f eGbf sd l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z x'g cfPdf jf b/efpkq k]z g} gePdf ;f] ;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f pNn]v gu/L ;f]xL pkljlgod adf]lhd bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . -#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd bf];|f] k6s ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ klg cfjZos ;+Vofdf l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z x'g gcfPdf k]z x'g cfPsf b/efpkq dWo]af6 b/efpkq :jLs[t ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
  • 54. 45 %#= l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fdsf] b:t'/ M l;naGbL b/efpkq ;DaGwL kmf/fdsf] b:t'/ tLg xhf/ ?k}ofF /xg]5 . %$= l;naGbL b/efpkq hdfgt M -!_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL jf ;+:yfn] l;naGbL b/efpkqsf ;fy cfkm"n] saf]n u/]sf] /sdsf] b'O{ k|ltztb]lv tLg k|ltzt;Ddsf] /sdn] x'g] gub hdfgt jf sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] jfl0fHo a}Íaf6 gAa] lbgsf] dfGo cjlw /xg] u/L hf/L ePsf] a}Í Uof/]G6L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfn] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd /fv]sf] hdfgt b]xfosf] cj:yfdf hkmt x'g]5 M– -s_ 5gf}6 ePsf] l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfn] vl/b ;Demf}tf gu/]df, -v_ l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fddf plNnlvt sfo{;Dkfbg hdfgt vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{] Dofbleq lbg g;s]df, / -u_ ljlgod !)# adf]lhdsf] cfr/0f ljk/Lt sfd u/]df . %%= l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ tyf vf]Ng] M -!_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug{ OR5's JolQm, kmd{, ;+:yf jf sDkgLn] tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lt/L sDkgLaf6 l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] kmf/fd vl/b u/L ;f]xL kmf/fddf l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ Ps k6s k]z e};s]sf] l;naGbL b/efpkq lkmtf{ jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g . -#_ l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] dfGo cjlw k}+tfnL; lbgsf] x'g]5 . -$_ l;naGbL b/efpkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ;do ;lsPsf] nut} sDkgLn] l;naGbL b/efpkq cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf ;Dej eP;Dd l;naGbL b/efpkqbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglwsf] /f]xj/df l;naGbL b/efpkq kmf/fd vf]Ng' kg]{5 . %^= l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] d"NofÍg tyf :jLs[lt M -!_ l;naGbL b/efpkqsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ l;naGbL b/efpkq sfuhftdf plNnlvt k|ls|of tyf o; ljlgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b–* df plNnlvt af]nkq k/LIf0f tyf d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Joj:yfx? adf]lhd x'g] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ l;naGbL b/efpkq vf]n]sf] ldltaf6 kGw| lbgleq ljlgod %! sf] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] zt{x? k"/f u/L nfut cg'dfgleq k/]sf] ;f/e"t?kdf k|efju|fxL Go"gtd d"NoflÍt b/efpkq :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 . To;/L l;naGbL b/efpkq :jLs[t u/]kl5 ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;a} l;naGbL b/efpkqbftfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . t/, d"No clej[l4 s/ / :yfoL n]vf btf{ k|df0fkq gePsf JolQm, kmd{ jf ;+:yfsf] b/efpkq :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
  • 55. 46 -#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd l;naGbL b/efpkq :jLs[t ePsf] ;ft lbgleq sDkgLn] ;DalGwt b/efpkqbftfnfO{ vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ b/efpkqbftfn] ;f] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] ;ft lbgleq cfk"mn] saf]n u/]sf] cÍsf] kfFr k|ltztn] x'g] gub} jf sDkgLn] tf]s]sf] s'g} jfl0fHo a}Ín] sDkgLsf] gfddf tf]lsPsf] cjlwsf] nflu hf/L u/]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt k]z u/L vl/b ;Demf}tf ug'{ kg]{5 .
  • 56. 47 kl/R5]b–^ k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL Joj:yf %&= k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ sDkgLn] ;do ;dodf 7"nf / hl6n elg lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{ jf kfFr s/f]8 ?k}ofFeGbf a9L d"Nosf] b"/;~rf/ pks/0f jf dfn;fdfg vl/b ug{ jf of]Uo af]nkqbftfsf] klxrfg ug{ af]nkq cfXjfg ug'{ cl3 k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ s'g} lglZrt ;dodf ;DkGg u/L ;Sg' kg]{ g]6js{ lj:tf/sf] 8S6LË tyf jfo/n]; ;]jfsf] la=6L=P;= h8fgsf nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ -h:t}M 6fj/, ljB'tLs/0f, kfj/ pks/0f, ;]N6/ / Po/ sl08zg/_ sf] lgdf{0f tyf h8fg sfo{x?nfO{ ljleGg If]q jf Kofs]hdf ljefhg u/L k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L a9Ldf b'O{ jif{sf] nflu of]Uo k|:tfjs 5gf}6 ug{sf] nflu k|:tfj cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjaf6 5flgPsf k|:tfjbftfx? aLr d"Nodf k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ Go"gtd d"No k|:tfj ug]{ k|:tfjbftfnfO{ / To:tf] Go"gtd d"Nodf sfd ug]{ zt{df 5flgPsf dWo]sf cGo k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ ;d]t ljlgod &% sf] pkljlgod -(_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg hdfgt lnO{ ljlgod *( adf]lhdsf] vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L sfd lbg ;lsg] 5 . o;/L ljefhg u/L u/fPsf] sfo{ ;Gtf]ifhgs ePdf dfq ;f]xL k|:tfjbftfnfO{ c? yk sfd lbg ;lsg]5 . t/, s[lqd k|lt:kwf{ x'g] u/L cfk;df ldn]/ k|:tfj lbPdf jf k|rlnt ahf/ d"NoeGbf ;f/e"t ?kdf km/s d"Nosf] k|:tfj k|fKt ePdf ;a} k|:tfjx? /2 u/L To:tf k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] ;"lraf6 ;d]t x6fOg]5 . :ki6Ls/0f M o; pkljlgoddf æd"NoÆ eGgfn] k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjaf6 5flgPsf k|:tfjbftfx?af6 l;naGbL ?kdf k|fKt ePsf] PsfO{ b/nfO{ hgfpg]5 . -$_ sDkgLn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;~rfngsf] nflu lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfk"lt{ ug{'kg]{ SIM Card, RUIM Card, Recharge Card tyf cGo Cash Cards ;d]tnfO{ pkljlgod -@_, -#_ / -$_ adf]lhd vl/b ug{ ;lsg]5 . -%_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhd k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjaf6 5flgPsf k|:tfjbftfx? aLr pkljlgod -#_ adf]lhd d"Nodf k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg l;naGbL PsfO{ b/ dfu ubf{ /fli6«o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sDtLdf kGw| lbg tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf sDtLdf PSsfO; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;"rgf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] ;"rgf sDkgLsf] j]a ;fO{6df klg k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 . %*= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ ljlgod %& adf]lhd k"j{of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{ jf d"No ;DaGwL k|:tfj dfu ug]{ ePdf sDkgLn] af]nkq cfXjfg jf d"No ;DaGwL k|:tfj dfu ug'{ cl3 k"j{of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
  • 57. 48 -@_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf s'/fx? ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ k|:tfljt sfdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotf, of]Uotfsf cfwf/ / ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] xsdf ;fem]bf/sf] of]Uotf, -v_ k|:tfjbftfn] cfkmgf] of]Uotf / u|fXotf k'li6 ug{ k]z ug'{kg]{ sfuhft / hfgsf/L, -u_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'§f 5'§} ;d"x jf Kofs]h agfO{ vl/b ug'{ kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;d"x jf Kofs]h, -3_ k|:tfj tof/ ug]{ / k]z ug]{ tl/sf, -ª_ k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj d"NofÍg ug]{ k|s[of, -r_ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf d'Vo d'Vo zt{, -5_ vl/bsf] k|s[lt, vl/b ug{ nfUg] ;dofjlw tyf ;f]sf] k|fljlws :k]lzlkms]zg, / -h_ k"j{of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj k]z ug]{ tl/sf, :yfg, clGtd ldlt / ;do . -em_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? . -#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfuhftdf k|aGw lgb{]zs jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt / sfof{nosf] 5fk nfu]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . %(= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL cfwf/ :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{ M sDkgLn] k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj cfXjfg ug'{ cl3 ljlgod ( jf !) adf]lhd lgwf{l/t k"j{ of]Uotfsf cfwf/x? k|aGw lgb]{zsaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 . t/, vl/b sfo{sf] :jLs[lt ;ldltaf6 u/fpg' kg]{ ePdf k"j{of]Uotfsf cfwf/x? ;d]t ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 . ^)= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ M -!_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgf /fli6«o :t/sf] b}lgs ;dfrf/kqdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 / cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] k|:tfjsf] xsdf cGt/f{li6«o ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;d]t k|sfzg ug{ ;lsg]5 . To:tf] ;"rgf sDkgLsf] j]a ;fO{6df klg /fVg' kg]{5 . -@_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfdf b]xfosf s'/fx? v'nfpg' kg]{5 M– -s_ k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ sfof{nosf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft kfOg] :yfg, k|fKt ug]{ tl/sf / nfUg] b:t'/, -u_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj k]z ug]{ :yfg, tl/sf, clGtd ldlt / ;do, -3_ k|:tfj dfGo x'g] cjlw, -ª_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do, :yfg / ;dodf k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ s'/f,
  • 58. 49 -r_ hdfgt dfu ePsf]df ;f] hdfgtsf] dfGo x'g] cjlw, -5_ cGo cfjZos s'/fx? . -#_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg ubf{ /fli6«o:t/sf] k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf] xsdf sDtLdf tL; lbg / cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf] k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0fsf] k|:tfj cfXjfgsf] ;"rgfsf] xsdf sDtLdf k}+tfnL; lbgsf] cjlw lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ pkljlgod -@_ sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ adf]lhd k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft kfOg] tyf k]z ug]{ :yfg v'nfpFbf sDkgLsf PseGbf a9L sfof{nox?df To:tf] sfuhft kfOg] tyf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 . -%_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwL k|:tfj k]z ug{ cfjZos k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhft dfu ug]{ ;a} JolQm, kmd{, sDkgL, ;+:yfnfO{ sDkgLn] kGw| xhf/ ?k}ofF b:t'/ lnO{ To:tf] sfuhft lbg' kg]{5 . ^!= k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj d"NofÍg M -!_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfj d"NofÍg ;ldlt ;DaGwL Joj:yf ljlgod && adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ qmdzM k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL sfuhftdf plNnlvt cfwf/ adf]lhd d"NofÍg ug'{kg]{ / lt of]Uotfsf k|To]s cfwf/ k"/f u/] gu/]sf] ljifodf cfjZos k/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf cfwf/x? s'g} e]befj lagf ;a} k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ ;dfg ?kn] nfu' x'g]5g . -#_ d"NofÍg ;ldltn] o; ljlgod adf]lhd u/]sf] k/LIf0fsf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f ;lxt b]xfosf s'/fx? ;d]t v'nfO{ k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L cfkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq sDkgLdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ cfj]bssf] gfd / 7]ufgf, -v_ cfj]bssf] of]Uotfsf] k|To]s cfwf/ k'li6 ug]{ sfuhft, -u_ tflnsf cfjZos eP To:tf] tflnsf, -3_ ;+o'Qm pkj|mdsf] ?kdf k|:tfj k]z ul/Psf] eP ;+o'Qm pkj|md ;DaGwL sfuhftsf] k"0f{tf / To:tf] pkj|mdsf] k|To]s ;fem]bf/sf] lx:;f / bfloTj, -ª_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'§f 5'§} ;d"x jf Kofs]h agfO{ vl/b ul/g] ePdf ;f] ;d"x / Kofs]hsf] k/LIf0f ug{ ckgfO{Psf] k|lqmof tyf To:tf] ;d"x / Kofs]hsf] vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lngsf] nflu 5gf}6 ePsf cfj]bs, / -r_ cfj]bs 5gf}6 x'g' jf gx'g'sf] sf/0f . ^@= of]Uo cfj]bssf] 5gf}6 M -!_ of]Uotfsf ;a} cfwf/ k"/f ug]{ cfj]bs of]Uotf k/LIf0fdf 5gf}6 ePsf] dflgg] / ;a} of]Uotfsf cfwf/ k"/f gug]{ cfj]bs 5gf}6 gePsf] dflgg]5 .
  • 59. 50 -@_ k"j{ of]Uotf ;DaGwL k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgaf6 5gf}6 ePsf cfj]bssf] ;"rL sDkgLn] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg u/L ;a} cfj]bsnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . -#_ pkljlgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbPsf] ;ft lbgleq k"j{ of]Uotfsf] k|:tfj c:jLs[t ePsf] s'g} cfj]bsn] lghsf] k|:tfj c:jLs[t ePsf] sf/0fsf] hfgsf/L dfu u/]df lghnfO{ ;DalGwt sfof{non] To:tf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 . -$_ 5gf}6 ePsf k"j{of]Uotfsf] cfj]bs ;DalGwt vl/b sf/jfxLsf] nflu af]nkq k]z ug{ of]Uo ePsf] dflgg]5 .
  • 60. 51 kl/R5]b–& af]nkq sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf ^#= af]nkqsf k|lj|mof / r/0f M -!_ af]nkqåf/f vl/b ubf{ b]xfosf] k|lj|mof ckgfO{ af]nkq cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg]5 M– -s_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{, -v_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f gu/L v'Nnf ?kdf af]nkq cfXjfg ug]{ . -@_ v'Nnf ?kdf cfXjfg ul/g] af]nkq Ps jf b'O{ r/0fdf cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -#_ ljlgod ^* sf] pkljlgod -!_ df plNnlvt cj:yfdf af]nkq cfXjfg ug'{ kbf{ b'O{ r/0fdf cfXjfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . ^$= af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ af]nkq cfXjfg ug'{eGbf cl3 sfdsf] kl/df0f, u'0f:t/, e'QmfgLsf] tl/sf tyf cGo zt{x? ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft -:k]lzlkms]zg_ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . -@_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ubf{ oyf;Dej ldtJolotf tyf sfo{qmd cg';f/ sfd ;DkGg x'g] u/L sfo{ tflnsf ;d]t agfpg' kg]{5 . -#_ sDkgLsf] lgb]{zgfno, ljefu jf ;f] cGtu{t sfof{non] pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft tof/ ubf{ sDkgLsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 :jLs[t :k]l;lkms]zgsf] ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L tof/ ug{' kg{]5 . -$_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft pk/ hfFr tyf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L To:tf] sfhuhft :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft -:k]l;lkms]zg_ hfFr tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt /xg]5 M– -s_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 x'g] vl/bsf] xsdf M k|aGw lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf] gfoa k|aGw lgb]{zs –;+of]hs cy{ ljefu, of]hgf ljefu, ljsf; ljefu / dd{t ;Def/ tyf ;~rfng ljefusf gfoa k|aGw lgb]{zsx? –;b:o ;DalGwt cfof]hgfsf] k|d'v –;b:o k|aGw lgb]{zsn] tf]s]sf ljz]if1x? –;b:o s]Gb|Lo vl/b OsfO{sf] k|d'v –;b:o ;lrj
  • 61. 52 -v_ lgb]{zgfno, ljefu jf ;f] cGtu{t x'g] vl/bsf] xsdf M lgb]{zs jf ljefuLo k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] jl/i7 k|fljlws clws[t –;+of]hs n]vf k|d'v –;b:o vl/b;+u ;DalGwt zfvf k|d'v –;b:o lgb]{zs jf ljefuLo k|d'vn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if1 –;b:o vl/b OsfO{sf] k|d'v –;b:o ;lrj -%_ pkljlgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft pk/ pkljlgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] hfFr tyf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L :jLs[lt tyf vl/b sf/jfxL cuf8L a9fpgsf] nflu u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df sfof{no k|d'vn] To:tf] af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhft :jLs[t ug{' kg]{5 . -^_ af]nkq ;DaGwL sfuhftdf b]xfosf s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ vl/bsf] k|s[lt, vl/b ug{ nfUg] ;dofjlw tyf ;f]sf] k|fljlws :k]lzlkms]zg, -v_ k"j{ of]Uotf lgwf{/0f gu/L af]nkq cfXjfg ePsf] eP ljlgod *, (, !), !!, !@ / !# adf]lhdsf] af]nkqbftfsf] of]Uotf tyf of]Uotfsf cfwf/x?, -u_ :ynut lg/LIf0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf eP ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L, -3_ af]nkq k]z ug'{ cl3 s'g} a}7s ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L, -ª_ af]nkqbftfnfO{ af]nkq tof/ ug]{ / k]z ug]{ ;DaGwdf kfngf ug{' kg{] ljifodf lgb]{zg, af]nkq k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt, ;do / :yfg tyf af]nkq vf]Ng] ldlt, ;do / :yfg, -r_ d"Nosf] ;+/rgf (Component of Price), af]n cÍsf] nflu pNn]v ug{ ;lsg] d'b|f jf d'b|fx?, af]nkq t'ngf ug{ k|of]u ul/g] d'b|f, ;Da4 ljlgdo b/sf] cfwf/ / ;f]sf] ldlt, -5_ af]nkq d"NofÍg / af]nkqbftfsf] 5gf}6 ug]{ cfwf/ / tl/sf, -h_ :jb]zL dfn;fdfg / :yfgLo lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] eP ;f] ;DaGwL Joj:yf, -em_ dfn;fdfg jf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] 5'§f5'§} ;d"x / Kofs]h agfO{ vl/b ug'{kg]{ ePdf To:tf] ;d"x / Kofs]h, / ;f]sf] d"NofÍg ug]{ tl/sf, -`_ k|fljlws :k]lzlkms]zgsf] ljsNksf] k|:tfj ;d]t dfu ul/Psf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ljsNk d"NofÍg ug]{ tl/sf, -6_ vl/b ul/g] dfn;fdfg, lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] s'g} c+zsf] nflu dfq klg af]nkq k]z ug{ kfO{g] eP To:tf] c+zx?sf] ljj/0f, -7_ af]nkq dfGo x'g] cjlw, -8_ af]nkq, sfo{;Dkfbg jf cGo cfjZos s'/fsf] nflu lbg'kg]{ hdfgtsf] /sd, lsl;d, dfGo 9fFrf / dfGo cjlw (Validity Period),