2. Consequences
Consequences are stimuli that are presented
or removed contingent on the occurrence of
behavior
Reinforcers
Aversive Stimuli
The delivery of these consequences determine
the type of contingency controlling the
behavior
2
3. Consequence-Based Interventions
Consequence-based interventions decrease
the likelihood that an inappropriate behavior
will occur again
Consequence-based interventions decrease or
eliminate inappropriate behavior by altering
the controlling contingency
3
4. Selecting an Intervention
Consequence-based
behavior interventions
are determined based
on the results of a
functional
behavioral
assessment
Results tell us the
function of the
behavior, which
allows us to then
determine the
appropriate
intervention
4
5. Intervention Types
5
We try not to use aversive consequences
(penalty, punishment) because of classroom
policy, so we are just going to highlight the
ones that we do use
Please note: This is not an all-inclusive list of
interventions!!
6. Positive Behavior Interventions
6
Positive behavior interventions use
reinforcement strategies to increase positive
behavior
Some positive behavior interventions include
Differential Reinforcement
NCR + Extinction
7. Differential Reinforcement
7
Differential reinforcement involves providing a
reinforcer for one response while withholding that
reinforcer for another response
The reinforcer provided is the one that is maintaining the
response
Types of differential reinforcement include
Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior (DRO)
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior (DRA)
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behavior
(DRI)
8. Differential Reinforcement of Other
Behavior8
DRO involves providing a reinforcer for ANY
behavior OTHER than the inappropriate
behavior
May be after a certain interval of time
Problem?
May reinforce other behaviors inadvertently
Does not provide any alternative to the inappropriate
behavior
9. Differential Reinforcement of
Alternative Behavior9
DRA involves providing a reinforcer for a
desirable, alternative behavior, and
withholding reinforcement for the inappropriate
behavior
Focuses on teaching behaviors that are more
adaptive than, but serve the same function as, the
problem behavior
Examples of a DRA
Using a PECS exchange, rather than tantrumming to
gain access to a reinforcer
10. Differential Reinforcement of
Incompatible Behavior10
DRI involves reinforcing behavior that makes it
physically impossible to engage in the
inappropriate behavior
For example, if a child puts their hands in their
pockets, they cannot slap their peers
11. NCR + Extinction
11
Non-contingent reinforcement involves
presenting a reinforcer on a fixed- or variable-
time interval, independent of behavior
This is an antecedent intervention
Along with NCR, we also use extinction for the
inappropriate behavior
Extinction involves removing the reinforcement or
escape contingency for a previously reinforced
response
Also referred to as planned ignoring
12. Interventions
12
We often use antecedent and consequence-
based interventions together to decrease the
probability that inappropriate behaviors will
occur
13. What does this mean for your
child?13
Some of your children may have one of the
positive behavior interventions currently in
place
If you feel one would be appropriate for your
child, talk to their support coordinator