Education in Contemporary India

1. EDUCATION IN INDIA
Dr.M.Deivam
Assistant Professor
Department of Education
The Gandhigram Rural Institute – Deemed to be University
Gandhigram, Dindigul District
Tamil Nadu

2. INTRODUCTION
Education is the process of learning,
or getting of knowledge, skills, values and
habits of essential needs of life.
Education system is differ from one
and another country, not all the countries are
following a common education system.

3. HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN INDIA
• Earlier education system is commenced under the
supervision of gurus
• There is no special class rooms or laboratories are there in
older days the house of gurus are place to learn and it is
called as VEDHA NILAYAM
• In older days the teachers has to choose the student, to
whom they want to teach the skills.
• There is no fee or any prizes given to the gurus instead of
that a life long benefits will be provided by the student to his
guru

6. TYPE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM FOLLOWED IN INDIA
• The National policy of education system was framed in the
year 1986 and it was amended in the year 1992.
• The scheme name RASHTRIYA MADYAMIKA ABHIYAN was
established in the year 2009 and the main aim of this scheme
is everyone can able to easy access to secondary education
and to improve the quality of higher education system
• The New Education Policy(NEP) is formed in the year 2016 to
bring revolutionary changes in Indian education system.

7. ADVANTAGES OF INDIAN EDUCATION
• By comparing with other countries only in India every
student have a basic knowledge about all the subjects.
• Only schools in India follow the regular attendance method,
so that students will gain basic knowledge about their daily
habitation and life needs.
• Students go through many exams in their learning years, It
teaches them to analyze their own strength and weakness
consistently.

8. DRAWBACKS OF INDIAN EDUCATION
• In India up to 85% of students where used to memorize the
content in the books and used to write the same words in
the exams.
• Only 18% of students where used to understand the concept
of the subject and can able to answer in their own words.
• The syllabus is mostly in the form of theoretical basis, there
is only few subjects contains practical contents.

9. Cont..
• In only in India The quality of education is depending upon
the money and politics, these two things rules the education
nowadays and makes the education as a corporate business
in India.
• Still in the 21st century in the modern world in India, Not
everyone has sufficient need to access the schools and
higher studies.
• There are still many single teacher schools in many villages.

10. INDIAN VS FOREIGN IN EDUCATION SYSTEM
• We used to compare our India with other countries in other
facilities and laws, then why? We are not comparing our
education system with other foreign countries.
• Comparing to foreign countries in India we had Dhiru Bahi
Ambani who proved that a common man can became a
billionaire, Dr.A. P.J. Abdul Kalam who dared to build
missiles for India .
• Such people though in small numbers because of these
people lining up in top ranks in education.

11. Cont…
• But what is my question is, whether they are the products of
our Indian education system?
• No, they are self driven and inspired by themselves, and
reached the high-end in their life.
• Foreign education system leads the students to get
international recognized qualification, so that students can
look forward to good career prospects when they complete
their education.

12. INDIA TO DO TO IMPROVE EDUCATION SYSTEM
• There is many changes should be made to improve the
quality of our Indian education system.
• Indian government needs to invest large amount in order to
develop the infrastructure of schools and colleges.
• Methods of teaching needs more change, Teachers should
encourage the students to think logically & to increase
creativity in students.

13. Cont…
• The biographies of successful persons should be a part of the
syllabus, so that students can mould their personalities.
• In India, the physical education has no primary importance
with comparing to other subjects, there is no proper syllabus
and no regular periods are allocated for physical education.
• Only in India the national game hockey has no more
importance that other country nation game cricket.

14. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT OF
INDIAN EDUCATION: -
 The development of Indian Education can be
divided under the following era,
 1) Vedic era (3000B.C. to 500 B.C.)
 2) Buddhist era (500 B.C. to 1200 A.D.)
 3) Muslim era (1200 A.D. to 1700 A.D.)
 4) British era (The pre-independence era, 1800 A.D.
to 1947)
 5) Post-independence era (1947 to till date)

15. Vedic Period
 The education was completely under the individual control
of the ‘Gurus’ and not on the state control. The gurus
themselves arranged for lodging and boarding of the
students.
 The aims of education were inculcating religion,
achievement of absolute (Brahma) which he himself is, and it
was recognized that the entire visible world
 The students were taught language, grammar, numerology,
agriculture, arts(music and dance), skills (weaving, dying,
woodwork, metal work, craft), economics, politics, geology,
physiology, snake science, logic, astrology, medical science,
military science, exercise, exercise, gurukal organization.

16. Buddhist era
 Buddhism was born in India and was started by Gautam
Buddha.No doubt, many principles of ‘Hinduism’ are
included in ‘Buddhism’.
 The aims of education was physical development for
good health, development of knowledge, education of
social behaviour.
 Students were trained in the eight fold path namely-
Right view, Right resolve, Right occupation, Right
speech, Right behaviour, Right effort, Right
contemplation, and Right meditation to achieve
salvation.

17. Islamic era
 During medieval period Muslim rulers started a new
system of education which is popularly known as
Maktab-Madarsha system
 The main aim of Muslim education was development of
knowledge, spread of Islamic culture & Islamic religion,
development of character and morality, loyalty to the
Government, education of arts, skills and vocations.
 Arabic and Persian languages and their Literature,
Mathematics, Geometry, History, Geography,
Economics, Political Science, Astrology, Islamic law,
Unani Medicine and various arts, skills and vocations,
Quran, Islamic history, Islamic literature, Sufi literature
and Islamic law were included in the syllabus.

18. BRITISH SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
 After the downfall of the Muslim rule, Bristishers came
to India and established the East Indian company.
 Britishers ruled over India for about 150 years. During
this period western science and literature made good
progress through English medium.
 the British period was a breakthrough in the
development of education in India.

19. DIFFICULTIES OF INDIAN EDUCATION DURING
PREINDEPENDENCE ERA:
 Government was not responsible for running
educational affairs in India.
 - They feared that people might ultimately rise
against the British rule and would demand
independence after receiving higher education.
 - Company wanted to educate only a few
number of people required to run the affairs of
the Government.

20. Cont.,
 They thought that Indians are not keen to receive
education.
 - British Govt.’s main aim was to make money.
 - Controversy continued on regarding medium of
education.
 - Oppositions of Brahmins against women education as
well as British system of education as they involved in
controversy with various renowned person like Raja
Rammohan Roy, Vidyasagar, H.L.V. Derozio and others.
 - Swadeshi movement also influenced Indians to avoid
British system of education.

21. Development of Educational
Institutions – Pre Independence
 British Education – Schools were established during
the 1820s.
 In 1835 gave rise to the use of English as the Language
of Instruction.

22. Universities
 In 1901 there were 5 universities and 145 colleges with
18000 students (almost all male)
 In 1922, 14 universities, 167 colleges with 46,000
students.
 In 1947, 21 universities, 496 colleges were in operation.
 The British established the Govt. colleges, university in
Lahore of present day pakistan in 1864.
 Mohammedan Anglo- Oriental college founded in
1875, now it became Aligarh Muslim University.

23. Engineering's
 First Thomason college (Now IIT Roorkee) founded in
1847.
 Second Bengal Engineering college
 To provide civil engineering for the Indian Public
works Department.

24. Science
 British rule during 19th century focused Arts and
Humanities
 Did not take any adequate measures to develop science
and technology.
 University of Bombay offered degree in science
 University of Calcutta offered B.Sc and M.Sc in Science

25. CONCLUSION
• Now a days lot’s of positive changes are happening in
the education system of India.
• There is a definite need of revolutionary changes in
the Indian education system.
• With the effective learning system, India can
successfully utilize its vast human resources, and by
that the dream of our youngsters hero “Dr. A. P.j. Abdul
Kalam” dream of India 2020 will get success.

26. THANK YOU