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Data Collection Module
- 2. of this Learning Module for Trainee 1. Learn what a Functional Analysis of problem behavior is 2. Learn when you should/could use the Standard FA 3. Learn how to conduct the following assessment conditions a) Attention b) Escape c) Ignore/Alone d) Play (Control) 4. Learn how to collect data 5. Learn how to graph your results 6. Learn how to analyze and interpret your findings 7. Learn to problem solve following undifferentiated results
- 3. of this Learning Module for Trainee 1. Learn what a Functional Analysis of problem behavior is 2. Learn when you should/could use the Standard FA 3. Learn how to conduct the following assessment conditions a) Attention b) Escape c) Ignore/Alone d) Play (Control) 4. Learn how to collect data 5. Learn how to graph your results 6. Learn how to analyze and interpret your findings 7. Learn to problem solve following undifferentiated results
- 7. Data Collection Methods • You can use two primary methods to collect data on behavior within a Standard Functional Analysis: 1. Frequency or Rate 2. Partial-interval Recording
- 9. Frequency or Rate • Frequency is the number of responses emitted during an observation period • E.g., 10 instances of self-injury were observed within a 10 minute period. • Rate is the ratio of the number of responses per a unit of time such as per minute, per hour, per day, etc. • E.g., the frequency reported above translates to a rate of 1 per minute • 10 instances ÷ 10 minutes = 1 instance per minute • This measure per minute can then be scaled to other units of time by multiplying by the number of minutes • E.g., 60 minutes (1 hour) x 1 (instance per hour) = 60 instances per hour • Take complexity of response into account before using frequency or rate • Not appropriate for continuous behaviors that occur over extended periods of time
- 10. Frequency or Rate • Frequency is the number of responses emitted during an observation period • E.g., 10 instances of self-injury were observed within a 10 minute period. • Rate is the ratio of the number of responses per a unit of time such as per minute, per hour, per day, etc. • E.g., the frequency reported above translates to a rate of 1 per minute • 10 instances ÷ 10 minutes = 1 instance per minute • This measure per minute can then be scaled to other units of time by multiplying by the number of minutes • E.g., 60 minutes (1 hour) x 1 (instance per hour) = 60 instances per hour • Take complexity of response into account before using frequency or rate • Not appropriate for continuous behaviors that occur over extended periods of time
- 11. Frequency or Rate • Frequency is the number of responses emitted during an observation period • E.g., 10 instances of self-injury were observed within a 10 minute period. • Rate is the ratio of the number of responses per a unit of time such as per minute, per hour, per day, etc. • E.g., the frequency reported above translates to a rate of 1 per minute • 10 instances ÷ 10 minutes = 1 instance per minute • This measure per minute can then be scaled to other units of time by multiplying by the number of minutes • E.g., 60 minutes (1 hour) x 1 (instance per hour) = 60 instances per hour • Take complexity of response into account before using frequency or rate • Not appropriate for continuous behaviors that occur over extended periods of time
- 12. Frequency or Rate • Frequency is the number of responses emitted during an observation period • E.g., 10 instances of self-injury were observed within a 10 minute period. • Rate is the ratio of the number of responses per a unit of time such as per minute, per hour, per day, etc. • E.g., the frequency reported above translates to a rate of 1 per minute • 10 instances ÷ 10 minutes = 1 instance per minute • This measure per minute can then be scaled to other units of time by multiplying by the number of minutes • E.g., 60 minutes (1 hour) x 1 (instance per hour) = 60 instances per hour • Take complexity of response into account before using frequency or rate • Not appropriate for continuous behaviors that occur over extended periods of time
- 17. Frequency or Rate Recording Tools •Technology for recording frequency or rate • Mechanical Tally Clickers • Tally Marks • Counter Apps for Smart Phones
- 24. Reporting Frequency or Rate Data • Frequency: report as a number of occurrences within a specified observation period • Y-axis label on the graph would be Frequency within a “x-min” observation period • Replace the x with the number of minutes your Functional Analysis conditions lasted
- 25. Reporting Frequency or Rate Data • Frequency: report as a number of occurrences within a specified observation period • Y-axis label on the graph would be Frequency within a “x-min” observation period • Replace the x with the number of minutes your Functional Analysis conditions lasted • Rate: report as a number of occurrences per minute • Y-axis on the graph would be Rate per minute
- 26. Reporting Frequency or Rate Data Session 4 attention condition: • Frequency of 4 instances of self-injury within a 10-min observation period • Rate of .4 occurrences of self-injury per minute (4 instances ÷ 10-min = .4 instances per minute) 0 // (2) / (1) 0 0 /// (3) / (1) 0 0 //// (4) 0 0 0 //// (4) 0 0
- 28. Partial-interval Recording • Partial-interval recording is a form of discontinuous measurement • Behavior is recorded as having occurred if it emerged at anytime, for any number of times, during a time-interval in a series of intervals • Multiple occurrences of a behavior within an interval are scored as a single occurrence • I.e., if the target behavior occurs once, twice, three times, etc. within a 20 second interval, it is recorded as an occurrence and if it does not occur, it is recorded as a nonoccurrence • The total number of times it occurred is irrelevant • Observe behavior throughout the time-interval and record whether or not it occurred at the end of the interval • May be used as a measurement method for continuous behaviors that are not appropriate for frequency or rate recording
- 29. Partial-interval Recording • Partial-interval recording is a form of discontinuous measurement • Behavior is recorded as having occurred if it emerged at anytime, for any number of times, during a time-interval in a series of intervals • Multiple occurrences of a behavior within an interval are scored as a single occurrence • I.e., if the target behavior occurs once, twice, three times, etc. within a 20 second interval, it is recorded as an occurrence and if it does not occur, it is recorded as a nonoccurrence • The total number of times it occurred is irrelevant • Observe behavior throughout the time-interval and record whether or not it occurred at the end of the interval • May be used as a measurement method for continuous behaviors that are not appropriate for frequency or rate recording
- 30. Partial-interval Recording • Partial-interval recording is a form of discontinuous measurement • Behavior is recorded as having occurred if it emerged at anytime, for any number of times, during a time-interval in a series of intervals • Multiple occurrences of a behavior within an interval are scored as a single occurrence • I.e., if the target behavior occurs once, twice, three times, etc. within a 20 second interval, it is recorded as an occurrence and if it does not occur, it is recorded as a nonoccurrence • The total number of times it occurred is irrelevant • Observe behavior throughout the time-interval and record whether or not it occurred at the end of the interval • May be used as a measurement method for continuous behaviors that are not appropriate for frequency or rate recording
- 31. Partial-interval Recording • Partial-interval recording is a form of discontinuous measurement • Behavior is recorded as having occurred if it emerged at anytime, for any number of times, during a time-interval in a series of intervals • Multiple occurrences of a behavior within an interval are scored as a single occurrence • I.e., if the target behavior occurs once, twice, three times, etc. within a 20 second interval, it is recorded as an occurrence and if it does not occur, it is recorded as a nonoccurrence • The total number of times it occurred is irrelevant • Observe behavior throughout the time-interval and record whether or not it occurred at the end of the interval • May be used as a measurement method for continuous behaviors that are not appropriate for frequency or rate recording
- 32. Partial-interval Recording • Partial-interval recording is a form of discontinuous measurement • Behavior is recorded as having occurred if it emerged at anytime, for any number of times, during a time-interval in a series of intervals • Multiple occurrences of a behavior within an interval are scored as a single occurrence • I.e., if the target behavior occurs once, twice, three times, etc. within a 20 second interval, it is recorded as an occurrence and if it does not occur, it is recorded as a nonoccurrence • The total number of times it occurred is irrelevant • Observe behavior throughout the time-interval and record whether or not it occurred at the end of the interval • May be used as a measurement method for continuous behaviors that are not appropriate for frequency or rate recording
- 33. Partial-interval Recording • Partial-interval recording is a form of discontinuous measurement • Behavior is recorded as having occurred if it emerged at anytime, for any number of times, during a time-interval in a series of intervals • Multiple occurrences of a behavior within an interval are scored as a single occurrence • I.e., if the target behavior occurs once, twice, three times, etc. within a 20 second interval, it is recorded as an occurrence and if it does not occur, it is recorded as a nonoccurrence • The total number of times it occurred is irrelevant • Observe behavior throughout the time-interval and record whether or not it occurred at the end of the interval • May be used as a measurement method for continuous behaviors that are not appropriate for frequency or rate recording
- 34. Partial-interval Recording • Partial-interval recording is a form of discontinuous measurement • Behavior is recorded as having occurred if it emerged at anytime, for any number of times, during a time-interval in a series of intervals • Multiple occurrences of a behavior within an interval are scored as a single occurrence • I.e., if the target behavior occurs once, twice, three times, etc. within a 20 second interval, it is recorded as an occurrence and if it does not occur, it is recorded as a nonoccurrence • The total number of times it occurred is irrelevant • Observe behavior throughout the time-interval and record whether or not it occurred at the end of the interval • May be used as a measurement method for continuous behaviors that are not appropriate for frequency or rate recording
- 38. Partial-interval Recording Tools •Technology for Interval Recording • MotivAider • Interval timer applications available for iOs and Android operating systems on smart phones Interval Timer
- 39. Partial-interval Recording Tools •Technology for Interval Recording • MotivAider • Interval timer applications available for iOs and Android operating systems on smart phones • Available for free on app stores Interval Timer
- 47. Reporting Partial-interval Recording Data • Report as a percentage (%) of intervals when behavior occurred • Y-axis label on the graph would be Percentage of intervals with occurrence • To get the percentage: # intervals with occurrence total # of intervals with occurrence and nonoccurrence ×100
- 48. Reporting Partial-interval Recording Data Session 1 attention condition: • Self-injury occurred in 10 intervals • There are 30 total intervals with occurrence and nonoccurrence of self injury 10 30 ×100 = 33% occurrences of self-injury
- 49. Practice • Watch the video titled “Data Collection Practice and attempt to collect data using partial-interval recording on the provided data sheet. • After you upload your data, you will unlock a video model of data being recorded on the same condition. • Use this to compare the data you collected. • After you review, you may take the knowledge test which consists of collecting data using partial interval recording • You will use the same data sheet you were provided • Videos will last approximately 20 minutes and consist of 4 5-minute Functional Analysis conditions