This document outlines the key steps in designing a statistical study: (1) identify the objective or question, (2) choose and collect a sample of data from the population, (3) organize and analyze the sample data to calculate statistics, and (4) make inferences about the population based on the sample statistics. It emphasizes the importance of random sampling to obtain an unbiased sample that allows for accurate conclusions. The document also differentiates between survey, experiment, and observational study designs and provides examples of each.