Macaraig, Irish Claudete A.

1. Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
Health EducationHealth Education

2. 5 Functions of the Skeletal5 Functions of the Skeletal
SystemSystem
1. Movement:1. Movement: SkeletalSkeletal
system provides points ofsystem provides points of
attachment for muscles.attachment for muscles.
Your legs and arms moveYour legs and arms move
when the muscles pull onwhen the muscles pull on
the bones.the bones.
2. Support:2. Support: The backboneThe backbone
is the main supportis the main support
center for the uppercenter for the upper
body.body. It holds your headIt holds your head
up and protects yourup and protects your
spinal cord.spinal cord.
Muscle attached to bones!!Muscle attached to bones!!

3. 3.3. Protection:Protection: The bones ofThe bones of
your skull protect youryour skull protect your
brain. Your ribs protectbrain. Your ribs protect
your lungs and heartyour lungs and heart
from injury.from injury.
4.4. Makes Blood:Makes Blood: Red andRed and
white blood cells arewhite blood cells are
formed by tissue calledformed by tissue called
marrow,marrow, which is in thewhich is in the
center of the bone.center of the bone.

4. ► 5. Storage:5. Storage: BonesBones
store mineralsstore minerals, such, such
as calcium andas calcium and
phosphorus, for usephosphorus, for use
by the bodyby the body

5. Two Major Skeletal System PartsTwo Major Skeletal System Parts
► Axial Skeleton:Axial Skeleton: The axialThe axial
skeleton includes theskeleton includes the
skull, spine, ribs andskull, spine, ribs and
sternum.sternum.
► Appendicular Skeleton:Appendicular Skeleton:
The appendicularThe appendicular
skeleton includesskeleton includes thethe
appendages of the body,appendages of the body,
which are the shoulders,which are the shoulders,
arms, hips, and legs.arms, hips, and legs.

6. Skeletal System BonesSkeletal System Bones
►Four basic bone shapesFour basic bone shapes
 1. Long- arms, legs and fingers1. Long- arms, legs and fingers
 2. Short- wrist and ankles2. Short- wrist and ankles
 3. Flat- skull and sternum3. Flat- skull and sternum
 4. Irregular- spine4. Irregular- spine

7. Bone StructureBone Structure
► Typical Four Layers:Typical Four Layers:
 Periosteum:Periosteum: CoversCovers
BonesBones
 Compact Bone:Compact Bone: LiesLies
beneath thebeneath the
periosteumperiosteum
 Spongy Bone:Spongy Bone: LiesLies
beneath the compactbeneath the compact
bonebone
 Bone Marrow:Bone Marrow: Fills theFills the
gaps between thegaps between the
spongy bonespongy bone

8. Bones of the CraniumBones of the Cranium
► Some are thickerSome are thicker
than others!!!than others!!!

9. Cranium BonesCranium Bones
Frontal Bone
Occipital Bone
Temporal
Bone
Parietal Bone Parietal Bone

10. Maxilla and MandibleMaxilla and Mandible
Maxilla
Mandible
?

11. Clavicle or CollarboneClavicle or Collarbone
► TheThe clavicleclavicle, or collar, or collar
bone,bone, holds theholds the
shoulder joint awayshoulder joint away
from the rest of thefrom the rest of the
upper bodyupper body and is onlyand is only
as thick as your littleas thick as your little
finger.finger.

12. ScapulaScapula
► TheThe scapulascapula isis
located on the backlocated on the back
side of the ribcage andside of the ribcage and
helps provide part ofhelps provide part of
the shoulder joint andthe shoulder joint and
movement for themovement for the
arms.arms.

13. Vertebral Column or Spinal CordVertebral Column or Spinal Cord
1) The1) The cervical regioncervical region (neck(neck
bones) bones)
2) The2) The thorasic regionthorasic region (what the(what the
ribs attach to)ribs attach to)
3) The3) The lumbar regionlumbar region (the lower(the lower
part of the back)part of the back)

14. Coccyx and SacrumCoccyx and Sacrum

15. Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)

16. Radius and UlnaRadius and Ulna
►Radius on TopRadius on Top
►Ulna on BottomUlna on Bottom

17. Carpals or (Wrist Bones)Carpals or (Wrist Bones)

18. Metacarpals (Top of Hands)Metacarpals (Top of Hands)

19. Phalanges (Little Fingers)Phalanges (Little Fingers)

20. Rib CageRib Cage

21. Sternum (Breastbone)Sternum (Breastbone)

22. Pelvis (Dancing Bone)Pelvis (Dancing Bone)

23. FemurFemur
(Largest Bone in the Body)(Largest Bone in the Body)

24. The Tibia and FibulaThe Tibia and Fibula

25. TarsalsTarsals

26. MetatarsalsMetatarsals

27. PhalangesPhalanges

28. CalcaneousCalcaneous

29. Joints of the BodyJoints of the Body
► Ball and SocketBall and Socket
Joint:Joint: Round end ofRound end of
bone fitting snugglybone fitting snuggly
within another bonewithin another bone..
 Ex. Shoulder and HipEx. Shoulder and Hip

30. ► Hinge Joint:Hinge Joint:
Movement at joint inMovement at joint in
one directionone direction like alike a
door.door.
 Ex. Knee and ElbowEx. Knee and Elbow

31. ► Pivot Joint:Pivot Joint: BoneBone
resting atop anotherresting atop another
bone permitting freebone permitting free
movement.movement.
 Ex. Neck, Wrist andEx. Neck, Wrist and
AnklesAnkles

32. ► Fixed Immovable:Fixed Immovable:
Joint does not moveJoint does not move
 Ex. SkullEx. Skull
► Gliding Joint:Gliding Joint: BonesBones
slipping over otherslipping over other
bones with a freebones with a free
flowing movement.flowing movement.
 Ex. KnucklesEx. Knuckles

33. The Connectors of the BodyThe Connectors of the Body
► Ligaments:Ligaments: ConnectConnect
bone to bonebone to bone

34. ►Tendon:Tendon: Attaches muscles to bonesAttaches muscles to bones

35. ►Cartilage: It acts as aCartilage: It acts as a cushion betweencushion between
bones at a jointbones at a joint and protects the bones.and protects the bones.

36. Problems of the Skeletal SystemProblems of the Skeletal System
► Fracture:Fracture: BreakBreak ► Dislocation:Dislocation: Out ofOut of
jointjoint

37. ► Sprain:Sprain: Swelling inSwelling in
the jointthe joint
► Arthritis:Arthritis: InflamedInflamed
and stiff jointsand stiff joints

38. ► Scoliosis:Scoliosis: CurvatureCurvature
of the spineof the spine
► Osteoporosis:Osteoporosis: BrittleBrittle
bonesbones