Simple Anatomy of Skeletal sSystem part 3

1. Skeletal System Anatomy
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‫العالي‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المهن‬ ‫معهد‬
‫م‬‫المادة‬ ‫درس‬
‫م‬.‫إختصاص‬ ‫جامعي‬
‫الوهاب‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫نزار‬ ‫صـالح‬
‫تمـريض‬ ‫علــوم‬ ‫ماجـستير‬
Salah Nazar Abdulwahhab M.Sc. Nursing
www.slideshare.net
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2. Thoracic cage
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Consists of the following parts
 ribs
 thoracic vertebrae
 sternum
 costal cartilages
The ribcage consists of 24 curved ribs arranged in 12 pairs Each pair is attached to a
thoracic vertebra posteriorly.
Consists of (3) types:
1. True ribs (1st – 7th) = directly attachment to the sternum
2. False ribs (8th – 10th) = attaches to the last costal cartilage pair of 7th true rib
3. Floating ribs (11th & 12th) = no attachment to the sternum

3. Thoracic cage
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4. Sternum
The sternum (breastbone) located in the anterior
midline of the body is a flat bone approximately
15 cm long consisting of three regions.
The Manubrium: (the superior portion) articulates
with the clavicles laterally and with the first two
pairs of ribs.
The Body: (which forms the bulk of the sternum)
bears notches that articulate with
the costal cartilages of the third to seventh pairs of
ribs.
Xiphoid Process: at the inferior end of the
sternum, is a small process of hyaline cartilage in
youth and ossified in adults.
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5. Appendicular Skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is composed of 126 bones
• Shoulder girdle = Pectoral Girdle (clavicles and scapulae)
• upper extremities (arms)
• pelvic girdle (sacrum, coccyx)
• lower extremities (legs)
shoulder girdle: contains four (4) bones, anchor and support the upper extremities and
attachment important great numbers of muscles that help to move the arm.
The bones of the shoulder girdle are :
Clavicles (2)
Scapula (2)
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6. Clavicle
• Extend horizontally across the superior thorax
• Sternal end articulates with the manubrium
• Acromial end articulates with scapula
• Provide attachment for muscles
• Hold the scapulae and arms laterally
• Transmit compression forces from the upper limbs to the
axial skeleton
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7. Scapulae
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• Lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage
• Located between ribs 2-7
• Have three borders
- Superior
- Medial (vertebral)
- Lateral (axillary)
Have three angles
- Lateral
- Superior
- Inferior

8. Structures of the Scapula
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9. The Upper Limbs
The Upper Limbs
 2 Humerus
 2 Radius
 2 Ulna
 16 Carpal bones
 10 Metacarpal bones
 28 Phalanges
The Humerus: is a long bone in the arm or
forelimb that extends from the shoulder to the
elbow, It connects the scapula to form (shoulder
joint) and the two bones of the lower arm, the
radius and ulna to form (elbow joint).
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10. Forearm
Distal to the humerus are two bones. The
radius runs laterally down the lower arm
and the ulna runs medially next to it. The
radius has a flat head on it that articulate on
the surface of the humerus to allow the hand
to be turned over. The ulna hooks onto the
end of the humerus and allows the lower arm
to move up and down
(flexion and extension).
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11. The Carpal Bones
contains 8 carpal bones.
There are 4 proximal carpal bones and 4 distal carpal bones.
1- The Scaphoid laterally borders the wrist close to the styliod process and radius.
2- The Lunate lies medially to the scaphoid and articulates with the radius.
3- The Triquetrum articulates with the articular disc separating the ulnar head from the
wrist.
4- The Pisiform is anterior the Triquetrum.
5- The Trapezium is lateral of the distal row and it articulates with the scaphoid.
6- The Trapezoid lies medial to the Trapezium. It has a proximal articulation with the
Scaphoid.
7- The Capitate is the largest carpal bone sitting between the Trapezoid and the
Hamate.
8- The Hamate is the medial distal carpal bone.
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12. The Carpal Bones
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13. The Metacarpals and Phalanges
The Metacarpal bones have 5 bones that articulate with the distal carpal
bones and give the hand support.
Each hand has 14 phalanges (finger bones).
The Pollex – is our thumb and first finger. It has two phalanges
(proximal and distal).
other fingers have 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)
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14. Hand Bones
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15. Thank You
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