An introduction to the transportation sector and the aviation industry and its role in the tourism industry and a focus on the possible future trends. Created to augment the lecture on the same subject for the students of the College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management (CITHM) of the Lyceum of the Philippines - Cavite Campus for the subject Principles of Tourism II.

1. THE TRANSPORTATION and
AVIATION INDUSTRY
(updated December 2014)

2. UNIT OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the major modes of transportation for
tourism.
2. Identify the influences of government
regulations or political positions on
transportation for tourism.
3. Analyze the issues and trends that will have
impacts upon transportation for tourism.

3. TOPICS:
1. Conceptual Framework
2. Land-based Transport
3. Water-based Transport
4. Air Transport
5. Government regulations or political
influences on transport for tourism
6. Future Trends

4. TRANSPORTATION: DEFINITION
Transportation is a pre-condition for travel. It is
a fundamental component of the tourism
industry.
Transport if frequently neglected in the analysis
of tourism, often being relegated to a passive
element of the tourist experience.

5. TRANSPORTATION AND TOURISM
Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 1767 - 1777, 2005
EDEN SORUPIA, PhD Candidate from the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning
The University of Melbourne
Transportation links the various
destinations and ferries people, goods,
and services.
Tourism is all about travel; and the role of
transportation in its operation is vital.

6. TRANSPORTATION AND TOURISM
Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 1767 - 1777, 2005
EDEN SORUPIA, PhD Candidate from the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning
The University of Melbourne
Transportation is an integral part of the
tourism industry.
It is largely due to the improvement of
transportation that tourism has
expanded.

7. TRANSPORTATION AND TOURISM
Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 1767 - 1777, 2005
EDEN SORUPIA, PhD Candidate from the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning
The University of Melbourne
The advent of flight has shrunk the world, and
the motor vehicle has made travel to
anywhere possible. This reality coupled with
changing work patterns and innovative
marketing has driven international mass
tourism through the years.

8. 11/14/12
TRANSPORTATION AND TOURISM
Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol. 5, pp. 1767 - 1777, 2005
EDEN SORUPIA, PhD Candidate from the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning
The University of Melbourne

9. 11/14/12
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Transport for
Tourism
Transport as
Tourism

10. LAND BASED TRANSPORT
http://www.slideshare.net/altheamurielpineda/land
based-transport-governance-in-the-philippines-
focus-on-metro-manila

11. LAND BASED TRANSPORT
The Car

14. Rail Travel

18. Cycling

19. On Foot

20. Other References:
1. Land based Transport
http://www.slideshare.net/altheamurielpineda/landbased-
transport-governance-in-the-philippines-focus-on-metro-
manila
2. Railways
http://www.mb.com.ph/government-readies-plan-for-6-b-
north-south-commuter-rail-project/Rail system
http://www.mb.com.ph/government-readies-plan-for-6-b-
north-south-commuter-rail-project/
http://www.urbanrail.net/as/mani/manila.htm
http://www.pnr.gov.ph/

21. WATER-BASED TRANSPORT
Cruising

22. Ferries

23. Pleasure Craft

27. AIR TRANSPORT
Scheduled airlines offer a safe, convenient, reliable,
frequent and relatively consumer oriented product.
Airlines attract business travelers who appreciate
the speed and flexibility between various flights,
especially on popular routes as well as leisure
passengers who enjoy the ability or arrive quickly
and without spending time and money en route.

28. AIR TRANSPORT

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30. AIRLINES
Scheduled airline: operate on the basis of their
published rates.

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Charter services: do not operate according to
published timetables, nor are they advertised or
promoted by the airlines themselves.

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Air taxi services: privately chartered aircraft
accommodating between 4 to 18 people, used
particularly by business travelers.

33. THE SUCCESS OF LOW COST CARRIERS
• Operation from secondary airports at major
cities or from regional airports
• Standardized fleet, initially of one aircraft
type
• Maximized aircraft capacity
• Minimized in-flight costs
• Reduce sales and distribution cost

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35. POLITICAL INFLUENCES
Border Control

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The need for visa and transit visa
Please Read
http://www.rappler.com/business/special-report/world-economic-forum/58485-asean-
common-visa-world-economic-forum

37. 11/14/12
Custom Control
Source: https://philippines.visahq.com/customs/

38. 11/14/12

39. 11/14/12
The Philippines is using e-passport now because we want to
keep up with the world standards of travel documents. Unlike
the MRP which only has the minimum ICAO standards in travel
documents, the ePassport is the world standard in travel
documents. As an ICAO member, the Philippines is obligated
to improve the security of its travel documents.
By issuing of e-passports, the Philippines is giving its citizens a
world-class consular service. Other countries will also honor
and accept this kind of passport because of the biometric
technology. More than 60 countries all over the world are
already using e-passports.
Government Regulations

40. Please Read these Sources:
http://www.ofwguide.com/article_item-1192/What-You-Need-to-Know-About-the-E-Passport.html
http://www.philstar.com/pinoy-worldwide/2013/12/27/1272506/dfa-old-passports-phased-out-2015

41. GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION OF PNOY:
NEDA identified the following measures to improve the
country’s market access and connectivity:
1. Renegotiate air service agreements
2. Reduce foreign carrier operation costs in the Phils.
3. Simplify border formalities / procedures for key
growth markets
4. Upgrade secondary international airports; and
5. Improve sea and road transportation services

42. GOVERNMENT REGULATION: Passenger Bill of Rights
1. Offloaded Baggage 2. Overbooked Flights

43. GOVERNMENT REGULATION: Passenger Bill of Rights
3. Airline Promotions 4. Check-in

44. Please check out these other sources:
http://www.gov.ph/summary-of-the-rights-of-air-passengers/
http://www.rappler.com/business/17691-air-passenger-right-bill-out-in-time-for-
christmas-traffic
GOVERNMENT REGULATION: Passenger Bill of Rights
3. Flight Cancellations 4. Flight Delays

45. FUTURE TRENDS
• Efficiency
• Globalization and integration
• Environment policies

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48. Climate change and alternative future transport
When thinking of the warming of the planet, the erratic weather patterns and
the natural disasters that will likely occur and are occurring already, we can
describe global climate change as one of the worst disasters to hit the
humanity.
Furthermore, destinations should expect climate change to have an impact on
tourists’ purchasing trends. We will gradually see new means of transport
gaining ground to the detriment of air traffic: Will tourists be willing to fly
across the ocean if they consider the carbon footprint of their flights?
Travelers may opt for journeys made by train, boat or coaches especially that
these modes are nowadays offering more comfort, great web accessibility
and timetables suitability. In addition, shorter trips within the same
continent or the same geographical region will more likely outweigh the
long ones.

49. Please Read
1. About airline deregulation in Asia found in “The
Heavens Are Not Free” Chapter 3 ASEAN Coming
Together in the Skies page 58 – 73
SOURCE: http://www.helvidius.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/06/Airline-Deregulation.pdf
2. Air traffic/service agreements
http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/aviation/international/bil
ateral_system.aspx
http://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-
news/240567/revised-air-service-agreement-opens-
door-to-more-flights-between-japan-and-philippines/
3. On Rethinking the Role of Transportation in Tourism
http://www.easts.info/on-line/proceedings_05/1767.pdf
/#.VIZpbjGUdqV

50. Please Read
5. On unique Filipino modes of transportation
http://www.tripsiders.com/blog/10-unique-modes-
transportation-philippines/#.VIZpbjGUdqV
6. On sustainable tourism transportation
http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=st-
PAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA269&lpg=PA269&dq=sustainable+tourism+transportat
ion&source=bl&ots=l0KI1Js__1&sig=L5Hk8JkTlcBwDCweVQwqHdE9zyg&
hl=en&sa=X&ei=KRKDVO6LCcPVoATQwoJQ&ved=0CGwQ6AEwCTgK#v
=onepage&q=sustainable%20tourism%20transportation&f=false
http://www.sewta.gov.uk/uploads/documents/107/original/Sustainable_Tran
sport_within_Tourism_-_July_2012.pdf?1349968257
7. On Bike Tourism
http://bicycletouringpro.com/blog/history-of-bicycle-
touring/

51. 11/14/12
Please Read
8. On Defunct Airlines in the Philippines
https://airlinenewsphilippines.wordpress.com/defunct-airlines-in-
ph/
9. List of airports
https://airlinenewsphilippines.wordpress.com/xxx/
10. The government’s economic policy under PNOy
http://www.iiss.org/en/events/events/archive/2014-0f13/february-
e91c/fullerton-lecture-purisima-3d1d

52. AIR-BASED TRANSPORTATION SOURCES:
COMMERCIAL FLIGHT HISTORY: http://www.space.com/16657-
worlds-first-commercial-airline-the-greatest-moments-in-
flight.html
COMMERCIAL FLIGHT TIMELINE:
http://www.burnsmcd.com/Aviation-Special-
Report/Article/Timeline-of-Commercial-Aviation
ICAO LIST OF AIRLINES AND THEIR OWNERSHIP
http://www.icao.int/sustainability/Documents/PrivatizedAirlines.
pdf