Chapter 2 Types of Tour Operations (Travel Agency & Tour Operations)

1. Chapter – 2
Types ofTour Operations

2. Presented By:
Md. Shaifullar Rabbi
BBA & MBA (Major inTHM,FBS,DU)
Lecturer
Dept. ofTourism & Hospitality Management
Daffodil Institute of IT(NU)

3. The Components ofTravel Services
Travel agencies
Online travel agencies
Tour operators
Destination marketing organizations
Other organizations

4. A Travel Agency is a business that operates as the
intermediary between the travel industry (supplier)
and the traveler (purchaser).

7. OnlineTravel Agents
Increasing numbers of FITs are turning to online
travel agents (OTAs), companies that aggregate
accommodations and transportation options and
allow users to choose one or many components of
their trip based on price or other incentives.
Examples of OTAs include Booking.com,
Expedia.ca, Hotwire.com, and Kayak.com. OTAs
are gaining popularity with the travelling public; in
2012, they reported online sales of almost $100
billion (Carey, Kang, & Zea, 2012) and almost triple
that figure, upward of $278 billion, in 2013 (The
Economist, 2014).

8. Tour Operators
A tour operator packages all or most of the
components of an offered trip and then sells
them to the traveler. These packages can
also be sold through retail outlets or travel
agencies (CATO, 2014; Goeldner & Ritchie,
2003). Tour operators work closely with
hotels, transportation providers, and
attractions in order to purchase large
volumes of each component and package
these at a better rate than the traveler could if
purchasing individually. Tour operators
generally sell to the leisure market.

11. Types of Tour Operators
Inbound Tour Operators
Outbound Tour Operators
Domestic Tour Operators
Ground Operators
Receptive tour operators

12.  Inbound tour operators: bring travelers into a country as a group or
through individual tour packages (e.g., a package from China to visit
Canada).
 Outbound tour operators: work within a country to take travelers to other
countries (e.g., a package from Canada to the United Kingdom).
 Domestic tour operators: are those that put together
inclusive tour packages and sell them to domestic travelers. In other
words, they are tour operators who provide travel packages
and tours within a tourist's native country.
 Ground Operators: These are commonly known as handling
agencies and their main function is to organize tour arrangements for
incoming tourists on the behalf of overseas operators. Let us take the
case of India as a destination that – has a varied culture.
 Receptive tour operators : are not travel agents, and they do not operate
the tours. They represent the various products of tourism suppliers to
tour operators in other markets in a business-to-business (B2B)
relationship. Receptive tour operators are key to selling packages to
overseas markets (Destination BC, 2014) and creating awareness around
possible product.

13. Types ofTour Operations
 Domestic tours involve residents of the given country
traveling only within their own country. Tours offered in this
country could be national parks tours, Mississippi river boat
cruises, Seasonal tours.
 Outbound Tour take residents from one country to travel in
another country. These tours take travelers all over the
world and to every continent.
 Inbound Tours involve non-residents traveling in another
country. Companies that provide local assistance for tours
arriving in their country or town are called Inbound or
Receptive Tour Operators. They are commonly used on
international trips, particularly where language issues are
part of the mix.

16. Destination marketing organizations
Destination marketing organizations
(DMOs) include national tourism boards,
state/provincial tourism offices, and
community convention and visitor bureaus
around the world. DMOs promote “the long-
term development and marketing of a
destination, focusing on convention sales,
tourism marketing and service” (DMAI,
2014).

17. Travel sales distribution system
The link between tourism suppliers and the
customers is known the distribution system.
The purposes of the system of distribution
are two fold: to give potential travelers the
information they need to make a vacation
choice, and to allow them to make the
necessary reservations once they have
decided on their choice.

19. Players of Distribution System
Direct distribution system
Indirect distribution system
Retail travel agents
Tour operators or tour wholesalers
Specialty channel
Supplier choice
Customer choice

20. Why work with travel distributors?

23. What is Facility Management?
Facility management (FM) is a
profession that encompasses multiple
disciplines to ensure functionality,
comfort, safety and efficiency of the
built environment by integrating people,
place, process and technology.

24. WHAT DO FACILITY
MANAGERS DO?
1. Impacting operational efficiencies
2. Supporting productivity of facilities and
personnel
3. Managing risks to facilities and personnel
4. Mitigating environmental impact
5. Promoting sustainable tactics for long-term
cost management
6. Leveraging technological solutions
7. Reducing or overcoming effects of natural
disasters
8. Guaranteeing compliance
9. Leveraging security

25. WHAT SKILL SETS DO
FACILITY MANAGERS HAVE?
 Occupancy and human factors
 Operations and maintenance
 Sustainability
 Facility information and technology management
 Risk management
 Communication
 Performance and quality
 Leadership and strategy
 Real estate
 Project management
 Finance and business

26. What type of facilities does a travel
company provide?
Travel advisory- Advising clients
 Travel arrangements, e.g. visas and passports
 Places they can visit
 Itinerary
 Experiences that can be created
 Keeping clients up to date with any changes
and risks etc

27. Bookings
 Arranging flights, insurance and accommodation
 Tickets to places of interests
 Hotel and transport booking
 Sending out tickets to clients
Customer Services
 Kids related bookings and management (arranging nannies in
hotels)
 Collecting and processing payments
 Dealing with complaints or refunds
 Arranging Concierges / guides etc as needed
 Dealing with miles
Events
 Organizing events, conferences , off sites etc
 or ensuring participation of people