The Australian Textile, Clothing And Footwear Essay

The Australian Textile, Clothing And Footwear Essay
The Australian Textile, Clothing and Footwear (TCF) industry operates in a global environment and
the role of transportation management is an important component that must be explored. Therefore,
this report will set out to analyse its function within the TCF framework and in particular its
pertinence to Billabong International, one of the industry's largest companies. An overview of the
TCF industry and Billabongs role within it, will need to be given, to explain the context in which the
transport function operates. Secondly, it is important to identify the optimal transport modes and
clarify reasoning behind those choices with comparison to industry best practice. Importantly,
technological advantages in Billabongs transport partners and the benefits to its entire supply chain
are to be explored. It is also important to analyse risks and challenges involved in choosing transport
modes and finally conclusions will be made on the findings of this report. Additionally, any
alterations required to assist the future transport choices of Billabong will be recommended. 2. The
Textile, clothing and footwear supply chain in Australia: The Australian Textile, Clothing and
Footwear industry is a diverse and highly competitive marketplace. Over recent decades'
competition has increased from commercial pressures of large retailers and the growth of imports.
As a result, the value of Australia's TCF industry has decreased in relation to Gross Domestic
Product from 1.6 percent in
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Supply Chain
CHINHOYI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
NAME : TAFADZWA MUDHLIWEVHU
REG NUMBER : C13121173D
PROGRAMME : BSSCM
MODULE : PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT
LEVEL : 2.1
ASSIGNMENT
Discuss the policy instruments that the government of Zimbabwe applies to intervene in the freight–
transport industry and point out in your view how these measures affect business logistics
management and performance in the country.
Introduction
Transport policy deals with the development of a set of constructs and propositions that are
established to achieve particular objectives relating to social, economic and environmental
development, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fiscal measures
The government uses fiscal power to reduce or increase the costs of different modes of transport or
services in certain areas or over certain routes by imposing taxation or granting subsidies. The
government also influences the factor costs of transport inputs through import duties, customs and
excise laws. Transport pricing refers to the collection of measures used to alter market prices by
influencing the purchase or use of the vehicle. Typically measures applied to road transport are fuel
pricing and taxation, vehicle licence– registration fees, annual circulation taxes, tolls and road
charges and parking charges. Carbon tax is charged according to engine size in Zimbabwe.
Monetary measures
These are used by governments to influence the quantity of money supply by manipulating interest
rates and applying and applying credit control. It includes direct credit arrangements
Moral appeal and persuasion
This is a weak policy instrument which involves educational messages or rendering advice on the
advantages of not overloading vehicles or not speeding.
Policies relating to strategic commodities

Transport is a major user of energy especially petroleum products and a wide range of other raw
materials and intermediate goods. Policies regarding the management of these commodities have got
a significant influence on transport especially when imported. A policy change was introduced in
1999 so that

Disadvantages Of Rail Transportation
This website contains information form the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. The types of
information that are include value of shipments, fuel consumption, and other rail related
information. This information could add more detail and provide relevant statistical data to my
paper.
Bureau of Transportation Statistics. (n.d.). freight–transportation. Retrieved October 6, 2017, from
bts.gov: https://www.bts.gov/topics/freight–transportation
This section of the book in chapter 14 outlines several aspects of rail transportation. One of the
topics disused was the high cost of upkeep and operation of rail transportation. Furthermore, it also
talks about rail's ability transport vast amounts of cargo overland. This includes both cost and
delivery time. This information may serve to be useful in describing the benefits and disadvantages
of rail transportation.
Chopra, S., Meindl, P., & Vir Kalra, D. (2016). Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and
operation (6 ed.). (pp. 443–444). Person. Retrieved October 7, 2017
This section is also from chapter 14. However, this part concerns itself with the importance of
transportation in the supply chain. This involves some examples and descriptions of the operating
and selecting transportations methods. The information in this section will provide me with added
specifics about the selection of transportation.
operation (6 ed.). (pp. 439–440). Person. Retrieved October 7, 2017
This is yet another section from chapter 14 talks about some trends regarding freight. This includes
the amount of ton–miles needed to "produce $1 of goods GDP" in 1970 as opposed to 2002
(Chopra, Meindl, & Vir Kalra, 2016, p. 441). This type of information will help my paper when
discussing the benefits and disadvantages of rail transportation.
operation (6 ed.). (pp. 441). Person. Retrieved October 7, 2017
This section from chapter 14 covers intermodal transportation. Intermodal transportation is not a
single mode of transportation but combination two or more modes of transportation. This

Transportation Processes And Systems Theory
Cargo Transportation
GENERAL ISTRUCTIONS
The method guide is constructed according to "Fundamentals of Transportation Processes and
Systems Theory" course syllabus of the field of study 6.070101 "Transport Technologies".
The course syllabus of "Fundamentals of Transportation Processes and Systems Theory" course is
intended for studying the fundamentals of transportation process and operations in cargo
transportation. The main purpose of studying this course is comprehension of basic transportation
processes' concepts related to transportation of cargo by two transport modes (or with cross–
docking) with warehousing of the specified cargo type. The key objective of the given course is for
the students to gain skills in management of transportation processes at micro level. The course will
also improve the research skills and develop independence and responsibility of the students.
According to the study plan of the major, the students complete a term paper entitled "Calculation of
efficiency indicators of transportation processes in industrial transport systems". The term paper
deepens the knowledge on the course, allows practical application of the acquired skills of
calculating the basic parameters of transportation processes and systems, and is an important stage
in mastering the material of the course.
Writing, documentation and presentation of the term paper is completed individually by the student
in accord with the given method guide.
The time necessary for

Multimodal Transport Essay
This paper will explore the multimodal transportation world. The multimodal transport turnover is
defined as the movement of goods using two or more modes of transport covered by a contract of
multimodal transport between locations. Commonly the term as a synonym for intermodal
multimodality used in terms of transport, however the intermodal transport is a model of
multimodality and is defined as the movement of goods in the same logistics unit or vehicle using
successively two or more modes of transport without handling the goods in the process of modal
interchange. Some general aspects about multimodal transportation are expedition, shipping or
remittance which is the set of goods covered by a single contract of carriage. Also, the freight that is
the price ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As part of this process of globalization, individual country economies tend to disappear. The
products that are consumed in the domestic market and the products that go to the foreign markets
are those able to compete on favorable terms without considering the place of origin. For this
reason, comparative advantages available to each country depend largely on the abundance of
certain factors of production, such as labor, natural resources and the key factor transportation.
Multimodal transportation has been a way to improve, and make easier the movements of any kind
of material all over the world. It is basically the transfer of goods from one country to another with
use of more than a means of transport (road, rail, air, sea or river) and where the cargo is never
separated. In the international multimodal transport, the commodity may change of means of
transport during the journey. Despite these changes in transport the goods must remain

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Airplanes
Before airplanes were invented, journeys were tiring and extremely time–consuming. People would
have to travel for weeks by ship to reach other countries. This became a problem because people
were often tired and frustrated at how inconvenient travelling was. For example, it takes around 11
to 12 hours to travel from London to New York by plane, but if you travel by ship / boat, it takes an
average of 4 to 5 days. It could take two weeks to reach somewhere that took a plane two days to
travel.
Exporting goods by boat / ship was extremely expensive; even though there was still a lot of trade,
airplanes have made trade much easier and faster therefore there is much more trade now. Trade is
good because it helps the economy, provides jobs for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the fastest form of transport and therefore is very useful when time is an important factor. Along
with the quick and efficient service, there are comfortable cushioned seats so longer flights aren't too
difficult. The average occupancy of an aircraft is around 80% greater than other forms of transport.
(Statistics from Air Transport Action Group – ATAG)
In terms of the route of travel, there are no physical barriers so it follows the shortest and most direct
route to the intended destination; connecting flights are provided for places like Kochi (in India) that
don't have direct flights. Air transport can also be very easily accessed and can be used to transport
goods to rural areas or places that can't be accessed by any other means of transport. In the case of a
natural disaster e.g. floods or earthquakes, airplanes will still be operating and is the only mode of
transport which can be used for relief work or to provide essential necessities in life. Airplanes are
often used to carry fragile goods that require fast delivery over long distances. They carry goods that
are over 35% value (many are perishable goods). Deliveries from Africa to UK support the
livelihoods of 1.5 million people. (Statistics from Air Transport Action Group –

How The Transportation Is Effecting The City
Globally, cities are facing problems of the population is living over a greater distance and travelling
further and more often (). Oil consumption is increasing but the supply is not increasing. Local
governments are facing the issue of how do they plan a city that can accommodate these changes?
Four studies reviewed cities and how the transportation is effecting the city. The case study cities
were Christchurch, New Zealand and Minneapolis, United States of America. This cities are similar
because they both have large populations living in suburbs who have to travel long distances for
work, school, leisure, socialising and more. In both cities, cars are stilled the popular mode of
transport. Transport can have effects on the surrounding land but not all the time. People are
traveling to work differently to previous generations. All of these issues explain the situation of the
transport systems in Christchurch and Minneapolis.
One issues that was raised in the readings is that cars continue to be a popular choice for residents in
both cities. Previous studies have shown that cities with high density living, use less cars because
most people walk or catch a bus due to everything they need being so close to their home. This
pattern is not happening in the case studies. Cars are the preferred mode of transport even if the
residents have access to public transport. In Minneapolis, residents do not tend to use the rail
networks. One reason is because commercial activities tend

Public Transport Systems Of The Uk
Currently there are already a few alternatives to cars available to a large amount of people, the most
prevalent of these being public transport systems which count towards about 16% of commuters as
their usual method of transport in the UK[6]. In the future we will probably see more alternatives
such as driver–less cars, notably one being developed by google, and some even speculate as to
more science fiction like modes of transportation e.g. "According to Shaw, in the future everyone
will use telekinetically controlled hover–boards" [1]. The question is somewhat speculative at best
as there are too many factors currently involved as to the requirement of cars both now and in the
future.
One of the most compelling arguments against needing to know how to drive is the driver–less car
which have had reasonable success under the development of Google, which by 2012 "completed
more than 300,000 miles of testing. [...] and there hasn't been a single accident under computer
control." [2]. This was achieved about 2 years after the project was first publicly announced and
aimed to "fundamentally change the use of cars"[3]. The concept itself has a lot of merit as it would
give those previously unable to drive, such as those who are blind or otherwise disabled, means to
more independently get around. A good example of how a driver–less car would be was seen in the
film adaptation of Isaac Asimov 's I, Robot, in which all cars where computer driven but also gave
the driver an option

Physical Distribution
Chapter
Chapter Systems and
Transportation 22
Services
Physical Distribution
Section 22.1 Transportation Systems and
Services
Section 22.2 Inventory Storage
Key Terms physical distribution transportation common carriers contract carriers private carriers
exempt carriers ton–mile carload freight forwarders Transportation Systems and
Services
Objectives
Describe the nature and scope of physical distribution Identify transportation systems and services
that move products from manufacturers to consumers Name the different kinds of transportation
service companies
Marketing Essentials Chapter 22, Section 22.1
Transportation Systems and
Services
Study Organizer
Use a figure like this to list the advantages and disadvantages of each ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Exempt carriers X are free from direct regulation of rates and operating procedures. Their rates are
lower because of their exempt status. In most cases, they carry agricultural products.
Some disadvantages of trucks are that they cost more than rail or water carriers, and they are
susceptible to delays due to traffic jams and road conditions. Marketing Essentials Chapter 22,
Section 22.1
Types of Transportation Systems
Intermodal transportation combines two or more transportation modes to maximize the advantages
of each. Piggyback service is carrying loaded truck trailers over land on railroad flat cars. Trucks
will then take the trailers to their destinations. Fishyback service carries truck trailers on ships.

Railroads ton–mile The movement of one ton (2,000 lbs) of freight one mile.
Trains transport nearly six percent of the total intercity ton–miles of freight. A ton–mile X is the
movement of one ton (2,000 lbs.) of freight one mile.
Trains are good for moving heavy and bulky freight, and they can use refrigerated cars to haul
agricultural products.
Railroads carload The minimum number of pounds of freight needed to fill a boxcar. A carload X
is the minimum number of pounds of freight needed to fill a boxcar. Carload

Methodology and Models for Residential Self Selection
METHODOLGY AND MODELS FOR RESIDENTIAL SELF SELECTION: IMPACT ON
TRAVEL BEHAVIOR Introduction: Self–selection in this context refers to "the tendency of people
to choose locations based on their travel abilities, needs and preferences" (Litman, 2005 p. 6).
Sources for Residential selection are: attitudes and social demographic traits. With residential to the
latter, an example of self–selection is that low–income and zero–vehicle households may choose to
live in neighborhoods with ample transit service and hence use transit more. In this case, it is not
good transit facilities, but the households' economic constraints that have a true and direct influence
on their choice of transit model. Today urbanization is increasing rapidly with global opportunities
and economic development of the country. So, there are more number of people are migrating from
other areas to Urban. The density of the population increases, but the infrastructure like
transportation facilities have not improved that much. Then there is a cause of Traffic congestion as
well as increasing the fuel consumption. Urban areas are developing very fast and sprawl all over
the sub– urban areas. Already central areas of the cities are overcrowded, So, then the people are
moving to suburban areas for living. Then the term Residential Self selection plays an important role
on the travel behavior of the individual. Travel behavior of the person depends on the so many
factors including the income level of the

Application Of The Concepts / Theories
: APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS/THEORIES IN MY CURRENT JOB
In my job as 3PL (Third party logistics service provider) shipping (transportation across boarders) is
one of the integrated services that we offer to our clients. To carry out this activity, we are constantly
faced with the dilema of choosing the transportation mode that will reconcile effectiveness and
efficiency. While keeping in mind the expectations of our clients, we must not forget our profit
margins – which are the bases of our business sustainability. Besides deciding what mode of
transportation to use, we are equally responsible for choosing between one carrier and the other. The
choice of carrier is determined by a series of factors such reliability, availability of equipment,
regularity, price/rates etc
Many at–times the most suitable thing we do is to put up a combination of several modes of
transportation for the same trip. Usually we opt for the land transport mode (combining road and rail
where possible) at the levels of pre–carriage and on–carriage, while choosing between maritime and
air modes for the carriage (principal cross boarder journey). The choice between sea and air modes
for the principal journey is done taking into consideration a number of factors such as nature and
volume/weight of shipment, transit time, availability of infrastructures, geographical location etc.
What ever change of mode is operated, it is important to note that goods remain in the same loading
unit.
In my job as MTO

Logistics Dell
Our Dell Global Fulfillment and Logistics (GF&L) organization aims to develop and sustain a
global transportation and logistics network that uses the most efficient and effective means for us
and our transportation providers to distribute our products to our customers. Our job is to get the
right product, to the right place, at the right time. Furthermore, our Dell Logistics teams must do this
at the right cost. We continue to optimize transportation costs while improving quality and striving
to exceed the service expectations of our customers.
In fiscal year 2011, many dynamic changes within the Dell fulfillment model challenged our teams.
As a result, there were and will continue to be refinements to our transportation and logistics ...
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In Asia–Pacific/Japan (APJ), the optimal mode of transport is ocean shipment to countries such as
Japan, Australia and New Zealand. In the Americas, certain aspects of our business dictate that we
ship notebooks from Asia to the United States. In the past, we relied primarily on air service.
However, last year we enjoyed improvements in our supply chain by shipping more freight from
Asia to the U.S. via ocean carriers. Furthermore, we have also implemented the use of rail transport
from ocean terminals to Dell fulfillment centers within the United States. This process has also
become a standard practice to deliver notebooks to customers in Latin America and EMEA.
To provide world–class logistics support for Dell and our customers, our logistics teams must also
leverage the best transportation and logistics providers available in the industry. During the past
year, we made changes to the relationships we had with some of our carrier partners, which again
required significant adjustments to networks and processes, as well as great attention to detail. As
volumes shifted from one carrier to another, we ensured that there were no disruptions in customer
service (such as delays in delivery times or an increase in the number of incidents with missing,
wrong or damaged products) that would have negatively affected our customers ' purchase and
delivery experience.
Dell 's Logistics Teams Green

Inventory and Physical Distribution
ch11 Student:
___________________________________________________________________________ 1. The
railroad service which picks up truck trailers at a producer 's location, loads them onto rail flatcars,
hauls them close to the customer, and then delivers them to the buyer 's door is: A. truck service. B.
fast freight. C. trailer service. D. piggyback service. E. pool car service. 2. Air express companies
place many small packages into specially designed cylinders that conform to the interior dimensions
of a cargo airplane. This practice protects the smaller packages and helps to reduce distribution
costs. The air express companies are practicing: A. Containerization. B. Piggybacking. C. Freight
forwarding. D. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Higher physical distribution service levels are not a source of differentiation. True False 23.
Advance information on product availability affects physical distribution (PD) service levels. True
False 24. The total cost approach involves evaluating each possible PD system and identifying all
the transportation costs associated with each alternative. True False 25. The "total cost approach" to
physical distribution focuses exclusively on the total cost of transporting a product. True False 26.
The "total cost approach" to physical distribution management involves evaluating all the costs of
alternative physical distribution systems, including transporting, storing, and handling costs. True
False 27. Most marketing functions can be shared in a channel, but the storing function is almost
always handled by the producer. True False 28. JIT shifts greater responsibility for physical
distribution activities forward in the channel. True False 29. Just–in–time delivery reduces storing
and handling costs for business customers. True False 30. Just–in–time delivery systems typically
shift more responsibility for PD activities to the customer rather than the supplier. True False 31.
Every firm should try to use the just–in–time approach to physical distribution. True False 32. A
channel of distribution is part of a broader network of relationships called a supply chain. True False
33. A

Factors For Considering Air Freight Vs. Ocean Freight Essay
ARTICLE REVIEW By : Martha Yuhla SHEY SOURCE http://www.universalcargo.com/ : 4
FACTORS FOR CONSIDERING AIR FREIGHT VS. OCEAN FREIGHT. By Raymond Rau :
Posted August 16, 2011 In Air Freight, International Shipping, ocean freight, shipping.
http://www.universalcargo.com/4–factors–for–considering–air–freight–vs–ocean–freight/
INTRODUCTION This is a review of an article on '4 FACTORS FOR CONSIDERING AIR
FREIGHT VS. OCEAN FREIGHT'. In the first place a summary of the article will be given, then
we will further examine the article literature review, we'll examine how the article is structured,
check the credibility of the authors/writters of the article, examine the degree of accuracy of the
article, its relevance, see how current or not the article is, how objective the writter is and equally
examine the stability of the article. A look at data presentation in form of tables or graphs will be
taken and finally the conclusion from the article will be drawn. So far the article is well written and
relevant in the field of shipping when it comes to deciding the mode of transportation to use when
shipping goods internationally, from place of origin to place of destination. ARTICLE SUMMARY
This is an article that explains the factors to be considered when deciding the mode of transportation
to use in international shipping. The article examines 4 factors that should be taken into
consideration when faced with the dilema of choosing between « shipping » by air or « shipping »
by

Environmental Change : The Environmental Effects Of...
Climate change is known worldwide and the environmental effects on our planet cannot be
disregarded. Understanding the distinction among climate and weather is imperative in
understanding how certain variables add to the change of temperature. These variables can include
natural causes of the Earth's decay over time, however, scientists are well aware that human error
and our daily lifestyles contribute to the poor conditions that our earth is falling into. When humans
just started to exist on Earth, human impacts on the environment occurred in only a minimal and
insignificant quantity. This occurred because of small populations and the absence of innovation and
technology around them. When humans adjusted to the environment and figured out how to expand
and humans became inventors, and innovators, the population started to develop and future
expanded. However, not all that we as humans invent and contribute to our society is clean, or
natural. Some of it can be toxic, and some of it can be harmful to our atmosphere and our homes. By
the present guidelines, individuals living past the age of eighty years of age, is a noteworthy
achievement for humankind. Fuller lives from the inhabitants of earth implies that more assets from
the earth will be used. However, this is not suggesting that we as humans should not want to lives
longer lives. It suggests that we as humans should live smarter, cleaner, fuller lives. The cleaner we
are as humans, and use the lowest amount of earth

Globalization Is The Act Of Physical, Political, Social...
Globalization is the act of physical, political, social and economic interaction of people across the
world leading to an integrated system that is synchronized through common understanding (Scholte,
2000). The main area of concern is across border trade where business resources are shared beyond
domestic markets to establish an interconnection with preferred foreign markets. There have been
three forces that have continually increased the globalization phenomenon. They include
transportation, technology and communication.
Transportation
Improvement in the transportation sector has been essential in enhancing globalization.
Transportation modes move faster and have more capacity in storage volumes than previous
decades. Improved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The double stacking capabilities introduced incurred minimal extra costs of long distance shipment.
The competitive capacity of rail transport was enhanced against the shipping industry. Road
transport also embraced the advancement in containerization through new trailer or hauler trucks.
Multiple containers could be latched onto one trailer and successfully delivered over long distances.
Therefore, transfer of commodities was based on economies of scale with guaranteed minimum
costs as compared to previous years. Due to standardized containerization, intermodal transportation
emerged to effectively maneuver geographical constraints for timely deliveries. In this new system,
integrated transport modes act in a specific sequence to ensure cargo is delivered door to door.
Multiple networks of distribution centers linked to terminals were designed to penetrate a big
portion of productive areas (Rodrigue, Comtois, & Slack, 2006). Customers no longer needed to
have defined routes of cargo movement. Instead, they only needed to worry about the time of
delivery and costs of shipment. The ability to enjoy faster transportation that was cheaper and
covered longer distances as compared to previous decades, encouraged movement of people and
goods through long distances. The ease and comfort in movement motivated the venture of investors
and ordinary people into previously

High Cost Of Entry And Market Domination Limits Entrants...
Barriers to Entry – High cost of entry and market domination limits entrants into the industry. The
upfront cost for new airlines is capital intensive. In addition, it's difficult for new airlines to obtain
airport slots for takeoff and landing which are determined by the airports. Established airlines
already hold the monopoly over slots at certain airports, making it harder for new airlines to
infiltrate (Airlines Industry Profile, 2014). The industry is also dominated by five key airlines;
American, United, Delta, Southwest and JetBlue which make it difficult for new airlines to gain
market share. At 40 of the 100 largest U.S. airports, a single airline controls a majority of the
market. At 93 of the top 100, one or two airlines control a majority of the seats (Koenig &
Mayerowitz, 2015). In addition, with fuel being the number one cost for airlines, the volatile fuel
prices make it hard for new airlines to make a profit. Domestic airlines in the U.S. spend a combined
$2 to $5 billion on jet fuel every month. As a stat up airlines, the price paid for fuel is the same
weather planes are full or empty which could stop new airlines from entering the industry. Lastly,
the FAA has strict regulations which discourage new airlines from entering the industry. All new
entrants must abide by Federal Aviation Authority regulations on airworthiness, pilot competence,
and related issues (Airline Industry Profile, 2014). Overall, entry into the airline industry is high and
there is

How Electric Vehicles Can Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Electric cars are vehicles, which, instead of internal combustion engines, are driven by electric
motors and controllers. They have proved to be a good substitute for conventional vehicles and are
considered as a revolutionary innovation designed to protect the earth from the damaging effects of
global warming, as they work on the electricity supplying the integrated rechargeable battery that
can be easily recharged. Compared to traditional means of transport, electric vehicles seem to be
more viable and environmentally friendly because they do not need oil or other fossil fuels as an
energy source but the high cost of such a car and other important issues of exploitation discussed in
this paper make their use very doubtful comparing to the usual cars. The studies have shown that
electric vehicles can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to "6.12 billion tons annually" (Westbrook,
2001). Even though they need mainly coal as a supply of electricity, they produce less harmful
emissions than oil, which is the main source of energy for transport modes, driven by gasoline
(Westbrook, 2001). With the development of renewable energy technologies that use the power of
wind or solar energy, people can get a clean source of electricity, which will make the electric car
more friendly to nature. In addition, the introduction of "regenerative braking system" will allow
cars to convert the force of inertia into electricity, thus, adding, extra batteries, which, in return,
increase its

Harley Davidson Case Study
Trident University
Beverley Lionel
Module 3 SLP Optimizing Inventory/Transportation
LOG 501: Managing the Supply Chain Dr. Michael Allison
18 June 2017
Background
Harley Davidson is the iconic American motorcycle manufacturer. It was founded out of a small
shed in 1903 by William S. Harley, Arthur and Walter Davidson in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
(Motorcycle usa.com). Due to modernization the Motorcycle has change in style, shape and power.
As mentioned previously all materials that were used to manufacture this iconic American
Motorcycle were readily available because they first made bicycles and the parts were locally
manufactured. Over the years the popularity of the motorcycle increased, which made the demand
for raw materials for this product to increase as well in other to sustain the demand.
The raw material used to make the Harley Davidson motorcycles were imported from countries all
over the world to wholesalers who then supplied Harley Davidson. Since these raw materials were
needed (rubber, metal and leather) they were imported from various countries and different modes
of transportation were used for delivery. In other for those products to get to the Harley Davidson
production plant different modes of transportation were used. We will identify in the EESC where
each of the four modes of transportation are used: rail, inland water, ocean, and Over the Road and
also discuss why this mode is used and the costs.
Rail
According to Bellis, (2017)

Transportation And Warehouse Management Essay
Transportation and Warehouse Management
SUMMARY
The report is on how transportation and warehouse management plays a vital role in the supply
chain, different modes of transports that involve in the freight movement from one location to
another. The amount of time to deliver a product to customers will show the effect on company's
future, so the company has to follow some steps to have a better mode of transportation for less cost
and delivery time. The primary objective of this project is to show how the transportation and
warehouse management systems are used to overcome the problems that are faced in transportation
and storage quickly and some of the key elements in WMS and TMS.
Transportation management:
Globalization has increased the importance and role of transportation in supply chain management.
Transportation plays a vital role in increasing the Gross Domestic product. It involves the movement
of the manufactured product from one location to the another location or the customer safely.
Transportation plays a vital role in the supply chain because the probability of using the produced
product on the same site is almost negligible. Now, transportation is one of the primary factors
which can affect the economy of the company when it is not efficient, safe and reliable. Delivering
the products on time directly to the customers has been increasing significantly in these recent years
which can be accomplished only with transportation management, resulting

A Brief Note On Public Transport And The United Kingdom
An investigation into LIC Students user habits relation to public transport in the United Kingdom
1. Introduction
In recent years, the educational tourism market has grown rapidly in the United Kingdom, therefore
the government should consider developing services such as public transport. In fact, public
transport system plays an important part to enhance the quality of life for citizens with the United
Kingdom (Weisbrod & Reno, 2009), and further for international students who travel abroad in
order to get a better standard of education. It is necessary for them to evaluate how they travel when
they start their studies. International students come from different cultures and backgrounds,
different values and behaviors, and that is why this research becomes imperative to find out what
they need when they use the public transport services in the United Kingdom and thus this research
is relevant as an effective system is largely linked with the quality of life of the student. In addition,
1.1 Aims and Objectives
1. To find out whether LIC students use public transport or not in the United Kingdom.
2. To make comparison between public transport system in the United Kingdom and public transport
system in LIC students home countries.
3. To develop public transport system in the United Kingdom according to LIC students opinions.
1.2 Research Questions
1. Do LIC students use public transport in the United Kingdom?
2. How do LIC students use public transport in their

Choosing A City For Comparison With Auckland Essay
Choose a city for comparison with Auckland. Discuss the development of each city in the 50 year
period between 1880–1930, highlighting the pressures and opportunities created by new technology
and urbanisation. Include a timeline in your essay.
Denver D'souza
Student I.D– 774052033
Word Count– 1459
The Industrial Revolution was a period of transition to many practises within developing cities. For
Auckland, New Zealand, the Second Industrial Revolution (1840–1870) influenced rapid
development with a growth in transport, factored by a new ideological theory which promoted
productivity, through advancements in technology. These factors helped change the status of
Auckland, known as the "oldest city in New Zealand" (Bloomfield.G 1967), to the "largest and most
modern city" (Bloomfield,G 1967) in New Zealand, influencing the role of urbanisation to the
economic and social stature of the city through till the early 20th century. Conversely, London also
developed through the Industrial Revolution with similar trends in development but to a greater
extent given its status as a trade capital and the population density influencing the process of
urbanisation. Through strict comparison of both cities, this essay will provide a thorough analysis of
the pressures and opportunities created by the advancements in transport, through the time period of
1880 to 1930.
Transport was a growing industry through the late 19th century. Through advancements in
technology from the Industrial

Basic Mode of Transport
INTRODUCTION
Each business has its own particular transport needs. These depend on the nature of the business and
the type of products or services it buys and sells.
This guide will help you decide on the most appropriate transportation for your business needs and
assess the tax implications and costs to your business.
It also tells you what licenses, insurance and training you or your staff will need to operate business
vehicles.
ROLE OF TRANSPORT:
Transportation is the physical thread connecting the firms geographical dispersed area. It helps in
transfer of materials from suppliers to the firm and finished goods to be transferred from the firm to
the market. It serves as link that facilities of the firm.it also suprts the products of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The large number of carriers is due in part to the low capital that entering the trucking business
requires. High variable cost and low fixed cost characterized the cost structure. The motor carrier
does not require extensive terminal and equipment investment and does not invest in its own
highway, and the carrier pays for highway use through fees such as use of taxes licencing charges.
These variable expenses contribute to the high variety cost structure.
Motors carriers are classified in manner as truckload and less than truck load. Less than truck load
carrier accept small packages of shipment where truckload carrier accepts shipment of full truckload
size.
ADVANTAGES OF ROADWAYS
1.road transportation offers advantages of speed, door–to–door flexibility and widespread
geographic coverage.
2. the major advantage of motor transport over the modes is its inherent ability to provide service to
any location.
3. the large number of motor carriers suggest a high availability. For example,many more motor
carriers than railroad facilities are available in an area.
4. motor carriers do not need to consolidate wagons together or decouple wagons at various
locations on the route as it in railway transport it speeds up the transportation.
5. motor carriers used in road transportation have lower fixed capital costs as compared to other
modes of transportation.
6. due to the lower entry costs of capital, this mode of transportation is characterized by

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rail Mode
Rail mode is the mode of transport which has the highest passenger capacity and cargo capacity; out
of all the modes of land transport available such as bus mode, private vehicle mode, motor bike
mode, bicycle mode, etc. The total number of passengers or the total volume of cargo rail mode can
carry at any given time is very high compared to any other mode of land transport available. And not
only the total capacity, but also the unit capacity of rail mode is very high compared to any other
mode of land transport. Therefore sometimes, rail mode may be the only mode of land transport
which can cater the transportation of project cargo and over dimension cargo.
Rail mode is also the mode of transport which has the highest speed and the longest ... Show more
A higher portion of the government workers uses rail mode in their office travel. And at the same
time, there's a large portion of the rail users which consists of students and teachers. Many of the
school students and university students together with school teachers and university staff use rail
mode in their daily travel. The main reason for that is the convenience of the season ticket. But still
even without the season ticket, it would be the best option for mode of transport for them.
This research basically focuses on the rail mode from a point of "Accessibility" view as it is one of
the most important factors which the passengers take in to consideration in their modal choice for
transportation. Even though the railway mode has so many advantages as a land transport mode than
the other modes of land transport and even though rail modeis the best solution for many of the
existing problems relating to land transport as mentioned above, but still the accessibility is an
existing problem in the rail mode itself and that problem is considered as a disadvantage in the rail

Disadvantages Of A Bicycle
Introduction
Bicycles are one of the most common forms of transportation in the world. Most children remember
their first bike; with it came the chance to explore their world with more freedom than ever before.
As we grow, however, bicycling becomes more than just a childhood rite of passage. Wind in our
hair and feet on the pedals, we have several good reasons to climb on and take a trip. Much of the
world uses bicycles as a primary form of transportation.
Generally, cycling can be fancy by almost everyone, regardless of your age or your physical ability.
There are different kinds of bicycles; the mountain bike, a mountain bike is a bike design for riding
a mountainous terrain. The bamboo bike it is a bike created from a bamboo tree, rowdy bike is
created for uphill and downhill road, and last the fixed gear, a bike with a different way of stopping.
In the Philippines, heavy traffic has become constantly encountered. The pollution being emitted by
cars and other vehicles is damaging the environment. This research paper, will encourage you to ride
a bike ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fisrt disadvantage is increased risk of injury, Cyclists may experience traumatic and overuse
injuries. While traumatic injuries can primarily be attributed to accidents, overuse injuries frequently
occur in cyclists who ride regularly. Lower back pain is common in cyclists since they use their
lower backs to control and power the bike. The stress added onto the back may produce chronic
pain. Bike riders may also suffer a variety of injuries to the tendons or muscles in the knee areas. In
some of these cases, it may be necessary to see a doctor or physiotherapist. Another is that you
cannot rely on cycling for a really long journey, like something that would be more than ten miles.
Unless you are trained enough, you will face an energy drain while cycling this distance and your
coming to work would be quite

Vancouver Bicycle Rental System Essay
In response to the research report, this draft outlines my basic blueprint to research bicycle rental
system. The research will lead to the recommendation of building a bicycle rental transportation
system in Vancouver.
Introduction
From today to the future year 2030, it is appropriate to estimate that Vancouver population will
increase by more than one million. Vancouver public transportation will hardly bear the pressure due
to the largely increase in population. Other than population pressure, the public transportation is
criticised by huge carbon emissions as well. For sharing the responsibility of Translink, it is
necessary to build the bicycle rental system as a supplement of sky train and bus.
The business idea is to establish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is foresee that in next 10 years, more and more people do not take the bus at peak times, but by
bike to avoid the crowds.
Our Public bicycle system is one of "remote circulation" model, the more the stations, the more
people use it. Thus, the revenue will increase. However, building station net works is the most
difficult problem the development of public bike system. If government will not sponsors this
program, a department or enterprise alone to establish rent houses is difficult to reach the
economical of scale. Therefore, the new business system will end result of high unsustainable costs.
For solving this problem, we should seek the cooperation from Vancouver government. Our
management team should formed by the Municipal Construction Commission, Public Transport
Group and all other relevant units. Urban management, traffic police, public transportation and
communities together selected stations address. All stations will located in sidewalks, parking lots,
bus stations and other public areas at a very low rent cost or even free.As the bicycle becoming an
important component of urban public transport part, the market orient mode will difficult to go
through. Our team explicitly proposed public bike should be implemented largely public operation.
Public bike rental system, hardware, software should be invested from the government budget.
To avoiding loss from stealing, our team will also cooperate with university of

Porter's Five Forces Analysis Essay
Five Forces Model:
The Threat of new entrants as per Porter's Five Forces Analysis for the PTO – Public Transport
operator in Singapore is considered low generally, since licenses of Rail has been continuously
running for up to 30 years and for buses for 10 years, meaning there is almost no risks nor
possibility of new entrants. Another reason would be the lack of chance for a new player of building
up proficiency to convince the Regulator of the capability to run the transportation services.
As for Dubai Transport System there is also no room for another operations to run any other
transport network nor to bid for the license to compete with RTA. However, In the future the
situation for the public Transportation service in Singapore is forecasted to change, if it agrees in
moving to the agreements model. It would turn to open up competition for the operating license as
quite feasibly to make the tenders available for packets of routes rather than to the entire network,
by this means they will be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The only way to avoid public transport is either to walk, ride a bicycle or own a car. Although the
bargaining power of customers is low and there is low customer concentration, but we highlight that
PTOs do not have the ability to set prices either, as Fares are controlled by the Regulator. Consensus
from speaking with Management from the PTOs is that if Fares are not kept affordable by the
Regulator, the incumbent Government may risk facing political repercussions at the ballot–box. To
summarise, customers of Fare based transport do not have the ability to directly influence prices on
the PTOs, but indirectly through the Regulator. Customers also have little bargaining power over
taxi fares. When fares do increase, customers can change their spending pattern, but they have
exhibited the tendency to eventually accept the new normal, and revert to their prior spending

VELIB, PARIS Essay
1. Introduction
Nowadays, transportation in urban area is highly complex as it involved various modes of
transportation, locations of the origins and destination and also the population of that particular
urban area. The focus of urban transport has been more on passengers as many major cities were
viewed as locations of utmost human interactions. Mostly, they move from one place to other place
for the purpose of commuting, commercial transactions, leisure or for cultural activities. Beside,
urban passenger transport system is one of the medium helping to have better quality of life for
every living community. It provides personal mobility and freedom for people to walk, use para–
transit vehicle or use other non motorized transport ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Naturally, as with every innovation, it will take to adapt and I have to emphasis that the rules must
be respected where necessary to ensure the safety of everyone, especially the most vuinerable
among us, pedestrians and cyclist!"
Bertrand Delanoe, Mayor of Paris.
(Quoted shortly after the inauguration of the Vélib system, July 2007.)
According to his inauguration, the Vélib system appoints the need of both personalized and mobility
and low carbon solutions for urban transport passenger system. The main modal for this system is to
provide low environments that reduce the impact of mobility service for large cities and urban
centers. For this application, Vélib use Cyclocity as the basic ideas to be user friendly as possible.
The main components of the system are the bike, the stations where they are attached and the
software that can track the bikes journey and the rental time of each journey made. One of the
common rationales cited by bike programs is that they provide an effective substitute for at least
some of the large numbers of short distance trips made by cars in urban areas, often with only one
person in the car. Such trips make poor use of scarce public resources, and of course carry with them
a heavy environmental burden.
If many passengers tend to use private vehicle, this objective cannot be achieved. However Paris has
been established as one of the country that

Designing A New Logistics Network
1. Question #1.
Part A: Describe how you would design a new logistics network consisting of only a single
warehouse.
To design a single–warehouse network, I would need to determine the optimal location of the
warehouse, its overall capacity, and the amount of space that will be allocated for each SKU or
product. A warehouse that is not strategically located in an equidistance manner to each region may
cause higher than normal transportation costs. If capacity is too low, inbound shipments could be
delayed and service levels will decline.
In addition, I would design a strategic transportation plan that coordinates inbound and outbound
shipments to reduce transportation costs and improve service levels. The warehouse will be
designed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Location of all retail outlets/customers, existing warehouses, and manufacturing plants
2. Information on products: number of SKUs, product families, product sizes and volumes
3. Annual customer demand, by regional zone and by total aggregation
4. Service level requirements of each retail outlet/customer
5. Proposed location of the new warehouse and transportation distances from the new location to
each retail outlet/customer
6. Transportation rates by available modes (i.e., rail, motor, etc.)
7. Fixed costs for running a central warehouse/distribution to determine optimal capacity versus cost
Part D: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the newly suggested distribution strategy
relative to the existing distribution strategy? The advantages of a centralized warehouse is higher
service levels and lower inventory holding costs due to aggregating customer demand and pooling
risk. That is, if customer demand is high in one region and lower in another, there will be no need to
hold excess inventory in a regional warehouse; the variation in demand will balance out and reduce
the requirements for excess inventory. Additionally, the fixed costs of maintaining one central
warehouse/distribution center will be lower than five regional warehouses. The disadvantages are
higher outbound transportation costs. Even with a strategic warehouse location, such as Kentucky,
there will bound to be retail outlets farther than others, such as San

Characteristics Affecting The Choice Of Road Carriers...
1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this assignment is to study the characteristics affecting the choice of road carriers
based on discrete choice. Different road carriers have different economic characteristics and are
consistent with its competition, shippers and carriers have different preferences when deciding on
the choice of road carrier. Currently, a surplus and scarcity of different transport infrastructures can
be seen in South Africa and various other developed and developing countries. Large communal
infrastructure which includes railways, airports, and seaports, cannot meet current freight demands.
Road transport in the form of highways offers surplus capacity for freight transport. Significantly
very little to no research has been done on road freight demand models compared to other modes of
transportation. The main cause for this is the absence of current and relevant freight demand data.
Freight demand data is an expensive and tedious process to obtain. In South Africa, freight is
progressively more transported by means of road; this results in a large variation of negative
philosophies, external effects including congestion, different types of pollution, and accidents. This
has led to public authorities attempting to reduce the road freight predominance.
2. TRANSPORTATION AND FREIGHT DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Transportation can be grouped into two transportation forms: This includes private
transportation and public transportation.
2.1.1 Public

How Could Magnetically Levitated Trains Relieve the...
Introduction
Transportation is one of the most essential spheres of human's life in such aspects as economic
growth, communication, tourism, and utilization of space. Thence, it is very important for it to have
minimal effect on the environment, be safe, cheap, comfortable, and fast in use. Conventional
transport, such as trains and airplanes, causes a number of problems including air pollution, high
amounts of energy consumption, huge need of maintenance, high prices, and risks of safety, thus not
being efficient enough. Therefore, new generation of transport must correspond to definite
requirements: be efficient, reliable, and environmentally sound. The technology of the new kind of
transport – magnetically levitated trains – could be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, according to Figure 2, the amount of CO2 increases with the rise of speed. Conventional
trains are also not efficient in economic aspect, since there is a demand for constant maintenance
(Figure 1), such as periodic replacement of gear, wheels, rails, etc., which may lead to huge financial
expenses. Figure 1. Comparison of Maglev and Wheel–On–Rail Systems. Source: H.–W. Lee, Kim,
and J. Lee 2006, 1917. Figure 2. The Energy Consumption of a Train Calculated for Different
Speeds and its CO2 –Emissions per Passengers. Source: Garcia, 2010, 41.
Air transport is constructed to be faster and more convenient than trains, however there are also
several burdens that are associated with airplanes. The most important aircraft problem is vast fuel
utilization – European Commission 2009 indicates that airplanes have huge CO2 emission – 51.5
gram per passenger–kilometer. In addition, serious risks of safety usually worry people, for instance,
there is a recent loss of Boeing–777 airplane with all the passengers, which is usually considered to
be very safe, and still cannot be found (Ranter 2014). Airplanes are also very dependent on weather
conditions, – as can be seen on Figure 3, number of delays lead to considerably high financial
expenses – more than 7 billions in 2012. Figure 3. Annual and Per–Minute Cost of Delays to U.S.
Airlines. Source: Airlines for America, 2012.
Maglev technology
Magnetic levitation

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics...
International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management
Emerald Article: International logistics and one–stop shopping Janjaap Semeijn, David B. Vellenga
Article information:
To cite this document: Janjaap Semeijn, David B. Vellenga, (1995),"International logistics and one–
stop shopping", International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 25 Iss:
10 pp. 26 – 44 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039510101780
Downloaded on: 01–04–2012 References: This document contains references to 27 other documents
Citations: This document has been cited by 2 other documents To copy this document:
permissions@emeraldinsight.com This document has been downloaded 2086 times.
Access ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
25 No. 10, 1995, pp. 26–44. © MCB University Press, 0960–0035
A preliminary version of this article was presented at the Western Decision Sciences Conference in
Maui, Hawaii, in April 1994.
Limitation The total number of integrated carriers which are in a position to provide onestop
shopping for international logistics to US shippers is estimated to number less than 30 worldwide.
The data obtained reflect the perceptions of ten of these carriers, yet they cannot provide the
statistical and analytical comfort that a survey of a larger population would yield. This study,
therefore, should be considered exploratory in nature, rather than providing conclusive results.
Definitions of one–stop shopping The term one–stop shopping, to describe total logistics service
packages, found usage in trade journals and carrier sales literature during the 1980s. Mahoney[10]
describes one–stop shopping as:
The multimodal carrier promises to become a transportation supermarket, where the shipper will be
able to satisfy all needs with "One–Stop Shopping". The shipper's shopping list will be fulfilled with
simplified documents from origin to destination and the shipper will receive an audited
computerized printout, just like the housewife at the checkout counter.
Logistics and one–stop shopping 27
Vellenga, et al.[9] associate one–stop shopping with: the image of a customer seeking to find
transportation enterprise that will accept the shipment, choose the most

Grandparent's Speech in Hindi
Reducing Costs through Production and Supply Chain Management by Vinod Lall
Executive Summary
There are numerous drivers of production and the supply chain, and there are several processes
under each driver. These processes are associated with high overheads and offer opportunities for
cost reduction. Cost reduction requires a complete knowledge and mapping of all costs, cycle times,
purchases, inventories, suppliers, customers, logistics, and other service providers throughout the
supply chain. Cost reduction in the supply chain often requires trade–off analysis amongst
conflicting alternatives using the total cost approach. Successfully achieving supply chain cost
savings requires the use of cross–functional teams with representation ... Show more content on
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These include component commonality, component modularity, and postponement. Component
commonality: The principle of component commonality focuses on the design and use of common
components for families of products. When there are a large number of products in a supply chain,
the inventory of components will naturally be large. Component commonality calls for the use of
common components in a variety of products. This reduces costs not only by reducing inventory
cost but also through reduced material cost, reduced production cost, and reduced product
obsolescence. For example, a computer manufacturer can design common components such as
memory and disk drives and use different combinations of these components to produce different
finished products. Component modularity: The principle of component modularity recommends that
common subsystems be designed as modules to meet a broad range of feature requirements. This
reduces the number of components that must be produced, kept in materials and repair parts
inventory, and integrated into the product during the production process. This reduces procurement,
manufacturing, and inventory costs, leading to a lower supply chain cost. Manufacturers of
electronic products, for example, use the principle of modularity to design and assemble printers,
computers, and so on. Postponement: Postponement means delaying the bringing of products into
their final form until close to the point of

Barna Loop Executive Summary
Barna Loop, Inc. is approaching a new era in the transportation industry. As the CEO of our
company you have a vested interest in our continued success. Barna Loop, Inc. is experiencing
tremendous growth and our executives must find alternative means to our current executive travel
transportation solutions. This new travel format must be accomplished economically yet in a manner
able keep each top level executive available to our customers at locations coast to coast within the
same working day. There has been a need for improved transportation solutions since our company
was in its infancy. However, now we have come to a critical point, since transportation and fuel
prices continue to rise, airports have increased security concerns and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
will be required to add the Hyperloop software application to all desktop computers, company
issued Smartphone's and tablets, as well as providing all eligible executives with free download to
their personal devices and laptops. These computer resources will enable the user to make a
reservation at a moment's notice from anywhere in the continental United States. This will eliminate
the excessive fees our current travel agents are charging the company at $50.00 for each reservation.
We will be hiring our own Software Application Developer to customize the Hyperloop application
to meet the needs of Barna Loop, Inc. "The average Software Applications Developer salary is
$73,705. In Oklahoma City, a Software Applications Developer can make $69,633, which is 5.5%
lower than the national median" (Software Applications Developer Salaries, 2017). Once software
development is complete, this position will transition into a Product Support Management role.
Retaining the same yearly salary, the position will "manage and update the Program's Computer
Resources Support Management Plan (CRSMP) when major changes occur". In order to achieve life
cycle sustainment of our Computer Resources the following will be part of the CRSMP's role
(Integrated Product Support (IPS) Element – Computer Resources,

Change in Transportation over Time
2010 COURSE NAME: CHY4U TEACHER: MR KING NAME: FAITH JOHN PRAISE
SUBMISSION DATE: OCTOBER 19TH 2010 HISTORY ISU– TRANSPORTATION OVER TIME
Transportation can be defined as the movement of goods or people from one place to another ,
transportation has been in existence for more than thousands of years , the change in transportation
over these years is a fact that cannot be overlooked neither can it be overemphasized, every detail in
the creation or making of the first modes of movement has an immense connection to how
movement is possible today and this paper will show how transportation began in the first place, the
very first wheel to be created in 3500BC (Herbst), the first river boat that was used ... Show more
These chariots were invented by the Mesopotamians and soon spread over to Rome, China, Greece
etc, at first they were used for royal funeral processions but soon it was used in war by the army
commanders who thought it was a good way to surprise their enemies. After these chariots the next
line of vehicles invented was the stage coach, this was mainly used to email letters from one country
to another, the first stagecoach was invented in the fifteen– hundreds and was in Hungary, by the
sixteen– hundreds these stagecoaches were able to travel along fixed routes to Europe and other
places of interest (Herbst). After the stagecoach in Hungary, the next invention was the covered
wagon; the covered wagon was invented in the eighteen– forties in the United States of America.
These are all the various trends and changes that took place before the invention of the automobile
that is used today. The first record of a powered vehicle is from AD sixteen– seventy, when a Jesuit
missionary from China built a cart driven by a steam turbine and by eighteen– forty it was
developed into the road locomotive, also in eighteen–sixty a French–man named Jean Joseph

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Transport
Tanya: Good morning Mr. Khanna
Mr. Khanna: Good morning Tanya
Tanya: How are you Mr. Khanna
Mr. Khanna: Not so great, been travelling a lot and its become so tiring.
Tanya: Oh I'm sorry. What's the problem?
Mr. Khanna: The long hours of train ride just from city to city is very tiring. I have to do it almost
twice a week. I don even end up spending so much time with my family. Spending time with family
is very important with me. However, travelling from city to city might take 8 hours or 10 hours as
well. When I come home, I'm very tired and just want to sleep. This makes me loose even more time
to spend with family.
Tanya: Well Mr. Khanna I would like to tell you something. Trains have existed on the earth for
many years now. They first started off by trading goods from countries to country. Then came the
idea of taking people from one place to another. Train is something that is an affordable mode of
transportation which is helpful to many people. However, trains take a long time to get from places
to places because there can be a few problems that can occur because of the trains moving faster.
Trains take such a long time to get from city to city which results in uncomfortable journeys and
wasting time for long hours. Since we live in a growing global economy we require faster, cheaper,
safer and more efficient transportation modes. Our roads, airports, and ports are congested. We
haven't had a major new form of transport in 100 years, and we're due for one,

Supply Chain Management And Logistics Essay
Supply Chain management and logistics are an extremely important functions of an organization. In
this research paper, we will be discussing an aspect of supply chain and logistics that I am interested
in, how both are related and different, key activities in supply chain and logistics, and the ethics and
social responsibility in both supply chain and logistics management.
Logistics is a vital component of supply chain management. Both involve the planning, carrying out
and management of goods, services and information from the point of origin to the point of
consumption. Logistics aligns the multifaceted pattern of traffic and transportation, shipping and
receiving, import and export operations, warehousing, inventory management, purchasing,
production planning and customer service. Organizations, like the one I work for, see logistics as a
critical design of the supply chain. When organizations incorporate logistics as a key component of
the business plan, they can use it to manage, coordinate and monitor resources needed to move
products in a smooth, timely, cost effective and reliable manner.
Like Logistics, Supply Chain Management is an essential element of operational efficiency. The
impact that supply chain has on our organization is substantial and exponential. Two of the main
ways SCM affects business include: boosts customer service and our overall bottom line. Supply
chain impacts our customer service by making sure the right product assortment and quantity are

Role Of Transportation Engineering And Development Of India
Role of Transportation Engineering Agencies in the Development of India: A Review
1Vivek Kumar Sharma, 2Sitesh Kumar Singh
1B.Tech, Civil Engineering, 2nd Year, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India – 325003
2Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
– 325003
E–mail: 1vs5322549@gmail.com, 2siteshlpu@gmail.com
Abstract
The Government of India recognizes the importance of the private sector in bridging the resource
gap in investment and improving the operational and managerial efficiency in the transport sector in
order to address capacity constraints and deficiencies in the existing transport infrastructure and
meet rapidly growing demand. The Government is actively pursuing policies to promote private
sector involvement in the development of transport infrastructure and services.
The experience in involving the private sector in transport development in India is the focus of the
paper. It provides a broad overview of government policies and various initiatives that have been
undertaken to promote private participation following various models. It also discusses
achievements made in different subsectors and draws some conclusions on major policies.
The development of a nation is now a day fully related to the development of transportation
infrastructures. The development of good roads leads to proper transportation of passengers and
goods. The transportation engineering agencies in India are working very

Taking a Look at Logistics Management
The primary aim of logistics is to co–ordinate the transportation, storage and handling of products as
they move from the source of raw materials, through the manufacturing system to their final point of
sale in a way that it meets customer requirements at minimum cost. In the past this cost has been
defined in purely monetary terms. Recently the world has witnessed an increasing awareness about
environmental and sustainability issues. This growing concern for the environment has a created
pressure on companies to reduce their negative environmental impact. As defined by ISO14001, the
environmental impact is "a modification of the environment, negative or beneficial, resulting wholly
or partially from environmental aspects of an organization ". Since the transportation of goods leads
to air and noise pollution, leads to fatal accidents sometimes and has significant impact on global
warming, firms have been trying to render their supply chains and logistics operations more
environmental friendly. That this why many Green logistics strategies have been devised in order to
achieve an efficient and environmentally friendly distribution and transportation system.
In this paper we will discuss what exactly is green logistics, and why green logistics strategies have
gained attention recently. We will then introduce some of these green strategies and their benefits.
We will finally discuss some of the challenges facing green logistics
What is Green Logistics?
In this part we

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