Day1_Theme1_Sophia Huyer
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Presentation at the 5th Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture. Title: Gender Transformation in Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Framework for Action Speaker: Sophia Huyer
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Day1_Theme1_Sophia Huyer
- 1. Gender Transformation in Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Framework for Action Sophia Huyer 8th October 2019
- 2. Gender Transformation in through CSA Credit Mavis Derigubah
- 3. Gender and CSA CSA Implementation Policy & institutional change CSA, gender and social inclusion Partnerships and capacity for scaling CSA Monitoring, Evaluation & Learning Comms & Knowledge Management Key: Ongoing activities Cross-cutting work Approach Objectives Closing the gender gap with Information, institutions and services Promoting women’s leadership and decision making in policy at all levels Field-based evidence on what works for gender equality and women’s empowerment Building mechanisms to engender finance
- 4. What is gender transformation in agriculture? • Empowerment, at the individual level challenges power relations, formal and informal rules and practices that constrain opportunities, includes increased control over assets, resources, and knowledge. Individual women, through increased agency, increase their bargaining power in both public and personal lives (Sen 1997; Batliwala 1994; Moser 2017). A result of gender equality – “equivalent to” • Gender transformation is large scale structural changes that result from individual empowerment of women in gender and social power relations, and which usher in full economic and political participation (Moser 2017)
- 5. Hariharan et al, 2019
- 6. Women’s empowerment and gender transformation in the context of climate change and agriculture Components Recognition & agency: women as active agents Opportunities Decision making Women are recognised as able to make choices in their lives; capacity to take action, pursue their goals, express voice and influence and make their own decisions An expanding range of options and opportunities to choose from and take advantage of (Van Eerdewijk, et al. 2017; Galie et al, 2017; Kabeer, 2018) Institutional structures Social arrangements of formal and informal rules and practices: social and gender norms Influence actors’ capacities to exercise agency and innovate (Beuchelt and Badstue, 2013; Kantor et al, 2017; Cole et al, 2014) Access to resources Van Eerdewijk et al, 2017 Cole et al, 2014 Technology Lack of technologies for women’s work; resources to obtain and operate, socio- economic barriers (Kantor et al, 2017; Huyer, 2016; Carr and Hartl, 2010) Enable decreased workloads; increased production; ability to take advantage of new opportunities Collective action such as SHGs “The project of women's empowerment is dependent on collective solidarity in the public arena as well as individual assertiveness in the private. Women's organizations and social movements in particular have an important role to play in creating the conditions for change and in reducing the costs for the individual (Kabeer, 1999)”
- 7. Global National Landscape / region Community Farm Household ♀♂ ♀♂♀♂ Policy&institutionalchange CSAimplementation Promote women’s enhanced voice in policy-making and governance at all levels Greater exercise of agency Gender equal access & control over resources Field-based evidence on what works for GE and women’s empowerment Close gender inequalities in access, use and benefit from institutions and services Build mechanisms to engender finance Increase local institutional effectiveness Build evidence on what works in CSA Foster coherence between climate & agricultural policies Link climate and agricultural finance Gender equal benefits from technology Addressing Institutions and norms that constrain women Gender empowerment and CSA Decreased labour burdens Inter sectonality
- 8. A- Baobab tree, B- Women processing baobab fruit powder, C-Training of women in processing baobab fruit processing, D- Processed baobab fruit powder Ouedraogo et al 2017 Working with women in CSA
- 9. Closing the gender gap with information Gumucio, T., Hansen, J., Huyer, S., & van Huysen, T. (2019). Gender-responsive rural climate services: a review of the literature. Climate and Development, 0(0),
- 10. Leadership and decision making A. Khatri-Chhetri and N. Chanana, 2018 Women’s groups reaping the benefits of solar energy for irrigation in Nepal’s Climate-Smart Villages
- 12. Thank you JL Urrea (CCAFS)
Editor's Notes
- Based on the Lipper framework on CSA, which identifies four areas of action to promote “coordinated actions by farmers, researchers, private sector, civil society and policymakers towards climate-resilient pathways They are: (1) build evidence to support CSA; (2) increase local institutional effectiveness; (3) foster coherence between climate and agricultural policies; and (4) link climate and agricultural finance The gender aspects of these are:
- Gallie et al 2017 Recognition / agency Acknowledgement of identities and associated roles individuals take in society. Capacity for action, pursuing goals, expressing voice and influence, exercising leadership, having a voice in society and making decisions free from violence and retribution. Expanding repertoire of options, opportunities and capacities which can open up livelihood options and increase status in households and communities. Influencing decisions that affect one’s life and choices. Distribution of resources Use of resources and access to means of survival Opportunities Individuals make use of the resources they access and have right to self-determination. This is connected to Agency (below) Decision making Individuals participate in decision making that affects their lives at all levels Institutional structures Social arrangements of formal and informal rules and practices which determine and define agency as well as control over resources; include power relations and gender / social norms. In the household/family, community, market and state. Affect ability to access and act on available resources and technologies Resources Tangible and intangible capital and other sources of power, individually or collectively in the exercise of agency. Include: land, skills; time; social capital; credit; agricultural inputs and services; and information. Women as actors / collective action: a platform solidarity, support, and pooling of resources; increases confidence Women are primary actors in the process of change to empowerment while working with, and with the acceptance, of men Technology constraints: Women adopt and benefit from it less than men for a range of reasons: profitability, suitability, planning and research processes overlook women’s activities and preferences (Ragosa, 2012) lack of resources to buy or implement technology; lack of access to information or training through extension, ICT, or other means; and education level (Jost et al 2016; Huyer 2016; Cohen et al 2016) infrastructure, land ownership, education and the number of extension visits (Tanellari et al 2014) lack of technology available for women’s activities (Carr & Hartl 2010; van Koppen 2012; Murray et al 2016) Technology design and implementation needs to build and respond to women’s knowledge, priorities and perspectives Laser land levelling (Aryal et al 2015) Rice drum seeders (Khan et al 2016) Women’s knowledge and innovative capacity make important contributions to climate-resilient agriculture Better fodder for animals to increase milk production, larger pots for washing rice (Shaw & Kristjanson 2013) Honduras eco-stoves and improved agroforestry management systems (Hottle, 2015) Enables women to develop new opportunities Reduced labor burdens lead to freedom to choose new activities (Alkire et al. 2013)