Presentation, Global Affairs Canada workshop on Achieving Canadaโs Feminist International Assistance Policy through Agriculture and Food Systems, September 6-7, 2017, Ottawa, Canada.
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Gender-transformative innovation and the SDGs
1. Sophia Huyer, Gender and Social Inclusion Leader
September 7, 2017
Gender-transformative
innovation and the SDGs
2. Key issues for gender-transformative
innovation
โข Increasing womenโs resilience and capacity is critical in all SDG
areas, including agriculture, but not adequately supported by
technology and innovation
โข Women are agents of change: Womenโs choices and
preferences in technology and innovation need to be identified and
addressed
โข They need access to the range of resources required for innovative
capacity: land, labor, credit, information, extension, including
appropriate technologies
โข The role of innovation to rectify inequities as well as promote
gender equality needs to be explored, in terms of:
๏ง Womenโs access to and control of resources and capital
๏ง Support to womenโs agency and status,
๏ง Increased decision making and leadership at household, community and
and national levels
3. Paths forward:
1. Promoting womenโs economic
empowerment / womenโs leadership
โข Involves access to and control of
resources including land, labor,
credit, information, extension,
and technology
โข Increase quality and quantity of
production
โข Increase womenโs decision
making about the use of
resources and income, at
household and community levels
โข Promising approach: working
through and with womenโs
organizations at local and
national levels โ Solar Irrigation
with Women in Nepal
6. Criteria for gender-transformative
technology:
โข Meets womenโs needs, as defined and articulated by women
โข Reduces work burden of women and girls โ does not add to their HH labour
obligations
โข Improves quality and quantity of production
โข Improves nutrition and food security
โข Women have access to resources required to access, maintain and benefit
from technologies (e.g., credit/finance, information, training, access/transport to
markets)
โข Men are not alienated by the introduction of new technologies for women
โข Gender roles around workload and distribution of benefits are analysed so that
unequal patterns are not reinforced
โข Technologies are introduced in โgapโ areas, or new innovations provide a
window for new opportunities for women
โข Women develop new capacities, realized by themselves and recognized by
others, which can open up other livelihood options
โข Women are able to assert leadership or control in some way over the use of
and benefits of the technologies, either in collaboration with their husbands,
with the support of their husbands, or through womenโs organizations
Yenagi et. al. 2010; Vijayalakshmiet al. 2010; Carr and Hartl, 2010; Huyer, 2016; Edmunds et al, 2013;
Beuchelt and Badstue, 2013; Kantor et al, 2015; Hottle, 2015
7. Partnerships and approaches: Whatโs missing
โข Women are innovators at all levels and need support to expand their innovative
capacity and agriculturalโbased livelihoods at local and community levels
โข Scaling out and up successful innovations for women and the SDGs at
community and national levels is critical
โข Blended approaches between government, NGOs, and the private sector are
needed to develop, support and access markets for womenโs innovative
activities
โข Researchers and government need to develop and support promising
sustainable models for supporting womenโs resilience and adaptive capacity,
based on their priorities
โข Policy at national, global and organizational levels is needed that recognizes
womenโs role in promoting resilience and meeting food security and nutrition
needs in the developing world
โข Policy processes should go beyond numerical representation of women to
create active mechanisms to express opinions, take initiatives, and in uence
decisions.
โข Needs assessments that explicitly distinguish between womenโs and menโs
priorities and opportunities should inform policy and programme design
โข What is the role of the global development and climate funds to support
women?
Womenโs organizations are an effective way to promote womenโs leadership and economic empowerment
Gender-transformative technologies take into account gender norms and practices as well as womenโs priorities, and increase capacities.
This example:
Womenโs choice / priorities for technology
Easing workloads
Cost of implementation
Examples:
LLL in North-west India
Micro-dosing in Zimbabwe
Rice Drum-seeders in Maharashtra
In the case of Rice Drum-seeders in Maharashtra, India:
Men have a greater say over how the family spends the cash and accordingly have a higher willingness to pay for attributes that increase income (increase in yield) or reduce cash costs (reduction in the seed rate). Women contribute a large share of the labor for transplanting rice, much of which is unpaid work on family farms.
As a result, women value labor saving significantly more than their male counterparts.
Examples of promising approaches:
Mobile phone information systems in India
Mobile phone access in Ghana
Shamba Shakeup in Kenya
Agricultural training in Vietnam
Different kinds of information
Research in Senegal kinds of weather and climate information needed also differ along gender lines. Women farmers in Dioly, Senegal planted their crops a month later than men, so that it was more important for them to know when the rains would end, rather than the start of the rainy season. They were also more interested in information on drought / early cessation of rainfall.
Broader range of information than just agricultural production โ Cramer et al
Reduce work burden of women and girls โ do not add to their HH labour obligations โ not added to their existing activities, but make existing activities less burdensome and time-consuming
Men are not alienated by the introduction of new technologies for women โ if they are not informed/nvolved, they can be resistant to new approaches or technologies that disrupt the way things are done. This can involve including men in training on new technologies; in information sessions so they understand how and why the technologies will benefit them and their households; involving men in development of new technologies and innovations; participatory technology development approaches can be an efffective approach
Often working in โgapโ areas, or new approaches can provide a window for new opportunities for women โ for example pond aquaculture worked for women because it was a new area, and roles and benefits had not been entrenched.