Iot Essay

Iot Essay
CHAPTER– 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1.INTRODUCTION TO SMART LIGHTING INNOVATION п
ѓ Everyday people expect new device and
technology to simplify their day to day life. Lighting devices are operated by the mechanical switches. In this system necessary operator is physically
present to operator the switches and operate cannot control the switches from any other places. пѓ So to overcome this type of problem we can design
IoT technology based system for lighting appliances which can be control from any remote places though web based graphical user interface. пѓ This
system is a means that allow users to control electric appliances of varying kind. The goal of this project is to operate home appliances smartly
through a web server using IoT. IoT is the network of "things" or physical objects which includes electronics, software, sensors, actuators and network
connectivity. All these things collect and transfer data between themselves. People have more knowledge about these technologies and are more
comfortable with its use. пѓ We have two blocks in our system. Transmitter block client and Receiver block user respectively. пѓ In the transmitter
block, the client is check and control appliances like bulb. Microcontroller is control the appliances with Feedback unit. Client is operating different
lights a different mode like morning, evening and night. пѓ In the receiver block, server is connected to Wi–Fi and receives the signal. As well as
perform to the received signal with return feedback.
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Logistics And Operation Of Bts Power System
A. Introduction CE 1.1.1 I joined Grameenphone Ltd. on 25th October 2007 in the Position, "System Engineer" in Regional Operation & Maintenance
Unit under Operations Department of Technology Division. As a field engineer, I had to move Rangpur, a major city in Bangladesh where my main
objective was to do Preventive Maintenance and Operation of BTS Power System. I worked there till 30th June 2011. CE 1.1.2 Grameenphone Ltd. is
countrywide GSM Network operator in Bangladesh. Started in 1997, they have the succeeded to have highest number of market and revenue share. It
is a joint venture enterprise between Telenor (55.8%), the largest telecommunications service provider in Norway with mobile phone operations in 12
other countries, and Grameen Telecom Corporation (34.2%), a non–profit organization of Bangladesh. The other 10% shares belong to general retail
and institutional investors. B. Background Knowledge base CE 1.2.1From my child hood my surrounding makes me interested on different kind of
tools, uses of electricity and their basic theorem, different mechanical combination. From my high school, I have an enthusiasm for science and
mathematics. I used to read different science magazine, from which I always tried to acquire as much knowledge as possible. After finishing my
college education with good result I set my aim to be an engineer and admitted in to Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) in Khulna University
of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh

Technology Standards For The Outsourcing Of The Software
Technology Standards
The first technology standard relating to the outsourcing of the software writing would be the Base Operating System. The two teams must decide
on a base OS to be used. This will allow for easier sharing, troubleshooting, and future support of the product. This need for this standard is because
most programing software packages offer solutions for Windows, Linux, Unix, MAC. The issue arises if one team is using one OS platform and the
other is using another, even if they are using the same application to write the code there may be differences which could cause problems in future bug
fixes.
The idea of a standard platform goes beyond the writing suite and extends into all expects of the work. This primary standard will be a basis for all
other applications chosen by the company from email to collaboration.
The Second concern would be the level of encryption for the SSL VPN. The level indicated by the India group is very poor and considered unsecure
by most measures. The ability to break the encryption is much easier with the lower bit encryption used. Both teams need to agree on a minimum
encryption to use that would be both secure enough to ensure that data is not compermised but yet not so intrusive to the data that causes lag in
transmission. The outsourcing company in India would should have a good understanding of the legal specifications of encryption for data moving
between the 2 companies. Generally there is a max encryption put in

Design A Functional Prototype Of Monitoring System
1.0INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this project is to design a functional prototype of monitoring system for a security purpose and the system use WIFI as a transmission
medium.
Standard monitoring systems such as CCTV use cable to connect from a camera to the monitoring station. This project is intended to use a wireless
transmission to transmit video from camera to monitoring station. This project also to overcome the power supply issues of main power supply to
operate the device. The uninterruptible power supply is use as a main power supply to prevent disturbance that may cut off the power supply.
It is important to get high quality video display on monitor and the video can be transmitting to the monitoring station via WIFI.
1.0PROBLEM STATEMENT
These days, most devices and applications for remote monitoring purposes are suffering with power supply disruption and limited access of
monitoring place. This is due to the place where device is installed that far from power grid and also due to the limited control room for monitoring
stations. In that case, if there is a sudden failure in power supply, the devices will not functioning. This remote monitoring system use a solar panel as
a power input because this application base on green technology. Green technology mean that this device not use plug n play concept but use solar
panel as a source to operate the system. The failure of the device to function will give impact to the devices that has to recorded,

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Switch Mode Power Supply
Packaging is a process to eliminate the direct contact between product and environment. In every small and big industry, it is necessary to seal and
package the product for protecting from environment and for better life of the product. In 19th century, industries were using candles for sealing. In
last few years, many sealing machines were developed. These machines are highly automated, which have very high cost. So, these machines are not
affordable by small scale industries. In small industries, they are using impulse heat sealer machine. But, there are losses of plastic packaging material
due to manually press. To overcome these problems, we will design a machine, which is semi–automatic and less laborious and which will have less
initial... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 4.5 Air Storage Tank
Compression of air creates heat; hence, after compression, air is warmer. Expansion removes heat; hence it is required to give heat after compression,
because after expansion, the air will be much colder. If the heat generated after compression can be stored in the storage tank and used during
expansion, the efficiency of the storage tank can be improved Solenoid Operated Direction Control Valve
Direction Control Valve (DCV) allows the air flow to flow in different paths from different resources. It contains a spool inside, which is electrically
controlled by solenoid. Figure 4.6 5/2 Solenoid operated direction control valve
For actuation of double acting cylinder, we can use 4/2 or 5/2 direction control valve. But in Pneumatic system, air is exhausted to atmosphere.
Hence, there is no requirement of return lines. Also, construction of 5/2 is easier than 4/2 valve. Hence, cost of 5/2 valve is less than 4/2 valve.
Tubes For Air Delivery
There are different materials used for tubing in pneumatic systems: Polyurethane PVC Nylon Polyethylene Teflon–PTFE (polytetrafluroethylene)
Figure 4.7 Teflon

Propeller Display
Contents
i.Abstract 5 ii. List of figures6
Chapter 1. Introduction7
1.1 Literature survey8
1.2 Block Diagram9
1.3 Overview of Project10
1.4 Overview of Block Diagram11
Chapter 2. Hardware Design12
2.1 Interrupter Module13
2.2 Mechanical Assembly15
2.3 Power Supply Module18
Chapter 3. Software Design19
3.1 Overview of software used20
3.2 Algorithm21
3.3 Flow Chart 22
3.4 Pseudo Code23
Chapter 4. PCB Design25
4.1 PCB designing steps25
Chapter 5.Results and Conclusion26
5.1 Interrupt module testing results27
5.2 DC motor RPM ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...

That's why this project is named as 'PROPELLER LED DISPLAY'
Basic principle behind this project:
POV (Persistance Of Vision):
This is the phenomenon which is related to vision capability of human eye by which an after– image is thought to persist for approximately 1/25th of a
second. So, if someone is observing the images at a rate of 25 images per second, then they appear to be continuous. The best example of this
property is the red circle we observe when we rotate the firecracker or incense stick in circle.
1.4 OVERVIEW OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
In this section we will emphasize on detailed overview of each of the block shown in previous block diagram. In every description of the block
respective schematics and working is explained.
The propeller display consists of following blocks, as shown in the block diagram.
1.Interrupter Module
2.Microcontroller
3.LED module
4.DC motor
5.DC power supply
1.Interrupter Module
Interrupter module is our sensor module, consisting of the IR interrupt sensor MOC7811, from Motorola Inc. This sensor was selected from a variety
of other alternatives, because of its small size, precise interrupt sensing, and sturdy casing.
One great advantage of using this module is, interfacing it with the microcontroller is just a matter of two resistors and a general purpose transistor.
Following is the complete circuit diagram of our

Frequency Response Characteristics of a System
In a research article [9], the frequency response characteristics of the system can be altered when the harmonic distortion levels are not within the
acceptable limits through changing sizes or locations of the capacitor, by changing source characteristics, or by design a harmonic filter. Filters are the
most common solution as it can provide reactive power support at the fundamental frequency and a low impedance path for one or more harmonic
current components to flow. The filter elements must be specifically designed to withstand the harmonic components along with the fundamental
frequency voltages and currents. Common method for filter design is by utilizing one single–tuned shunt filter first, designed for the lowest generated
harmonic (typically 5th) and it is advisable to use capacitors with a higher voltage rating than the system. Determine the voltage distortion level at the
bus. The commonly applied limit of 5% (total harmonic distortion – THD) was presented in IEEE Standard 519–1981. If required, determine if the
harmonic current levels meet IEEE Standard 519–1992. If not, there may be a need for multiple filters (i.e., 5th and 7th). Vary the filter elements
according to the specified tolerances and check its effectiveness. Lastly, by checking the frequency response characteristic to verify that the newly
created parallel resonance is not close to a generated harmonic frequency (i.e., the 7th harmonic filter may create a new 5th harmonic resonance). The
article

Light Fidelity (Li-Fi)
INTRODUCTION For years, infrared LED has been merely a system for piping light around corners and into the inaccessible places to allow the
hidden to be lighted. But now, infrared LED has evolved into a system of significantly greater importance and use. Throughout the world, it is now
being used to transmit voice, television and data signals as light waves. Its advantages as compared with conventional coaxial cable or twisted wire
pairs are manifold. As a result, millions of dollars are being spent to put these light wave communication systems into operation. One of the most
interesting developments in recent years in the field of telecommunication is the use of laser light to carry information over large distances. It has been
proved in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
RECEIVER SECTION:– This section is worked as a Flip–flop (Bistable). IC–3 is decade counter, its Pin No.14 is input and Pin No. 2 output. The
output of frequency detector stage is used, via a flip–flop, to switch 'ON' or switch 'OFF' a LED alternately. The receiver uses infrared modules
IR–signal from the transmitter is sensed by the sensor through and its output PIN 1 goes low and switched LED. IC–3 is worked on clock pulse which
receives to infrared modules at Pin No. 14. Its output at Pin No 2 throughes high. The output of IC–2 is also used for lighting LED–1 indicating
presence of signal. When no signal is available output of sensor module goes high and transistor LED is switched 'OFF'. When another signal arrives,
LED is switched 'ON' and through clock pulse at Pin No. 14 of IC–3. This makes the LED to switch 'ON' the appliance at first pulse and 'OFF' the
appliance at its Second pulse arrived at its sensor. Transmitter circuits works satisfactorily with 6–9V DC. Battery but receiver circuits needs 6V
regulated supply. The CAMD CM8870/70C provides full DTMF receiver capability by integrating both the band–split filter and digital decoder
functions into a single 18–pin DIP, SOIC,or 20–pin PLCC package. The CM8870/70C is manufactured using state–of–the–art CMOS process
technology for low power consumption (35mW, MAX) and precise data handling. The filter section uses a switched capacitor technique for both high
and low group filters and dial tone rejection. The

Welding Research Paper
GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) is more economic; Springer reports that " GMAW is an economic process because it has higher speeds and
higher deposition rates than manual arc welding. There is also no need to constantly change electrodes" ( Page 11). GMAW has a higher speed,
which means that you can get the job done faster. It also has high deposition rates which makes the weld look clean and smooth." This method can
be used for a high range of work, but it is not suited for repair work because of it's weld quality" (Page 4). This process can be used for many
variations of work including root welds, joints, T's, butts, laps, and many more applications. Even though its used for many practices, it is not
recommended to use this method for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
110v machines are basically for starters, they don't provide a lot of working time like a 220v would. " TIG welding produces a small arc, and this makes
it perfect for welding high–heat conductivity materials like aluminum. TIG was created to weld dissimilar metals" (Page 1). This process was made to
weld high–heat conductivity metals like aluminum and dissimilar metals like Stainless Steel and Aluminum. TIG welding is most commonly used to
weld thin sections of alloy steel, stainless steel and non–ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys. The process grants the
operator greater control over the weld than other welding processes, allowing for stronger, higher quality welds. TIG welding is more complex and
difficult to master than other welding types, and is slower than other types.
GMAW( Gas Metal Arc Welding) is a process that produces high productivity.Kodi Welch indicates that " GMAW offers high productivity; the
ability to weld on thin and thick metals; to help reduce weld defects, and the process can be used in all positions" ( Page 1). GMAW is very
productive, and thats why its used in many applications. It is also used to weld in all positions, you can weld on your knees, or standing up etc.
Doityourself believes that" MIG welding is simple to use and it is efficient. It requires attention to safety as well as attention to the process that makes
the

Design and Construction of a 500 Watt Power Invereter
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 500 WATT POWER INVERETER
BY
NAME HERE
REGISTRATION NUMBERE HERE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
CROSS RIVER UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CALABAR CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract
The urgent need for an alternative source of power supply to meet the power requirement of the Average home in Nigerian, particularly during times of
total blackout, forms the basis for which the development of this cost–effective, reliable and tropicalised Power Inverters was undertaken. The
developed Inverter is required to provide a 500VA of analternating current (AC) output power at a frequency of 50Hz from a 12V direct current (DC)
battery source. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this warning period, one can save the data and switch off the computer safely. But during the low–battery indication, if the computer or load is
not switched off, it remains on back–up mode. After the end of back–up time, system switches off automatically, due to activation of battery's deep
discharge cut–out circuit, which reduces the power consumption from the battery to a negligible value of about 90mA.
Fig1.0 block diagram for the propose 500VA power inverter
1.2 SCOPE OF THE WORK
The scope of this project is to Designed and constructs a prototype that can be used in powering any electrical appliance that required mains voltage

from 220v to 240v. The project is limited to a 500VA power inverter, how it work, and its applications. The inverter will incorporate a battery charger
an automatic change over that will enable auto back up within 1ms on the event or occurrence of power cut.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
The objective of the study is to develop a realizable inverter design that would be reliable, cost effective, efficient, and maintainable. The inverter is to
be powered from a 12Vdc/40Ah battery source and it is to generate a 220VAC/50Hz with a power rating 500VA. Other objectives of the study include:
i) The Development of an inverter with the desired frequency and voltage rating capable of providing the power requirement needed to

Automatic Active phase selector
Abstract:
Phase absence is a very common and severe problem in any industry, home or office. Many times one or two phases may not be live in three phase
supply. Because of this, many times, some electrical appliances will be on in one room and OFF in another room. This creates a big disturbance to our
routine work.
This project is designed to check the availability of any live phase, and the load will be connected to the particular live phase only. Even a single
phase is available, and then also, the load will be in ON condition.
The aim of this project is to construct a single phasing monitor and prevention system using 8bit microcontroller. Anti–single phasing relays or single
phasing preventer are required for critical loads and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It deals with the block diagram of the project and explains the purpose of each block. In the same chapter the explanation of microcontrollers, power
supplies, LCD and Relays are considered.
3. Presents the software description. It explains the implementation of the project using PIC C Compiler software.
4 . Presents the project description along with relay interfacing to microcontroller.
5. Presents the advantages, disadvantages and applications of the project.
6. Presents the results, conclusion and future scope of the project.
Automatic Phase Selection
Page 3
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Introduction:
The block diagram of the project and design aspect of independent modules is considered. Block diagram is shown in fig:
FIG1:

Block diagram of Automatic phase selector system
Page 4
The main blocks of this project are:
1. Micro controller (PIC16F72)
2. Crystal oscillator
3. Reset
4. Regulated power supply (RPS)
5. LED Indicator
6. Relay
7. LCD
PIC Microcontroller:
Fig2 :PIC Microcontrollers
Page 5
Introduction to PIC Microcontrollers:
PIC stands for Peripheral Interface Controller given by Microchip Technology to identify its single–chip microcontrollers. These devices have been
very successful in 8–bit microcontrollers. The main reason is that Microchip Technology has continuously upgraded the device architecture and added
needed peripherals to the microcontroller to suit customers' requirements.

Widget Wonders Case Study
Widget Wonders is an overall pioneer in widgets and are presently assembling a best in class office to make and circulate the up and coming era of
widgets. This new office will be the primary assembling and appropriation focus in the United States and will contain the accompanying five offices:
deals, fabricating, stock control, innovative work, and Management Information Systems (MIS). SNHUConsulting, a pioneer in data innovation, has
been held to execute data innovation on the development and to join the system in the new office to the fundamental system that is situated at their
central command. I have been requested that make proposals on the PC equipment segments for the development. Widget Wonders has given
SNHUConsulting the relevant... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The versatility in this division will advantage more with tablets since they might be moving around the office, alongside docking stations for
charging. Since these tablets need access to the database frameworks I would propose no less than 32 GB of capacity alongside direct access to
the database frameworks. Stock control will likewise require printers. Surge defenders and UPSs ought to be likewise used alongside USB 3.0.
The innovative work office has 20 representatives that require illustrations and PC supported outline (CAD) programs. I would suggest tablets and
desktop PCs for the bigger stockpiling. They will likewise require specific printers to print out their plans a UPS. They would likewise require
various LCD screens keeping in mind the end goal to see the representation and plans, surge defenders and USB 3.0. The last division is the
Management Information Systems (MIS) comprises of just 5 workers and require extra processor and memory prerequisites to bolster organization
undertakings. MIS would profit by both desktop, tablets and notepads that are good with every one of the applications all through the office. They
would require docking stations, media screen ability for the administrating errands, UPS, USB 3.0, and surge

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Load Shedding
In recent years, there has been a rise in the demand of power (electricity). This is due to the development of cities, urban, sub–urban and rural areas and
robust economic growth. The increased demand has exhausted the surplus power generation available, thus demand cannot be meet (Eskom).
The aging of the available infrastructure and increased demand has caused the power supply voltage to become unstable. As a result, there is a need to
implement emergency control actions, to prevent blackout (a country–wide power system trip) (Eskom).
There two ways to stabilize power supply, first approach is a Corrective approach, where new power stations are built, existing infrastructures are
upgraded and new maintenance plans are developed and followed. This approach is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that, by applying load shedding, damage to power systems is prevented.
Load shedding restores power system stability (Feng, Ajjarapu & Maratukulam 1998).
Disadvantages of Load Shedding
If a load shedding program is poorly designed, it will be ineffective and can even worsen the stress load exerted on the supply leading to cascading
disruptions (Concordia, Fink & Poullikkas 1995).
Load shedding results in unsatisfied customers and loss of revenue for the supplier (Shah & Shahidehpour 1989).
When power is restored after load shedding, surge occurs and this can damage apparatuses and appliances (Eskom).
Reflections
Load shedding is an emergency control action. This control action is implemented as a result of stress experienced on the power supply system where
the required power is more that the generated power from the power system. The stress experienced is a result of increased demand, where the
available infrastructures cannot handle. Also it might be caused by aging of available

An Overview Of Maximum Power Point Tracking
MPPT: An overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking
Only 30 to 40 percent of the incident solar irradiation converts into electrical energy by solar panel. For improve the efficiency of the solar panel
Maximum power point tracking technique is used, which track the maximum power of solar panel.
The Maximum Power Point Tracking works on the impedance matching theory.
When the Thevenin impedance of the circuit (source impedance) matches with the load impedance maximum power output of a circuit is obtain. this is
according to maximum power transfer theorem.
Boost converter is connected to a solar panel in source side which is used in order to enhance the output voltage that can be used for different
applications.
Source impedance and load impedance can match by appropriately changing the duty cycle of the boost converter.
Different MPPT techniques:
Few of the most popular techniques used to track the maximum power point is as below:
1) Perturb and Observe (hill climbing method) 2) Incremental Conductance method
3) Fractional short circuit current
4) Fractional open circuit voltage
5) Neural networks
6) Fuzzy logic
1.Perturb & Observe:
In Perturb & obserbe (P&O) only one sensor is used that is voltage sensor which is used to sense the PV array voltage.
The cost of this method is less and it is easy to implement. Time taken by this method is very less. On the reaching to the MPP it doesn't stop at MPP
and keeps on perturbing on the both the directions.
Rapid change of

Automatic Street Light System
Automatic Street Light Control System Using LDR and IC555 Timer
Hafiz Saad Khaliq(11TC03)1, Mohammad Hunain Khan(11TC41)2, Syed Zulfiqar Haider Bukhari(11TC51)3, Syed Noor–ul–Hassan
Bukhari(11TC63)4, Ahmad Faheem Alam(11TC10)5,Javed Iqbal(11TC20)6
Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University College of Engineering & Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
engr.sadi03@gmail.com1, engr.hunain@gmail.com2 , szhb92@gmail.com3, syednoorulhassanbukhari@gmail.com4, Faheemalam2012@gmail.com5,
engr.shahid333@gmail.com6
Abstract– This project Automatic Street Light Control System aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for
energy saving of street lights by using light dependent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here, we will implement this project by using 555 timers IC. Other basic components which we used are power supply, Light Dependent Resistor
(LDR), Relay and Light emitting diodes (LEDs) which we are using in place of a light bulb. A. 555 Timer IC The 555 timer IC is anintegrated circuit
(chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a
flip–flop element. Derivatives provide up to four timing circuits in one package. The IC was designed in 1971 by Hans R. Camenzind under contract
to Signetics, which was later acquired by Philips. Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes 25 transistors, 2 diodes and 15
resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8–pin mini dual–inline package. Variants available include the 556 (a 14–pin DIP
I. INTRODUCTION treet lighting provides a safe night time environment for all road users including pedestrians. Research indicates that night–time
vehicular accidents are significantly reduced by provision of street lighting. It also helps to reduce the fear of crime, and encourages social inclusion
by providing an environment in which people feel they can walk in hours of
S
combining two 555s on one chip), and the two 558 & 559s (both a 16–pin DIP combining four slightly modified 555s with Discharge & Threshold
connected

Designing Of Electronic Controller Smart Home With...
Career Episode 3: Designing of Electronic controller smart home with embedded technology
1.Introduction
1.1 Embedded Technology has become an important feature for commercial products and a popular research topic within the last ten years. There are
now more mobile phone subscriptions than wired–line subscriptions. Lately, one area of commercial interest has been low–cost, low–power, and
short–distance embedded technology used for personal wireless networks." Technology advancements are providing smaller and more cost effective
devices for integrating computational processing, embedded technology, and a host of other functionalities. These embedded communications devices
will be integrated into applications ranging from household security to industry automation and monitoring.
2.Background
In the present project our main aim is to Control the industrial appliances by wirelessly. In this project we are controlling the devices according to the
Digital code. For Every appliance they must have a fixed Code. The Micro controller is used to control the whole system. Power is supplied to the
micro control unit by using regulated power supply unit and the frequency of the micro controller is maintained by the crystal oscillator. On supplying
the power, the micro control unit will be switched ON and the LCD is displayed enquiring the password.
Whenever the code is entered through the remote/keypad, the micro controller will check the entered code if it is correct or not.

Disadvantages Of Synchronous Transverter
Another advantage of the synchronous converter is that it is bi–directional, which lends itself to applications requiring regenerative braking. When
power is transferred in the "reverse" direction, it acts much like a boost converter.
The upsides of the synchronous buck converter don't come without cost. To start with, the lower switch normally costs more than the freewheeling diode
. Second, the multifaceted nature of the converter is unfathomably expanded because of the requirement for a reciprocal yield switch driver.
Such a driver must keep both changes from being turned on in the meantime, a blame known as "shootthrough". The most straightforward procedure for
dodging shootthrough is a period delay between the kill of S1 to the turn–on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
9: Schematic of a generic synchronous n–phase buck converter. Fig. 10: Closeup picture of a multiphase CPU power supply for an AMD Socket 939
processor. The three periods of this supply can be perceived by the three dark toroidal inductors in the closer view. The littler inductor underneath the
warmth sink is a piece of an info channel.
The multiphase buck converter is a circuit topology where fundamental buck converter circuits are put in parallel between the information and load.
Each of the n "phases" is turned on at equally spaced intervals over the switching period. This circuit is typically used with the synchronous buck
topology, described above.
This kind of converter can react to load changes as fast as though it exchanged n times speedier, without the expansion in exchanging misfortunes that
would bring about. Subsequently, it can react to quickly evolving burdens, for example, present day chip.
There is additionally a noteworthy diminishing in exchanging swell. Not exclusively is there the reduction due to the expanded viable frequency,[4]
but any time that n times the duty cycle is an integer, the changing swell goes to 0; the rate at which the inductor current is expanding in the stages
which are exchanged on precisely coordinates the rate at which it is diminishing in the stages which are turned

Design Of Fpez Source Network With Reduced Switches Fed...
DESIGN OF FPEZ–SOURCE NETWORK WITH REDUCED SWITCHES FED INDUCTION MOTOR K.Vasudevan1 and L.Parimala2 1Research
scholar (PT) – Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, Sriram Engineering College 2L.Parimala, Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, Sriram Engineering
College, Chennai kp_vasu1@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: This Project deals with a fully parallel Embedded Z–source inverter to control the three phase
induction motor. Z–Source inverter is a single–stage converter which performs both buck–boost energy conversions using the LC impedance network.
The further advancement in the Z–Source inverter is the partially parallel Embedded Z–Source inverter that can produce same gain as Z–Source
inverter. Energy from the solar cell is taken as input to the EZ–source inverter. The ripple content of the solar cell output voltage is reduced using
Parallel EZ–Source (PEZS) inverter. In order to overcome the drawbacks of PPEZS, Fully parallel EZ–(FPEZS) Source inverter is proposed. The
proposed inverters provide high boost voltage inversion ability, a lower voltage stress across the active switching devices, a continuous input current
and a reduced voltage stress on the capacitors. In addition, they can suppress the startup inrush current, which otherwise might destroy the devices. The
proposed system reduces six switch three phase inverter to four switch three phase inverter. This makes system compact which reduces cost and
switching losses, line harmonics, improves power factor, reliability

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Miniature Circuit Breaker
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition : Water is important resource for all the livings in the earth. In that some people are not getting the sufficient
amount of water because of unequal distribution of water. So we implement this project. This project is used to distributing the water equally. So
that everyone gets the equal amount of water. It also used to prevent the water theft during the distribution period. In past time person in charge will
go to that place and open the valve for a particular time period. Once the time over again the in charge person will go to the same place and close the
valve. It is wastage of time. The proposed system is fully automated. Here human work and time is reduced. Water wastages such as leakages and
operating... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fast operation. High reliability. Long service life. Compact design. Disadvantages: Control signal must stay on during operation. CHAPTER : 9
MCB INTRODUCTION MCBs or Miniature Circuit Breakers are electromechanical devices which protect an electrical circuit from an over current
as well as overload condition. MCB is a better than Fuse since it does not require replacement once an overload is detected. In the case of tripping
because of a current overload, MCBs are very easy to reset, which is much simpler to do that having to replace blown fuses. MCBs also trip to stop the
current from flowing much faster than fuses can operate. When the current exceeds its pre–determined value, solenoid forces the moveable contact to
open and the MCB turns off and discontinuing the current to flow in the circuit. To resume the flow of current; the MCB needs to be turned on
manually. Fig. 9.1 MCB Advantages: MCB is quick work against short circuit. MCB is work quickly on overloading and under voltage. MCB is
reliable. Disadvantages: The cost of MCB is greater than fuse. The cost of on MCB distribution board is greater than rewire able fuse

Advantages Of Multilevel Inverter
CHAPTER 3
MULTILEVEL INVERTER TOPOLOGIES AND CONTROL SCHEME
3.1. Multilevel Inverter
Multilevel inverters have ability to generate low switching frequency high quality output waveforms with several high voltages and higher power
applications and the general structure of multilevel converter is synthesizes a sinusoidal voltage from several level of voltages. The multilevel inverter
has overcome the limitations of conventional two level voltage converters. The advantages of multilevel inverter are higher power quality, lower
switching losses, low electromagnetic interference and higher voltage capability.
The voltage source inverter gives an output voltage or a current with levels either 0 or В±V_dc. They are known as two level inverter. To... Show more
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Moreover, input node voltages and currents can be referred to the input terminal voltages of the inverter with reference to ground point and the
corresponding currents from each node of the capacitors to the inverter respectively. As an example, input node (dc) currents by I_1,I_2 etc., and input
node (dc) voltages are designed by V_1,V_2, etc as shown in Figure 1a. V_a,V_b and V_c are the root mean square (rms) values of line load voltages;
I_a,I_b and I_c are the rms values of the line load currents. Figure 3.1 a shows the schematic of a pole in a multilevel inverter where V_a indicates
an output phase voltage that can predicted at any voltage level depending on the selection of node (dc) voltage V_1,V_2 etc. By connecting switch to
one node at a time, one can easily obtain the desired output. Figure 3.2 shows the typical output voltage of a five–level inverter. The structure of
multilevel inverter must (1) have less switching devices as far as possible, (2) have capability of withstanding at very high input voltage for
high–power applications, and (3) have lower switching frequency for each switching

Dtmf Remote Appliance Control System Using Mobile Phone
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This project "DTMF REMOTE APPLIANCE CONTROL SYSTEM USING MOBILE PHONE" is used to
control appliances which are far away from the user using mobile phone. The aim of the proposed system is to develop a cost effective solution that
will provide controlling of home appliances remotely and enable home security against intrusion in the absence of homeowner. The devices connected
as home and office appliances consume electrical power and they should be controlled as well as turn on /off if required. Most of the time, it was
done manually. Now it is a necessity to control devices more effectively and efficiently at anytime from anywhere. Take an instant when we are going
to office and suddenly remembered that to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Relays allow a small current flow circuit to control a high current circuit. 1.2.8 Devices: The devices can be micro–wave oven, bulbs, fans, air cooler,
etc which are far away from the user. The micro–controller plays the intelligent part in controlling these devices. 1.3 Working: This project is used to
control the appliances present at a distance using a mobile phone. The first step is the user should make a call to the mobile phone, which is in
auto answer mode and thus call gets connected. The user presses the digits present over the keypad of his phone for controlling the appliances
present at home or office. Whenever a button is pressed a tone is generated and it is transferred to the mobile phone present in the home or office,
which is interfaced with the DTMF transceiver. The DTMF receiver decodes the tone generated and it activates the controller accordingly. The
controller operates the devices according to the coding set by the user. The status of the devices whether they are ON/OFF is indicated in the LCD.
CHAPTER 2 MT8888 DTMF TRANSCEIVER Introduction: The MT8888C is a monolithic DTMF transceiver with call progress filter. It is
fabricated using CMOS technology and it offers low power consumption and high reliability. The receiver section is based upon the industry standard
MT8870

Project on Dtmf Based Home Automation
DTMF BASED HOME APPLIANCE CONTROL SUBMITTED BY ABSTRACT Traditionally electrical appliances in a home are controlled via
switches that regulate the electricity to these devices. As the world gets more and more technologically advanced, we find new technology coming in
deeper and deeper into our personal lives even at home. Home automation is becoming more and more popular around the world and is becoming a
common practice. The process of home automation works by making everything in the house automatically controlled using technology to control and
do the jobs that we would normally do manually. Home automation takes care of a lot of different activities in the house. this project we propose a
unique System for Home automation... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A microcontroller is a single chip that contains the processor (the CPU), non–volatile memory for the program (ROM or flash), volatile memory for
input and output (RAM), a clock and an I/O control unit. Also called a "computer on a chip," billions of microcontroller units (MCUs) are
embedded each year in a myriad of products from toys to appliances to automobiles. For example, a single vehicle can use 70 or more microcontrollers.
The following picture describes a general block diagram of microcontroller. AT89S52: The AT89S52 is a low
–power, high–performance CMOS 8–bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in–system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel's high–density nonvolatile memory
technology and is compatible with the industry–standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. The on–chip Flash allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed in–system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8–bit CPU with in–system programmable
Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly flexible and cost
–effective solution to many,
embedded control

Power Circuits Of Electric Power
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Background
Power electronics circuits convert electric power from one form to other using electronic devices. By using semiconductor devices as switches power
electronics circuits function, thereby controlling or modifying a voltage or current. Power electronics application range from high–power conversion
equipment such as dc power transmission to everyday appliances, such as cell phone chargers, cordless screwdrivers, power supplies for computers,
and hybrid automobiles. Power electronics includes applications in which circuits process miliwatts or megawatts. Power electronics include
conversion of an unregulated dc voltage to a regulated dc voltage conversion of ac to dc, conversion of dc to ac, and conversion of an ac power
source from one amplitude and frequency to another amplitude and frequency. These power converters are classified as rectifiers, AC voltage
controllers, DC choppers and inverters, which covers wide area of residential, commercial and industrial applications, including computers,
transportation and power utilizes [1].
Power electronic converters, especially DC/AC inverters have been extending their range of use in industrial application because they provide better
system efficiency, reduced energy consumption and improved quality of power. The output voltage of inverter could be fixed or variable at a fixed or
variable frequency and output waveforms are therefore made up of discrete values, producing fast transition

Disadvantages And Disadvantages Of Hvc And DVC Power...
HVDC power transmission line can be constructed in many configurations like monopolar, bi–polar, tri–polar, back to back and many more. Their
advantages and disadvantages has been discussed in [28] among them multi–terminal, multi–infeed or mesh type configuration is the better choice for
aplications because of higher flexibility and efficiency. In aAC power grid several DC lines can be connected with existing AC line in this
configuration with additional converters & inverters connected with grid as shown in Fig. 7. Fig.7 Mesh type combine AC–DC network In a
multi–terminal high voltage grid, some HVAC & HVDC network is connected though converter and inverter respectively. Parallel or simultaneous
AC–DC long distance power transmission is possible by using this configuration. The system operator can automatically select the optimal set of ac/dc
transmission lines parameter for satisfying TEP criteria i.e. supplying load forecasts, minimizing investment costs, and optimizing market operations
that becomes suitable for practical application.
VII.MODELING OF A 12 PULSE CONVERTER Fig.8 shows the configuration of a 12–pulse unidirectional power converter. It can be operated with
or without filter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In [34] authors has designed a new types of transformer less three–phase three–level NPC based power converter which performance has been analyzed
in 2.64–4.16 kV DC, 5.1–12.8 kW. It's performance like DC link voltage, efficiency & THD profile was acceptable. The authors assumed that this
converter will be suitable for 15kV grid voltage. Converter switching circuit has been designed in SiC (Silicon Carbide) IGBT & Diodes as shown in
Fig.18. So, this converter can be re–designed for medium or high voltage with SiC

Sample Database For Rfid Automatic Vehicle Identification
1.4 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS fOR RFID
Automatic Vehicle identification
Inventory Management
Work–in–Process
Container/ Yard Management
Document/ Jewellery tracking
Patient Monitoring
1.5 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
AUTOMATIC TALL TAX
NAMECapacityQuantityCode
Regulator78051U1
Regulator78121U3
Capacitor1000Ојf1C1
Capacitor10Ојf1C2
Ceramic Capacitor22pf2C3,C4
Diode4D1,D2,D3,D4
AUTOMATIC TALL TAX
NAMECapacityQuantityCode
Push Button1
RFID READER1
RFID Cards2
LCD16X21
40 Pin Base1U2
16 Pin Base1U4
DC Motor100 rpm1

8051(AT89S52)1
L293D1
Oscillator11.0592mhz1X1
LED2D5,D6
Resistance220О©1R1,R4,R6
Resistance1k2R3
Resistance10k2R2,R5
Buzzer1BUZ1
BC5471Q1
1.6 POWER SUPPLY:
Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or
group of loads is called a power supply unit or PSU. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy supplies, less often to mechanical ones,
and rarely to others. Here in our application we need a 5v DC power supply for all electronics involved in the project. This requires step down
transformer, rectifier, voltage regulator, and filter circuit for generation of 5v DC power. Here a brief description of all the components are given as
follows:
TRANSFORMER: A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors

Research Paper On Home Battery
Home Backup Generators Vs. Home Battery What are the most common reasons why homeowners invest in home backup generators? Heating and air
conditioning are top concerns, along with running water and hot water. All of these items are high–load appliances and require a high capacity to start.
These actions consume significant power and could quickly drain a battery. There a number of ways homeowners can prepare for a power outage.
How would any product help me live "off grid"?––. Homeowners who wish to operate the appliances and features of their home without being
connected to their community's standard power grid explore a number of options to provide constant energy to their home. Often these options still
require a fuel source. In the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How much power output can a generator produce? The most popular Generac generator model produces 22kW, which is commonly installed to power
the entire home, including all the most common appliances in a home, such as high–load central air conditioners, electric heaters, kitchen appliances,
etc . Currently, the whole–house battery is a fledgling product with no full–scale distribution network or availability. Home backup generators by
Generac, however, are supported by more than 5,200 certified dealers and an expansive network of trained installers. All back–up systems are different
and their effectiveness depends on how much power your home requires. According to a recent article in Wired, a 7kWh battery system would power
an average home for 5.6 hours, assuming it is fully charged when the power outage occurs. The practical runtime of the battery system was estimated
at 3 hours. The prime difference is that a battery is meant to store power and a generator creates power. In a power outage, a generator can
continuously produce power; a battery can only distribute what has been

Technology Advantages And Disadvantages
Now of days we are beginning to experience natural disasters, from the category five hurricane in Texas to major earth quakes in New Mexico.
The way that things are looking now I believe we will experience these situations more and more throughout the years. Most people have electronic
devices but do not know the basics on how to protect their devices from power surges, power outages and other electrical variations. In the
following paragraphs I will give you tips and information on how to protect your computers and devices from power outages. This information
will be helpful for people who are on budgets but still want something that will actually work and others who are not on budget and want top
quality ways to protect their devices from power outages and other electronic devices. One of the ways that you could protect your computer and
other devices is to purchase a surge protector. A surge protector's is an electrical device designed to protect a computer against the harmful effects
of power surges and spikes and sudden outages, they can contain up to 120 volts or more and they are also inexpensive. They run around to be
about twenty to forty dollars depending on which brand you buy. The most recommended brand that will last long but is really good for its price is
Belkin or tripplite. A surge protector works by transferring the excess voltage via the devices grounding wire. It stops it from reaching the electronic
device and damaging it. When there is a tropical storm

Alerts Visually Challenged People Research Paper
пЂ
ULTRASONIC BASED WALKING STICK FOR BLIND
Shubham Rewari#1, Apurv Shaha#2, Sankaradithyan Gunasekharan#3
1, 2, 3 DEPARTMENT OF E&TC ENGINEERING, SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING S. No. 44/1, OFF SINHGAD ROAD, VADGAON
BK, PUNE – 411041
Email ID: shubham.rewari14@gmail.com, apurvshaha@gmail.com, sankar.adithya@gmail.com
Abstract–The paper here presents the model of a walking stick that alerts visually challenged people over obstacles by use of electronic sensors and
controllers. Very few of the navigation aids available for visually challenged people can provide dynamic navigation and which work perfectly for
day to day navigation requirements (The white cane and walk dogs are not safe for today's increasing traffic and insensitive world). This model here
demonstrates a system concept to provide an electronic aid for blind people which would benefit the challenged person for his daily travelling,
whether it be indoors or outdoors. The aim of system is to provide a sense of artificial vision by alerting the subject about the environmental scenario of
static and dynamic objects around them. In this system, an ultrasonic sensor, an atmega16 controller, a buzzer and a vibration motor is used.
Index Terms–Ultrasonic sensor, Walking Stick, Vibration Motor,Sound Buzzer, Atmega16
I.INTRODUCTION
About 90% of the world 's visually impaired live in rural settings like that of developing countries. According to a fact sheet by World Health
Organization (WHO) it is estimated that there

Analyzing The Consumers Generating Inter Harmonic Frequencies
Alexander B. Nassif and Jing Yong [7] have proposed a method to identify the consumers generating inter harmonic frequencies. The inter–harmonics
can be measured by means of Impedance based approach applied at the metering point. The main idea is that, the inter–harmonic impedance of the
system is much smaller than that of an inter–harmonic generating load. This method can identify the source of each inter–harmonic component without
having to rely solely on the active power measurement and requires only an approximate value for the inter–harmonic impedance measured at the
metering point. As per references [2], [6], [7], [9] any device with nonlinear characteristics which derive their input power from a sinusoidal
electrical system may be responsible for injecting harmonic currents & voltages into the electrical system [2, 6, 7, 9 ]. Francisco C. De la rossa [2]
have described ,all possible nonlinear loads . Among them few are Power converters such as Variable frequency drives, DC motor controllers,
Cycloconverter, Cranes, Elevators ,Steel mills, Power supplies, UPS,Battery chargers, Inverters & ARC devices such as Fluorescent lighting, ARC
furnaces, Welding machines. According to authors [2] ,[7] Even linear loads like power transformers can act nonlinear under saturation conditions.
This occurs beyond the so–called saturation knee of the magnetizing curve of the transformer. [2],[7]. According to author Joseph S. Subjak [9],
Communication interference

Short Essay On The Experience Of A Computer
up––the distinguishable beep that is heard when you push the start up button, doesn't beep. I have tried taking the separate components and testing
them on other machines, and all of them seem to work just fine. I have switched power supplies multiple times and still nothing. "Today I am going to
fix this computer," I say to myself as if to motivate me. I tear open the machine and think about the process of the boot. The power from the wall travels
to the power supply, which the power is distributed from the power supply into the motherboard, lastly to the various parts of the computer. "Wait a
minute, the motherboard light is not on! " I think to myself. I unmount the motherboard from the chassis, and see that there are no standoffs. The ...
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I feel that he has the same respect that I have towards him.
The weeks fly by as summer decays. I feel that I have had a successful summer, and I am looking forward towards next year. As school starts, my
availability decreases. I'm involved in after school activities and the store is only open for a few short hours on Saturdays. I work as many Saturdays
as I can throughout the school year. I spend my days off school there as well. I hope that my commitment to the store shows.
Fast forward to May, the end of my eighth grade year, I'm ready to start my three month vacation on a good foot. I am placed on the payroll with an
honest $7.25 wage. Now that I'm on the payroll, my hours are limited. I can't come in whenever I want. But I am feeling optimistic about what this
summer could bring me. I even begin a savings account for my college future.
I wake up at 8:30. My shift begins at 9. I am late. I skip breakfast and frantically bike the three blocks to work in the brisk morning. Mark's truck is here
which is weird because I rarely see him before noon. I walk in the door and I feel like I am in the wrong place. The cluttered store I felt so
comfortable in, wasn't so cluttered. Many computers and accessories were missing. A corner normally containing monitors were nowhere to be seen.
As I look around I now see Mark outside the window. He is loading up a trailer with multiple large brown cardboard boxes. I glance at Chris and Ryan
conferring about

Automatic Punching Machine
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Synopsis
3.Block Diagram
4.Block Diagram Description
5.Circuit diagram
6.Circuit description
7.Component details
8.Working of project
9.Fabrication of PCB
10.Application
11.Future development
12.Cost estimation
13.Conclusion
14.Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Introduction:
The automation is now carried on not only industries but also houses. The automation of a particular system avoids the total care about the system.
Nowadays lot of components and techniques are available to automate the particular field. Here we are going to automate the necessary things in
houses. To carry on the automation process PLC based technique is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regulator 5. Indicator

The ordinary low power E & I core transformer is used to get required voltage. It is basically step down transformer, which reduce the voltage from
mains supply depending upon the output voltage. The rectifier sections convert AC into DC. The rectifier is designed using four 1N 4007 diode. It is
a bridge type rectifier, which give full cycle conduction output. The capacitor based filter section smooth the rippled DC and make it as pure DC. The
smoothing level is increased by increasing filter capacitor value. The regulator block is designed using 78 XX series.
The regulator is selected to get constant voltage at output side. We can give input voltage up to 30V. The LED indicates circuit is on live. This circuit
arrangement gives constant voltage output.
Power Supply Design Concept:
Transformer Selection:
Voltage Rating = DC output voltage +5V Current Rating = required current +1/2 required current.
Type: Ordinary Transformer = Half wave & Bridge rectifier
Control Tape Transformer = Full wave rectifier.
Example:
For +5v @ 1A RPS Transformer Voltage Rating
Voltage = 5V + 5V = 10V
Transformer Current Rating
Current = 1A + 0.5A = 1.5A
Type:
Ordinary Transformer = 0–10v @ 1.5A Center Tapped Transformer = 10– 0 – 10V@ 1.5A
Practical Selection of Transformer:
0 –9V @ 2A (Or) 9V–0–9V @ 2A
Diode Selection for Rectifier (Based on Load Current):

1N 4007– 1A 1N 5408– 2A 6A 4 Mic– 3A

The Ability To Test Welds Has Progressed Rapidly Over The
The ability to test welds has progressed rapidly over the years. After the discovery of the short pulsed electric arc in 1800 by Humphry Davy[3][4]
and the continuous electric arc by Vasily Petrov in 1802, there was little development in electrical welding until 1881.Around that time there was
little to be done as far as the rigidity of inspection goes. As long as man has been on earth, we have been visually testing things to see if it passes our
persona critique of standard perfection. With weld quality assurance Visual Testing (VT) is where itwelding inspection all starts. Before the first
welding arc is struck, materials should be examined to see if they meet specifications for quality, type, size, cleanliness and freedom from defects. ...
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Floyd Firestone. With the general principle of my device consists of sending high frequency vibrations into the part to be inspected, ultrasonic
testing is applied to many fields of metallurgy withing many occupations. Ultrasonic testing becomes less suitable when determining porosity in
welds, because round gas pores respond as a series of single point reflectors to ultrasonic tests. UT inspection system consists of several functional
units, such as the pulser/receiver, transducer, and display device. How Ultrasonic Testing (UT) works is by having an ultrasound transducer
connected to a diagnostic machine is passed over the object being inspected.The pulser/receiver is an electronic device that produces high voltage
electrical pulses, while the transducer, which is driven by the pulser generates high frequency ultrasonic energy. Separated by test object is a couplant.
As sound is introduced, it spreads through the materials in the form of sound waves. When there is a discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path,
part of the energy will be reflected back from the flaw surface. With a few advantages ranging from: High penetrating power, which allows the
detection of flaws deep in the part, great accuracy, non–hazardous operation, portability, and immediate results. A few advantages of UT are :
It is sensitive to both surface and subsurface discontinuities.
The depth of penetration for flaw detection or measurement is superior to other NDT methods.
It is highly

UPS Battery Replacement: How to Do It in 8 Steps
Just as a clock needs all the parts to work, a UPS system needs to have its various elements in the perfect working condition. Only with the little parts
effectively working will the entire device function to its highest standard of protecting equipment from power surges and allowing data to be safely
secured before power runs out.
One of the most crucial parts used in a UPS network is the battery. It's essential to ensure that this is kept in good working condition all throughout. As
soon as signs signal the need for a replacement, this should be done immediately.
Here at Powerfirm we'll show you the eight steps in doing a UPS battery replacement.
1.Get the right battery for your UPS.
To know the right UPS battery replacement you must first know the UPS brand, model name and number. In most UPS this is found at the bottom of
the device on a small white sticker. After taking note of these details you can then find the right battery that's compatible with the device.
In the Powerfirm website finding the right battery for a UPS is easy. You just have to key in these details unto the search tool and the right battery will
be displayed for you. Each UPS device model has a different battery that goes with it. It's important that you get the right replacement to ensure your
UPS system will be working right.
2.Unplug the UPS device.
It's very important to unplug the UPS device before the batteries are removed and replaced. This will ensure there are no electrical accidents

Case Study Of Schneider Electric
Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd is a 100% subsidiary of Schneider Electric industries, a globally known company whose energy efficient solutions
are benefitting major population of the world and also (( is a global specialist in energy management. )) The company's dynamic performance has
already set a standard in the global market and in India its plan to meet the energy standards as well as corporate social responsibility is ambitious.
Schneider has been in India for more than 50 years and since inception its focus on sustainability and CSR has been aligned to its business process. In
India the company stepped into its first project with a joint venture between Merlin and Gerin with Tata sons and Voltas in 1963 and in 1995 it became
a 100%... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of this policy is to ensure total satisfaction for all of our customers, shareholders and employees through the continuous development and
improvement of products, services and the skills of our employees. Our policy of dynamic quality is built on seven principals Constantly listening to
our customers to ensure the sustainable improvement of their satisfaction. Commitment from all levels of management and employees. Openness of
communication. Systematic measurement and communication of performance. Control and improvement of processes, products and services.
Recognition of exemplary actions. Sharing our quality policy with our internal and external partners. Dynamic quality is planned Specific plans are
deployed through our Annual Quality Assessment and the progress is measured

Building A Computer That Can Handle Any Game
Computers consist of many different parts that, in order to perform a specific task, have to work in unison. It's becoming more and more popular to
build a PC rather than buying a pre–assembled one because many companies just rip people off. My fascination with building computers peaked
when I tried to play a game called Minecraft, but instead of the game loading up as it did on my friend's computer, on mine it kept crashing. Minecraft
is a game where players are all united in one world where they have to work in order to survive. Unfortunately, my antique computer couldn't handle
this simple game; therefore, I never had the opportunity to play it. So I decided to build a super–computer that can handle any game. From that day on
my passion for computers extended towards a whole new level. Since I had little understanding about computers I needed to find a way to jumpstart my
knowledge. Even before determining what type of computer I wanted to build, I had to first study computers, how they work and the different functions
of all the components. Researching online and watching numerous "How–to" videos provided many answers to my questions. Having a stronger
foundation in computer assembly, I decided to finally step foot into the realm of building. I switched on my computer and proceeded to the Newegg
website, which is a trusted computer equipment manufacturer. Pictures and descriptions filled the page as it was done loading, and I proceeded to
scroll through the

Senion Project for Producing Electronics Part Essay
Senior Project
Project Proposal Table of Contents:
Executive Summary.........1
Introduction.........2
Project Operation.........7
Project Scheduling (Gannt Chart) ......11
Bill of Materials.......13
Future Use and Expansion.......14
Hardware Schematics.........15
Hardware and Software Block Diagrams..........18
Bibliography..................20
Executive Summary:
Objective:
The objective of our senior project is to develop portable lab equipment and software interface for first year college students. The idea of our project
is to allow portability and convenience for students to perform basic electronic labs at home. It is meant as a learning tool to generate a comprehensive,
hands–on guide for students to use on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Future Expansion:
This project could also include a multimeter and curve tracer. It could also be improved by having a higher voltage and a better regulated power supply.
The function generator could also have higher bandwidth and frequency.
Cost:
Estimated total cost is $316. Introduction:
When we visualized our senior project, we decided that engineering and electronic students in college could make use of portable, inexpensive, simple
equipment in order to demonstrate concepts off campus. This equipment would not necessarily have all of the functionality and versatility of the lab

equipment, but it would be useful in demonstrating concepts. The current lab equipment is great for school, but if students have a need to use the
equipment at home such as to finish labs, learn more, or just hobby use, they are left without an inexpensive alternative with the equipment currently on
the market. Our solution was to address these issues with our project which we named "Lab In A Box." This would allow students to have a portable
oscilloscope, power supply, and function generator at a greatly reduced cost. The labs performed usually only requires low bandwidth and low
voltage equipment. The power supplies in the labs are DC with the capability of +6V and В±25V. The function generator is a 15MHz waveform
generator that is capable of sine, square, triangle, and saw–tooth waveforms. The

Data Centers Are Virtual Or Physical Infrastructure Used...
Data centers are virtual or physical infrastructure used by organizations to host server, computer and networking systems and components for the
company 's information technology (IT) needs, which typically include storage, processing and serving large amounts of critical data to clients in a
client/server architecture.
A data center, often requires redundant or backup power supply systems, redundant networking connections, cooling systems and policy–based security
systems for running the organization 's core applications.
Data centers are one of the world's largest consumer of electricity, servers are running 24*7 tightly controlled conditions of environment and mostly not
at full load. With the high growth rate of social networking, electronic banking, internet usage, paperless work and modern IT services such as cloud
computing and virtualization, the requirements for resilient, safe and energy–efficient data centers are increasing.
Image
Along with the other effects of compliance and globalization with local regulations and codes, organizations usually face many challenges in data
centers, for ensuring that they remain efficient, competitive and highly productive. There are many other issues that impact infrastructure design of
data centers; having upper levels of security, safe and more secure operation, increasing power availability and also limiting energy usage along with
environmental impact.
Although the design of a data center is

Power Systems Of Electric Vehicles
I. INTRODUCTION Since the industrial revolution started, the acceleration of technology development never stopped. However, with the
development of new technologies, environment is suffering the consequences. The rate of Carbon dioxide is increasing rapidly. To mitigate this
pollution, the concept of electric vehicle arose. The electric vehicles contribute in reducing the carbon dioxide emissions[1]. Thus, the use of
electric vehicles is getting more popular as time goes by. As a result of that, electric vehicles must be integrated to the electric grid. They will be
treated as electric loads, which means that all concepts of power system will be applied on them. Therefore, when electric vehicles are charged, they
will cause voltage drop on the distribution feeders. Hence, the presence of voltage regulators might change the voltage response of the system. II.
VOLTAGE REGULATION OVERVIEW. In power Systems Distribution, voltage regulation is an important concept. It deals with ways to maintain a
good voltage profile delivered to the customers. The voltage level at the customer node has to be maintained within a specified range. There are many
standards that determine customer's voltage range. Some standards assume a variation of +10% or –10%. However, it is determined by the utility
based on their circumstances. III. VOLTAGE REGULATION METHODS The concept of voltage regulation associated with the electrical distribution
system is caused by the radial

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