SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Contacts In Africa

•Download as PPT, PDF•
•
C
cafische

A powerpoint presentation of the diverse contacts made in Africa from 1000 A.D. to 1700 A.D.

EducationBusinessNews & Politics
1 of 10
First Contacts: Connecting Africa to the World What did these contacts look like? How did the African people feel about this?
Focused Contacts: ,[object Object],2. Chinese contact and Chenge He 3.Portuguese contact 4. Dutch contact
Middle Eastern Contact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Close Proximity = Close Contact!!
Chinese Contact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Portuguese Contact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Afro-Portuguese Ivories
Dutch Contact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Do You Think… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Recommended

History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourismMervyn Maico Aldana
 
3.1 europeans explore the east
3.1 europeans explore the east3.1 europeans explore the east
3.1 europeans explore the eastlesah2o
 
History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourismJohn Edward Estayo
 
3. a short history of tourism xp
3. a short history of tourism xp3. a short history of tourism xp
3. a short history of tourism xpalpo12
 
19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)
19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)
19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)Edgar Huff
 
History of World Tourism (Updated July, 2021)
History of World Tourism (Updated July, 2021)History of World Tourism (Updated July, 2021)
History of World Tourism (Updated July, 2021)Institute of Hotel Management, Hajipur, Patna, Bihar.
 
Travelers
TravelersTravelers
TravelersGreg Sill
 
History of tourism
History of tourism History of tourism
History of tourism Institute of Hotel Management, Hajipur, Patna, Bihar.
 

Recommended

History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourismMervyn Maico Aldana
 
3.1 europeans explore the east
3.1 europeans explore the east3.1 europeans explore the east
3.1 europeans explore the eastlesah2o
 
History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourismJohn Edward Estayo
 
3. a short history of tourism xp
3. a short history of tourism xp3. a short history of tourism xp
3. a short history of tourism xpalpo12
 
19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)
19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)
19.1 europeans explore the east (1st period)Edgar Huff
 
History of World Tourism (Updated July, 2021)
History of World Tourism (Updated July, 2021)History of World Tourism (Updated July, 2021)
History of World Tourism (Updated July, 2021)Institute of Hotel Management, Hajipur, Patna, Bihar.
 
Travelers
TravelersTravelers
TravelersGreg Sill
 
History of tourism
History of tourism History of tourism
History of tourism Institute of Hotel Management, Hajipur, Patna, Bihar.
 
The history of Tourism
The history of TourismThe history of Tourism
The history of TourismClarice Kangut
 
Europeans Explore The East
Europeans Explore The EastEuropeans Explore The East
Europeans Explore The Eastguestfa16e2
 
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2Tunnie Le
 
History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourismsanna1
 
African Trading States And Kingdoms
African Trading States And KingdomsAfrican Trading States And Kingdoms
African Trading States And KingdomsMelissa
 
Timbuktu
TimbuktuTimbuktu
TimbuktuMichael Klingensmith
 
Evolution of international tourism
Evolution of international tourismEvolution of international tourism
Evolution of international tourismKingsley Guruge
 
Ancient Phoenicia
Ancient PhoeniciaAncient Phoenicia
Ancient PhoeniciaPhillip Zakas
 
Phoenicians
PhoeniciansPhoenicians
PhoeniciansMiAbra
 
Aa Chap 01 03
Aa Chap 01 03Aa Chap 01 03
Aa Chap 01 03gueste6b1d2
 
Brief history of travel
Brief history of travelBrief history of travel
Brief history of travelMaria Chatlyn Baluyot
 
Plural Society In Malaysia
Plural Society In MalaysiaPlural Society In Malaysia
Plural Society In MalaysiaKatie Chan
 
Tanit the ibicencan goodess
Tanit the ibicencan goodessTanit the ibicencan goodess
Tanit the ibicencan goodessnivaca2
 
Ch2 Explorations of Asia
Ch2 Explorations of AsiaCh2 Explorations of Asia
Ch2 Explorations of Asiagrieffel
 
Tourism: a 2500 year old phenomenon
Tourism: a 2500 year old phenomenonTourism: a 2500 year old phenomenon
Tourism: a 2500 year old phenomenonThemistocles Papadimopoulos
 
Slave Trade
Slave TradeSlave Trade
Slave Tradessclasstorremar
 
History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourismkaur manpreet
 
KIS 1
KIS 1KIS 1
KIS 1dancer4life99
 
History of Tourism
History of TourismHistory of Tourism
History of TourismCris dela Peña
 
West African Kingdoms
West African KingdomsWest African Kingdoms
West African KingdomsSt Mary Catholic School
 
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
 
Travelers
TravelersTravelers
TravelersGreg Sill
 

More Related Content

What's hot

The history of Tourism
The history of TourismThe history of Tourism
The history of TourismClarice Kangut
 
Europeans Explore The East
Europeans Explore The EastEuropeans Explore The East
Europeans Explore The Eastguestfa16e2
 
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2Tunnie Le
 
History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourismsanna1
 
African Trading States And Kingdoms
African Trading States And KingdomsAfrican Trading States And Kingdoms
African Trading States And KingdomsMelissa
 
Evolution of international tourism
Evolution of international tourismEvolution of international tourism
Evolution of international tourismKingsley Guruge
 
Phoenicians
PhoeniciansPhoenicians
PhoeniciansMiAbra
 
Plural Society In Malaysia
Plural Society In MalaysiaPlural Society In Malaysia
Plural Society In MalaysiaKatie Chan
 
Tanit the ibicencan goodess
Tanit the ibicencan goodessTanit the ibicencan goodess
Tanit the ibicencan goodessnivaca2
 
Ch2 Explorations of Asia
Ch2 Explorations of AsiaCh2 Explorations of Asia
Ch2 Explorations of Asiagrieffel
 

What's hot (19)

The history of Tourism
The history of TourismThe history of Tourism
The history of Tourism
 
Europeans Explore The East
Europeans Explore The EastEuropeans Explore The East
Europeans Explore The East
 
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
Week 2. tourism through the ages 08.09 ver2
 
History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourism
 
African Trading States And Kingdoms
African Trading States And KingdomsAfrican Trading States And Kingdoms
African Trading States And Kingdoms
 
Timbuktu
TimbuktuTimbuktu
Timbuktu
 
Evolution of international tourism
Evolution of international tourismEvolution of international tourism
Evolution of international tourism
 
Ancient Phoenicia
Ancient PhoeniciaAncient Phoenicia
Ancient Phoenicia
 
Phoenicians
PhoeniciansPhoenicians
Phoenicians
 
Aa Chap 01 03
Aa Chap 01 03Aa Chap 01 03
Aa Chap 01 03
 
Brief history of travel
Brief history of travelBrief history of travel
Brief history of travel
 
Plural Society In Malaysia
Plural Society In MalaysiaPlural Society In Malaysia
Plural Society In Malaysia
 
Tanit the ibicencan goodess
Tanit the ibicencan goodessTanit the ibicencan goodess
Tanit the ibicencan goodess
 
Ch2 Explorations of Asia
Ch2 Explorations of AsiaCh2 Explorations of Asia
Ch2 Explorations of Asia
 
Tourism: a 2500 year old phenomenon
Tourism: a 2500 year old phenomenonTourism: a 2500 year old phenomenon
Tourism: a 2500 year old phenomenon
 
Slave Trade
Slave TradeSlave Trade
Slave Trade
 
History of tourism
History of tourismHistory of tourism
History of tourism
 
KIS 1
KIS 1KIS 1
KIS 1
 
History of Tourism
History of TourismHistory of Tourism
History of Tourism
 

Similar to Contacts In Africa

16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
 
The world in 1492 & columbus's world
The world in 1492 & columbus's worldThe world in 1492 & columbus's world
The world in 1492 & columbus's worldGarret
 
The African Slave Trade
The African Slave TradeThe African Slave Trade
The African Slave TradeMicaelaD2
 
Ch 20 africa ppt
Ch 20 africa pptCh 20 africa ppt
Ch 20 africa pptHals
 
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docx
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docx11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docx
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docxhyacinthshackley2629
 
An Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400—1800
An Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400—1800An Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400—1800
An Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400—1800mlm72
 
Caribbean Studies changing african responses to european contact.doc
Caribbean Studies changing african responses to european contact.docCaribbean Studies changing african responses to european contact.doc
Caribbean Studies changing african responses to european contact.doccapesociology
 
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10mrsharrisonss
 
C H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docx
C H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docxC H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docx
C H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docxclairbycraft
 
Pre-Contact Africa Lesson Plan
Pre-Contact Africa Lesson PlanPre-Contact Africa Lesson Plan
Pre-Contact Africa Lesson PlanAlicia Chipman
 
600 -1450 powerpoint
600 -1450 powerpoint 600 -1450 powerpoint
600 -1450 powerpoint LawK
 
HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?
HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?
HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?historyteacher38668
 

Similar to Contacts In Africa (20)

West African Kingdoms
West African KingdomsWest African Kingdoms
West African Kingdoms
 
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx
16 386 Chapter Outline Global Maritime Expansion B.docx
 
Travelers
TravelersTravelers
Travelers
 
SSWH10.ppt
SSWH10.pptSSWH10.ppt
SSWH10.ppt
 
The world in 1492 & columbus's world
The world in 1492 & columbus's worldThe world in 1492 & columbus's world
The world in 1492 & columbus's world
 
The African Slave Trade
The African Slave TradeThe African Slave Trade
The African Slave Trade
 
Ch 20 africa ppt
Ch 20 africa pptCh 20 africa ppt
Ch 20 africa ppt
 
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docx
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docx11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docx
11216 Syllabus overviewPrimary vs secondary sources11416.docx
 
Ap euro ch 15
Ap euro ch 15Ap euro ch 15
Ap euro ch 15
 
An Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400—1800
An Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400—1800An Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400—1800
An Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400—1800
 
Caribbean Studies changing african responses to european contact.doc
Caribbean Studies changing african responses to european contact.docCaribbean Studies changing african responses to european contact.doc
Caribbean Studies changing african responses to european contact.doc
 
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
 
Exploration and colonization updated 11 12
Exploration and colonization updated 11 12Exploration and colonization updated 11 12
Exploration and colonization updated 11 12
 
4.2.exploration causation and events a3
4.2.exploration causation and events a34.2.exploration causation and events a3
4.2.exploration causation and events a3
 
C H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docx
C H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docxC H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docx
C H A P T E R 4The European Organizationof the Slave T.docx
 
Pre-Contact Africa Lesson Plan
Pre-Contact Africa Lesson PlanPre-Contact Africa Lesson Plan
Pre-Contact Africa Lesson Plan
 
600 -1450 powerpoint
600 -1450 powerpoint 600 -1450 powerpoint
600 -1450 powerpoint
 
Islam to Africa
Islam to AfricaIslam to Africa
Islam to Africa
 
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
European Exploration And Colonization 09 10
 
HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?
HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?
HIS 2213 LU4 How & When Did Europeans Become Dominant in the World?
 

Recently uploaded

Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeThiyagu K
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionMaksud Ahmed
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Sapana Sha
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxGaneshChakor2
 
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy ReformA Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy ReformChameera Dedduwage
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsanshu789521
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxRoyAbrique
 
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docxMENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docxPoojaSen20
 
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfBASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfSoniaTolstoy
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting DataJhengPantaleon
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionSafetyChain Software
 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfUmakantAnnand
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Sakshi Ghasle
 
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersMicromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersChitralekhaTherkar
 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Educationpboyjonauth
 
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsScience 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsKarinaGenton
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingTechSoup
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13Steve Thomason
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityGeoBlogs
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
 
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
Call Girls in Dwarka Mor Delhi Contact Us 9654467111
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
 
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy ReformA Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
 
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docxMENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
 
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdfBASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
 
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
_Math 4-Q4 Week 5.pptx Steps in Collecting Data
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
 
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application ) Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
 
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of PowdersMicromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
Micromeritics - Fundamental and Derived Properties of Powders
 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
 
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its CharacteristicsScience 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
Science 7 - LAND and SEA BREEZE and its Characteristics
 
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
 
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activityParis 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
Paris 2024 Olympic Geographies - an activity
 

Contacts In Africa