Specie Plea Essay

Specie Plea Essay
A Specie's Plea
Hello! Sorry I didn't see you there. Oh, you do not know who I am? Then I might as well introduce myself. Obviously, you may think that I am a
monkey because that is mostly the general term that everyone would use when seeing animals like me. However, I am not a monkey because
monkeys have tails; do you see a tail on me? No right? Therefore, I am not a monkey. Then what am I? I am an ape, and yes, we are much more
different from monkeys. Let me elaborate more on my features that would help you in distinguishing us, apes, from monkeys.
Aside from the aforementioned, one distinct feature that separates us from monkeys is our size. We have a larger bone and body structure compared
to monkeys. Along with this, we have a bigger brain size ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Oh! I just remembered, how foolish of me not to formally introduce myself and most importantly, my specie. So let us do that first if you do not mind.
I am Seraiah and I am a Bonobo ape. I, along with my family, live in the continent of Africa around the areas of Congo and Zaire (Stanford, 1998). I
live in a rainforest – specifically in Congo – with abundant amounts of food, mostly vegetation because that is what we like eating (AndrГ© et al.,
2016; Donovan, 2011; & Miller, 2007). This rainforest is where I grew up in and I will never ask for a better place. The air around me or the climate
is humid, perfect for us, Bonobos. The scenery is, and will always be, breathtaking. There are different varieties of trees with different heights
everywhere you look (Oddizzi, 2004). The green color that greets me at each turn, and the sound of different animals–from crickets to birds–is like an
invitation for me to relax and just enjoy life with my family. The best part of my home is the tiny swamp just a few meters away. We love going in
the water regularly just to relax, but we do not swim, not at all (AndrГ© et al.,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Bonobos Research Paper
Humans and Bonobos
Hi, I am going to tell you facts about the mysterious bonobo. Bonobos are more closely related to humans than any other species of animal in the
world. They also have a similar shaped head to humans.Bonobos have a limited gene diversity due to poaching. Bonobos are currently in a special
program to breed before they are all gone.Father and Daughter bonobos can breed together, but the same cannot be said for Sons and Mothers.
Bonobos like to keep a steady relationship with their family and friends. Bonobos like to walk upright just like humans. Bonobos also have a similar
shaped body to humans. Bonobos are known to have enormous group orgies with the entire clan if there is a special event or tragedy. Bonobos are the
only creature to have the same number of human chromosomes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At night, Bonobos take part in a usual night call to signify that they are going to sleep. Bonobos have a very small area that they inhabit, which is the
congo and the congo river. Bonobos are one of the few primates that like to hunt and track smaller mammals including pygmy antelope and other
small rabbits. Bonobos are very talented climbers and great at swinging from vines. Most Bonobos have their first kids at the age of 13–15 year of
age. After their first kids, they have another breed every 5–6 years. Female Bonobos are at the top of the totem pole when it comes to every clan. In
every clan, there is a "chief" elected by the age that they are. When male Bonobos compete for a mate, they stare face to face, while "fencing with their
scrotums. Most clans consist of around 100–150 Bonobos. The average height of a Bonobo is at least 3ft. Tall. Most bonobos stop nursing their young
at the age of 5 or 6 years old. Bonobos love shiny and other metallic things to play with. Bonobos love to snack on berries, honey, leaves and nuts.
Bonobos live in an assortment of nests in an almost type of

Persuasive Speech : The Ways To Save Animals From Killing...
Imagine yourself as a deer... you are in a giant field just grassing and minding your own business. Then you hear something, you try to react, but
it's too late and everything turns black. You still can hear faintly though. You hear " EUREKA, I shot more deer than you Tyler." yelled something.
"Fine I guess I owe you a soda," said Tyler as his voice got fainter and fainter until it stopped. All you hear left is the rustling of leaves on the
ground. Then you can't hear any more. I just want to get the point out there that animals are not supposed to be killed for sport. There are many
reasons why we need animals. An example of this is bees... pollinate our flowers and without bees, there would be no flowers, nuts or apples. Most
of our fruits would be gone. I love animals and I want to help society grow and cherish. Animals are dying and going extinct... for what?!?! SPORT?
Why do people want to kill animals for their felt or ivory? Why kill endangered animals just for black market trading. When you could be using that
money to plant trees or making medicine for sick human and animals? My driving question is: What can we do as people of the world to save
animals from poachers? The research that I found does have a way we can prevent poachers from killing animals for sport and for their horns/ivory.
Animal poaching is a major uprising issue around the globe. This uprising problem is affecting so many different types of species; from elephants to
rhinos. According to

The Evolution of Man
Everything as we know it all started with a bang literally, it formed planets, stars, and even life forms. When it comes to mankind however, we are
relatively new to the universe despite most people's beliefs that the universe revolves around us. Without bringing religion into the mix, "all people
originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of approximately six million years"(human origins) which is quite some time compared to
our life span. As we evolved we adapted and became smarter and better able to survive. Survival of the fittest did not appear to be the case, the more
we evolved, the more over populated the world became. So what have we over come as a species, and where are we heading for the future generations?
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each tribe knew with justification that if it was not armed and ready, its very existence was imperiled"(discover magazine). Through competition
with each other, we as a species have been driven to adapt and evolve to overcome struggles that past generations have failed at. It's also led to the
growth of our cognitive skills, most inventions that we have created are either heal or war related. Once again group selection is pushing us to
create something bigger and better than the last technology to overcome the obstacle in front of them. Others have also theorized that our lust for
battle is also an unconscious urge to regulate the population. If we never had wars, by now our population would be in the trillion and we would
never be force to evolve either. Not only has war forced us to evolve, but also has disease. Over the millions of years we have occupied the earth
disease have wiped out entire civilizations. As we were forced to evolve from war, it's the same case with disease. Over these millions of years we
have faced the Black Plague, yellow fever, malaria, and that's only the tip of the metaphorical ice berg. As each of these diseases have hit man kind
we have adapted and built immunity as well as a wide range of medical advance's that have mostly come to light with in the past thousand years or so.
These immunities have come to pass because once a human has become immune they pass it to their

The Importance Of Bonobos And Well Rounded Animals
Bonobos are smart and well–rounded animals because they are omnivores, however, their diet consists of mostly fruits. During the off seasons of
these staple resources, they must rely on fallback food when their preferred foods are unavailable. Extremely social animals, Bonobos search for their
food by using a unique form of communication to locate and inform their group members of the food source.
A bonobo's diet is diverse and According to table 3 in The Apes: Challenges for the 21st Century, fruit takes up 55 percent of bonobos diet and 95
percent of their feces volume (Conklin–Brittain 2001, p. 167–174). Fruit is a staple in their diet, however, they also consume high–quality shoots,
leaves, mushrooms, seeds, flowers, stems and pith ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bonobos use a wide range of communication patterns to help forage for food. In an article titled Preliminary Observation on the Feeding Behavior of
Pan Paniscus, researchers studied the feeding behavior of Bonobos over a seven–month period. The researchers reported that when a small group (2–4
Bonobos) located a tree bearing ripe fruit, they would signal by vocalizing to the rest of the group (Badrian, 1981, p. 173–181). Bonobos use five
distinct calls when searching for food and a combination of these calls to describe the food quality of the source that they have located (Clay, 2011).
When a preferred food is found, peeps and barks are given to the others compared to yelps and grunts that are given to lesser preferred foods. When
Bonobos have acquired their food, they are social in their food sharing patterns. A study done by Vicky M. Oeize and her team showed thathunting and
meat sharing had more social than nutritional benefits (Oeize, 2008). In another study done that looked at the specifics of how they share their food,
the results showed that it is voluntary (Hare, 2010). The experiment was conducted in three adjacent rooms, with the food being in the center room.
One Bonobo was placed in the center room and rather than consuming all the food alone, eighty percent of the subjects opened one of the adjacent
doors to share with a recipient, even if it meant the recipient would eat all the food. The

Mating Habits of Bonobos and Honey Bees Essay
Every species has their unique way to survive and interact with their environment. Some have extra appendages in order to better combat predators, or
they have bodies that allow them to camouflage to their environment. Every species also has their way of reproducing and copulation, whether for
necessity or for enjoyment. Two species with different mating habits are the Apis mellifera, better known as honey bees, and Pan paniscus, Bonobos
apes. The former uses its reproduction methods for the survival of the entire colony of honey bees in exchange with the death of few and the former
uses copulation in a social setting in order to keep the peace of the pack.
Honey bees, or Apis mellifera, are social insects, despite what preconceptions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1990). They are not needed for the winter months because they do not possess a stinger and are therefore no use to the worker bees after copulation
with the queen.
When it comes time for a new queen to emerge and take the place of the old queen, the previous queen starts to lay eggs in queen cups. This
usually happens around the time when swarming, or the reproduction of these bees, is in favorable condition. These cups eventually become
specially constructed queen cells relatively similar to the shape of a peanut. Workers will only complete the queen cell once the queen lays an egg
in it. The queen larva develops differently from the other worker bees because it is fed royal jelly very heavily compared to the other larvae in the
hive, which are only fed the royal jelly for two days after they are born. This difference in their diet allows the queen larva to develop into a sexually
mature female. The royal jelly is made from digested pollen or nectar and mixed with a chemical that is produced from a gland on the head of a
nursing bee (Haydak, M. 1970).
The queen that emerges is called a virgin queen because she has not mated with any of the drones. In order to become the actual queen of the hive, the
virgin queen must find other queen rivals and kill them. She may also use

Songololo Character Analysis
Anastasia is a bonobo who has one daughter name Songololo. Currently, they both are living in a enclosure with other bonobos and Sophie.
Anastasia is very mean, cruel and over protective because of the way she was treated with humans. She was adopted by Sophie's mom who took
care of her, right after she was betrayed by her owners because she was being all tough and active. After, her owners betrayed her, she felt lonely by
herself in the enclosure and had to get along in a new environment with other bonobos. As stated in the text, "When Anastasia had first arrived, she'd
sat by the fence and cried, wondering why she'd been locked away with other sticky apes", and "Slowly she'd adapted though and had become part of
bonobo society" (Schrefer 96). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This change caused her life in a horrible way epically how the way she acts The past experiences has a major effect on her, not only as a bonobo but
as a mother. She is very cruel and harsh to the other bonobos especially to her daughter, Songololo. She also has a very mean attitude that causes
problems. When the author states, "Songololo followed until the water went over her waist, then shrieked and climbed her clinging to her skull.
Anastasia suffered the indignity, slapping Songololo only when her fingers went into her eye" (Schrefer 92). This states that Anastasia has problems,
Songololo is only a child. She is learning from her and kids need to play around and have fun especially when they are around their mother. It's her
own flesh and blood. Another example, " Anastasia had snatched him from the branch and bitten his foot . Then she threw him down and watched him
fall."( Schrefer 93). This states that she is unsympathetic ,having to hurt someone when they are playing around. This occurred as a punishment when
Otto and Songololo were having fun . He was punished because Songololo was injured. She doesn't realize what she is

Dr Sue Savage Rumbaugh 's Language Experiment Essay
Human beings are the highest in the order of primates, they are followed by monkeys and apes. Examples of lower primates are lemurs and
bushbabies. A primate is a mammal that usually has forward–facing eyes and hands, they may also be considered social animals. The closer a primate
is to 'human capability', the higher it is in the ranking of primates. The definition of language can be used to determine the accuracy and validity of
linguist, Chomsky's claim. Language can be verbal as well as physical. It is the way by which we communicate, it is therefore a social tool.
Communication is the exchange of information. Types of communication include speech, writing, facial expressions and sign language. In this essay I
will particularly focus on Dr Sue Savage–Rumbaugh's language experiment with Kanzi the bonobo, a relative of the chimp with support from other
experiments such as the Gardners research into Washoe. I will also consider the differing definitions of language to reach conclusions as well as the
nature, nurture debate.
Allowing that language is defined by the ability to speak, Physiological evidence shows that humans have feature which make them specially adapted
to talk. For example, human beings have a developed brain structure and a flexible tongue in order to make different sounds. On the other hand,
chimpanzees and higher primates have immature vocal tracts, which are narrow. Speaking is therefore a species specific characteristic of homo
sapiens. Advancements

The chimpanzee became its own species when it separated...
The chimpanzee became its own species when it separated from bonobos about 2 to 3 million years ago (Mitchell, and Gonder). According to the
article "Chimps And Bonobos", this most likely happened because of allopatric speciation which is the separation of a species through physical
forces like mountains or rivers that isolate the two groups. The physical force that separated the two species was most likely Zaire River which is also
called the Congo River in Sub–Sahara Africa. About 2 million years ago there was a drought south of the river and drove the gorillas that were living
the area north. Without an apex predator in the area the common ancestor of the two animals crossed the river and became isolated from their relative
the bonobo. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Chimpanzee, an example of a homologous structure it shares with its descendants is its relatively large skull. As the animals became
more evolved their skull shapes started to change to accommodate for a larger brain. This size difference is shown in Figure 2 because you can see
the difference in the brain and skull size of the chimpanzees (bottom) and humans (top) (Chimpanzee). This is because Cranium size is determined
by brain size and recent evidence by (Dumas, 2012) shows that this is likely determine by a protein domain called DUF1220. DUF1220 is a
domain, a sub section of a gene, which is about 65 amino acids long and expressed mostly in neurons (DUF1220). Research (Dumas, 2012) shows
that more copies present in the genome the larger the brain size is in that animal. Humans have 270 copies and the trend goes down from there with
Chimps having 125, Gorillas 99 and marmosets 30 and mice just one (Dumas). This research shows the reasons hominids increased in brain size is
because there was a mutation that increased the amount of DUF1220 in their lineage which led to gradually larger brain sizes. Since the Chimps split
off (Figure 1) before this mutation their brains did not increase in size; hence the reason they are still similar to the common ancestor of both chimps
and humans.
Another homologous structure unique to apes that evolved from the

Similarities Between Primate And Primate Behaviors And...
I watched several documentaries which allowed me to observe different species of primates living in their natural habitats. I took notes of what I saw
and researched information on the species to fully understand the meaning of each discernable behavior. The first documentary that I watched was
made by KPBS San Diego and allowed me to observe a community of Bonobos living in their natural habitat in Congo. Second documentary that I
watched was a BBC documentary which allowed me to observe a small community of Chimpanzees living in Uganda. I then watched a second BBC
documentary in which observed Crested Black Macaques in their natural habitat, the Timbuktu Rainforest I could observe and take notes. I then
reviewed the documentaries whiles listening to the observer's comments. During my observations, I witnessed many different primate activities such as
social grooming, the use of tools, and hunting. I was also able to identify several different primate behaviors and social structures. Additionally,
watching different species of primate allowed me to identify their similarities and differences. Moreover, I was also able to recognize similarities
between them and us, humans.
The Peaceful Bonobo Apes of the Congo for example:
They are of the suborder Haplorhini, the infraorder Anthropoidea, the superfamily Hominidae, and the family Hominidae. Following is a list of
physical features I could observe:
–Generally tall and thin body
–Upper limbs longer than lower limbs
–Large

Bimpes Vs Human Apes
For centuries human beings have been compared to other primates such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Charles Darwin (1809–1882) had a
theory about species. His theory is called darwinism. His theory states that all species of organisms arose and develop through evolution. Organisms
change over time to adapt to the environment they are presently in. It is inherited by the species from its ancestors an ability to compete, survive, and
reproduce.
There were others who theorized as to why certain animals such as monkeys and chimps were the way they were. Kevin Hunt, director of the human
primate believes the reason why human beings stand up today and not hunched like a monkey is because our ancestors stood upright in the order to
reach vegetation in low– hanging tree branches. This a interesting theory, but it goes further. Science has studied and compared DNA to chimpanzees,
and boronos. It is a belief that humans come from apes. However based on DNA testing its has been shown that human and chimp DNA are quite
similar. The bonono also fall in this category. According to the article American Museum and Natural History by Bernard spitzer both thechimpanzee
and bonobo, and also apes are considered humans closest living relative. An example of this is that scientists compared humans, chimpanzees and
bonobos DNA and found astonishing results.The results indicated that 98.8 percent are shared by both humans and chimps. Humans, Chimps and
bonobos descended from a single

Humans : Humans Compassionate Or Aggressive?
Gregory Vicci
Professor Stichler
Phi 200
February 27, 2015
Humans compassionate or aggressive?
Humans are a very confusing species with a multitude of different things that impact their everyday lives. The question that is raised through many
different situations is if the human species is naturally aggressive or compassionate. This question is one of the most complicated that is posed in
today's society. With so many different things in today's society representing both aggression and compassion many people wonder which one of
these qualities naturally is present in humans. Throughout the world many different compassionate and aggressive acts are completed every day. I
personally believe that humans are naturally compassionate. Humans as a whole do not want suffering, and a good portion of the world would be
completely content with a peaceful compassionate world. While the humans are a complicated species this paper will display the theories of
compassion by David Hume, biologist Franz De Waal, and many other different sources who are speaking on the topic of compassion. The
significance of this question is extremely relevant to today's society. With all the different conflicts in the world it is bringing up the question is their
compassion in the world? Are humans a compassionate species? We see examples of humans being compassionate towards animals and other people,
but is this all just a charade to keep up self–image? My argument though goes as

An Evaluation Of A Research Study Lecture Notes, L. Meek (...
EPM can be inherited because just like any other traits that will enhance our survival. The six properties that were discussed in lecture were great
criteria to determine whether an observed behavior was an EPM in a species. An EPM solved a specific problem of survival or reproduction
recurrently over the evolutionary history. Only narrow of information is processed according to EPM. The adaptive problem that an organism is
facing is also informed by the EPM. Also EPM transformed through, leaving some room for decision making for an individual as the output. The
output is also physiological activity when you make the decision to go with it or take a step back. Finally, the output is to solve a specific problem.
In the lecture notes, L. Meek (personal communication, Jan 27, 2016) provided David Buss's summary of the definition of EPM, "an EPM is a set of
procedures within an organism designed to take in a particular slice of information and transform that information via decision rules into output that
historically has helped with the solution to an adaptive problem. The psychological mechanism exists in current organisms because it led, on average,
to the successful solution of a specific adaptive problem for that organism's ancestors (2016)."
EPM existed to solve a specific problem of survival and reproduction, for example, when human males are aggressive because in the hunter–gatherers
societies being able to defend your territories and protect your people is a need to

An Essay On Language And Communication
Wherever life exists, communication occurs. Language and communication dominates every aspect of human life. Language is always evolving and
adapting to the needs of its user. Yet, the fact that language is the medium of communication has never change. In short, language and communication
are different things that cannot be separated.
According to Edward Sapir (1921), language is defined as a purely human and non–instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desire by
means of voluntarily produced symbols. As stated in 'Language and Communication' by Jack C. Richard, communication is understood as the exchange
andnegotiation of information between at least two individuals through the use of verbal and non–verbal symbols. The main purpose of acquisition of
language is for communicative purposes. According to Camp & Satterwhite (2002), the main purposes of communication are to inquire, to inform, to
persuade and to develop goodwill. Language is exceptional important as a means of communication. However, communication can occur without
language. There are many other methods of communication such as Braille alphabet, Morse code, mathematical symbols, gestures and other body
languages. Yet, these communication methods are very limited and not flexible. In contrast, language is more comprehensive, perfect... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Speech is given primary importance because we do not know any society that does not have a language which is spoken. Speech existed long before
writing. Writing is no doubt important but language without speech is unthinkable. Linguist John Lyons (1968) stated that writing is essentially a
means of representing speech in another medium. Therefore, as language does not exist in a vacuum, language is primarily vocal. As a result, speech
also plays a major role in communication as language and communication are highly

Bonobo Research Paper
The bonobo has pink lips, a black face, and black hair that parts straight down the middle of its head. It has tuff, black fur. It's smaller, leaner, and
darker than its cousin, the chimpanzee. Females weigh about 63 pounds and males weigh about 85 pounds. Male bonobos grow to be about 4 feet
tall and females grow to be about 3.5 feet tall. They usually live to be about 60 years old. They eat fruits, leaves, flowers, insects, and small
mammals. They are secondary consumers because they eat small mammals (primary consumers), leaves (producer), and bonobos are being hunted
by humans. The bonobos are also the only group of apes to be led by females. They live in a group of about 100 members. Bonobos are known to be
one of the most peaceful animals, for example, if they come into contact with another monkey they will play with it and groom it.... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also constantly warm which is great for a variety of plants and animals to survive . Many animals like the congo peacock, leopard, and forest
elephant live here as well. The lowland rainforest also contains the largest trees out of all of the rain forests. One example of a lowland rain forest
where the bonobo lives, is the Democratic Republic of Congo in the forests south of the Congo River, but not all of their habitats are protected. Many
factors like logging, slash, and burn agriculture, and humans moving in all play part in the Bonobos losing their homes. Bonobos are constantly
competing against humans to keep their land. All of these factors are what has put the bonobo on the endangered species

Sex At Dawn By Chrstopher Ryan And Cacilda Jetha
WORD COUNT: 942
Sex At Dawn by Chrstopher Ryan and Cacilda Jetha, describes our current society as a sexual hypocrisy where monogamy is the norm and everything
else falls under taboo. Based on prehistoric facts, they argue that we derive from a sexually free and promiscuous culture, and were never meant to be
in lifelong monogamous unions. In Paleofantasy by Martha Zuk, looks at evolutionary theorists, like Ryan and Jetha, who use the Paleolithic Age for
guidance on how our current society should live. Zuk's argument is that people want to make our nature into one–form, but humans are not designed
for one–way/form of life. As for our sexual system it too can not be put into one–form. Zuk shows various points on popular assertions, creating
uncertainty to the reader. This therefore shows how difficult it is to determine a precise natural sexual practice from our past, and debunking Ryan and
Jetha. For this reason, Zuk provides a better argument regarding how we should use prehistoric history in present day.
Many scientists and theorists have used primates to determine what early human sexuality might have been like. We have all descended from primates,
Homo Sapiens are 1 of 5 surviving species of great apes; Alongside Chimpanzees, Bonobos, Gorillas and Orangutans. Evolutionary theorists Ryan and
Jetha used primates, specifically Bonobos, to prove our ancestors promiscuity. Zuk however, uses example from all primates to show various types of
living, not just promiscuity. By

Annotated Bibliography : Apes Show Concern For One Another...
Annotated Bibliography: Primates
Dixon, Hayley. "Apes Cuddle Each Other When Upset like Humans." The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 15 Oct. 2013. Web. 17 Mar. 2016. .
Apes show concern for one another very much like humans do. Researchers in the article written by Dixon explain this affectionate trait is prevalent
in young Bonobos. Monkey kiss, hug and embrace each other for comfort very much like humans do. Monkeys who scream frequently and are not
quieted by these emotional exchanges show less compassion for others. Dixon's article mentions Bonobos who are under the care of their mother are
more self aware, more affectionate, well adjusted and less prone to fits. The article written article for the Telegraph is intended for the average reader
and lacks detail. Although the article by Dixon touches on some affectionate behaviors, it leaves out the exchange discussion that evolution or DNA
share between humans and the primates. Such a simple article leaves more to be desired.
Ghose, Tia. "Male Sexual Aggression: What Chimps Can Reveal About People." LiveScience.com. Purch, 1 Nov. 2014. Web. 18 Mar. 2016.. In the
article Male Sexual Aggression, Ghose mentions that researchers find that apes who are more aggressive with their female counterparts produce
offspring than apes who are not. Researchers believe that chimpanzees may give insight into human interaction and male aggression. Male chimpanzees
are reported the slap, beat and choke their female counterparts and

Animal Forms Of Communication As Less Complex Or...
As humans, we find it easy to conclude that we are the smartest, most superior beings on the planet. What is it that makes us so certain that this is
true? Animals do not speak our language, so we make the judgment that they are less. If we look beyond our own form of verbal communication, we
may find that the domesticated animals we keep as pets are trying to communicate with us sometimes, especially dogs. Do they not greet us at the
door, running with a wagging tail? Do they not try to warn and ward off potential intruders? Do they not want to eat whatever it is that a person is
eating, even if that means licking crumbs off the plate just before it goes in the dish washer? Cats communicate through habits of their own – they purr
and hiss. Why do we evaluate animal forms of communication as less complex or intelligent than our own? Though we often see non–human animals as
inferior, viewing their intelligence as fundamentally different from our own, imagining them as incapable of communicating in a way similar to
humans, and focusing on differences in physical form and societal structure, humans and other animals are far more similar than we might think.
Particular similarities exist between humans and primates. In the book Evolution and Human Behavior: Darwinian Perspectives on Human Nature,
John Cartwright writes, "In terms of the amino acid sequences in a range of blood proteins, and hence the genes responsible, we are virtually identical
to chimpanzees" (162–4).

Primates In The Fosters
In this episode of The Fosters, the show revolved around 8 main primates (5 females and 3 males) and their interaction with each other as well as
others around them such as co–workers and friends. 6 of these primates are family, 2 parents and 4 siblings, and the other 2 are in a romantic
relationship with a sibling. They all live in suburban area in San Diego, California and often find themselves in difficult situations together which leads
to arguments.
Through observing individual's behaviors, you can determine the social relationship present with the person they are interacting with. The primates in
The Fosters behave differently depending on what relationship is established between the individuals. The data consists of 5 social relationships ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is similar to the laughing behavior I observed in the primates of The Fosters. Both the Bonobos and the characters in the show laugh when joking
around or "playing." They also both exhibit a "play face" when they laugh by somewhat smiling and opening their mouth. Chimpanzees live in a
fission–fusion social group where are large community is split up into smaller parties ("Chimpanzee Pan Troglodytes"). These parties change member
quickly, consists of around 5 and 8 individuals, and are usually mixed sex ("Chimpanzee Pan Troglodytes"). The primates in The Fosters also live in a
small mixed sex group with around the same number of individuals, but, unlike chimpanzees, these primates do not change group members quickly
with others a larger community. The family in The Fosters stays together. Mountain gorillas live in age–graded groups with one adult male and multiple
adult females with their offspring ("Gorilla Gorilla"). Although this is different than the group primates in The Fosters, both groups contain multiple
adult females with their offspring. The Fosters group is headed by the two adult females instead of a

Summary Of Eliot Schrefer's Endangered
One of the fundamental principles of any young adult novel is its relatability. Oftentimes, teenagers are forced to read outdated, complicated written
works for school for the sake of introducing them to the literary canon. More often than not, teenagers cannot relate to these works due to a variety of
factors: the language is complex and difficult to read, there are no exciting characters or plot events, or it's just plain old boring. As a result, teenagers
turn to young adult novels as a safe haven–it is where they find books they can actually relate to. Consequently, any worthwhile young adult novel has
to be both interesting and relatable, risking limited success if the latter is absent. Without a doubt, Eliot Schrefer's Endangered is nothing short of
interesting, documenting the exciting tale of a young girl's journey throughout the Democratic Republic of Congo during heightened civil unrest.
However, when it comes to the relatability of his novel, Schrefer takes a risk as a result of his setting and plot choices, but still succeeds in presenting
something teenagers can relate to through the character of Sophie. As teenagers read through Schrefer's Endangered, it is likely that many will fail to
form connections between the novel's setting and plot and their own lives. All in all, Schrefer's choice to set the novel in the Democratic Republic of
Congo, while essential to the story, provides readers with an obstacle when it comes to relating to the story's setting.

Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro
How do you classify rather someone is human or not? A tricky question has many different possible answers, but only a few that could be justified as
being human. Kazuo Ishiguro has addressed this topic in his book Never Let Me Go. A reoccurring question throughout the novel is rather or not these
clones are considered a human being or just another science project. Suspicious individuals of the surrounding communities in the novel, believed that
the students were not human, because they could not reproduce, they did not have any parents, and for the slight fact that what the students were going
through was morally unacceptable. In my opinion, Ishiguro shows that the clones are indeed human, because of their artwork, which proves that ...
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Normal humans show emotion every day, rather it is being concerned for ones worth or being happy or sad. Emotions are key aspect in classifying
one as human. Another point in the story that prove they have emotions like humans is through the eyes of Kathy. Kathy is the last one left living
after her friends Tommy and Ruth have died. At one particular moment, after Tommy had died she became upset. She said " The fantasy never got
beyond that I didn't let it and though the tears rolled down my face, I wasn't sobbing or out of control" (page 288). It is a normal human feeling to
feel upset with death. In addition, it is also in the human nature to cry when you lose someone close to you. Kathy does this and acts in a way a human
made by reproduction means would act, proving that she and her fellow students have human like charactertics of emotions.
A part of being human you have this desire to be in love and share this intimacy with someone special. A constant topic presented in Ishiguero novel
is the idea of having sexual intercourse with someone who you love. The students were constantly in and out of relationships, and did thing with their
partner just like normal adolescents humans. For instance, Ruth said, "I'm in a couple. So if I want to do it, I just do it with Tommy" (128). Sex
played a big part in their relationships. Kathy explains that the sex when they were younger was more open and talked about, but as they grew older
and move on to the cottages sex was

Primate Paper : Primate Life On Earth
Carlos Lopez
Henninger–Sashur
Biological Anthropology
March 18, 2016
Primate Paper Primate life on earth began about 50–55 million years ago during the Eocene Epoch, although it is unknown how many different living
species of primates there on earth. One likely fact is that the major groups of primates have been discovered, two of who are the Pongo Orangutan and
the Pan Paniscus Bonobo. The word Orangutan translated from Malay means "Person of the forest" this is so because there are only two places you
can find an Orangutan's: Malaysia and Indonesia. The orangutan is an official state animal of Sabah in Malaysia. There are two different types of
Orangutan's; the Bornean Orangutan, which found on the island of Borneo and the Sumatran Orangutan, which is found on the Sumatra Island.
Orangutans are known as the world's largest tree climbing mammals, unlike other primates they spend the majority of their lives on trees. Orangutan
habitat consists of primary tropical rain forest and old secondary forest at low elevations. Orangutans prefer high–density climate due to their diet,
which consists 65% of fruit. Bonobos have been considered humankind's closest relative and share 98% of our DNA. Bonobos can only be found in
one country: the Democratic Republic of the Congo also known as DRC. Bonobos inhabit the second largest rainforest on earth, the Congo Basin.
Bonobos prefer swampy rainforests and similar to the Orangutans, Bonobos are arboreal which are adapted to living on

Human Consolation Behavior In Animals Analysis
Animals – The Human Side The idea that social animals can display morals and empathy in the same way as humans do is amazing, but also very
natural as they are living beings. Animals can also be very caring, loving, and understanding toward each other. Humans witness this in their homes
everyday living with their pets of choice. Zoos and animal sanctuaries also experience all of the human–animal qualities and have the research to prove
it. If more people are made aware of the human qualities of animals it can help our animal population to thrive and be safe from animal experimentation.
Animals can continue to live happy and healthy lives within their own natural environment. They have and show many moral human qualities such as
reconciliation, cooperation, empathy, reciprocity, compassion, understanding, and intelligence.
In his TED Talk, "Moral Behavior in Animals,"Frans de Waala biologist and primatologist, known for his work on the behavior and social intelligence
of primates, argues the studies he performs about moral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is empathy driven, says de Waal when he shows a picture of a male chimp that lost a fight and a juvenile chimp puts an arm around him and calms
him down. This is consolation and it's very similar to human consolation behavior. He recognizes the distress in the other chimp and cares enough
about him to console him. In his article, "Do Animals Have Morals and Show Empathy?" Kiran Moodley, cites Dr. Frans de Waal when he states, "de
Waal says animal empathy is underestimated: There is increasing evidence, mostly in mammals, but also in birds, that animals are sensitive to the
emotions of others and react to distress in others by attempts to ameliorate their situation or rescue them" (Independent.co.uk). Animals can show an
incredible amount of kindness towards each other and humans. The juvenile chimp feels deep empathy for the male chimp and wants to ease his

The Thinking Ape : Primate Communication And Human Evolution
The Thinking Ape: Primate Communication and Human Evolution
By szeigler | Studymode.com
The Thinking Ape: Primate Communication & Human Evolution
Human behavior is so enigmatic and multifaceted that it 's difficult to connect it to past influences, but how did we become the linguistic, cultured, and
hugely successful animals that we are? Our closest relatives – the mentally complex and socially skilled primates––offer insightful clues. The language
competence of non–human primates is one of the most controversial issues in present–day linguistics, with disbelief ranging from bored indifference to
caustic accusations of fraud. By definition, language is any system of formalized symbols, signs, sounds, gestures, or the like used or conceived as a
means of communicating thought, emotion, etc. An evaluation of primate behavior demonstrates true emotions, feelings, planning and communication,
that not only other primates understand, but humans can understand as well. This is far beyond primates mimicking their counterparts, and evidence
strongly suggests that there is much more thoughts and feelings linked to their human like communicative abilities. (King 1999.) Human beings
behave in ways that are deeply unique; such as creating art, music, solving mathematical equations, planning for the future and developing religions.
These behavior patterns have led many to believe that modern humans stand apart from the rest of nature. Regardless of those differences, human
beings "are one

Essay on Save the Animals: Say No to Animal Experimentation!
Most of the medications that we in market today have been tested and proven effective for animals before prescribing them to human beings.
However, would it feel good to know that every year, hundreds of thousands of animals are captured from the wild and die just because of these said
experiments? For many years now, scientists have been using animals for their laboratory experiments to produce new medicines. Although scientists
have been using this process for many decades in the field of medicine, it is still a controversial issue for those who are pro animal experimentation
and against animal experimentation. Both sides have been arguing about the necessity of these procedures of the medical field. Carl Cohen, a vocal
animal... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, the public who are pro animal experimentation claims that most of these experiments are done with rodents (Gaughen 3). However,
a research proved that a lot of non–human primates, which are more similar to human beings that any other animals, are taken away from the wild and
are sold to research laboratories (Mur 2). For instance, up to 2,000 macaque monkeys, which are already listed endangered in the international Union
for the Conservation of Nature are stolen from the wild and sold to Japanese laboratories every year (2). Note that these monkeys are already
endangered and yet, thousands of them are sold in Japan alone. Many people put a lot of effort in saving endangered animals' lives, yet other
laboratories and animal traffickers are quick to make these animals extinct. Second, non–human primates and other animals are poor subjects for
experimentation. Conversely, most people have been blinded by the claims of scientists, and are now believers that animal experimentation can save
lives of human beings. People who are pro animal experimentation believe that if not for this mentioned procedure, we wouldn't have great medicines
that we now use. Carl Cohen for example, believes that "if not for animal experimentation, vaccines for diseases such as polio and malaria would not
have been discovered: (Gaughen 1). They claim that more people might have died if a product of animal experimentation

Bonobo Research Paper
Anthropology–101
BONOBOS
Species Origination and Geographical Distribution –The bonobo is the most recently discovered great ape in modern times. It was revealed in 1929 by
German anatomist Ernest Schwarz that a skull once thought belonging to a juvenile chimpanzee was in fact a new subspecies of chimpanzee known
now as the Pan paniscus, or bonobo. (Waal 6) During the Pleistocene epoch approximately 1.5 million years ago, the Congo River was formed in what
is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (San Diego Zoo 2) The river geographically segregated groups and individual chimpanzees south of the
river resulting in these chimps being reproductively isolated. Allopatric speciation took place as a response to new ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Bonobo's are classified within the Genus Pan, Species paniscus. Pan paniscus is commonly referred to as the pygmy/lesser/dwarf chimpanzee, and
gracile ape. The name bonobo is said to be meaningless, taken from a misspelling on a shipping crate headed to the town of Bolobo in the Democratic
Republic of Congo. (Primate Info Net) On an interesting note, some taxonomists suggest putting both chimpanzees and bonobo's in the same Genus as
humans, Homo, due to genetic similarities in the species because both are humans closest genetic relatives. (San Diego Zoo 2) (Wildman Et. Al. 2003)
Physical Characteristics –Bonobo's display a varied degree of sexual dimorphism, which is a characteristic specific to either male or female sex.
When comparing the two sexes, males are more muscular and hold an average weight of 95 pounds compared to an average of 82 pounds and a
slighter built female, a 15 percent weight difference between them. Sexual dimorphism is also apparent in that males possess a unique dental trait,
long canines, a feature that females lack. Both sexes are similar in that neither has a height advantage, averaging 2.3 to 3 feet in height. (Waal 24)
Bonobo's possess long, fine black hair covering most of the body and black colored hands and feet. Their black faces feature wide, thick walled
nostrils and long black facial hair that often covers their small ears. Their head hair

Communication And Complex Communication
Complex Communication
Where humans are today is an absolute miracle significantly due to the process of collective learning. Collective learning is how individuals learned
to do many fundamental tasks and how various cultures in the world developed. Early evidence of collective learning was found by archaeologists
when they discovered human skulls that dated back about 200,000 years ago. These skulls had a more flexible jaw allowing those early humans to
speak vocally. (Early Evidence of Collective Learning, Big History Project). Languages allowed humans to share information with each other and pass
down information across countless generations. Humans have cultivated a complex and well–defined language that has allowed for collective learning
in which we can progress much further as a society than any other animal group has.
All living beings have communication but what's special about human communication is that there are elaborate languages. These elaborate languages
have a lot of flexibility to the point where new words are made and added constantly (Text 8). However, in other organisms that doesn't happen because
they keep on communicating in a stagnant language. For example, bacteria can communicate by producing distinctive organic molecules that have
specialized receptors. These receptors allow bacteria to detect the presence of other bacteria (Text 1). This is important to bacteria because it lets them
detect other bacteria and usually bacteria want to be in a

The Conservation Of Chimpanzees Is The Idea Of Protecting...
The conservation of Chimpanzees is the idea of protecting this endangered species from going extinct. The ides of protecting the chimps are
motivated by their human like characteristics, and ability to be seen as "little people". People want to save the reflection of themselves because they
feel that a piece of our human history will be lost without them.
There isn't a big difference between humans and chimps as we once thought. Humans, chimps and bonobos descended from a single ancestor species
that lived six million years ago. Gradually evolution has evolved them to become three separate species. Although they come from a common ancestor,
their DNA that was passed down from generation to generation has changed due to adaptations in the gene, environmental factors, reproductive fitness,
and mate selection. Bones and muscle tissue are the same in both species.
The only differentiation is the bipedal and quadrupedal movement. Bipedalism adapted to have shorter arms while for quadrupedalism the arm length
is much longer. The facial features are quite similar. Both have little hairs all over their body, similar eye shape, ear and mouth structure. Chimps
even get bald spots on their head like older men when it comes to aging. When looking at a chimp it is easy to see the resemblance we share. We
enjoy watching these creatures do human like activities in the media because they look like little people, it's so adorable and entertaining. These
chimps can even function in

Pan Troglodytes ( Chimpanzee )
Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee) I chose this species because I wanted to do research on Chimpanzees. I thought it would be a great topic because it's
interesting and I love chimpanzees and would like to own one.
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Pan
Species: Pan troglodytes
Common name: Chimpanzee
Morphology
Average life age 45–60
Average size 3.5 to 5.5 ft
Weight average
Their skin is hair which is usually black or brown
The hair covers their bodies and not their faces, hands or feet
The hairless parts are shades of brown, depending on age.
Large ears
Deep eyebrow ridge
Hands and feet like humans, opposable big toe helps grip objects
Knuckle walk
32 teeth, to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ecology and Diet
The common Chimpanzee is a frugivorous species, but they will often consume seeds, nuts, flowers, leaves, honey, during dry seasons. Also they
will eat insects, eggs, and animals such as monkeys. The common chimpanzee is a good hunter, usually males will form groups to go hunt. They
hunt monkeys, antelopes, duikers, and pigs. Chimpanzee's swing from branch to branch this helps them move swiftly in the trees, every night the

Chimpanzee's build a nest made of branches and leaves up in a tree. Usually the tree is one they were near during the day, and often members of the
group build their nests near each other. Chimpanzees are very sociable, they like to spend the day feeding, grooming and playing with other members
in their group. Groups range in size from maybe 15 to 120 chimps depending on the habitat and the amount of available food. They are territorial and
do like tolerate outsiders, they even will kill one that is from another group. Chimpanzee's usually walk on all fours, which is called knuckle walking,
theys can stand and walk upright just like humans.
Tool Use Chimpanzees are one of the few animal species that can use tools. They carve sticks to help remove insects from their nests or out of the
logs. They use stones to open nuts and they use leaves as cups for drinking water.
Chimpanzee Social Behavior and

Speaking Bonobo
The linguist is wrong towards animals. They are saying a type of ape called a Bonobo can't learn or use language.The truth is they can because they
are intelligent and how they're able to learn. Animals are able to learn. Kanzi is a 26–year–old male Bonobo.According to the article, Speaking Bonobo
it says "Matata was getting taught to communicate with a keyboard... Matata never the hang of it, but Kanzi who played in the background... he got
the hang of it" This shows they have a way to learn because Kanzi wasn't even taught to communicate with a keyboard but, he still picked up the
talent. This shows how they're able to learn they're able to learn. According to the article Speaking Bonobo, it says "Savage–Rumbaugh and her
colleagues kept

Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle
The first topic addressed in this book that I will focus on is the social behavior of apes, specifically on courting rituals and mating behavior, such as
the love dance performed by the "humans" in the novel. The second topic is the (in)capability of apes to produce human speech. In the novel, the apes
all speak human language, but in reality, this is not a likely possibility. To elaborate on the first topic, when the "humans" in the novel are taken to
the research facility, Ulysse soon realizes that they were brought there so that the apes could "study in captivity the amorous practices of men, the
methods of approach of the male and the female, [and] the manner in which they copulate" (Boulle 39). To put it simply, the apes wanted to study the
mating behavior of these men. Ulysse discovers that before copulation, the man engages in some sort of courting act that resembles "a sort of slow,
hesitant dance consisting of steps forward, backward, and sideways" (Boulle 40). He circles around the female while she also pivots around, watching
the male, and this display of love is concluded with sexual intercourse.
I decided to look at the sexual behavior of bonobos because they are known for their frequent sexual behavior. Though they are not one of the types of
great apes mentioned in the book, a bonobo is nonetheless a great ape that belongs in the same genus as the common chimpanzee. Furuichi et al.
observed bonobos in their naturalistic habitat in Wamba, Democratic Republic

Bonobo Intelligence Animal Essay
Why do we say that Bonobo has intelligence? Similar to humans might be a partial reason why Bonobo is classified as intelligence animal. Many
evidences show that Bonobo expresses its intelligence in the natural world. Bonobo is highly intelligence and physically similar to human ancestor.
Bonobos were discovered in the forest along the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1927. They are named as the "pygmy
chimpanzees" because of the similarities in their physical traits with chimpanzees. A lot of people make the same mistake in recognizingBonobo and
Chimpanzee though they have the same height. However, Bonobo come with leaner body, smaller head and longer leg than Chimpanzee. Moreover,
they physically feature as the closest primates to human who hold "almost 98.6 percent of their DNA" comparing with human.( http:/
/www.nydailynews.com)
Specifically, learning language indicates the most stunning ability about Bonobos intelligence. Human is regarded as the intelligence animal because
we can use language which distinguishes us with others. Language covers many combinations of words such as grammars, sentences, phrases that only
human can understand. Since I was a child, I usually thought that the world of animal had its own language that we did not know about it. Although
many species can understand what their species want to transfer in the world of nature by using methods such as waves or signal, but none of them can
deliver it into language. But we know this:

Genetic Differences: Similarities Between A Chimpanzee And...
A chimpanzee can weigh anywhere between 55 to 110 pounds. They are approximately 4 feet tall, full grown. A chimpanzee lives up to 50 years, in
the wild. They do not have tails, like a lot of mammals do, but they do have thumbs, like a human. As many people know, a chimpanzee a chimpanzee
and a human share 98% of their genetics. That makes them, humans closest living relative. many people do not know that there are two different kinds
of chimps. There is the common chimp, but then there is the bonobos. Physically they look the same, but genetically they are different. They share only
99.6% of their genetics making them two different species. Although they are different, both species still share 98% ofhuman genetics. The scientific
name for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are very easy to train. Many chimpanzees are taught sign language. Some are even taught to use computers. Though they can do many things, a
chimp doesn't like to be in water. The average chimpanzee cannot swim. Chimps are omnivores. Omnivore means that they eat, fruits, nuts, seeds, and
insects. Only occasionally do they eat meat. When they find food they make howling noises to tell others. Chimpanzees are found in 21 African
countries. They live mainly in trees. They also spend most of their days in treetops, and at night they sleep in tree nest. They are very social animals.
They live in communities of several dozen. Their community is like a really close extended family. In each community there is an alpha male.They
communicate with each other by barks, grunts, screams, and grooming. A mother carries her baby in the womb for 8 months. She only has one child
at a time. She only has children every 5–6 years. It is rare for her to have twins or triplets. After they are born a female takes care of the chimps by
themselves. The infants ride on their moms stomachs. A chimpanzee becomes independent at 4 years old, but they stay with their mother for up to 10
years. A female becomes an adult at 13. A male is not an adult until

Primate Observation
Mark Mariano
Professor Guenther
Anthropology 131
November 25, 2012
Primate Observation Primates are one of the most interesting mammals on earth, not only because of their complex social structures, but because they
hold so many similar characteristics to humans. Primates are often cited as our closest living relatives and on two separate occasions I observed four
separate species of primates at the San Diego Zoo that can justify their use of their physical characteristics and behaviors that may be similar as well as
different to the other primates and ours.
The first group of primates I mainly observed were the Bonobos, also known as the pygmy chimps to many. On this occasion a youngster running ...
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After about 10 minutes, he is abruptly bothered by the youngster who is running on his knuckles towards the male and runs back up the hill as if he is
taunting him. The youngster does it about 3 mores times within the next 7 minutes and perches upon the hill in the same position as the silverback,
except he is bended at the knees in squat position. In my second visit, I return to the gorilla exhibit for about 10 minutes to see a female unknown if
related to the previous observation in submission. She is found crouched to the floor with her elbows on the ground and hands extended out and her
butt perched up. Her hind legs are also bent and position to help support her butt. Three minutes upon observation, a silverback male comes running on
his knuckles from another part of the exhibit and mounts the female. He positions himself on his knuckles to provide him support and continues with
the sexual intercourse, in which I conclude my observations. Gorillas are the largest group of primates and although they are known as being bipedal,
similar to humans and other primates, they often use knuckle walking to move around. On observation, they have seems to have a more robust front
appearance than their hind legs and behind. Their cranium is taller than other primates and lower mandible more protruding than their snout. They also
have human–like ears that are parallel to their eyes and are small in size. They have

Bonobos Research Paper
Bonobo's scientific name is Pan paniscus and the Bonobo's was discovered in 1928 by a German anatomist, Ernst Schwarz. Ernst Schwarz, studied
zoology and then moved to the States to study great apes. They live in the swampy rainforest south of Zaire River, which is part of the Congo River
and is located in Africa. The type of habitat they live in is lowland rain forest. They're only found in one country and that's the Democratic Republic of
the Congo. Fruit makes up half their diet but they do eat vegetables also. Occasionally their diet also includes insects, larvae, earthworms, and eggs.
Studies of Bonobos from the wild have shown that they don't hunt other animals. Bonobos and Chimpanzee are easily confused and compared to all the
time but the two are very different from each other. Bonobos have black hair that comes down the center of their heads, and covering part of their
ears. Bonobos have smaller a head and ears. Their face is flat and their brow ridge isn't as so noticeable. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bonobo communities are peace–loving and are more welcoming and accepting. Different than most ape groups, the male is the one whole is usually in
charge while the female just falls behind and doesn't really have a part but in Bonobos groups the female is the one who leads and runs the group.
Having a higher social status than the male. The interactions are female dominated but they don't push each other out of the group and they don't
exclude the males either. But if there is any conflict it is usually settled with sex. There's only about 100,00 left in the wild. This is because only
small portions of their homes and habitats are being protected. The Bonobos is considered an endangered species because of the habitat conditions.
Even though the Bonobos are fully protected under the DRC, they are still being hunted and killed, used for trading. Also disease transmission is a big
concern and can also wipe out the

Similarities Between Bonobos And Chimpanzees
Primate diversity can be strongly seen amongst the Bonobos and Chimpanzees; however, each primate species shares similar social traits that are
common among the human species. In the various short videos on Bonobos and Chimps indicated that Chimps are violent creatures where males must
assert social dominance by abusing their female counterpart. If a group of chimps were to encounter another group of chimps then there would be war
amongst the two group. On the other hand, bonobos are the complete opposites of the chimp cousins. Bonobos are female dominant primate species and
disputes are handled with intercourse. Intercourse for the bonobos species is also used to solidify relationships amongst both males and females. When
two different groups of bonobos meet one another there are friendly interaction and the two groups would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These social behaviors with both these primates can be connected to human social behaviors. Humans are considered to be male dominant species that
in certain cases civilization required males to abuse women to assert their male dominance. Also, there are times when two different civilizations
collided there was usually warfare due to this interaction. Intercourse for the human species is also not used for just reproduction but also for pleasure
and in some instances to solidify relationships. Although, there are other social factors that separate human's social behavior and the primates. Such as
appears being a mainly a main factor, but also bonobo mothers breast–feeds her child for five year while human are for two years. Another variant of
social behaviors between primates and humans comes from an experiment done with bonobos. A scientist held two pieces of pipe, that can fit into once
another, but the scientist porously fails to attach the pipes together in front of bonobos to see if the bonobo can insert

The Human Race Essay
Bonobos are the most closely relates species to the human race, yet the general public knows little about them. The minimal knowledge of these apes'
existence may be due to the fact that they inhabit only specific regions in the Congo, and are not naturally seen anywhere else in the world. Only in
recent years have scientists and researchers even begun diving into their world, or unique behavior and psychology. Their collective importance to the
eco system, interactions with one another, how they solve problems, and how these actions differ from other monkeys and apes in the wild are just a
few characteristics that make the Bonobo special. Unfortunately, significance itself has not saved these primates from being a part of the scientific
endangered list. Human impact, capture and slaughter for commercial bushmeat sale, war, deforestation, and poverty all play a role in their demise.
Although their current status is not favorable, research and conservation efforts bring hope for their future.
Bonobos have pink lips and black faces, and black hair that parts down the center of their heads, covering part of their ears. When compared to other
primates, they flaunt noticeably smaller head and ears, a flatter face and a less prominent brow ridge. They are considered omnivorous frugivores, as
over 50% of their diet consists of fruit. The rest of their diet is supplemented with leaves, honey, and occasional insects, larvae, earthworms, eggs or
even small mammals. While they do

Documentaries Viewed For The Project
Documentaries viewed for the project: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6yZj3YAiYI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pOwgglc85w http:/
/www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEKU9ji_0nE I searched, found, and viewed several documentaries which allowed me to observe different species of
primates living in their natural habitats. I took notes of what I saw and researched information on the species in order to fully understand the meaning of
each discernable behavior.
The first documentary that I watched was diffused by KPBS San Diego and allowed me to observe a community of Bonobos living in their natural
habitat in Congo. Secondly, I watched a
BBC documentary which allowed me to observe a small community of Chimpanzees living in the Kyambura Gorge of Uganda. I then watched a
second BBC documentary which permitted me to observe Crested Black Macaques in their natural habitat, the Tempuku Rainforest. I turned the sound
off during the first viewing of the documentaries in order to focus only the behaviors I could observe and took notes. I then reviewed the documentaries
whiles listening to the observer's comments. During my observations, I witnessed many different primate activities such as social grooming, the use of
tools, and hunting. I was also able to identify several different primate behaviors and social structures. Additionally, watching different species of
primate allowed me to identify their similarities and differences. Moreover, I was also able to
recognize

Communication: Language And Communication
Wherever life exists, communication occurs. Language and communication dominates every aspect of human life. Yet, they are different things that
cannot be separated.
According to Edward Sapir (1921), language is defined as a purely human and non–instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desire by
means of voluntarily produced symbols. As stated in 'Language and Communication' by Jack C. Richard, communication is understood as the exchange
andnegotiation of information between at least two individuals through the use of verbal and non–verbal symbols. The main purpose of acquisition of
language is for communicative purposes. According to Camp & Satterwhite (2002), the main purposes of communication are to inquire, to inform, to
persuade and to develop goodwill. Language is exceptional important as a means of communication. However, communication can occur ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Speech is given primary importance because we do not know any society that does not have a language which is spoken. Speech existed long before
writing. Writing is no doubt important but language without speech is unthinkable. Linguist John Lyons (1968) stated that writing is essentially a
means of representing speech in another medium. Therefore, as language does not exist in a vacuum, language is primarily vocal. As a result, speech
plays a major role in human communication. In conclusion, language and communication are vital for the well–being of mankind. The problems of the
modern world can only be solved with mutual–understanding between nations. Yet, cooperation cannot be attained without genuine communication
through proper language. Without communication, there could only be endless conflicts and sufferings. At last, self–communication can only exist
with the grasp of language. Thus, language is necessary for human to find peace and awareness within

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