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Biodiesel 101 and Troubleshooting Filter Plugging Issues Presented by Hoon Ge Sponsored by the Minnesota Soybean Growers Association
Topics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ULSD & Biodiesel BQ-9000 Cold Flow Properties 2007/2010 Engines Filter Plugging Issues Biodiesel Handling Useful Resources
History of Diesel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1900’s 1920 1993 1998 2006
Machinery Exhibit – 1900 World’s Fair ,[object Object],www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/1900fair.html  -  Jeffrey Howe
History of Diesel   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Diesel From Crude
Crude Oil - Petroleum A complex assortment of materials consisting of mixtures of hydrocarbons and other compounds containing variable amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and organometallics and whose physical properties may vary widely in volatility, specific gravity, and viscosity.
Demand For Crude 1 barrel (bbl) = 42 gallons (U.S.)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Five Basic Refinery Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diesel HDS Unit The HDS Unit uses catalysts to remove substances like sulfur, nitrogen and aromatics.  When diesel comes out of the HSD unit, it is finished diesel fuel/heating oil.   http://oilandgas.veoliawater.com/en/expertise/our_understanding/your_business/process_schematic/refinery_process_diagram/
High Sulfur Diesel pre-1993
High Sulfur Diesel ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Low Sulfur Diesel Post-1993
Low Sulfur Diesel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel 101
History Of Biodiesel ,[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel Defined ,[object Object],[object Object]
Making Biodiesel Transesterification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel Raw Materials ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Biodiesel Reaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Biodiesel (100 lbs.) + Glycerin (10 lbs.) In the presence of a catalyst Combining Yields
Biodiesel Attributes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel ASTM D6751 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New ASTM Standards passed June 19, 2008 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B6-B20 ASTM D7467 Specification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Materials Compatibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Materials Compatibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emissions
Biodiesel CO2 Cycle
Reduction in Emissions
Supply and Demand
Biodiesel Demand 700 million 450 million 250 million 75 million 25 million 20 million 15 million 5 million 2 million 500,000 Biodiesel Tax Incentive Gallons
If Every Trucker Used B2 The industry would utilize 761 million gallons of B100 annually
U.S. Biodiesel Market Outlook
Energy Independence  & Security Act of 2007 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Demand For Diesel In The US (In Millions Of Gallons)
Potential Demand For Biodiesel In The US ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Growth In Diesel Automobile Market ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Increasing Biodiesel Use ,[object Object],[object Object]
Minnesota ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B5 Usage in Minnesota ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel Production Capacity
Production Locations  (9/29/08) 176 Plants
Production Capacity by State   (8/11/08)
Blending  ULSD and Biodiesel
Why Blend Biodiesel into ULSD? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ULSD & Lubricity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biodiesel Adds Significant Lubricity to ULSD ULSD Premium Diesel Bio 2.0% Bio 5.0% Bio 11.0% HFRR Average Scar
Properties of ULSD & Biodiesel Blends -20°F (3-4x Additive) -24°F -26°F -26°F CFPP 3°F 1°F 1°F 0°F Cloud Point 44.4 42.8 42.7 42.7 Cetane Index 645°F 614°F 610°F 611°F EBP 638°F 608°F 604°F 605°F 90% 550°F 510°F 510°F 509°F 50% 418°F 404°F 403°F 402°F 10% 336°F 327°F 326°F 326°F IBP  Distillation 32.3 33.2 33.4 33.4 API Gravity B20 B5 B2 ULSD
Cold Flow Properties
Cloud & CFPP ,[object Object],[object Object]
CFPP Testing of ULSD Bio Blends -20 +1 B11 ULSD (3x) -17 +3 B20 ULSD(4x) CFPP  °F w/ Additive Cloud Point  °F, Base Fuel Sample Description -18 -1 B5 ULSD -22 -2 B2 ULSD -22 -2 ULSD
CFPP Testing of No 1 ULSD with No 2 ULSD   CFPP  °F  Base Fuel w/additive Cloud Point  °F Base Fuel Sample  Description <-40 -18 ULSD 50/50 -38 -15 ULSD 40/60 -34 -11 ULSD 30/70 -30 -7 ULSD 20/80 -25 -4 ULSD 10/90 (10% No 1 & 90% No 2) -20 0 ULSD
CFPP Testing of B5 with No 1 ULSD   -22 0 ULSD CFPP  °F  Base Fuel w/additive Cloud Point  °F Base Fuel Sample  Description -38 -9 B5 (30% # 1 / 65% # 2 / 5% bio) -31 -5 B5 (20% # 1 / 75% # 2 / 5% bio) -27 -2 B5  (10% # 1 / 85% # 2 / 5% bio) -20 2 B5
Manufacturers  Policies on Biodiesel
Biodiesel Position with OEM’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Manufacturers Approving B100 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Manufacturers Approving B20 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Manufacturers Approving B5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BQ-9000
BQ-9000  Accreditation or Certification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quality Control ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BQ-9000 Information  Through the NBB www.bq-9000.org  www.biodiesel.org  www.nbb.org Find information on the requirements for the program and a list of accredited producers and marketers on the NBB website.
2007/2010 Engines
2007 Model Year Engines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diesel Particle Filters (DPF) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ULSD and Particulate Filter
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NOx Reductions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2010 Engines Choice Between Two Competing Technologies  Selective Catalytic Reduction   NOx  Absorption System
Selective Catalytic Reduction ,[object Object]
[object Object]
NOx Absorption ,[object Object]
Filter Plugging Issues
Breakdown of Filter Plugging Sources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sept  2007 to  Feb 2008 Sept  2008 to Feb 2009
Microbial Growth What Are Microbes? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Water Concentrations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
High Water Concentration
Icing of the filter   ,[object Object],[object Object],Free water
Paraffin Wax
Paraffin Wax   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oxidation
Oxidation   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Engines ,[object Object],Hot Hot Coking Fuel New Technology delivers the unused fuel from the engine block back to the fuel tank much faster. This hot fuel will cause degradation and oxidation of the fuel, which in turn can plug filters.
Glycerin
Monoglyceride Build-up ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sediment/Rust build-up
Sediment/Rust build-up   ,[object Object],[object Object]
Troubleshooting Checklist ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Steps to Maintaining Fuel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Useful Information Resources
NBB Resources:  www.biodiesel.org ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MN Diesel Hotline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contact Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],763-746-3452 800-929-3437 Email:  [email_address]
Questions?

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Minnesota mechanics training

Editor's Notes

  1. The French Government wanted energy independence for its African Colonies. “The French Government at the time thought of testing the applicability to power production of the Arachide, or earth-nut, which grows in considerable quantities in their African colonies, and which can be easily cultivated there, because in this way the colonies could be supplied with power and industry from their own resources, without being compelled to buy and import coal or liquid fuel.” – Rudolph Diesel
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  3. _____________US is 20% of world processing of crude ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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