This is a shot case study of biodiesel by Ratnesh kanungo

1. BIODIESEL
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BIODIESEL
VIT University
15BIT0257
CLEAN RESPONSIBLE GREEN ENERGY NAME – RATNESH KANUNGO (IT)
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil -
or animal fat-based diesel fuel
consisting of long-chain alkyl
(methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters.
Biodiesel is typically made by
chemically reacting lipids (e.g.,
vegetable oil, soybean oil, animal fat
(tallow)) with an alcohol producing
fatty acid esters.
 Biodiesel is a clean
burning renewable fuel
made using natural
vegetable oils and fats.
 Biodiesel is made through
a chemical process which
converts oils and fats of
natural origin into fatty
acid methyl esters
(FAME). Biodiesel IS
NOT vegetable oil.
 Biodiesel is intended to be
used as a replacement for
petroleum diesel fuel, or
can be blended with
petroleum diesel fuel in
any proportion.
 Biodiesel does not require
modifications to a diesel
engine to be used.
 Biodiesel has reduced
exhaust emissions
compared to petroleum
diesel fuel.
 Biodiesel has lower
toxicity compared to
petroleum diesel fuel.
 Biodiesel is safer to handle
compared to petroleum
diesel fuel.
 Biodiesel quality is
governed by ASTM D
6751 quality parameters.
 Biodiesel is biodegradable.
Biodiesel production is the process of
producing the biofuel, biodiesel,
through the chemical reactions Trans
esterification and esterification.
Page #
BIODIESEL
Biodiesel is made through a chemical
process called Trans esterification
whereby the glycerin is separated from
the fat or vegetable oil.
What is Biodiesel?

2. BIODIESEL 2
5
Blends of biodiesel and
conventional hydrocarbon-based
diesel are products most
commonly distributed for use in
the retail diesel fuel marketplace.
Much of the world uses a system
known as the "B" factor to state
the amount of biodiesel in any
fuel mix
 100% biodiesel is referred
to as B100
 20% biodiesel, 80% petro
diesel is labeled B20
 5% biodiesel, 95% petro
diesel is labeled B5
 2% biodiesel, 98% petro
diesel is labeled B2
 Blends of 20% biodiesel and
lower can be used in diesel
equipment with no, or only
minor modifications
although certain
manufacturers do not extend
warranty coverage if
equipment is damaged by
these blends.
.
DEFINITION
Biodiesel is a diesel-equivalent, processed
fuel derived from biological sources. Although
it comes from biological sources, it is a
processed fuel that can be readily used in
diesel-engine vehicles.
 Producing Hydrogen for Fuel-
Cell Vehicles
 Producing Hydrogen for Fuel-
Cell Vehicles
 Cleaning Up Oil Spills
 Generating Electricity
 Heating Your Home
 Camping: Cooking and
Illumination
 Cleaning Up Tools and Grease
 Adding Lubricity to Diesel Fuel
 Removing Paint and Adhesives
Blends of biodiesel
Application of Biodiesel
by [Article Author]

3. BIODIESEL 3
5
HEADING 4
Advantages of
biodiesel fuel
Compared to other alternative fuels,
biodiesel fuel supports some unique features
and qualities.
Unlike any other alternative fuels, it has
successfully passed all the health effects
testing requirements, meeting the standards
of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments.
ADVANTAGES
2%Biodiesel can be used in its pure form (B100) or blended
with petroleum diesel. Common blends include B2 (2%
biodiesel), B5, and B20.
20%Blends of higher levels of up to 20% biofuel are used by
many consumers. Research is underway to determine
whether such blends affect performance.
Properties
Biodiesel has promising lubricating
properties and cetane ratings compared to
low sulfur diesel fuels.
• Biodiesel fuel is a renewable
energy source unlike petroleum-
based diesel.
• An excessive production of
soybeans in the world makes it an
economic way to utilize this
surplus for manufacturing the
Biodiesel fuel.
• One of the main biodiesel fuel
advantages is that it is less
polluting than petroleum diesel.
• The lack of sulfur in 100%
biodiesel extends the life of
catalytic converters.
• Another of the advantages of
biodiesel fuel is that it can also be
blended with other energy
resources and oil.
• Biodiesel fuel can also be used
in existing oil heating systems
and diesel engines without
making any alterations.
• It can also be distributed
through existing diesel fuel
pumps, which is another biodiesel
fuel advantage over other
alternative fuels.
• The lubricating property of the
biodiesel may lengthen the
lifetime of engines.
 Use of blends above B5
not yet approved by many
auto makers
 Lower fuel economy and
power (10% lower for
B100, 2% for B20)
 Currently more expensive
 B100 generally not
suitable for use in low
temperatures
 Concerns about B100's
impact on engine
durability
 Slight increase in nitrogen
oxide emissions possible in
some circumstances

4. BIODIESEL
11
Biodiesel is
advantageous
FOR MORE INFORMATION
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ullamcorper ut, neo demoveo. Vel reprobo:
HEADING 5
Contact Info
Environmental Benefits
Biodiesel contains virtually no sulfur or
aromatics, and use of biodiesel in a
conventional diesel engine results in
substantial reduction of unburned
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and
particulate matter. A U.S. Department of
Energy study showed that the production
and use of biodiesel, compared to petroleum
diesel, resulted in a 78.5% reduction in
carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover,
biodiesel has a positive energy balance. For
every unit of energy needed to produce a
gallon of biodiesel, at least 4.5 units of
energy are gained.
Energy Security Benefits
With agricultural commodity prices
approaching record lows, and petroleum
prices approaching record highs, it is clear
that more can be done to utilize domestic
surpluses of vegetable oils while enhancing
our energy security. Because biodiesel can
be manufactured using existing industrial
production capacity, and used with
conventional equipment, it provides
substantial opportunity for immediately
addressing our energy security issues.
Economic Benefits
The biodiesel industry has contributed
significantly to the domestic economy. The
51,893 jobs that are currently supported by
the US biodiesel industry reflect the
beginning of the industry’s potential to
create jobs and economic growth in the US
economy. Biodiesel has added $4.287 billion
to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Biodiesel has the potential to support more
than 78,000 jobs by 2012. A stable, thriving
biodiesel industry is necessary if the U.S. is to
eventually benefit from the commercial scale
production of algal-based biofuels. The NBB
estimates that for every 100 million gallons
of biodiesel that is produced from algae,
16.455 jobs will be created and $1.461 billion
will be added to the GDP.
Quality Benefits
Biodiesel is registered as a fuel and fuel
additive with the EPA and meets clean diesel
standards established by the California Air
Resources Board (CARB). B100 (100 percent
biodiesel) has been designated as an
alternative fuel by the U.S. Department of
Energy and the U.S. Department of
Transportation. Moreover, in December
2001, the American Society of Testing and
Materials (ASTM) approved a specification
(D675) for biodiesel fuel. This development
was crucial in standardizing fuel quality for
biodiesel in the U.S. market. As of 2008,
there is a specification for B6-B20, and up to
B5 is included in the diesel fuel specification
(D 975).
The biodiesel industry also utilizes a
voluntary quality management certification
program for biodiesel producers, marketers,
and laboratories called the BQ-9000
Program. The BQ-9000 Program combines
internationally accepted quality
management principles with the ASTM
biodiesel fuel specification to help ensure
that customers and end users get the highest
quality fuel possible. The National Biodiesel
Accreditation Commissions issues ‘BQ-9000
Marketer,’‘BQ-9000 Producer’ and 'BQ-9000
lab' certifications for biodiesel marketers
and/or producers and biodiesel testing
laboratories that have met all requirements
of quality management system certification
program. BQ-9000 companies are subject to
annual third-party audits to verify their
continued compliance with the program
requirements. The BQ-9000 program
provides added assurance to customers, as
well as engine manufacturers, that the
biodiesel marketed by these companies
meets the ASTM standards for biodiesel and
that the fuel supplier will stand behind its
products.

5. BIODIESEL 5
5
WORK AS
Easy to Use
One of the great advantages of biodiesel is that it
can be used in existing engines, vehicles and
infrastructure with practically no changes.
Engine and Vehicles
All diesel engines and vehicles can use
biodiesel or biodiesel blends.
Advantages of
Biodiesel
 Produced from Renewable
Resources: Biodiesel is a
renewable energy source unlike
other petroleum products that
will vanish in years to come.
Since it is made from animal and
vegetable fat, it can be produced
on demand and also causes less
pollution than petroleum diesel.
 Can be Used in existing Diesel
Engines: One of the main
advantage of using biodiesel is
that can be used in existing diesel
engines with little or no
modifications at all and can
replace fossil fuels to become the
most preferred primary transport
energy source. Biodiesel can be
used in 100% (B100) or in blends
with petroleum diesel. For e.g.:
B20 is called as 20% blend of
biodiesel with 80% diesel fuel. It
improves engine lubrication and
increases engine life since it is
virtually sulphur free.
 Less Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(e.g., B20 reduces CO2 by 15%):
Fossil fuels when burnt release
greenhouse gases like carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere that
raises the temperature and
causes global warming. To
protect the environment from
further heating up, many people
have adopted the use of biofuels.
Experts believe that using
biodiesel instead of petroleum
diesel can reduce greenhouse
gases up to 78%.
 Grown, Produced and
Distributed Locally: Fossil fuels
are limited and may not be able
to fulfill our demand for coal, oil
and natural gas after a certain
period. Biodiesel can work as an
alternative form of fuel and can
reduce our dependence on
foreign suppliers of oil as it is
produced from domestic energy
crops. It is produced in local
refineries which reduce the need
to import expensive finished
product from other countries.
 Cleaner Biofuel Refineries:
When oil is extracted from
underground, it has to be refined
to run diesel engines. You can’t
use it straight away in the crude
form. When it is refined, it
releases many chemical
compounds including benzene
and butadiene in the
environment which are harmful
for animals, plants and human
life. Biofuel refineries, which
mainly uses vegetable and animal
fat into biofuel releases less toxic
chemicals, if spilled or released to
the environment.
 Biodegradable and Non-Toxic:
When Biofuels are burnt, they
produce significantly less carbon
output and few pollutants. As
compared to petroleum diesel,
biodiesel produces less soot
(particulate matter), carbon
monoxide, unburned
hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide.
Flashpoint for biodiesel is higher
than 150°C whereas the same is
about 52°C for petroleum diesel,
which makes it less combustible.
It is therefore safe to handle,
store and transport.
 Better Fuel Economy: Vehicles
that run on biodiesel achieve 30%
fuel economy than petroleum
based diesel engines which
means it makes fewer trips to gas
stations and run more miles per
gallon.
 Positive Economic Impact:
Biofuels are produced locally and
thousands of people are
employed in biofuel production
plant. Since biodiesel is produced
from crops, an increase in
demand for biodiesel leads to
increase in demand for suitable
biofuel crops. Moreover, it
creates less emission by reducing
the amount of suspended
particles in the air. This reduces
the cost of healthcare products.
 Reduced Foreign Oil
Dependence: With locally
produced biofuels, many
countries have reduced their
dependence on fossil fuels. It may
not solve all problems in one
blow but a nation can save
billions by reducing their usage
on foreign oil.
 More Health Benefits: Air
pollution cause more deaths and
diseases than any other form of
pollution. Pollutants from
gasoline engines when released
in the air, form smog and make
thousands of people sick every
year. Biodiesel produce less toxic
pollutants than other petroleum
products.

6. BIODIESEL 6
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Biodiesel is renewable and clean
burning fuel as environmental
friendly. It can be advantageous
fuel to use as it is Eco-friendly,
biodegradable, more positive
towards our health. Biodiesel is
the most promising fuel in the
near future as an alternative to
fossil diesel. Despite of its
advantages, it still has some
disadvantages such as source for
massive feedstock, relatively poor
low-temperature properties,
increase in NOx emissions, etc.
These issues should be sorted out
before biodiesel is applied into
diesel engines in a large scale.
Therefore, in-depth studies on
the application of biodiesel into
diesel engines are necessary.
Blending of biodiesel in diesel
offers great opportunities for
environment protection and rural
economy development. Genetic
improvement of particular
species should be taken as future
aspects.
BIODIESEL
VIT
University
15BIT0257
RATNESH KANUNGO
About author
I am B.Tech (IT) Student at VIT (Vellore).This is a simple and
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CONCLUSION FOR BIODIESEL