BCE SEMESTER 1 FOR THE GTU ALL BRANCH SUBJECT USEFULL FOR EXAM, BUILDING MATERIAL

2.  Introduction
 Stone
 Brick
 Lime
 Cement
 Sand
 Aggregate
 Mortar

3. Building material
Naturally available
materials
EX:- soil
- wood
- timber
Artificial available
materials
EX:- cement
- steel
- stone

4.  Stone are obtained from naturally occurring rocks.
 Spaping and dressing of stones are essential to use
them as building construction material

5. Types of stone
Classified based of
geological formation
Igneous
rocks
Sedimentary
rocks
Metamorphic
rocks
Classified based of
general stucture
Stratified
Unstratified
Foliated
Classified based of chemical
composition
Siliceous
Argillaceous
Calcareous

6.  They are used in foundations ,walls, columns, arches,
cornices, bed blocks etc.
 They are used in ornamental features and to provied
fine smooth faces of walls.
 They are used in hydraulic structures like dams and
bridges.
 They are used in retaining wall masonary to retain
soil.
 They are used as road metal in road constuction.

7.  In stone masonry, the direction of natural bed of all
sedimentary stones should be perpendicular to the
direction of pressure such an arrangement gives
maximum strength to stonwork.
 Stone should be placed in walls with the direction of their
natural beds as horizontal.
 Building stones are obtained from rocks.
 Properties of rock are governed by the properties of
minerals present in its structure.

8.  Composition of brick:
20-30% Alumina
50-60% Silica
<5% Lime
0.1% Magnesia
5-6% Iron oxide

9. Conventional/Tr
aditional bricks
Bricks are
classified
based
quality and
utility
1st class
(grade
A)
4th
class
(grade
D)
3rd
class
(grade
C)
2nd
class
(grade
B)
Standard/
modular
Bricks are classified
based manufacturing
Machine
moulded
(wire cut)
Handmoulded
(ground or
table moulded)

10. A. 1st class (grade A):
-The surface and edges
of the brichs are
sharp,smooth and
straight.
- it is used for superior
work and exposed brick
work.
b. 2nd class (grade B):
-The surface of these
bricks are somewhat
rough and shape is
slightly irregular.
-it is used for ordinary
work with plaster coat.
D. 4th class (grade D):
-These bricks are strong
but overburnt.
-The shape is irregular
and colour is dark.it is
used as aggregate for
concrete work in
foundations, floors,roads
etc.
C. 3rd class (grade C):
-The surface and edges
of the bricks are irregular
and distorted.
-it is used for temporary
work and less important
work.

11. - Bricks are used in wall masonry construction of
building.
- Bricks are used in brick lintel construction.
- Bats of bricks are used in concrete in foundation work.

13.  Lime is a product obtained by burning limestone.
1.Fat lime
2.Hydraulic lime
A.Feebly
(5-10% of
impurities)
B.Moderately
(10-20% impurities)
C.Eminently
(20-30% impurities)
3.Poor lime

14. - Lime is used in the treatment of water and
wastewater.
- It is used in the manufacture of glass,refractory,sand
lime bricks and paints.
- It is used as lime mortar for masonry work of
buildings.
- It is used for plastering and washing of building.
- It is used as lime concrete to make water proof
structures.

15.  Lime is a cementing material.
 Lime provides a cheap and a reliable alternative to cement.
 From ancient times, Egyptians and romans made remarkable
application of lime in construction of big
palaces,bridges,temples,forts ,monuments etc.
 These structures still exist in good condition.
 Lime is important to prepare B.B.L.C (Brick Bats Lime
Concrete ) for foundation of buildings.

16.  Cement is a product obtained by burning a well
proportioned mixture of siliceous, argillaceous &
calcareous materials & Crushing the same into gray
colour fine powder.

17. Types of cement
1.Normal setting or Ordinary protland
cement (OPC)
2. Rapid hardening portland cement
3. Quick setting cement
4. Pozzuolana portland cement
5. Low heat cement
6. Blast furnace cement
7. White cement
8.Sulphate resisting cement
9. Colour cement

18. 1.Normal setting or Ordinary
protland cement (OPC):
 This types of cement is about 66% of total production of cement.
2. Rapid hardening portland cement :
 Initial and final setting times of this cement are the same as those of
ordinary cement.
Lime 60 -67%
Silica 17 – 25%
Alumina 3 – 8%
Iron oxide 0.50 – 6%
Magnesia 0.10 – 4%
Soda and potash 0.20 – 1%
Sulphur trioxide 1 – 2.75%
Free lime 0 – 1%

19.  Compressive strength at the end of one
day is about 115kg/cm2 and the and of 3
days is about 210kg/cm2 .
3. Quick setting cement
 This cement is produced by adding a small percentage of
aluminum sulphate and by finely grinding the cement.
 It is made in 30 minutes.
4. Pozzuolana portland cement
 Pozzuolana is a volcanic power.
 It adding 10 to 30% of pozzuolana this cement is prepared.
5. Low heat cement
 It is used for mass concrete work.

20. 6. Blast furnace cement
 It is used to prepare blast furnac
cement.
7. White cement
 It is white in colour and it is used for floor finish ,
plaster work etc.
8. Sulphate resisting cement
 In this cement tricalcium aluminate is kept below 5 to 6% to
increase resistance against sulphates.
9. Colour cement
Chromium oxide Green
Cobalt Blue
Iron oxide Brown, red, yellow
Manganese dioxide Black, brown

21.  it is used to prepare cement mortar for building
construction works like masonry, plaster, flooring etc….
 It is used to prepare R.C.C structures of building by using
reinforcement with cement concrete.
 It is used in making joints for drains, pipes etc….

22.  Sand particles consist of small grains of silica.
 Maximum permissible clay content is 3 to 4 % in sand.
 It be contain sharp , angular & durable grains.

23. Sand passing through 4.75 mm IS sieve is called
fine sand and retained on it is called coarse sand.
Types
of sand
Fine
sand
Coarse
sand

24.  Sand is used in cement mortar, lime mortar , plain cement
concrete, rain forced cement concrete and prestressed
concrete as key ingradient in building construction.
 Sand is used in various construction activities like masonry
work, plaster work flooring and concrete work.

25.  Sand – fine aggregate is the important material for
construction work.
 It prepares cement mortar (CM) and cement concrete
(CC) by mixing with cement like binding material.
 They fill up the voids in between coarse aggregate
pieces in cement concrete.

26.  Aggregate are the naturally occuring material like sand,
crushed rocks and gravel.

27. Types of aggregate
1.Fine
aggregate
Size:
150 - 4.75mm
2.Coarse
aggregate
Size:
80 – 4.75mm

28.  Aggregate are used to prepare cement mortar, lime
mortar and cement concrete.
 Coarse aggregate are used to prepare cement concrete
bituminous pavement, rigid pavement etc.
 Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are used in
construction of beams, columns, slab, lintel etc.

29.  The broken stones of ballast rock is used as coarse
aggregate in building construction and road
construction work.
 They make volume of work.
 Coarse aggregate are used in R.C.C structures of
building.

30.  Mortar is a paste prepare by adding required quantity of
water to a mixture of binding material like cement or lime
and fine aggregate lime sand.
Types of
mortar
building
material
Lime
ement
Gauged
Surkhi
nature of
application
density of
mortar
Heavy
Light
special
mortar

31.  To bind the bricks or stones firmly in wall construction
work.
 They are used in plaster work as finished material to
provide weather resistance.
 Joints of masonry work are covered by plaster easily.
 White wash & colour are applied on plastered surface
easily.

32.  Mortar make joint between bricks and stones in
masonry construction work of various building.
 The vertical and horizontal erection of wall is possible
by mortar material.