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Clock divider by 3
C Ashok Reddy
Clock divide by 3
 I am going to explain how to design clock divide by 3 using
digital logic element such as FF and universal gates.
 A divide by 3 clock requires a mod 3 counter.
 It can be constructed by using 2 FF(22 ) where the power of two
represents the no of FF required for mod 3 counter.
 The no of states required for mod counter is three states 00, 01,
10 and the final state is xx.
 The output of the clock divide by three is not 50% duty cycle.
The duty cycle will be 75% if the output is 1,1,0
C Ashok Reddy
Current state Next state
Output
Qb Qa Qb+ Qa+
0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 0
x x x x x
• How to realize the micro
architecture for the clock divide
by3.
• The table represents the current
state, next state and output at
each state.
• How to realize the equations for
the input of FFA, FFB and output
is shown in the next slide
Da’
Db’
C Ashok Reddy
1 0
0 x
Qa
Qb 0 1
0
1
Da=Qa’Qb’
0 0
1 x
Qa
Qb 0 1
0
1
Db=Qb
1 0
1 x
Qa
Qb 0 1
0
1
Out=Qa+Qb’
The K-Map realization for input FFA The K-Map realization for input FFB
The K-Map realization for output of the FFB
Clock divide by 3
C Ashok Reddy
 The micro architecture of the clock divide by 3 is
Clock divide by 3
DA QA
QA
’
DB QB
QB
’Clk Clk
Da=Qa’Qb’
Db=Qb
Out=Qa+Qb’
Reset
Clock
C Ashok Reddy
Input : Clock and reset
Output : clk_out
Clock divide by 3
 Timing diagram for clock divide by 3 without 50% duty cycle
C Ashok Reddy
 To get 50% duty cycle the out of the FFB will as input to the negative
edge trigger FF.
 The output of the third FF and the output of the second FF is given as
input to the OR gate.
Clock divide by 3
DA QA
QA
’
DB QB
QB
’Clk Clk
DC QC
QC
’Clk
Reset
Clock
C Ashok Reddy
Input : Clock and reset
Output : clk_out
Clock divide by 3
 Timing diagram for clock divide by 3 with 50% duty cycle
 In the same can implement other odd clock dividers such as clock
divider 5, clock divider 7 and etc…
C Ashok Reddy
C Ashok Reddy

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Clock divider by 3

  • 1. Clock divider by 3 C Ashok Reddy
  • 2. Clock divide by 3  I am going to explain how to design clock divide by 3 using digital logic element such as FF and universal gates.  A divide by 3 clock requires a mod 3 counter.  It can be constructed by using 2 FF(22 ) where the power of two represents the no of FF required for mod 3 counter.  The no of states required for mod counter is three states 00, 01, 10 and the final state is xx.  The output of the clock divide by three is not 50% duty cycle. The duty cycle will be 75% if the output is 1,1,0 C Ashok Reddy
  • 3. Current state Next state Output Qb Qa Qb+ Qa+ 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 x x x x x • How to realize the micro architecture for the clock divide by3. • The table represents the current state, next state and output at each state. • How to realize the equations for the input of FFA, FFB and output is shown in the next slide Da’ Db’ C Ashok Reddy
  • 4. 1 0 0 x Qa Qb 0 1 0 1 Da=Qa’Qb’ 0 0 1 x Qa Qb 0 1 0 1 Db=Qb 1 0 1 x Qa Qb 0 1 0 1 Out=Qa+Qb’ The K-Map realization for input FFA The K-Map realization for input FFB The K-Map realization for output of the FFB Clock divide by 3 C Ashok Reddy
  • 5.  The micro architecture of the clock divide by 3 is Clock divide by 3 DA QA QA ’ DB QB QB ’Clk Clk Da=Qa’Qb’ Db=Qb Out=Qa+Qb’ Reset Clock C Ashok Reddy
  • 6. Input : Clock and reset Output : clk_out Clock divide by 3  Timing diagram for clock divide by 3 without 50% duty cycle C Ashok Reddy
  • 7.  To get 50% duty cycle the out of the FFB will as input to the negative edge trigger FF.  The output of the third FF and the output of the second FF is given as input to the OR gate. Clock divide by 3 DA QA QA ’ DB QB QB ’Clk Clk DC QC QC ’Clk Reset Clock C Ashok Reddy
  • 8. Input : Clock and reset Output : clk_out Clock divide by 3  Timing diagram for clock divide by 3 with 50% duty cycle  In the same can implement other odd clock dividers such as clock divider 5, clock divider 7 and etc… C Ashok Reddy