Judgement At Nuremberg Essay

Judgement At Nuremberg Essay
Judgment at Nuremberg is a movie which was directed by Stanley Kramer and was written by Abby
Mann based on a true story of a tribunal that happened in Nuremberg, Germany in 1948 until 1949.
The film with 179 minutes duration shows us the tribunal to trial four NAZI judges who were very
famous in the NAZI era. They were Dr. Ernst Janning, (Burt Lancaster), Emil Hahn (Werner
Klemperer), Warner Lampe (Torben Meyer) and Friedrich Hofstetter (Martin Brand). The judges
who were presiding in the tribunal were Judge Dan Haywood (Spencer Tracy) with two other judges
who were American judge and arrived in Nuremberg in 1948.
The tribunal was begun by asking the four defendants whether they were guilty or not, and they
replied no. The prosecutor, Colonel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every decision made in the tribunal was made after finding facts and truth and it was made fairly.
There is one lesson that we can learn during the tribunal, soft power. Soft power is doing the
diplomacy, negotiation to overcome a problem. The conflicts that happened in the tribunal were
solved mostly by the diplomacy and negotiations trough some argues until finally it came up with a
decision. The ways to do the diplomacy, negotiation, and argue are also clearly showed in that
movie.
In my opinion, the balance of the power is really needed to be implemented to avoid the inequality
that results in to the violation of human rights. The balance of the power can be implemented when
the democracy also works in a state. Indonesian governments have, the checks and balances system
among all the governments structure (executive, legislative, and judicative). The checks and
balances system allows one institution checking and balancing other institution's power and
authority so the domination by one institutions, because they gained too much power, can be
prevented, the purpose of "the balance of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Word Collision: Christopher Columbus and The Taino Natives
The swift sandy beaches of the Caribbean were once desolate and unknown rule by the natural
habitat of Taino natives whose sole existence revolved around primitive nature. These Virgin Islands
would be a critical and strategic discovery for the strengthening Spanish empire during the 15th
century under the rule of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile . On October 1492, a man by the
name of Christopher Columbus would take the power of the Spanish crown to excellency and great
dominion over the new world. The lives of both the natives and the Spaniards would be
revolutionized and two completely different worlds would collide for the first time. The discovery
of the New World was masked by preconceptions, ancient interpretations of ... Show more content
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Consequently, Columbus states that the Indians have a closer relationship to the lord based on their
lifestyle, selflessness, and kindness to strangers. Moreover, in this letter he also ascertains a degree
of innocence in the Indians while drawing a distinction amongst the Europeans advantageous
actions in the exchanges for broken objects for pieces of valuable gold. Throughout the letter,
Columbus describes his prohibition in the colonists to trade with the Indians since he deemed it
unfair to trade something worthless to the Spaniards for gold that would grant them and the crown
more wealth. Columbus' ulterior motives are dominated by the socio–cultural and religious
teachings of the Catholic Church. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabel of Castile, both proclaimed as
God given kings, wanted full centralization of their established autocratic governance. The goal of
expansion into the western world would be to propagate the dominion of the Catholic Church and
the power of the Spanish empire to lands unknown to humanity at the time before the Portuguese
and other imminent powers. As a discoverer, Columbus was shaped by the crusading environment
he grew up in as well as the desire of annexation of land. The main paradox between the first
encounter is presented in the belief system of the Indians whom have faith in nature as their ruling
God, such beliefs are mirrored to those of the ancient Greeks and in the

Nuremberg Laws Thesis
The Nuremberg Laws were laws established in 1933 by Adolf Hitler during his reign as German
chancellor. These laws aimed to maintain the integrity of all Germans, as well as regarding Jews as
the inferior race to all races. The Nuremberg Laws also identified who would be classified and
considered a Jew, and banned marriages between Jews and non–Germans with extreme emphasis on
Jews. As a result, many Jews were treated inhumanely by not only losing their citizenship rights, but
their jobs, freedom, and for some, ultimately their lives. More than six million Jews were placed and
killed in concentration camps in the Holocaust. This has been deemed one of the most horrific
events in human history.
Article 5 of the Nuremberg Laws defines a Jew as someone who comes from a lineage of at least
three grandparents who 100% Jews facially. A Jew can also be classified as someone who comes
from two full Jewish parents, within four stipulations. One being, he/she must have belonged to the
Jewish religious community when the law was issued as well as those who joined the Jewish
community later on. Two, if he/she was married to a Jewish individual when the laws were issued or
thereafter. Three, if he/she is the offspring of a Jewish couple, and lastly, if he/she is the offspring of
an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was a time period where some of those individuals that were the cause of and advocates for the
Nuremberg laws were punished for their inhumane acts of hatred towards Jews. Many Nazis were
sentenced to death and some were sentenced to an extensive prison sentence. Some culprits
admitted to their wrongs and witnessed to the fact that they were just following the command of
their superior. Many culprits fled Germany prior to the trials and the major figure head, Adolf Hitler,
committed suicide days after the war. The Nuremberg Laws, simply put, was a major focal point of
Nazi racial

The Trials Of The Nuremberg Trials
It is a pleasant autumn day in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1960. Suddenly, agents from Israel's
intelligence agency, Mossad, tackled a man to the ground (Lichtblau, The Nazis Next Door 68).
Unbeknownst to spectators, that man was Adolf Eichmann, aide to the Fascist dictator Adolf Hitler.
Along with Hitler and other Third Reich Nazis, he had organized the Holocaust–a massive genocide
murdering eleven million people. How is it possible that, after all of these years, Eichmann
remained hidden? How is it possible that the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, which were held by the
Allied Powers after World War II, did not execute this man? The Nuremberg Trials were a series of
thirteen trials held between 1945 and 1949 to prosecute some Nazi war criminals. The trials were
held in Nuremberg, Germany, because its courthouse was not damaged from the war. The four
Allied Powers held the hearings, and the best–known trial was the Trial of Major War Criminals
("Nuremberg Trials"). The fact of the matter is that not many Nazis were actually convicted in the
Nuremberg Trials, even though these court proceedings were supposed to bring Nazis to justice.
Overall, the Nuremberg Trials were not effective in prosecuting Nazi war criminals. This is because
few Nazis were executed, many fled to South America, the U.S. enlisted them as spies, and they
became top scientists in the United States Space Program.
One reason why the Nuremberg Trials were not effective is because only ten Nazis were

Nuremberg Trials Informative Speech
Discover Nuremberg, Germany in 3 Days
Mention you are going to Nuremberg and most people would think about the Nuremberg Trials, a
series of 13 trials carried out for the purpose of bringing major Nazi criminals to justice. After the
World War II, the city painstakingly rebuilt itself since it was reduced to rubble by the Allied forces.
Despite the city's turbulent and depressing past, Nuremberg is now one of the most prosperous and
beautiful cities in Germany. This 3–day suggested itinerary will lead you to the city's famous tourist
attractions and will help you make the most of your short visit. Depending on your traveling
priorities, you can certainly fine tune this itinerary to suit your needs. Enjoy Nuremberg! Things to
know before traveling ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Just like a typical European market square, Hauptmarkt has colorful and narrow townhouses,
church, town hall, shops, hotels and other important buildings. You may have your Bavarian lunch
in this market square and try the local specialty Nürnberger Bratwurst with Sauerkraut (fried
sausages served with sauerkraut).
In the afternoon, walk off those calories with a visit to some of Nuremberg's medieval treasures like
the in the Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady), St. Sebaldus Kirche (St. Sebaldus Church) and St.
Lorenz Kirche (St. Lorenz Church). Then, end the day with a stein of beer at Altstadthof
Braeustueberl Restaurant, one of the best places in Nuremberg to get an authentic German pub
experience.
Day 2
Today is a day of reflection. After a filling breakfast, visit the Dokumentationszentrum
Reichsparteitagsgelaende (Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds), a museum established
by the city council of Nuremberg to present facts about the Nazi Germany. The permanent
exhibition "Fascination and Terror" presents the context and consequences of National Socialism
and the criminal exercise of power by the Nazi

How Did Justice Robert Jackson Frame The Difficulties Of...
How did Justice Robert Jackson frame the difficulties of doing justice at Nuremberg?
Justice Robert Jackson was faced with a number of difficulties when he was tasked with the job as
the US justice at Nuremberg. He faced the daunting task of trying to bring justice to over a decade's
worth of crimes and wars, which spanned and entire continent, in one tribunal. Before the
proceedings began he knew many of the challenges he would have to overcome and that he would
have a difficult road ahead of him. He had to create a workable procedure for the trail as well as
define the laws, rules, and procedures that would be used when conducting the Nuremberg trials.
He used his opening statements to detail his sense of responsibility as the ... Show more content on
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Prior to the trials, heads of state were immune to the law. Additionally, he needed to show that heads
of state were not above the law, that they couldn't get away with creating a massive war and saying
it was ok because they are the head of state or that they are the law. To make matters even more
difficult for Justice Jackson and the prosecution, no precedent existed for this undertaking that the
tribunal had set out to achieve it was all wild territory. Previously in history, where something like
this happened, like with Napoleon, exile was used rather than a trial. He also was trying to introduce
new concepts into law like natural law as human rights. As Justice Robert Jackson put it "The
common sense of mankind demands that law shall not stop with the punishment of petty crimes by
little people." The world demanded justice for the wrongs that had been committed. The world could
not stand by and let crimes like this go unanswered. These men could not be acquitted for the
atrocities that they allowed to happen He also was trying to introduce new concepts into law such as
natural law as human rights. As Justice Robert Jackson put it "The common sense of mankind
demands that law shall not stop with the punishment of petty crimes by little people." The world
demanded justice for the wrongs that had been committed. The world could not stand by and let
crimes like this go unanswered and these men be acquitted for the atrocities that they allowed to

Nuremberg Laws Vs Nuremberg Laws
Imagine yourself sitting down in a corner of a train headed to Auschwitz, and a cold, hungry child
lays next to you, dying in despair of his life. This is the Holocaust. Looking back, you remember the
Nuremberg Laws, created and passed by one man, depriving you of your citizenship and freedom.
Not to mention, tyrannical Hitler has enacted many anti–Semitic forces with the aid of propaganda;
a single man set the world to change due to his opinion. As a result, you have no political, no legal,
and no civil rights, considering that the government has no other individual to stop Hitler from
making these decisions. However, those living in the U.S.A. have defined rights of life, liberty, and
happiness, while during the Third Reich, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Founding Fathers perceived man as a promiscuous character, who would crave power for
eternity. If one branch gained a greater amount of authority than the others, despotism will occur.
Montesquieu asserted, "When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person or
in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty, because apprehensions may arise, lest the
same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner." The
Framers understood combining the executive and legislative branch would allow the lawmaker to
become the law executor, meaning that he may enact laws of his liking to grant him greater power
by removing liberty of the citizens. Furthermore, Montesquieu writes, "Were it [judiciary] joined
with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control; for the
judge would then be the legislator. Were it joined to the executive power, the judge might behave
with violence and oppression." If the legislative branch incorporated with the judicial, then the law
administrator would be the law applier, thus resulting in one creating laws to remove the freedom of
those to whom it applies. Moreover, combining the executor and the applier would result in
applying the laws in any way with

Dramatic Elements In Aunt Raini
In this theatrical production– Aunt Raini, directed by the playwright Tom Smith and produced by
Pacific Lutheran University, has successfully perform theatrical elements within different
perspective of the performance, while the performance has connected and integrated the content
based from the script stories. For instance, from a stage production perspective, the constructing
style of the scenes, walls, flats or hand props and the accurate placement of stage properties on stage
has specified the background story setting while different style of composing, designing and
painting of the scenery represent the amount of efforts and works that whole crew had put in during
the process of theater production.
The story of the theatrical performance Aunt Raini was inspired by Leni Riefenstahl, a world–
renowned filmmaker who creates the documentary "Triumph of the Will" of the Reich Party
Congress 1934 in Nuremberg. Sadly, most of Riefenstahl's works after this documentary are
reference as pieces of propaganda for the Nazi Party, which led to her to be misunderstood and
isolated within the art and film communities throughout her lifetime. In this performance, Leni
Riefenstahl, also reference as the protagonist character of "Aunt Raini", has come to New York City
to visit her grandniece Katherine. On the other hand, Katherine, known as "The Great Revealer" for
her ability to find the best up–and–coming artists on the Time magazine, is a successful art gallery
owner. Meanwhile, One of

The Purpose Of The Nuremberg Laws
Origin– The following document containing the Nuremberg Laws originated in Nazi Germany prior
to WWII and was published on September 5th, 1935.
Purpose– The purpose of these mandates are directed towards the German populace and the
importance of maintaining the purity of German Blood in order to safeguard the future of the
German nation. Specifically, these mandates prohibited marriages and extramarital intercourse
between Jews and Germans and forbade the employment of German females under 45 in Jewish
households. Furthermore, this document shows the extent to which Hitler was able to pervert power
in order to place limitations on certain races and use it as a ruse to further maintain power.
Value–The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 laid the foundation

The Wartime Of The Nuremberg Trials
I. INTRODUCTION
On 8th August, 1945, shortly after the end of World War II in May of 1945, the Allied governments
entered into a joint agreement establishing the International Military Tribunal for the purpose of
trying those responsible for the war atrocities. Whereas some 5,000 Nazi's were charged with war
crimes, the Nuremberg trials were designed specifically to prosecute high ranking Nazi officials
with whom the authority for the commission of heinous atrocities rested.
The Nuremberg Trials would therefore be marked in history as one of its kind. Prior to its formation,
war crimes were limited to the military courts of the individual countries and for the very first time
the Nuremberg Trials would mark the inception of the concept of collective guilt as a justification
for punishment. The four counts of indictment were: Conspiracy to commit crimes alleged in other
counts, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity.
This paper seeks to canvass the legacy of the Nuremberg Trial; the legal justifications and
procedural innovations that were once controversial and which through the turn of the century have
now come to be regarded as a milestone towards the application of principles of international law,
establishment of a permanent international criminal court enshrined under the Rome Statute and
setting new precedents for the international community. Furthermore, the author seeks to juxtapose
the legal and political justifications given for the

Nuremberg Trials
Where Nazi officials judged fairly during the Nuremburg Trails that followed World War II?
Twenty–four major political and military leaders of Nazi Germany, indicted for aggressive war, war
crimes, and crimes against humanity. Of the twenty–four twenty–one were taken into custody and
put on trial; these were known as the Nuremberg Trials. These trials started on November 20th 1945
and were the first ever war crime tribunal. The Trials were held by the Allied forces of World War II
and were held in the city of Nuremberg in Bavaria Germany out of the Palace of Justice.
Accusations placed against them were for their involvement in the Nazi Party during World War II.
Nazi officials were judged unfairly during the Nuremburg Trails for a ... Show more content on
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However, Julius Streicher was non–military, he was not part of the planning process of the
Holocaust, nor of the invasion of Poland or the Soviet Union. But his role in provoking the massacre
of Jews was momentous enough; he was sentenced to death by hanging. Walther Funk, Hitler's
Minister of Economics and was head of the Reichsbank, which funded the economic planning for
the war; he was sentenced to Life Imprisonment. Fritz Sauckel was a general for the allocation of
labor. Sauckel was involved in using 5 million laborers that were imported and forced to work. He
was charged with the solicitation of slave labor and sentenced to death by handing. Alfred Jodl was
Chief of Operations for the German Army, he was charged with aggressive war for invasion of the
Soviet Union and the destruction of Czechoslovakia. Martin Bormann was known to be uncivilized,
ruthless, and brutal. His whereabouts were unconfirmed during the trials but he made such an
impact that he was sentenced in absentia to death by hanging; his reputation was based on the
expulsion of millions of Jews to Poland and the exploitation of Ukrainian women as slave labor.
Going down the list we find Franz von Papen, Vice Chancellor of Germany, he supported views of
Hitler but the prosecution had serious difficulties linking Papen to conspiracy to initiate an
aggressive war. He was eventually one of the few that were acquitted. Joachim Von Ribbentrop had
recommended and supported the

The Pros And Cons Of The Nuremberg Trials
Also, the Allied powers created the created a trail to bring war criminals to justice. The trial was
known as the Nuremberg Trials, they were a series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremburg, Germany
between 1945 and 1949(History.com Staff). The allied leaders "issued the first joint declaration
officially noting the mass murder of European Jewry and resolving to prosecute those responsible
for violence against civilian populations."(United States) They discussed execution without trial but
American leaders decided that a trail of the criminals would be more effective. In addition, many
holocaust war criminals by now are in their late 90's and the chances that the are still alive in the
world is very slim. For example, there is a man

Albrecht Durer Self-Portrait Essay
Albrecht Durer SelfPortrait Artist and Humanist, Albrecht Durer is one of the most significant
figures in the history f European art outside Italy during the Renaissance (Gowing 195). Portraying
the questioning spirit of the Renaissance, Durer's conviction that he must examine and explore his
own situation through capturing the very essence of his role as artist and creator, is reflected in the
Self–portrait in a Fur Collared Robe (Strieder 10).
With the portrait, Durer's highly self–conscious approach to his status as an artist coveys his exalted
mission of art more clearly than in any other painting. He seems to be "less concerned with himself
as a person than with himself as an artist, and less with the artist than with the ... Show more content
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Symmetrically arranging his serious, handsome face and mass of shoulder length hair deliberately
invite comparison with the image of Christ. The idealized arrangement and strict symmetry of the
face is based on a construction made up of circle and a triangle, a formula used down to the
Byzantine period for images of the Redeemer. The frontal pose and symmetrical composition have
recurred in many images of Christ, particularly in the form of the vera icon, or "true image"
(Strieder14).
No architectural setting appears within the plain, black background of the painting (Hutchison 67).
The darkened tone and limited but unified color scheme create a mood of sanctity (Hutchinson 68).
The contours of the face are molded by means of soft light and transparent shadows, almost in an
attempt to fathom the inner depths of Durer's creative spirit (Strieder 147). Set against the dark
background, the strong face and chin emanate an impression of energy from the portrait. Within the
background on the right–hand side, the inscription reads "I Albrecht Durer of Nuremberg painted
myself thus, with undying colors, at the age of twenty–eight years" (Hutchinson 67). This was a
personal verification of the quality of his materials and his

The Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws In the tumultuous period leading up to World War II, a series of laws were
devised in Nazi Germany that subjected the Jewish people to prohibitory and discriminatory forms
of treatment. Although the Jewish people only accounted for 503,000 of the 55 million occupants of
the country, Adolf Hitler's dictatorship preached the incorporation of anti–Semitism into law and
practice in order to quell the people he considered to be the enemy of the country. The Nuremberg
Laws, created September 15, 1935, were rooted in the idea of Nazi eugenics; to biologically
"improve" the population into achieving the Master race that Hitler envisioned. These laws would
ensure that any mixing of German and Jewish blood would cease and ... Show more content on
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Today the Nuremberg Laws serve as an example of the possibilities of human ambition in the hands
of those who would abuse it as well as call into question the ethics behind biological eugenics and
the engineering of generations.
Works Cited
. "Nuremberg Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, September 15, 1935."
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~rar4619/blood.html. N.p.. Web. 20 Jan 2013.
. The Nürnberg Laws, Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
. "The Nuremberg Race Laws." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. N.p.. Web. 19 Jan
2013. .
. "The Reich Citizenship Law: First Regulation (November 14, 1935)."
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/nurmlaw4.html. N.p.. Web. 20 Jan 2013.
. "The Triumph of Hitler: The Nuremberg Laws." The History Place. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan 2013.

The Nuremberg Trials Involvement With The Holocaust
War Crimes Trials
The War Crimes Trials, also known as the Nuremberg Trials, were a series of two–hundred sixteen
court sessions and thirteen trials charging twenty–four main Nazi party officials, highly– ranked
military leaders, doctors and lawyers against their involvement with the Holocaust. The trials began
on November 20, 1945 at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice in Nuremberg, Germany, due to its
significant connection to the Holocaust, and the Nazi Party. The trials were conducted by a U.S.,
French, British, and Soviet military tribunal, and the trials were authorized by the London
Agreement. The charges against those being tried were crimes against peace including planning,
starting and waging war; war crimes including violations of laws of war; crimes against humanity ...
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On October 1, 1946, verdicts on twenty– two of the twenty– four defendants had been handed
down. Twelve of the original twenty– four were sentenced to death by hanging including Julius
Streicher, Alfred Rosenberg, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Martin Bormann, and Hermann Goering.
Bormann was tried and sentenced in absentia, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach was deemed
mentally unfit, and too ill to stand at trial. Goering was sentenced to death, but on the eve of his
execution, took a cyanide crystal and died within minutes. Robert Ley, known as the "undisputed
dictator of labor" in Germany, was obsessed with the idea of becoming a martyr, and committed
suicide in his prison cell shortly before his trial began. Ten of twelve were sentenced to death by
hanging, and were executed on October 16,1946. The rest of the defendants received prison
sentences from ten years imprisonment to life imprisonment. Chancellor and dictator of Germany,
and leader of the Nazi party, Adolf Hitler, was to be tried in the Nuremberg Trials as well, but had
disappeared, later to be discovered that he killed

Nuremberg Research Paper
PROBLEM DEFINTION IN THE URBAN CONTEXT Nuremberg, Germany is a city that is well
known throughout the records of history. Post World War II, Nuremberg was the center for justice to
trial various Nazi and German officials from their heinous war crimes. After the Nuremberg trials,
Nuremberg began to urbanize like the rest of Germany recovering from World War II by
redeveloping neighborhoods and streets. Most of the streets were designed to be small and
inaccessible by more than a few cars at a time. As the German population increased and more
Germans moved to the city of Nuremberg, the amount of cars populating the city also began to rise.
With the increasing amount of cars came the abundance of emissions and air pollution from the
vehicles. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within the first two months after the removal of cars, there air quality in the surrounding areas
actually deteriorated because of the changing of weather (Pluske) However, after one year of the car
removal, air pollution within the road closure significantly decreased and Nuremberg had a decrease
of Nitrous Oxide by over 30% because of the elimination of cars. This can be directly seen in the
figure below. The figure describes the change of spatial air structure of NO2 from the 1980s to the
late 1990's where the upwind pushes the air out of the city and then circulates back to the city. From
the years of 1981–1985 which was before the removal of cars, the nitrous oxide was in the form of a
bell shape curve where the pollution reached a peak percentage in the middle of the city, however,
after the removal of cars it can be seen that there is a downward trend of nitrious oxide within the
area and in the

Pros And Cons Of The Nuremberg War Trial
Beverley McLachlin, the 2007 Chief Justice of Canada, once said, "The most advanced justice
system in the world is a failure if it does not provide justice to the people it is meant to serve."
The Nuremberg War Trial has been considered the most significant as well as the most debatable
event in military law history. To those who support the trial it promises the first effective recognition
of a world law for the punishment of criminals who start wars or conduct inhuman acts during them.
To the opposing critics the trial appears in many aspects a denial of legal ethics which they regard as
the heart of any system of justice under law.
Towards the end of World War II the Allies were counting the days until Hitler's regime would
finally be defeated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most significantly, the German defendants at Nuremberg were being tried for several categories of
offense that had no precedent under international law creating "ex post facto" charge, meaning that
the defendants were indicted for something that was not a crime until after they had committed it. At
the time that the German officials on trial committed the various atrocities for which they were
charged, no international law specifically banned their actions. The prosecution was therefore able
to construct their charges to maximize the rate of conviction. Most national legal codes, including
the law of the United States, require that a crime must have been illegal at the time the act was
committed in order to charges to be pressed. The major focuses of the prosecution were crimes
against the peace, crimes against humanity, war crimes, organizations, and conspiracy. Of all these,
only war crimes was a clearly recognized category under pre–existing international law.
War crimes jurisprudence was based on The Hague and Geneva conventions, and narrowly
governed the treatment of foreign soldiers and civilians during wartime. Technically, the only war
crimes committed by the Germans involved the treatment of Allied prisoners of war and of the
populations of conquered

The Nuremberg Trials Rewritten Essay
How does a human judge another human for a crime that could have very well have been done by
the person judging the convicted person if he/she were in their shoes? No one understands what
truly goes on in someone else's mind. For that reason alone judging one another is wrong. "The year
world war II finally ended, a courtroom in Nuremberg, Germany, became the scene of what would
be called the greatest trials of the world" (www.pbs.org)". When the Nuremberg trials began Nazi's
were judged on what role they played during Hitler's reign. Though, instead of the German and
Jewish citizens judging the Nazi's it was the Americans. The major discussion about the topic is
whether they are truly guilty or not. If people have looked at the additional ... Show more content on
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What's worse is that the trials were not like regular trials. "The soviets wanted speedy trials;
prosecutors would simply outline charges and judges hand down sentences. Robert Jackson insisted
there be time for the accused to defend themselves... he reminded everyone the United states held
most of the Nazis to be tried and the evidence to be used against them (www.pbs.org)." This held for
two questions why did the Americans have the most is say in a case that didn't really involve them
and why is it that the Soviet Union wanted the trials to end quickly? Were the Americans trying to
cover something up or were they trying to be good Samaritans? What secret was the Soviet Union
trying to hide by not using the evidence and just sentencing people? A man once said, "Conviction
was by no means certain. You must put no man on trial, if you are not willing to see him freed if not
proven guilty. If we want to shoot Germans as a matter of policy, let it be done by such. But don't
hide the deed behind a court by Robert Jackson (www.pbs.org)." How it is that human could be as
cruel to another human just because that human did wrong? If taking away the life of a killer could
fix things many of them would be dead by now but the thing is that if they just died then who would
repent for their sins. The death of man and the revenge of another just lead a

Nuremberg Trials: A Significant Aspect Of The Holocaust
The Nuremberg Trials During your lifetime, have you ever wanted to bring someone to justice for
something bad that they had done? The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials held between 1945
and 1949 in which the Allies prosecuted German military leaders, political officials, industrialists,
and financiers for the crimes they had committed during World War II. The Nazis who participated
in doing those terrible things to the Jews were brought to justice. Most of them were executed for
the sickening crimes they commited. The Nuremberg Trials were a significant aspect of the
Holocaust because this event was held for the purpose of bringing Nazi war criminals to justice. The
Nuremberg Trials were a series of 13 trials carried out in Nuremberg,

Why Was Hitler Accountable For Hitler's Trial Of Nuremberg?
In the trial of Nuremberg, the defendants said that they were following orders and that they should
not be held accountable for it. I agree that they should not be liable for their actions. Hitler was a
dictator and he does not like it when he does not get his way. These soldiers were put into a
circumstance, where you either fight or die. Even if you do not want to fight, you would be either
killed or thrown in jail. Many of the soldiers were scared. It was a hard decision for them because
either way they have the possibility of being killed. Choosing to fight in the war can have the
possibility of surviving it and staying alive. After World War I, due to the aftermath of war and the
harsh punishments of the Treaty Versailles, Germany's economy was terrible. People were in
poverty and in need of jobs. Hitler came and told these unemployed men, that if they were in need
of a job, they have a spot in the army. Many of these soldiers were in need of the money, so they
agreed to join. It was not like they would love seeing other people die; plenty of soldiers just wanted
to support their family. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In that moment, they are not given a chance to think it through. Leaders barking out commands to
soldiers, telling them to do what they are told or otherwise will be shot. Following orders of those
having higher ranks were something they were trained to do. They were misled and did not know
what to do but to obey what they say. Also, the other soldiers from other places were doing the same
thing. How is it okay to discipline these soldiers, when the soldiers from the other countries were
doing the same thing? It is not okay to hold these soldiers accountable, when the other soldiers are
off the hook for doing the same act. The only reason why soldiers are being trialed and not those
from the rest of the countries are because they lost, which is

Judgement At Nuremberg Sparknotes
Judgment at Nuremberg is a movie which was directed by Stanley Kramer and was written by Abby
Mann based on a true story of a tribunal that happened in Nuremberg, Germany in 1948 until 1949.
The film with 179 minutes duration shows us the tribunal to trial four NAZI judges who were very
famous in the NAZI era. They were Dr. Ernst Janning, (Burt Lancaster), Emil Hahn (Werner
Klemperer), Warner Lampe (Torben Meyer) and Friedrich Hofstetter (Martin Brand). The president
of the tribunal was Judge Dan Haywood accompanied by two other judges from America. The
tribunal was begun by asking the four defendants whether they were guilty or not, and they replied
no. The prosecutor, Colonel Lawson, accused that they were guilty as they were part of NAZI's ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the Jews had the power, Hitler would not be easily do the atrocities, torture, and holocaust as Jews
itself was potentially doing the same thing too and made some damages. But unfortunately they did
not have the power. In my point of view, the problem solving during the tribunal in this movie was
very good as it was made through some diplomacies, negotiations, debates, and fact findings. The
decision which was made was also the right and fair decision. During the tribunal, we can also learn
about soft power, a power of diplomacy and negotiation in order to fulfill the desire of an actor, such
as like when the judges delivered their statements they needed to convince others and the president
of the tribunal by giving some statements from witnesses and also some facts. Based on the
explanation above, I would like to conclude that it is a very good movie as it reflects international
relations course topic especially the power, authority, and human rights. How to deal with those
things is also clearly described in this movie such as like the negotiating with witnesses to attend the
tribunal and willing to give some statements, and how the statements were proven through some
facts findings which finally come up in to a fair decision. And there are still more knowledge can be
gained from this

The Holocaust: The Nuremberg Trials
The Holocaust was a tragic event in history. About 6 million people lost their lives during this event.
During the first half of the 20th century, led by Adolf Hitler, encouraged segregation against Jews
and other "undesirables" such as gypsies, homosexual men and women, the mentally disabled, or
physically disabled. Jewish children soon couldn't even go to school with the other German
children. Jewish businesses were forced to close and synagogues were burned and vandalized. Nazis
also set up ghettos, where Jews were segregated from the people and were forced to live in horrible
conditions. The Nazis developed "The Final Solution," a plan to get rid of the Jews. They decided
the most efficient way of doing this was to set up camps to exterminate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First, there was no precedent for an international trial of war criminals. There were earlier instances
of prosecution for war crimes. Such as the execution of a confederate army officer Henry Wirz for
his maltreatment of Union prisoners of war during the American Civil War; and the courts–martial
held in Turkey in 1919–1920 to punish those responsible for the Armenian genocide of 1915–1916.
These were trials conducted according to the laws of a single nation rather than, as in case of the
Nuremberg Trials, a group of four powers with different legal traditions and practices ("The
Nuremberg Trials"). The four leading powers with different legal traditions and practices were
France, Britain, The Soviet Union, and the US. The allies eventually established the laws and
procedures for the Nuremberg trials with the London Charter of the International Military Tribunal,
issued on August 8, 1945 ("Nuremberg Trials" US History). Among other things, the charter defined
three categories of crimes: crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. It was
determined that civilian officials as well as military officers could be accused of war

The Overwhelming Importance Of The Nuremberg Trials
Lia Turenne
Kila Knight
English 1213–27271
23 February 2018
The Overwhelming Importance of The Nuremburg Trials "It was the virtue of the Nuremberg trial
that it was conceived in hatred of war, and nurtured by those starved of peace. Of course, the trial
was botched and imperfect...it had to deal with new crimes for which there was no provision in
national law or international law." (Rebecca West). The trials were full of controversy and an
overwhelming hope for justice which was the motive behind everything. The creation of the first
concentration camp sparked the anger amongst the Allied nations leading to an increase of hostility.
Throughout the Nuremberg Trials archive, the group of memorialized people are the German Nazis
and the Allied powers. The Nazis whom were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It started with a German invasion on Poland which then quickly led to the creation of "the first
concentration camp for political prisoners". The concentration camps angered many people which
led to the Nuremberg Trials. The trials were an important part of history because of the prosecution
on war criminals who explicitly treated people of different religions in a horrific way. During the
trials nearly one million case files were collected and stored for future uses. Harvard Law school
accumulated all files that were salvageable, created a project to digitize the documents which led to
the creation of the Nuremberg Trials archive. With generous amounts of funding, their project is still
operating and they are continuing to digitize the remaining documents. The files that are currently
available in their archive hold such valuable information to educate generations to come. These files
are vital to the history of so many because every wrongdoing during the war teaches what not to do
and these files hold the truth on what will

Nuremberg Trials Fair Essay
The question of: "To what extent were the Nuremberg Trials fair?" is important because it evaluates
whether the justice system was successful, unbiased, and fair; instead of vengeance for the Allied
nations. The scope of the investigation is during the Nuremberg Trials that occurred after World War
II and including the recent trials that are still being uncovered and investigated. One way to support
that the trials were biased is the examination of the article: The Holocaust and the Nuremberg Trials,
which gives the first–hand experience of Benjamin Ferencz, an investigator of the Nuremberg Trials
and was assigned the role of Chief Prosecutor during the trials for the United States. Another
method to be used in this investigation is the research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Germany had an surrendered unconditionally to the Allied forces and soon after lead to trials for the
surviving Axis supporters and war criminals. The four Allied countries assigned the role judges and
prosecutors for the IMT and that all the trials would be held in Nuremberg, where the demeaning
Nuremberg Laws were created to rid the rights of non–aryan races. Of the 185 tried in the
"subsequent proceedings", 142 were convicted. One of the major and larger cases was the
Einsatzgruppen Case which included twenty–two defendants in the; this included doctors and six SS
generals. The principal defendant, General Dr. Otto Ohlendorf, explain his reasoning for his unit
killing 90,000 Jews. Ohlendorf's reasoning and belief for killing Jews and Gypsies was necessary
for the purpose of self defence, stating that the Soviets planned to attack Germany. Defendants
consented to their popular belief that Jews supported Bolsheviks, thus resulting in Germany's
preemptive strike to avoid waiting for the attack. The three American Judges agreed that the
justification of self defence for the Nazis did not properly justify their case causing disbelief,
continuing with stating that if the justification of self defence was repeated in different scenario the
world would result in all out war. All the defendants were convicted; thirteen received the death
sentence including Ohlendorf. The thoughts regarding how the trials were going to be balanced and
fair were assimilated with American laws and

The Nuremberg War Criminal Trials
The Nuremberg War Criminal Trials
In the 1940's, World War Two was drawing to a close, and Nazi Germany, while fresh in the
memories of many, was falling apart and was losing influence. The problem was that many of the
Nazi leaders were still out there, including Hermann Goering, the man responsible for starting and
constructing the first of his many Concentration Camps. The case consisted of 13 separate trials for
22 leaders for the Nazi party, and many of whom received the death penalty. The trials were a
symbolic representation of the death of Nazism, and the world uniting for a greater cause and for
justice.
The Nuremberg Trials all started when the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and the United States of
America issued a joint declaration ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of which had a bone to pick with Nazi Germany (Fireside 17–19). In any sense, the trials helped
put to rest many of the suspicions of the people as everybody was given a full and fair trial, and
several of the men on trial only suffered minor prison sentences and a few were even acquitted of
the crimes they were accused of. So in conclusion, the 13 trials that would later be infamously
known as the Nuremberg War Crime Trials charged dozens of Nazi criminals with deaths of
innocent people, and saw to it that Justice would prevail. The trials, signaling the end of the Nazi's
genocidal reign, helped unite the world and gave closure to those who suffered under Hitler's and
Hermann's

Why Are The Nuremberg Trials Important
The Nuremberg Trials were a vital piece of American, and world history. The different groups of
people on trial, the judicial process within the trials, key dates from 1945 to 1946, and the location
were all very important parts of the Nuremberg Trials. Between 1945 and 1949, about twenty–four
major Nazi criminals were tried in Nuremberg, Germany for the four indictments, participation in a
common plan for crimes against peace, waging and planning wars of aggression and other crimes
against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, though the most important trials were held
between November 20th 1945 and October 1st, 1946. Those held after were so–called "lesser war
crimes." Within the trials, there were judges trials, which consisted of sixteen jurists, lawyers, nine
Reich Ministry of Justice, prosecutors, judges of special courts, and the People's Court of Germany.
These trials lasted from March 5th to December 4th, 1947. Throughout this time ten were found
guilty, four were sentenced to life in prison, and four were acquitted of all charges. Throughout all
of the judges trials, most of the prisoners were released in the early 1950s for illness, or on
retirement pensions. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of the people participating in the Einsatzgruppen Trials, "except two who were found guilty on only
one count, fourteen were sentenced to death, but only four were carried out"(3, USH). By 1958, all
the remaining prisoners were released. Finally, there was the Doctors Trial which were the first
twelve war trials held by the US. Doctors tried were accused of being involved with Nazi Human
Experimentation. These trials lasted from December 9th, 1946 to August 20th, 1947. Out of 23
defendants, five were acquitted, and seven were hung on June 2, 1948 in Landsberg Prison, in
Bavari (which was the prison in which Hitler was held in 1924) the remaining prisoners received
sentences ranging from ten years, to life in

The Trials Of The Nuremberg
Values Conflict Paper – Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg Doctors Trial of 1946 is the preeminent case recognizing the importance of medical
ethics and human rights specifically about human research subjects. The defendants in the trials
include Nazi leadership, physicians, and investigators prosecuted for conducting unethical and
inhumane medical experiments on civilians and prisoners of war resulting in extreme pain,
suffering, permanent injury and often death. The Nuremberg Code, borne of these trials, establishes
ethical guidelines for human experimentation to ensure the rights of subjects in medical research.
Herein, this writer will first identify and discuss ethical dilemmas presented in the Nuremberg case
followed by three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ethical Standards
1.02 Self–Determination
The second subsection of the NASW Code of Ethics is 1.02 Self–Determination. This standard
highlights the clients' right to be involved in the decision making process regarding his/her
treatment and care, to include refusing treatment. This standard also speaks to the clients'
understanding that these rights may be limited by the social worker "...when, in the social workers'
professional judgment, clients' actions or potential actions pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent
risk to themselves or others" (NASW website, 2017). Nazi scientists and physicians conducted
torturous and human experiments on prisoners of war held in concentration camps throughout
Germany. These involuntary experimental subjects were not involved in the decision–making
process regarding their treatment and care and were, in fact, "treated" against their will. "Prisoners
were forced to drink poisoned water and breathe noxious gases." (Gambrill, 2004, p. 14). Doctors
forcing individuals to participate in clinical trials directly contradicts the ethical standard of self–
determination hence the application to the Nuremberg case.
1.03 Informed Consent The third subsection of the NASW Code of Ethics is 1.03

Summary Of The Film Judgement At Nuremberg
The film, Judgment at Nuremberg, was about the Nuremberg Trials after World War II. It trialed
four German Judges who were accused of non–combatant war crimes against a civilian population,
the Holocaust, and the post–World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials.
The trial discussed how Germany is not at total fault, the degradation of Germany, and the hypocrisy
and deceit from the destruction of the Allies.
Taking place in the Palace of Justice courtroom, Judge Dan Haywood, the Chief Trial Judge, began
the trial by trying to learn how the defendants could have sentenced so many people to torturous
deaths. Haywood sought to understand how the German people could have praised the crimes of the
Nazi regime. Hans Rolfe, the defense attorney for the Germans, explained that the judges did not
make the laws, they only interpreted it and carried it out, unaware of what happened inside the
concentration camps. When Rolfe was making his argument for the defense, he powerfully mixed
pity into his statements, making the people question even the moral basis of the court. After Ernst
Janning, one of the defendants, admitted his guilt during his defense speech, Rolfe tells the court, "If
Ernst Janning is guilty, it is the world's guilt." Janning was not the only one who made an oath to
follow Nazi principles; many people contributed to Hitler's tyranny in one way or another. Nazi
Germany was the dominant power during the World War II due to many people,

The Nuremberg Trials In The Holocaust
When the war finally ended after six long years, the was fell into a period of complete and utter
chaos. So many people were so angry, shocked and horrified that they didn't know where to begin.
After dealing with the initial problem of helping the victims in the concentration camps, many
people wanted to find the people who were responsible and make them pay. This is where the
Nuremberg Trials come into the picture. The Nuremberg Trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany
in 1945 and 1946 where Nazis were put on trial for their role in the Holocaust. Althoughthe
Nuremberg Trials were designed to punish the Nais and to offer some sort of closer to the victims,
there was one major problem that clogged the system. The problem was that there were

The Renaissance Of The North
When I think of the Renaissance of the North, I think immediately of Albrecht Dürer. His many
various works cover a large variation of subjects, ranging from the religious and heavily symbolic to
the secular world of man. His abilities to transform any medium within which he works is
tremendous. Being one of the most well known and influential artists of the Northern Renaissance,
Durer has been in immense influence since his time. Son of an expert goldsmith (Albrecht Durer the
Elder), he was influenced artistically from a very young age. Born May of 1471, being the third
child of fifteen or more siblings, his father wanted him to take on the family business. A very
promising show of artistic talent from a young age made Durer ripe for the tutelage of artist Michael
Wolgemut. Starting in 1486, Wolgemuts ' teachings would later heavily influence Druer 's realistic
and intricate approach to any medium. Coming from Nuremberg, Germany; he would have been
exposed to some of the finest wealth in the North, often used as a hub for publishing as well as
many other luxury markets. Sharing strong ties with Italy, this would be a perfect background for
Durer as a growing artist. Starting with woodcuts intended for book illustration, he felt the tug of
passion and destiny through his art. With an artistic hunger and ready to learn, Durer made it a point
to visit his Italian neighbors at least twice in his life, once in 1494 and again eleven years later in
1505. This was an

Compare And Contrast The Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg Trials and the ECCC were very similar regarding the crimes against humanity
which in result leads to them both being justified.
Nuremburg trials took place from 1945–1949 and it was an in depth look at each individual Nazi
official put on trial. To punish those who were responsible of tutoring and murdering almost six
million Jews. One of the crimes in the Nuremberg Trials was Crimes against Humanity which
consisted of murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other unnecessary inhume acts
committed against any resident population. Some ways the Nazi criminals ruled Germany were;
they used violence to keep control of people, used symbols like swastika to unite people, no
freedom of speech, any different position was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They turned the whole country into a detention centre which due to the crimes led to a graveyard for
the many people killed there. The Khmer Rouge was led by Pol Pot which was surprisingly born in
Cambodia. As short as a couple days after the Khmer Rouge took charge, they had 2 million people
in Phnom Penh and surrounding cities to take part in agricultural work, which resulted in thousands
of people dying in the move. They wanted to transform Cambodia into a country in which there was
no rich people, no poor people, and no exploitation. In result to achieve what they wanted they;
demolished money, free markets, normal schooling, private property, foreign clothing styles,
religious practices, and traditional Khmer culture. Many buildings were shut down and turned into
prisons, stables and re–education camps. Some of the buildings that were shut down were public
schools, churches, universities, shops and government buildings. There was also no public transport
allowed, no private property and no entertainment. Their basic human rights were taken away from
them, the regime would not allow anyone to gather around and hold discussions if they did so they
would be arrested and possibly

Nuremberg Trials: Under Control Council Law
Nuremberg trials
The second set of trials of lesser war criminals was conducted under Control Council Law No. 10 at
the U.S. Nuremberg Military Tribunals, which included the Doctors' Trial and the Judges' Trial. The
medical experiments conducted by German doctors and prosecuted in the so–called Doctors' Trial
led to the creation of the Nuremberg Code to control future trials involving human subjects, a set of
research ethics principles for human experimentation.
" The creation of the IMT was followed by trials of lesser Nazi officials and the trials of Nazi
doctors, who performed experiments on people in prison camps. Critics of the Nuremberg trials
argued that the charges against the defendants were only defined as "Crimes" after they were
committed and that therefore the trial was invalid as a form of "Victors' justice". The activities of
those institutions have frequently been vigorously criticized by positivistic jurists ... [who] have
asked: How can principles enunciated by the Nuremberg Tribunal, to take it as an example, be of
legal value until most of the states have agreed to a tribunal with jurisdiction to enforce those
principles? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How could the law, first explicitly accepted in the Nuremberg Charter of 1945, have bound the
defendants in the trial when they committed the acts for which they were indicted years earlier?
Documentary shown at the Nuremberg trial in November, 1945 exhibiting the horrors of the
concentration camps The Nuremberg Trials on the Yad Vashem website Official records of the
Nuremberg trials in 42 volumes from the records of the Library of congress Donovan

Essay on The Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg Trials More than half a century has passed since the end of World War Two and to
this day it is still difficult to fully understand the severity of what was by far the most destructive
war in human history. More than sixty million people were killed during World War Two and more
than half of those were innocent town's people. Among the dead were over six million Jews, which
was two thirds of the total living race in Europe at the time. Beyond these general statistics were
thousands of stories of crimes committed against soldiers and civilians. These crimes against
humanity included cases of prisoners of war being murdered, sent to concentration camps and abuse
as well as harmless civilians being rounded up and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the research I have done Keitel is portrayed as a disgraced desk soldier whose only defence in
the trial was that he was obeying orders. I still do not agree with Wilhelm's argument because he had
a choice not to follow through with Hitler's wishes but instead signed orders for various ruthless
killings and attacks. Keitel knew his actions were really obscene but he chose to go through with
them to please Hitler. The judge's final verdict for Wilhelm Keitel was that he is guilty on all four
accounts and sentenced to death by hanging. Keitel signed orders for the attacks on the neutral
countries of Belgium and the Netherlands. He also ordered the attacks on soldiers in the East that
should be met by putting to death fifty to one hundred Communists for one German soldier's death.
The judges made the appropriate sentencing for Keitel as he deserved to die for his inhumane war
orders. Superior orders, even to a soldier, cannot lessen the crime when the evil doings are
committed deliberately and ruthlessly. These kinds of orders Keitel singed off on were just so
vicious and cold blooded. Any normal human being in their right mind would not allow for these
actions to happen. Finally, Hans Frank was the third accused Nazi who used the defence that he was
just following orders. Frank was appointed Chief Civil Administration Officer for occupied Polish
territory during the war. Hans Frank stated during the trial, "I did not approve of the persecutions of

The Nuremberg Trials: A Necessary Evil
Jewish Justice Did you ever think about how the Nazi's were punished for killing so many Jews?
Well the Nuremberg trials really gave the Nazi's a run for there money. Like Hermann Goering said
during these trials, "Naturally, the common people don't want war, neither in Russia nor in England
nor in America, nor for that matter in Germany. That is understood. But the people can always be
brought to the bidding of leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being
attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger". The
Nuremberg trials contains justice, victims, and people that would be unbearable of guilt. There was
so many witnesses at the trials to tell what they went through and saw at the mass murders of the
Holocaust. All of the Jews and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But they still had the right to say something or to look at evidence in the trials to try to defend
themselves. "A defendant was entitled to receive a copy of the charges, to offer any relevant
explanation to the charges brought against him, and to be represented by counsel and confront and
cross–examine the witnesses"(Britannica "Nuremberg Trials"). But who was in charge of these
trials? The trials were conducted by representatives from the United States, Great Britain, The
Soviet Union, and France."The trials amounted to 216 court sessions, which took almost a year to
complete"(Britannica "Nuremberg Trials"). Why it took so long was because there was so many
Nazi's to go through and like one of the other paragraphs said, they are still having to hunt down
Nazi's for there crimes. Everyone decided to have the trials in Nuremberg. "The trials took place in
Nuremberg, a city with symbolic significance as the place where racial laws had been passed"
(Spielberg 169). The world will never know what the Nuremberg trials really felt towards the

The Nuremberg Trials
Nuremberg Trials
Andrew Dangler
University of Phoenix
Abstract:
A brief look at the Nuremberg Trials and some of the people involved. It steps upon the problems
leading to the start of the trials including three of the doctors, three of the experiments performed on
prisoners, and the judgment of three people involved with carrying out the vulgar experiments. Also
included are three people who decided to commit suicide instead of facing certain death after going
before a jury. The three people who committed suicide were also three of the biggest people
involved in building the Nazi party in Germany and its surrounding areas.
The Nuremberg Trials The Nuremberg Trials, a glimpse into the Nazis' that committed crimes
during ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The camps included Auschwitz and Dachau which were places where experiments and death took
place. Auschwitz was the place that mass murder became a daily routine after an experimental
gassing was conducted in September of 1941 where 850 malnourished and ill prisoners entered gas
chambers and never escaped the anguish they felt as they took their last breaths. (Bulow, 2009)
Dachau was another concentration camp where prisoners were mistreated and is more known for the
brutal experiments that took place than executions in mass quantities like in Auschwitz. Just a few
experiments that took place at the Dachau concentration camp that were brought out more clearly in
the Nuremberg trials included: high altitude experiments, freezing experiments, and malaria
experiments. (Congress, 2009) High altitude experiments were performed to test the limits of human
endurance at high altitudes. The tests were performed in low pressure chambers where the pressure
of 68,000 feet could be duplicated and measures, many died from this procedure and others suffered
grave injury and ill treatment. The freezing experiments involved placing the subject in a tank of ice
water for up to three hours without cloths or the victims were placed outside in freezing
temperatures

Essay On Nuremberg Trials
World war two the war that cost thousands of people their lives. Why weren't the Nazi soldiers held
accountable for what they did? Well they were that is what we call the Nuremberg trials. What was
Nuremberg trials? The first Nuremberg trial was November 20, 1945 and ended October 1, 1946. It
was like a weight over everyone's head the Jews were trying to find their families or what was left
of them . The Nuremberg trials were held to have the Nazi held accountable for what they did to the
Jews. They held the trials after Hitler had committed suicide. There were thousands of Nazi soldiers
and if they killed them all the government would be no better than the Nazi. So they decided to hold
a trial for all of the top soldiers. That is when they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Hess strutted in, laughing nervously, and said that he had not even been listening, so he did not
know what the sentence was and what was more, he didn't care. As the guard unlocked his
handcuffs, he asked why he had been handcuffed and Goering had not. I said it was probably an
oversight with the first prisoner.
Hess laughed again and said mysteriously that he knew why. (A guard told me that Hess had been
given a life sentence.)"(The Sentencing and Execution of Nazi War Criminals, 1946)
How did the judges let the Nazis have a fair trial and what did they use against the Nazis to prove
that they were guilty? The allied powers assigned someone before the trials to come up with a just
and fair law that would use for the trials. What they came up with was the three major crimes
–waging aggressive war
–war crimes
–crimes against humanity
The allied powers had everything from live witness to documents and videos. They used the three
major crimes to prove that the soldiers were guilty. By killing all those people they were doing
crimes against humanity. They found that there was no defence great enough that all of the soldiers
were in the trials were

Friedel Dzubas Research Paper
Friedel Dzubas was born in Berlin during 1915 and received his formal artistic training from
Prussian Academy of Fine Art from 1936–1939 under the guidance of artist Paul Klee. During 1939
Dzubas fled Germany to London then went onto the United States. He is known for creating works
with an oil based acrylic paint known as Magna. Aside from painting Dzubas was known for
applying pigment by staining and scrubbing paint onto canvas and paper. He is known creating large
works with very few small paintings. He is credited with created possibly the largest abstract
painting in the world titled _Crossings_ and measures 59 feet. His work was heavily critiqued and
promoted by renowned Modern art critic Clement Greenberg, along with other mid–century

The Importance Of The Nuremberg Code
" At the Nuremberg medical trials, 23 doctors and scientists were tried as war criminals... Twelve
doctors were found guilty, and four were executed" (Leaning 2). During World War Two German
doctors were experimenting on humans. Nuremberg Trials were being held as a cause of the human
experimentation. People were being experimented on without their consent to do so. There were 24
war criminal trials in Germany and 12 cases in the US. In affect The Nuremberg Code prevents
patients from being experimented on through informed consent.
The Nuremberg Code sets rules for doctor and patient assurance. To emphasize "Nuremberg Code
demands that physicians obtain informed consent from each test subject" (Hyder, "Nuremberg
Code" 3). Henceforth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In effect a person at anytime can choose not to be involved with an experiment. Also the Nuremberg
Code allows a person to act upon their belief of what is right for them.
The Nuremberg Code main objective is informed consent. To explain "...centrality of the doctrine of
informed consent to the Code...in the context of broader international human rights violations and
called for a permanent international court or tribunal to deal with crimes against humanity, such as
torture and atrocities, on an ongoing basis" (Grodin 2). Thus if someone disrupts the rule of
informed consent they can be charged with pernicious crimes. In other words patients must make an
informed decision of being tested on after being told all of the effects of the experiment ( Hyder,
"Nuremberg Code" 3 ). Meaning people being tested on should know all of the positive and negative
side effects of the experiment. Patients should be fully informed on what the experiment is before
starting it. Notably "Its informed consent requirement has become adopted by most medical
associations' codes of conduct and has become enshrined in the laws and regulations on many
nations" ( Hyder, " Nuremberg Code" 3 ). Accordingly many medical federations have taken in the
concept of informed consent. It has also been

The Nuremberg Code
Ethics in clinical research focuses largely on identifying and implementing the acceptable
conditions for exposure of some individuals to risks and burdens for the benefit of society at large.
The Nuremberg Code was the first international code laying ethical principles for clinical research.
The Indian Council of Medical Research has laid down the 'Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical
Research on Human Subjects' in the year 2000 which were revised in 2006. These guidelines have
elaborated the three basic ethical principles: respect for person, beneficence and justice. [J.
Sanmukhani et al]. The basic responsibility of the Ethics Committee is to ensure an independent,
competent and timely review of all ethical aspects of the project proposals

Judgement At Nuremberg Essay

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Judgement At Nuremberg Essay