4. Plagiarism in a digital world
• Sydell. L. (2015) Online stars feel cheated as
YouTube/Facebook battle over videos. All Tech
Considered/Morning Edition.
http://bit.ly/youtubevsfacebookvideo
• Lang, J.M. 92015) Cheating inadvertently. The
Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from
http://chronicle.com/article/Cheating-
Inadvertently/229883/
• Godin, S. (2014) Why I want you to steal my ideas.
ideas.ted.com Retrieved from
http://ideas.ted.com/2014/02/03/the-big-
mistake-we-all-make-about-ideas/
5. The point is…
• No matter where you are, you will constantly need
to assess the information around you
• In order to be an informed consumer you should
know how to evaluate the information you acquire,
and what is happening to your own data
• In order to support your own arguments you should
know how to research your question and cite your
sources
6. Pre-class citation
Cite this article: http://bit.ly/RYQ2Nz
Kinlaw, C.R., Dunlap, L.L., & D’Angelo, J.A.
(2012). Relations between faculty use of
online academic resources and student class
attendance. Computers & Education, 59(2),
167-172.
doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.028
9. Style Manuals
• Different disciplines use different
style manuals
• Social Sciences = American
Psychological Association (APA)
• Humanities = MLA Handbook for
Writers of Research Papers (MLA)
10. What needs to be cited?
• Books
• Web Pages
• Magazine articles
• Graphics
• VHS,DVD, audio, etc.
• Government reports
• Statistics
• Encyclopedia articles
• Any source of information!
11. What needs to be cited?
• Direct quotes
• Ideas borrowed
• Paraphrased material
12. In-text Citation needs:
• Direct Quote
• All authors’ last names
• Year of publication
• Page number
• Paraphrase
• All authors’ last names
• Year of publication
13. Direct Quote: In-text citation
• As researchers Yanovski and Yanovski (2002)
have explained, obesity was once considered
“either a moral failing or evidence of
underlying psychopathology” (p. 592).
OR
• A relationship is defined as “the
interdependence between two or more
people” (Coombs, 2001, p.106).
14. The wrong way to paraphrase:
Failure to Cite Source
• Original
• “They desire, for
example, virtue and
the absence of vice,
no less really than
pleasure and the
absence of pain.”
• Source: Mill, John Stuart.
“Utilitarianism.” On Liberty and
Other Essays. New York: Oxford
University Press, 1998. Quote is
from page 169.
• Paraphrase
• People want morality
just as much as they
want happiness.
15. The wrong way to paraphrase:
Lack of Significant Rewording
• Original
• “To the young
American architects
who made the
pilgrimage, the most
dazzling figure of all
was Walter Gropius,
founder of the Bauhaus
School.”
• Source: Wolfe, Tom. From Bauhaus to
Our House. New York: Farrar Straus
Giroux, 1981. Quote is from page 10.
• Paraphrase
• To young American
architects who went to
Germany, the most
dazzling figure was
Walter Gropius, founder
of the Bauhaus School
(Wolfe, 1981).
16. Example A
• Original
• Don't look for one of these
tech heavyweights to knock
out the other. Yet if history is
any guide, Google's approach
may win out over the long
term. Recall that in the early
1980s Apple lost its lead in
the PC market when Microsoft
enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and
dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal
such a united front, Apple
could again be swamped by
the collective innovations.
• Student
• Google's approach may win out
over the long term. In the early
1980s Apple lost its lead in the
PC market as Microsoft enlisted
the aid of hordes of software
developers and dozens of PC
manufacturers.
Click here to answer
17. Example B
• Original
• Don't look for one of these
tech heavyweights to knock
out the other. Yet if history is
any guide, Google's approach
may win out over the long
term. Recall that in the early
1980s Apple lost its lead in
the PC market when Microsoft
enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and
dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal
such a united front, Apple
could again be swamped by
the collective innovations.
• Student
• History tells us that Google's
approach may be successful
over the long term. In the
early 1980s Apple lagged in
the PC market as Microsoft
collaborated with software
developers and dozens of PC
manufacturers. Now, if
Google would only summon a
united front, Apple could
again be swamped by the
collective innovations
(Burrows, 2000).
Click here to answer
18. Example C
• Original
• Don't look for one of these
tech heavyweights to knock
out the other. Yet if history is
any guide, Google's approach
may win out over the long
term. Recall that in the early
1980s Apple lost its lead in
the PC market when Microsoft
enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and
dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal
such a united front, Apple
could again be swamped by
the collective innovations.
• Student
• Google stands a chance of
beating Apple if it can benefit
from the pooled ideas of
software developers and
device manufacturers,
following the strategy that
Microsoft employed to Apple’s
detriment in the early ‘80s.
Click here to answer
19. Example D
• Original
• Don't look for one of these
tech heavyweights to knock
out the other. Yet if history is
any guide, Google's approach
may win out over the long
term. Recall that in the early
1980s Apple lost its lead in
the PC market when Microsoft
enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and
dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google can marshal
such a united front, Apple
could again be swamped by
the collective innovations.
• Student
• It is possible that in the battle
of the “tech heavyweights”
Google might eventually
prevail over Apple if it follows
the strategy that Microsoft
employed to Apple’s
detriment during the early
‘80s: collaborating, and
innovating, with software
developers and manufacturers
(Burrows, 2000, 25).
Click here to answer
20. In-text Citations
• More than one author
• Two authors
• Greenfield and Savage (1990)
• (Greenfield & Savage, 1990, p. 567)
• Three to five authors
• You must first identify all of the authors either in the signal phrase or
the first citation.
• Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever (1979) believed…
• (Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, & Bever, 1979)
• After you have identified all, you may use “et al.”
• Terrace et al. (1979) stated……
• (Terrace et al., 1979)
• Six or more authors
• Use first authors last name and then et al.
21. In-text Citations
• Organization as author
• Government or other organization
• Use organization name as author in signal phrase
• Use organization in parenthetical citation
• The National Institute of Mental Health (2001)…
• (National Institute of Mental Health, 2001)
22. References
• The in-text citation must match up with the references entry
• Use the heading “References” at the top of a new page
• List entries alphabetically
• Author’s last name (if no author, then by organization name or
title)
• Double space each entry
• No extra spaces between entries
• If over one line, entry should have a hanging indent
23.
24. References - Website
• Create a reference for this website
• Author or sponsoring organization:
• Last update or Copyright date?:
• Title of page:
• Format if applicable:
• Retrieved from
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
(n.d.).
What is cyberbullying.
http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullyin
g/what-is-it/index.html
25. Website example
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.).
What is cyberbullying. Retrieved from
http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-
it/index.html
Notes:
1. If you can’t find a date n.d. is inserted as an abbreviation for No Date
2. Format is inserted between [brackets] and can be used for [Video file] [Brochure]
etc.
3. Date retrieved is only required if content is likely to change
26. References – Books
• Create a reference for this book
• Book authors or editors:
• Last name
• First letter of first name and middle initial
• Date of publication:
• Book Title:
• Publication information:
• City and state
• Publisher
Grant, J.
(1994).
I hate school!: Some common sense answers for educators &
parents who want to know why & what to do about it.
Rosemont, NJ: Modern Learning Press.
27. Book Example
Grant, J. (1994). I hate school!: Some common sense answers for
educators & parents who want to know why & what to do
about it. Rosemont, NJ: Modern Learning Press.
Notes:
1. Periods must follow first letter of author’s name and middle initial, publication date, book title,
and publisher.
2. Book title is always in italics.
3. Only capitalize the first letter of book title, any letter following a colon (:), and proper nouns.
28. References – Journals
• Create a reference for this journal article
• Article author:
• Last name
• First letter of first name and middle initial
• Date of publication:
• Article title:
• Periodical title:
• Publication information:
• Volume number and issue number (if available)
• Page numbers
• Digital Object Identifier number:
Peleg, R., & Baram-Tsabari, A.
(2011).
Atom surprise: Using theatre in primary science education.
Journal of Science Education & Technology,
20(5), 508-524.
doi:10.1007/s10956-011-9299-yx
29. Journal Example
Peleg, R., & Baram-Tsabari, A. (2011). Atom surprise: Using theatre in primary
science education. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 20(5), 508-
524. doi:10.1007/s10956-011-9299-y
Notes:
1. Periods must follow first letter of author’s first and middle initial, publication date, article
title, and publication information.
2. A comma will follow the author’s last name, first initial (if more than one author), journal
title and volume number.
3. Article title is never italicized – always written normal.
4. Always italicize: journal title, volume number, and the commas before and after volume
number. Journal title follows capitol case lettering.
5. Only capitalize the first letter of article title, any letter following a colon (:), and proper
nouns.
6. Place a space between author first name and middle initial
30. Journal Articles Extra Info
• Articles retrieved from a database such as EBSCO or PsycINFO do
not need to include database information in the citation
• Instead list a doi (digitial object identifier)
• Articles not including a doi number should contain the journal URL
after the page numbers such as
• Retrieved from http://js.sagamorepub.com/pe
• You might need to do some extra searching to find the publisher’s website for
your journal
31. Common Knowledge Quandary
• Some examples:
• Waste not, want not.
• George Washington was the first president of the US
• The earth is round
• When in doubt, cite it.
34. Citations Relay
• Rules:
• Only one person from each team maybe writing on
the board
• No corrections until after designated writer is
finished and the judge has checked the citation
• No cheating and using the built in citation creator!!!
• First team to complete the citation correctly wins!
35. Round 1 – Books
• Create the full APA reference for this book
• http://bit.ly/round1relay
36. Round 2 – Journal Article
• Create a full APA reference for this article
• http://bit.ly/round2relay
37. Questions?
• Feel free to contact me:
• Laksamee Putnam
• lputnam@towson.edu
• 410.704.3746.
• Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
• Or any reference librarian:
• Visit Cook Library Reference Desk
• 410.704.2462.
• IM – tucookchat
