Info 1410 Tutorial 4

Info 1410 Tutorial 4
INFO 1410 Tutorial 4 1 What are the advantages of using a glass substrate for a magnetic disk? Improvement in the uniformity of the magnetic film
surface to increase disk reliability. A significant reduction in overall surface defects to help reduce read/write errors. Ability to support lower fly
heights (described subsequently). Better stiffness to reduce disk dynamics. Greater ability to withstand shock and damage Explain the difference
between a simple CAV system and a multiple zoned recording system For the constant angular velocity (CAV) system, the number of bits per track is
constant. An increase in density is achieved with multiple zoned recording, in which the surface is divided into a number of zones, with zones farther
from the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the capacity of a track and the rotational delay both increase for positions nearer the outer edge of the disk. 12 What differences between
CD and DVD account for the larger capacity of the latter? 1. Bits are packed more closely on a DVD. The spacing between loops of a spiral on a
CD is 1.6 Вµm and the minimum distance between pits along the spiral is 0.834 Вµm. The DVD uses a laser with shorter wavelength and achieves a
loop spacing of 0.74 Вµm and a minimum distance between pits of 0.4 Вµm. The result of these two improvements is about a seven–fold increase in
capacity, to about 4.7 GB. 2. The DVD employs a second layer of pits and lands on top of the first layer A dual–layer DVD has a semireflective layer
on top of the reflective layer, and by adjusting focus, the lasers in DVD drives can read each layer separately. This technique almost doubles the
capacity of the disk, to about 8.5 GB. The lower reflectivity of the second layer limits its storage capacity so that a full doubling is not achieved. 3.
The DVD–ROM can be two sided whereas data is recorded on only one side of a CD. This brings total capacity up to 17 GB. 13 Explain serpentine
recording The typical recording technique used in serial tapes is referred to as serpentine recording. In this technique, when data are being recorded,
the first set of bits is recorded along the whole length of the tape. When the end of the tape is reached, the heads are repositioned to record a new track,
and the
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Designing A Product Or Service The Goal
When creating a product or service the goal is to do something new, do something better, or do the same thing cheaper. Not only does3D printing
creates things in a new way but it also does it faster and for less money. According to 3dpringting.com 3D printing "is a process of making three
dimensional solid objects from a digital file"(What is 3D printing?).
Whipsaw is a successful Industrial Design and Engineering consulting firm from Silicon Valley California (About Us– Whipsaw). Whipsaw designs
and creates many assortments of products for many well known companies including Dell, GE, Google, Intel, Motorola, Nike, Samsung, and many
more (Whipsaw Triumphs in 2015 German Industrial Design Competitions). Whipsaw has many awards and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Price is a key component to making this technology accessible to companies and people everywhere. If the technology is too costly then industries
cannot be expected to use the product and make profit. It wasn't until 2009 that 3D printers became available to the public (3D Printing History). As the
technology progressed the prices continued to lower and made the 3D printer more available to the average consumer. According to Hongkait you can
purchase small affordable 3D printers starting at 100 dollars and under 1,000 dollars (Voo).
Present applications and development
3D printers have the ability to do more than just make prototypes for a design company. There are medical, automotive, food, electronic, and many
more uses. The 3D printer can create weapons, prosthetics and implants, pieces of vehicles, toys and plenty of other amazing things (What is 3D
printing?). One of the most amazing things about this technology is its ability to create something, as you need it. It can cut down on time and get rid
of any shipping previously needed.
The automotive Industry was one of the first industries to adopt the 3D printer. A good example of this is the well–known company automotive
company Audi. Audi has yet to use the 3D printer in their production lines but they are getting close to that reality. Recently Audi created an entire car
using just a 3D printer and it ran smoothly (Koslow 2015, November 13). What automotive companies

Evaluation Of A Research On Software And Tool Path Generation
2. Review of Literature Basically research in FDM can split into three categories 1. Novel applications 2. Materials 3. System improvements This
systems improvements mostly based on software and tool path generation, layer by layer algorithms and part orientation. The basic FDM process
changed since 1980's and it has three Cartesian linear actuators, extruder and temperature controls. To print different materials multiple heads can be
used. Research published on FDM extruder so far is very little. Adaptive filament deposition (AFD) and planar layer deposition (PLD) are the two
patented techniques Tseng has for the freeform fabrication of metals and ceramics AFD uses a conical spindle which is kept inside a deposition head it is
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As the current limitations imposed on constant diameter and shape nozzle, so authors focused more research on variable shape and diameter
nozzles. 3. Errors due to Circular Nozzle In a horizantal plane, the axisymetric properties of circular noxzle makes FDM more convenient to use. But
the angles drwan from the nozzle are eual to the radii or more . Figure 2. cross sectional Geometrical error by circular nozzle. The error is obtained by
the following Equation: Error = r/sin (Оё/2) – r Where r = radius of the nozzle and Оё = angle of cross sectional geometry. The Following figure is
drawn between the intended angle made by nozzle in digress to the error in geometry. From the graph it gives clear idea that when the geometrical
angles are larger in any geometry the errors are less. This illustrates as we go to the larger angles the error is going to be reduced.the three lines in
the graph describe mutiple units of radius (say 1,2,3...). Figure 3. Graph showing minimum geometrical error of an angle printed with a circular
nozzle. 3.1 Limitations of Circular Nozzle It is difficult to draw sharp external corners since we are using circular nozzle there would be radius
equivalent to that of the nozzle at any corner or edge. Round corner and edges 4. Project Proposal The proposal we made to overcome circular nozzle
problem is to introduce

A Report On Additive Manufacturing
Additive Manufacturing(AM) is a manufacturing technology that creates objects rapidly with the help of Computer Aided Design (CAD) files.
Different from traditional manufacturing method, additive manufactured models are usually stacked out by a serial of planer slices which are
produced by processing wanted CAD designs with mathematical code.
Stereolithography, commonly known as SLA, is one of the most applied forms of AM technology. Stereolithography researches were first appeared in
1970s, then in 1986 Chuck Hull patterned a technique capable of stacking planer cross–sectional geometries, in the direction of bottom to top, into a
complete physical model. The unique material in Hull's pattern was ultraviolet sensitive photopolymer. This technology was named and coined as the
term "Stereolithography". In the same year, Hull also founded 3D system Inc., currently known as the first and biggest 3D printing enterprise.
After decades of development, stereolithography now can be described as an Additive Manufacturing process that hardening or curing photopolymer
resin layer by layer into actual objects. The light source, usually using ultraviolet light, provides essential energy for stimulating and maintaining
photo–polymerization reaction in which smaller molecules bond and form cross–linking polymer molecular chains. The energy source of
photo–polymerization reaction can be a laser beam or mask projection patterns. The laser beam moving trajectories or mask projection

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Scaffolds
As previously defined, a composite material consists of two or more materials where polymers are used as matrix materials usually. These materials
behave together to produce the best properties of the scaffold, duplicating the same composite features of bone. In particular, polymer– based
composite scaffolds may mimic the structure of natural bone which is mainly made of HA and collagen. Showing better osteoconductivity, HA can be
considered the inorganic reinforcing phase of the composite scaffold, while polymers such as PCL, PLLA, PGA, PLGA function as the organic matrix.
Bioactive phases creating reinforcement in the polymer–based composite can also change the degradation behavior. Composite scaffolds made of
polymer reinforced with HA seem to be promising substrates for bone tissue engineering because of their outstanding mechanical properties and
osteoconductivity.
While intensive efforts have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The effective synergic role of пѓЎ–TCP bioactive particles and PLA fibers on the morphology and mechanical behavior of the final composite
scaffold was assessed, as well as the interaction between the ceramic phase and the highly organized fiber–reinforced polymeric structure (60).
The integration of biodegradable PLA fibers into the PCL matrix allows a mechanical response that is ideal to maintain the spaces required for cellular
in–growth and matrix production. The addition of bioactive пѓЎ–TCP particles, through a hardening reaction, generates needle–like crystals of
calcium–deficient hydroxyapatite similar to natural bone apatite, which interact with the fiber–reinforced polymer. This interaction strongly enhances
the mechanical response in compression by up to an order of magnitude

Scan, Modify, 3D Print: Revolutionizing the AFO
Problem Statement
Last summer, I started an internship with Shriners Hospital for Children in their Motion Analysis Lab. During my internship there, I realized that
many children could not afford to wait the three months necessary for standard ankle braces. In addition, many poorer families struggle to afford such
expensive devices. My goal for this invention is to develop a feasible and medically accepted system in which a 3D scan of the patient's foot will be
manipulated on the computer to create a custom, 3D–printed brace. This innovative new process, combining the new technologies of 3D scanning and
3D printing, will result in an orthotic that can be produced quickly and inexpensively.
Research & Background
The Ankle
The ankle is an incredibly complex component of the skeletomuscular system. The ankle–foot complex must provide both stability and mobility. It is
responsible for providing a stable base of support for the body (stability), but must be flexible enough to absorb the body's weight during gait (mobility).
The talocrural joint, or ankle joint, is formed by the articulation of the talus with the tibia and fibula. The talus's shape allows 3 planes of motion:
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, inversion/eversion, and pronation/supination. The purpose of an AFO (Ankle–Foot Orthotic) is to stabilize the talocrural
joint.
Orthoses
Orthoses (plural form of "orthotic") refer to a broad group of medical devices that support, immobilize, or treat muscles, joints or skeletal

General Electric Ge 90xe Engines
New Technology Commercial Aviation General Electric GE
–90XE Engines In March 2015, GE Aviation was granted the first FAA certification for a
3–D printed part to be installed in a jet engine. According to GE Aviation, the part is a T25 housing for a compressor inlet temperature sensor and will
be retrofitted on over 400 of its GE90–94B engines. The part was designed using a CAD program and a rapid prototype was made of metal alloy using
an SLS process. The final design was approved, the prototype was printed and tested, and the part was certified by the FAA in a 6–month period.
Normally, this process would take several years with traditional manufacturing methods. What is unique about this part is that it is printed as one
integral piece that contains internal cooling structures, making it less likely to coke (build up carbon during use) and overheat. According to GE
Aviation, it is also 25% lighter and 5 times more durable than the previous compressor inlet temperature sensor that it is replacing. It is printed as one
solid piece while the old part is made of 18 pieces fitted together (Radis, 2015). What really makes AM technology appealing to manufacturers like GE
Aviation is the ability to design parts without being limited by traditional manufacturing methods. The CAD computer allows the engineers to design
with intent and embed cooling structures or lubrication joints into a part; which was not previously feasible with traditional manufacturing. Engineers
can also

Mr. Stephen Abram: The Invention Of 3D Printing
Mr. Stephen Abram, a makerspace expert, emphasizes "Play and exploration can be underrated and underdeveloped in learning strategies that focus on
testing, skill, installation, and critical thinking. Sometimes, imagination and creativity are left to chance or are lower priorities. This is a shame given
that so much real employment opportunity is in the creative world. Makerspaces in the library can partially address this issue" (Abram 19). Abram
tries to persuade people that creativity and imagination are essential and cannot be left behind or ignored. Now 3D printing allows people to explore and
create things from their imagination into real life that were thought to be impossible to do. 3D printing gives people the key to a whole new dimension
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In MakerBot's Thingiverse, a design community for discovering, making, and sharing 3D printable designs of shoes, jewelry, models of building,
tools, and other many goods are made (MakerBot's Thingiverse). Three dimensional printers have made a significant impact in prosthetics. Many
know that prosthetics are expensive and hard to come around. Many children in America and around the world with limb reductions can't afford to
have prosthetics. Most prosthetics would cost thousands of dollars, and with children growing every two or three months, parents aren't able to buy
one every three months. Most children would just wait until they grow up in order buy a prosthetic. If a prosthetic is damaged and needs to be
repaired, or a child is in need to get a new one, it will take the manufacturer's months to have it ready and delivered. Jen Owen, a volunteer at E–nable,
a volunteer based organization, says, "Using 3D Printing To Give The World A Helping Hand" (Owen). This organization helps, and gives robotic
hand to children all around the world to children in need. Now with the power of 3D printers, makes prosthetics more affordable and faster for
children to receive. For instance families of low income can now benefit from the printers, and children across the world will too. Dr. Jorge Zuniga an
assistant professor and innovator at Creighton University. He developed the prosthetic hand for children named the

Disadvantages Of Biomedical Engineering
The human body is made up of a series of organs, each one serving its own unique and irreplaceable purpose within a system. For the most part these
organs function to the fullest of their abilities; however, sometimes things go wrong, and organs, for whatever reason, stop working. When a vital
organ fails it begins a decline in all other organs and can eventually lead to complete organ failure. This is because when an organ fails, there is nothing
else able to imitate its unique structure and function. In the face of this, scientists and medical specialists alike have begun to develop methods to
alleviate the consequences of organ failure. Some of these methods result from medicine, geneticists, and mechanics, but truly, the most prospective of
all the methods is via biomedical engineering. Within biomedical engineering, through a method called Bioprinting, scientists can now create new
organs out of the patient's own cells, and have been doing so since 1999 (11). It works like this. First you start with a blueprint outlining the desired
structure of the organ(22). Then you move onto the 3d printing machine, such as a Regonovo capable of running the inkjet sub–method of 3d
printing(15). This type of 3d printing is designed to build the desired object, or in this case organ, by laying down the material layer by layer and
allowing it to fuse together along the way, allowing it to maintain structural integrity. Within a bioprinter there is bioink, which is acell filled

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Fused Deposition Modeling
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF PLASTICS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, AHMEDABAD Title : surface finish improvement of FDM
manufactured parts & mechanical properties characterization
(For PLA Materials)
Internal guideMember's Name
Mr, Dignesh thesiya1. Keshardeep Jain
(Faculty, CIPET )2. Shubham Agrawal 3. Pankaj
External guide4. Vaishali Bhadrasen
Mr, Nirmal patel
(Director, Krishna engineering) CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Principle
3.Material
4.Advantage & application
5.Literature survey
6.Test
7.References INTRODUCTION
1.What is 3D printing?
3D printing is also known as desktop fabrication or additive manufacturing. It is a prototyping process whereby a real object is created from a 3D
design. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
пѓ Et al [1] the chemical post treatment does not require human intervention and has led to a signiп¬Ѓcant improvement in surface п¬Ѓnish at the
expense of a negligible change in the prototype size.
пѓ Et al [3] the surface finish can be improved by choosing suitable build orientation of the part. It can also be increased by reducing the layer
thickness of build material.

пѓ We have coating parts with epoxy resins and paints; this is by far the easiest method, and is great for beginners.
пѓ Et al [3] it will increase the build time. Some authors has reported that proper setting of FDM machine parameters may lead to better surface finish.
пѓ Et al [3] Out of post processing techniques, chemical treatment has been used successfully by some researchers to produce a very good surface
finish.
пѓ Et al [4] the material property geometry and accuracy influence the 3D model build by PLA and polyamide were compared on the quality
prototype. Quality prototype build by polyamide 3D material in the powder form using SLS process were acceptable when compared the prototype
build by PLA 3D material in the filament form using FDM

3d Printed Gun 's Legal Implications
Nick Pycha
11/10/16
Cyber law
Point, Click, Fire: 3D printed gun's legal implications
I.Introduction
With new emerging technology, there is always an influx of new laws and regulations that come along with it and three–dimensional ("3D") printing is
no different. 3D printing is predicted to have a major effect on the market but this will also lead to many problems in multiple areas of law.3D printing
transforms computer code and designs into actual physical objects of all kinds. All it takes is a click of a button and people can print a numerous
array of objects that range from every day household items to human limbs. Recently the development of fully–functioning 3D printed–guns and gun
parts has caught the attention of many. This paper discusses the effects that 3D printed guns has already had on our First and Second Amendment
rights and how it may effect gun control regulation in the future.
Part II of this paper will focus on the process of how 3D printers produce physical objects. This section will explain the computer files that are used in
order to turn them into three–dimensional objects. The most noteworthy objects so far have bene the 3D printed guns and gun parts that have been
designed by Defense Distributed.
Part III will discuss the First amendment implications of 3D printing guns. This section will discuss the how the published files by Defense Distributed
should be treated as speech under the First Amendment. The government restricting 3D printed

3d System and 3d Printing
. 3D Systems Case Analysis 2012 3D Systems and CubeВ® As a radical innovation, 3D printing has been introduced to market over 30 years since
1980s. This technology revolution doesn't only change the process of molding; it also adapts its industry to go green by reducing wasting materials. In
the contrast, object is produced by traditional technology (subtractive process) generates surplus cut material. In the early period of development, it was
applied in hobbyist uses and industry uses such as design visualization, prototyping, architecture, education, and healthcare. In 2000s, along with mass
launches of portable 3D printers from several companies, 3D printer has stepped on consumer product market; also, printed objects have... Show more
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The company will constantly improve the printer itself as seen in the company annual report under research and development expenses increased by
$5.7 million, or 58.1%, to $15.4 million in the first nine months of 2012 from $9.7 million in the first nine months of 2011 3D Systems Development
Culture CubeВ® and its complementary product The selling point of the CubeВ® 3D printer is not only the machine itself but the company also offer
a cloud service community–Cubify.com. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Cubify turns mobile device, PC or tablet into a
powerful mobile digital canvas to unleash creativity and bring ideas to life in 3D. On Cubify.com, user can find coloring book, cloud gaming and
share creativity in 3D experience. The site also offers intuitive 3D Apps, rich 3D printable content libraries of games, puzzles, and any other
collections for creation, purchase, share, or even sell for money. Additionally, the website also provides online printing service and has the printed
object ship it right to customer later by air mail. Therefore, this service has driven the company to hold competitive advantage over competitors.
People are increasing the awareness of cloud service where everything can be done over the air. The company can create the value of its product by
offering a place where community begins which increasing in customer lock–in strategy and generate more

The Development And Challenge Of 3d Printing
Title
The Development and Challenge of 3D Printing
Introduction
In recent years 3D printing arouses focus of public with appearing in a huge number of areas. In this essay, it will describe 3D printing which is one
important application of rapid prototyping.
Rapid prototyping (RP) is general for several techniques, which read in data from computer–aided design (CAD) drawings and manufacture
automatically three–dimensional objects layer–by–layer according to the virtual design (Sanna 2008).
3D printing also known as additive manufacturing is any of various processes used to make a three–dimensional object. In 3D printing, additive
processes are used in which successive layers of material are laid down under computer control. These objects can be almost any shape or geometry
and are produced from a 3D model or other electronic data source. A 3D printer is a type of industrial robot.
Due to the limitation of space this essay will introduce the basic principle of just four kinds of main printers nowadays and their positive application in
construction. The essay left will focus on the two main challenge this technology is facing now and predict the possible development direction.
Basic principle
At the begin of manufacturerпјЊ3D printable models ought to be created by a computer aided design (CAD) package, 3D scanner or via a plain
digital camera and photogrammetry software This step is called 'Modeling'. Following the modeling, the second step is 'printing'. Although the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Development
Chapter 6 Advantages, Limitations & Future Scope
Introduction:
The various pros and cons of the processes have been studied during the experimentation work carried out in the dissertation. The advantages and
limitations of the process are as stated below:
Advantages:
1.Most suitable for the middle volume production
2.Lead time is reduced to considerable extent which in turn increase product life time in market
3.The casted part has good surface finish.
4.The part have better dimensional accuracy
5.The non–productive time between two products is less as the die is used for pattern making unlike the other RP processes.
Advantages of FDM:
1.FDM models are very strong and durable
2.Models are stable and never warp or shrink
3.Models ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today's commercially available machines are accurate to ~0.08 mm in x–y plane, but less in the z (vertical) direction. Improvements in laser optics and
motor control should increase accuracy in all three directions. In addition, RP companies are developing new polymers that will be less prone to curing
and temperature–induced warpage. The introduction of non polymeric materials, inducing metals, ceramics and composites, represent another much
anticipated development. These materials would allow RP user to produce functional parts. Today's plastic prototypes work well for the visualization
and fit tests, but they are often too weak for function testing. More rugged materials would yield prototypes that could be subjected to actual service
conditions. In addition, metal and composite materials will greatly expand the range of products that con be made by rapid manufacturing.
Many RP companies and research labs are working to develop new materials. For examples, the University of Dayton is working with Helisys to
produce ceramic matrix composites by laminated object manufacturing. An Advanced Research Projects Agency / Office of Naval Research sponsored
project is investigating ways to make ceramics using fused deposition modeling. As mentioned earlier, Sandia / Stanford's LENS system can create
solid metal parts. These three groups are just a few of the many working on new RP

The Medical And Dental Industry For 3d Printing
3D Printing is a unique kind of printing system, which takes a 3D image file and creates a physical 3D image. As I mentioned before 3D files are
generated from what is called a .stl file, which is a compressed triangular meshed surface. "These .stl files were originally intended for a rapid
prototyping process called Stereolithography, and in the beginning were generated by CAD programs; however, because MRI and CT's are surface
scans, they too can generate a .stl file. These .stl files have become a world standard for exchanging 3D mesh type objects between programs"
(McNeel, Sep. 2015, par. 3). Since MRI's and CT's can be scanned and converted into stl files it has paved the way into many different aspects of the
medical and dental industry for 3D printing. When I say the medical and dental industry I am talking about many different avenues within those
industries.
Let us first take a look at the dental industry and the latest developments and how they will impact our lives. Have you ever considered braces for
fixing yours or your loved ones teeth? Remember what looked like metal tracks in someone's mouth to correct their teeth? Well, now they are using a
plastic form called invisalign instead of metal. These are all created with 3D Printing and they work just as well, and don't tear up one's gums like the
railroad track braces. The German–based company EnvisionTEC has helped to innovate many premium 3D printing materials and now they are
entering their newest

The 3d Industry Is Capital Intensive
Date:
12th February 2016
CEO:
Ayush Mehta
Group No: 3
Group Members:
Mitul Goel
Devanshi Raval
Rohith Balaji
Threat of new entrants
The 3D Industry is capital intensive. This may act as a barrier to small and medium sized entrepreneurs. There are several compliances that are required
from the industries such as under employment laws, the company many not be able prevent other companies from benefiting from some of their
former employees; failure to comply with U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other legislatures may result in fines, criminal penalties and impact the
goodwill of the company; and subject to a large number of environmental laws pertaining to compliance. These laws indirectly act as a barrier of
companies to enter the market. There are several other barriers such as limited mobility of operations due to manufacturing facilities, default in
payment by customers could lead to loss of huge account receivables which could impact the operation of the organisation; and disruption of
information technology systems or breach of data security could adversely affect the business. These may be serve as deterrents for new entrants from
entering the industry.
Bargaining Power of Buyers
Stratasys Ltd have customers worldwide, but due to high competition in the industry buyers tend to have a high bargaining power because there are
more varieties of the product available in the market and this industry is more of technology and price oriented which leads to

Designing A 3d Design Of 3d Printing
3d printing is the process of three dimensional solid objects from a computer file. The following information is about 3D printing and the processes
that it takes to 3D print. There are many pro and cons to 3D printing that I will list below. In this paper I will also talk about what equipment it will
take to make a 3D print, But first we will talk about the steps to make a 3D design.
There are eight steps to print a 3D design. The first step is to start with making a virtual design of an object you want to create. The file that you
create the image from is called a (CAD) or Computer Aided Design file. This software may provide some hints to the structural integrity you can
expect in the finished product. It will also help you with specific data about certain materials to create virtual simulations of how the project will behave
under certain conditions.
The second step is called Conversion to STL. You will have to convert the CAD drawing, to the STL format. STL is an acronym for standard
tessellation language. Which is a file format developed for 3D Systems in 1987 for use by its stereolithography apparatus (SLA) machines. Most 3D
printers use STL files in addition to some proprietary file types such as, ZPR by Z corporation. Some of the types of printers include, Sterolithography
or (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP), Fused deposition modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Selective laser melting (SLM),
Electronic Beam Melting (EBM), and Lamainatied

Computer Printers : Design Series, Production Series And...
FDM Printers Classification
FDM 3D printers in the market are classified based on various factors, including design series, production series and idea series. The production
series printers are developed to bring out agility and aesthetics at every developmental stage thanks to ability to use different material properties and
colors for tooling and prototyping. The idea series concerns issues such as printer model and prototype cost and level of user friendliness. Lastly,
design series FDM printers are developed to make designs durable and dimensionally stable.
Positives and Negatives of Using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology
Fused Deposition Modeling has become popular because of a number of reasons including low noise levels, reliability, high accuracy, professional
finishes and office–friendliness. The technique can also be used to produce a wide range of materials. For instance, the production grade
thermoplastics produced using FDM are usually environmentally friendly and mechanically stable. The major downsides of FDM technology include
slow speeds on certain geometrical compositions and poor layering adhesion. FDM technique also requires expert knowledge and experience because
of its complexity.
4. Laser Powder Forming (LPF) and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) 3D Additive technologies
a). Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
LOM is a highly integrated additive technology that can be used to produce accurate finishes, even though the stability of

Advantages And Disadvantages Of 3d Printing Technology
Abstract – This assignment is an attempt to understand what Three–dimensional printing technology. A thorough literature review was undertaken that
helped me gauge three–dimensional printing technology Simultaneously, I derived my own opinion based from the readings undertaken.
Introduction– the Technology a created a lots of things that are changes in our life every day's, from having tea in the morning.
Technology it will give us more things to enjoy in our life especially when you can create for example 3d printing that can print most of some things we
want in different Fields for example: manufacturing and food, medicine.
This technique can be closer to reality than you can imagine, three–dimensional printing technology 3D printing ... Show more content on
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1–There are many different ways of the 3D print , however the most frequently used on a large scale is a process called Fused Deposition Modeling
(FDM).[13]
2–Stereolithography: (SLA) is one of many the methods using to create three dimensional of printed objects. Known stereolithography device (SLA) to
convert the liquid plastic to hard objects.[14]
3–selective laser sintering : is One techniques used through 3D printers today it is called selective laser sintering (SLS),fused and small particles of
ceramic, plastic or glass jointly by heat from highly the energy laser for the formation of solid object, three–dimensional.[15]
The future of 3–D printing The 3–D printing is moves in many directions at this time; all the indications show that it would continue in expanding
many regions in the future, some the most promising regions included the largest domain possible such as growth potential for 3D printing is in
medicine, and also the 3D printing it could take the industry to a new horizons.
There are another area for growth in 3 –d printing for example the replacement parts production and the food

Essay On 3D Printing In Pharmaceuticals
Abstract
The introduction of 3D printing in pharmaceuticals has allowed drug companies to better manipulate and customize a drug's composition compared to
the traditional grind and press methods. This detailed personalization has given scientists the ability to create a single tablet that can release a cocktail
of drugs over defined intervals. This biomedical advancement eliminates the need for days filled with tedious pill taking and organizing.
Background Pharmaceutical companies are some of the most influential players in our society. With such large annual profits, companies like Pfizer
Inc., Amgen Inc., and Merck & CO., are able to contribute millions to the candidates of their choice during public elections ... Show more content on
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This technology has the power to create personalized one–of–a–kind medications that can save countless lives. Some of the most recent applications
created using 3D Printing are drug delivery systems, the creation of complex tissues and organs, as well as prosthetics [3]. This patient specific
technology starts by using computer software where large amounts of data, specifications, and parameters must be inputted. The technology, also
known as solid free form fabrications (SFF), controls the macro and microarchitecture of the shape that it creates. The first 3D–printed drug was created
by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals and approved by the FDA in early August 2015. The 3D–printed tablet, sold under the name Spirtam, is a prescription used
to treat a variety of different types of seizures caused from epilepsy. This drug has the power to help millions of Americans suffering from the
devastating effects of epilepsy. Aprecia uses ZipDose Technology as their 3Dprinting process technology. The Spirtam tablet is printed extremely
porous, making it melt directly on contact with the tongue and a small sip of liquid. This is just one example of the many appealing characteristics
that a drug can take on if it is 3D printed. This characteristic allows a user to avoid swallowing bulky pills which many people can struggle with,
making the drug more usable. The ZipDose Technology allows different potencies to be made for a specific user. The printer adds

3d Printing Has A Reputation For Being A Greener Method Of...
3D printing has a reputation for being a greener method of manufacturing, then the conventional factory methods that, up until now, have traditionally
been used. But that is not necessarily the case. There are heavily spammed myths that are used as a catalyst to speed up the ever growing industry that is
3D printing. 3D printing does not mean zero waste, there are many different types of 3D printers that all construct pieces in different ways. Fused
deposition modelling (FDM) machines, a consumer favourite, print products by using technology methods, like a hot glue gun, with the control of
XYZ co–ordinates. Inkjet 3D printers, lay down a polymeric ink and then UV light cures it layer by layer.
FDM machines are an environmentalist's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is replacing machining for smaller runs (1 unit, 10 units, maybe 1,000 units)." (Faludi, 2013). 3D printing has a niche market in creating more
specialist products on scale, but it could not feasibly compete with injection moulding when trying to produce small plastic cars etc.
Faludi compared the three machines by carrying out a life–cycle assessment (LCA) of the two printers (FDM and inkjet) and the CNC mill. The LCA
included the materials and manufacturing of the machines themselves, transportation, energy use, material in the final parts, material wasted, and the
end–of–life disposal of the machines.
The FDM printer was the winner. "It had half or less impact than the inkjet 3D printer, and around one–third less than the mill" (Faludi, 2013). The
outcome of the study was the 3D printing can be cleaner and greener, when using the right type (FDM). The printers impacts came primarily from the
electricity use; so if the electricity was sourced renewably, this factor could be made redundant.
Markus Kayser in 2011 looked to an alternative manufacturing method that uses renewables. The project was called 'The Solar Sinter'. Kayser explored
the potential of desert manufacturing, where essential products for manufacturing occur in abundance. "In this experiment sunlight and sand are used
as raw energy and material to produce glass objects using a 3D printing process, that combines natural energy and material with high–tech

Power Of Personal Production By 3d Printing
Power of Personal ProductionImagine that you could design a three–dimensional object as quickly as it would take to decide on material and computer
design: this idea is what created the technology of 3D printing. From the conception of 3D printing in 1984, to the first stem cell transplant, 3D
printing has evolved from a sci–fi like idea to a realistic addition in individual consumer lifestyles. Now instead of relying on large manufactures to
produce a special or specific good, the consumer has the power of this production in their own home, creating individuality through cost productive
methods of production. "When you produce something yourself instead of purchasing it, that changes your relationship to it," says Chelsea Schelly,
assistant professor of social sciences, of 3D printing. "You are empowered by it." This empowerment is about to spur on a new industrial revolution in
the manufacturing and distribution cycle. In essence, this printing revolution will encourage the individual to "create, innovate, and fabricate" their own
personal design. In order to obtain a clear understanding of the increasingly popular scientific technology of 3D printing, it is necessary to research the
history, current discoveries, and applications; however, maybe the most important topics to be discussed are the future directions, possible hazards, and
intentions of this industry.
Although printing has been around for centuries, the beginnings of three dimensional printing can be

Advantages And Disadvantages Of 3D Printing
Acknowledgement
The completion of this seminar wouldn't be possible without the participation and help of so many people whose names might not enumerated. Their
contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. but I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to my guide prof. Mayur Makhesana
sir And coordinator prof. Keyur Hirapara sir.
To all friends and other who in one or another shared their support , either morally, or physically, Thank you.
Harshad Vekariya
Abstract
Additive manufacturing, usually mentioned as 3D printing, has the potential to greatly accelerate innovation, reduces supply chains, reduces materials
and energy usage, and lower the waste.
Originally developed at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By definition 3D printing is a very versatile and fast process accommodating geometry of varying complexity in many different applications, and
supporting number of of materials. This paper describes the core technology and its wide applications.
Additive manufacturing, usually referred as 3D printing, is a new method manufacturing products and parts from a digital model. Like an office
printer that puts 2D digital files on a sheet of paper, a 3D printer creates parts by depositing thin layers of material one after another ,only where
needed , using a digital blueprint till the whole part has been created.
Additive machines can now use metals, polymers, composites, or some other powders to "print" a variety of useful parts, layer by layer, as well as
complex structures that can't be manufactured by other processes.
By eliminating production steps and using very less material, 'additive' processes are able to lower waste and save over 500th of energy compared to
today's 'subtractive' manufacturing processes, and reduce material prices by up to ninetieth. the utilization of additive manufacturing can potentially

benefit a large number of industries as well as defense, automotive, biomedical, consumer products, and metals manufacturing and Even

Heat Source Model: Advantages And Disadvantages Of...
Abstract. Additive layer manufacturing regarded as the driver of a "third industrial revolution" can give the industry and science significant benefits
over existing manufacturing techniques. Yet it has some disadvantages, with one of them being a wide variation of mechanical properties of additive
manufactured parts. The mechanical behavior of produced components is known to be profoundly affected by a microstructure, which, in turn, depends
on the material and process parameters. In this paper, a two–dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate the grain structure evolution during
laser additive manufacturing. The cellular automata method is applied to describe the grain growth. The Goldak's heat source model is used to define
the heat input during laser melting. Selective laser melting process, which involves sequential deposition and melting of powder layers, is considered.
First layer is deposited on a polycrystalline substrate. The laser beam moves perpendicular to the area under consideration. The paper discusses the
influence of the heat source parameters on the grain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A wide range of application domains, including medicine, aerospace, defense, and automotive industries, have benefited [1–3]. The term "ALM" relates
to several different types of additive manufacturing, which can be categorized in different ways [2]. Among them are such types as extrusion (fused
deposition modeling), wire (electron beam freeform fabrication), powder bed (selective laser melting) types and so on. The ALM technique studied
in this work is selective laser melting (SLM) where metal powders are selectively melted by a focused laser beam in layer–by–layer

3d Printing In Archaeology
Will 3D printing revolutionize our understanding of archaeology? 3D printing is a captivating advancement of technology that has profuse uses.
Different from all the previous manufacturing methods, 3D printing generates a product in an additive mode to form an intricate three dimensional
object, and therefore has the ability to produce the most complicated irregular object. This unique characteristic deems it highly impactful for
archaeology, where the structures of historical human forms and the tools they used are often very complicated and unique, and there are currently no
simple means to reproduce and study them. Clearly, 3D printing and scanning has many useful benefits to archaeology, and there is definitely room for
improvement. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First of all, plastic is the main material in most printers, and this material biodegrades EXTREMELY slowly: 450 to 1,000 years! This would
create a serious environmental problem if objects were discarded and thrown into landfills, especially because technology is bound to become
cheaper, and this will lead to more people owning personal 3D printers. Another worrying aspect is the fact that guns and other weapons can be 3D
printed with ease, though it would take quite a long time. Already some people own their own 3D printer, and the numbers are sure to rise in the
following decades. It will be quite difficult to keep tabs on the printers, causing a dangerous issue. Of course, if the trouble increases, it is always
possible for the government to set a law stating that only individuals with a license can own 3D printers. The difficulties don't end there, though.
Consider this dilemma. If every single human in the world owned a personal 3D printer and scanner, what would happen to businesses? If there was
a product someone took interest in, they could simply print it at home without spending any money! In archaeology, complications arise as well. In
order to print larger artifacts, you need a substantially larger 3D printer. If you were to replicate a house, a relatively sizable printer would be
required, along with a large stock of plastic and a printer larger than a house. This also means that the cost of

Advantages Of 3D Printing
TECHNOLOGY
Materials for 3D printing were very limited during the early days of the technology.
Today, there is a whole array of material types that are supplied in different forms (filament, powder, pellets, resin, granules etc).
The first step in 3D printing is to design the 3D digital model using a CAD program or scan the object with a 3D scanner. The model will then be
'sliced' into layers and converted into a printer–readable file. The printing material will be added one layer at a time. Different materials are suited for
different 3D printing technologies. There is no 'one solution fits all' (The Potential of 3D Printing, Pg 4, METI Journal).
Some 3D printers process powdered materials which utilize a light source to fuse layers of the powder together in the defined shape. Others process ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Customers may bring their digital file or scan their objects at the shop to print out their desired products.
Factories: Assembly lines and supply chains are reduced. Factories have highly developed and specialized 3D printers. Spare parts are 3D printed on
demand instead of being stock–piled. Broken goods can be repaired by simply printing the spoiled component.
The (Big Innovation Centre, 2012) highlights some of the advantages of 3D printing. One of the benefits of 3D printing is the ability to produce
customized and personalized products. The appearance of a product can be suited according to customer preferences. Secondly, 3D printing reduces
inventories. Retailers do not need to stockpile a large number of products.
Moreover, 3D printing reduces capital costs for manufacturers. As there is no need for an assembly line, the need for a large scale investment in
factories and machinery is reduced. Lastly, 3D printing reduces transport costs, by removing the need for intermediate goods to be shipped from one
factory to another.
FUTURE OF 3D

Introduction. Overview. I Proposed A 3D Printing Centric
Introduction
Overview
I proposed a 3D printing centric business, to be opened on Westheimer in Houston, Texas.
Opportunity
3D printing is a fulfilling hobby and or tool, but 3D printing is very difficult for the beginner. There are many retailers selling 3D printing devices,
but they do not offer repair or training on those device, especially once outside of the manufacturer's warranty. The only places to learn how to
operate a 3D printer are online resources, a maker space, or classes at a university. There is no entity in Houston providing sell, repair, and training on
3D printers.
Benefits
The 3D Print Shop would connect communities of professionals and non–professionals, while offering services to keep every individual on track to ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Types of 3D Printers
Facts
There are two main types of 3D printing technologies for the consumer fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography apparatus (SLA).
FDM printers use a plastic filament that is melted and then pressed through an extruder in a layer upon layer fashion until an object immerges. FDM
printing is the more affordable of the two types as the overall cost associated with printer, filament, and printing accessories are cheaper. These prices
can start as low as $199 for a printer, $14 for filament, and accessories vary depending on accessory. Of the two types FDM has the most variety and
availability.
SLA printers use a vat of resin with a build plate inserted into it. A laser strikes the build plates to cure the resin. After a layer has be completed the
build plate moves away from the laser and the laser cures another layer of resin. This process continues until a 3D object is created. This type of
printer provides better prints and faster print times, but is far more expensive. Then entry level SLA printers start at $1099 and the resin comes in two
pack ranging from $119–$512.
Analysis
Given the two types of 3D printers the best printing type to center a business around would be the FDM style printer. These printers overall are simpler
in construction, cheaper to build and maintain, and easy to teach to students. The affordability of the printer and materials would make

Current And Projected Healthcare Applications Of 3d...
Introduction
Three–dimensional (3D) printing, also known as rapid prototyping (RP) and additive manufacturing (AM), is a transformational technology that is
anticipated to revolutionize the healthcare industry. Current and projected healthcare applications of 3D printing include: customized prosthetics;
personalized surgical implants; drug delivery, pre–operative and educational anatomical models; and tissue and organ engineering. The implications of
3D printing are expected to be considerable and include benefits such as: improved efficiency and reduced costs; personalized medicine; and increased
collaboration . The implementation of this technology does not come without significant challenges, however. The healthcare industry is one of the
most regulated in the Unites States, hype can contribute to idealized expectations, biocompatible materials must be identified, and intellectual property
may be difficult to protect as a result of 3D printing. This article reviews current advances in 3D printing and the current and projected healthcare
applications that will improve quality and decrease costs.
Healthcare in the United States
According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, healthcare spending in the United State grew 3.6 percent in 2013, totaling $2.9 trillion;
and accounting for 17.4 percent of the nation's Gross Domestic Product . In an effort to combat rising costs, broaden access to healthcare, and improve
the quality of care, several laws and

3d Printer Course Project
Abstract:
A course project will be described that utilizes a 3D printer. This project asks students to design a prop for use in a movie. This prop has
specifications that the students need to adhere to. The student groups are asked to design the object, print a model of the object, create a poster
describing the object, and make a presentation supporting the use of their object in the movie. The presentations are made in front of the "Producer"
and "Director" of the movie. The Producer and Director choose the best design to be printed full size. The outcomes for this project include: students
will be able to think in a 3–D environment and students will understand the way 3–D printing works, students will develop skills in turning designs
into real–world objects, students will develop problem–solving skills through the process of operating a 3–D printer, and students will develop skills in
working as a group and communicating the results. This project would be appropriate for students in a variety of courses. The results of such a project
will be shared.
Introduction
Using a 3D printer as a motivator for students to be creative can be a benefit to any currirulum. As Van Epps, Huston, Sherrill, Alvar, and Bowen
(2015) state "3D printing not only promotes learning but inspires creativity and fun". One of the major goals ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Fantastic Flicks Film Company has hired you to create the "Holy Grail" for use in a new movie. The title of the movie is going to be
"Kentucky Smith and the Holy Grail". The premise of the movie is that Smith, an archaeologist, searches the desert for the Holy Grail. He finds the
Holy Grail but has to fight villains to keep it. This project has been given to several other groups in your company. You are competing with the other
groups to have your grail chosen for the movie. If your group is chosen, each member of your group will get a

Designing A 3d Modeling Software
Once you have a 3D model the next step is to prepare it in order to make it 3D printable. Preparing a 3D model to be 3D printed is called slicing.
Slicing is dividing a 3D model into hundreds or thousands of horizontal layers. This is done with software. It can sometimes be done within a 3D
modeling software application. Certain 3D printers require a certain slicing tool. Once the 3D modelTo begin 3D printing you first have to make a
virtual design of the object that you want to create. The virtual design is a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file. A CAD file is created using a3D
modeling application or with a 3D scanner. A 3D scanner is used to make a 3D digital copy of an object.
3D scanners: Microsoft and Google have recently created hardware that can perform 3D scanning. An example of this is Microsoft's Kinect. Soon
digitizing real objects into 3D models will become much easier. Smartphones may even have integrated 3D scanners.
3D modeling software: 3D modeling software comes in many forms. There's industrial grade software that costs thousands of dollars a year, or there's
a free open source software, like Blender.
is sliced, it is ready to be sent to the 3D printer. This can be done via USB, SD, or wifi, depending on the brand and type of 3D printer you have. When
a file is uploaded in a 3D printer, the object is 3D printed layer by layer. The 3D printer reads every slice and creates a three dimensional object.
Types of 3D Printing
Some 3D printers use different

The Impact of 3D Printers on the Field of Industrial Design
FYW: Future of Writing
The Impact of 3D Printers on the Field of Industrial Design
With the growth of computers comes an increase in viable manufacturing techniques. Programs such as Autocad, Solidworks, and Sketchup, allow the
creation of complex models and aid in producing files which 3D printers operate with. Within the past several years the pricing models of computer
aided design, or CAD, software as a whole has changed in a way which lets students to operate these programs non–commercially for little to no cost.
Autodesk, the maker of AutoCAD offers three year licenses to the educational versions of their software to students for free. Solidworks, produced by
Dassault Systems sells a 12 month license to students for $150, a program which typically costs on the lower end of $4,000. Sketchup the third of
these, owned by Trimble, offers a non–expiring noncommercial license for free and charges $590 for their commercial version. By offering pricing that
makes their products available to the student and the novice they allow experimentation and accelerated growth in industry. 3D printers use a technique
known as additive manufacturing which could be seen as a parallel to subtractive manufacturing. Both systems start with a computer generated model
and are transferred to an external device that operates on an X Y Z axis system. In simple terms printing is traditionally done by stacking thousands of
thin layers on top of each other until the object is completed. While

3-D Printing Essay
Introduction
3–D printing is a relatively new technology compared to other manufacturing methods. It first showed is face in the 1980's and then faded out of
limelight due to the high cost of procurement and operation. In the early 2000's, breakthroughs occurred when working printed kidneys appeared and
SLS (selective laser sintering) machines became available. During late 2009, the early advocates finally produced machines cheap enough – but still
capable of great precision and accuracy – that were available to the consumer. These machines can produce items of virtually anything with
applications varying from fashion and food to advanced engineered systems. The versatility of this type of machine promotes its popularity and
encourages ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(troweprice.com)
Applications
Around 2010, 3–D printers became available to consumers in desktop form and their popularity exploded. The most iconic example of these machines'
emerging popularity is the 3–D printable plastic gun, which was fully functional. This simple but cutting edge piece of consumer technology became a
diadem in the eyes of hobbyists and small scale manufacturers alike while arousing concerns amongst governmental and anti–weapons activists as to
the legality and safety issues 3–D printers posed. (Simon Bradshaw)By now, anyone with only some designing inclinations could use freely available
Google SketchUp to create basic 3–D objects. Because of the applications of this wonderful technology, the industry grew in leaps and bounds. With
companies such as Boeing, Virgin Atlantic, Bentley, Delphi and MTT investing into research and development, the estimated worth of the industry is
currently estimated at 2.2 billion dollars. (Jon Excell) Boeing's interest in 3–D printing comes from their desire for complex, hard to manufacture parts
for jet engines. In fact, Boeing uses 22 thousand different 3–D printed parts across the broad range of their military aircraft. (Christopher Winnan)
Healthcare is right behind in the race to implement additive manufacturing into medical practices. A recent ASME presentation on additive
manufacturing exhibited images of stents

Planning And Execution Of Hy3p 2017
Table of Contents 1.INTRODUCTION1 1.1GLOSSARY1 Organizing Committee1 Judges1 Volunteers1 1.2GENERAL INFORMATION1 2.PROIR
TO COMPETITION2 2.1REGISTRATION2 3.SCORING2 3.1JUDGING2 3.2BREAKDOWN2 3.33D PRINTER IMPROVEMENT SCORING3
3.4DESIGN JUSTIFICATION AND PRESENTATION SCORING3 3.5DESIGN CHALLENGE SCORING3 3.6PROTEST3 4.3D PRINTER
DETAILS4 4.1SPECIFICATION4 4.2DOCUMENTATION4 5.COMPETITION DAY5 5.1TECHNICAL PRESENTATION5 5.2TECHNICAL
DISPLAY5 5.3DESIGN CHALLENGE5 6.AWARD6 6.1GENERAL6 6.2LIST OF AWARDS6 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1GLOSSARY The definitions in
this glossary are intended to assist the reader in understanding the terms used in both the Official Rules and the Registration Package. Organizing
Committee The Organizing Committee is responsible for the planning and execution of HY3P 2017. The committee has the right to limit the number
of competitors on each team as well as the maximum number of teams that are allowed to participate. Judges The Judges are impartial, knowledgeable
industry professionals or university professors appointed by the Organizing Committee. The Judges are responsible for allocating team scores and
awards during the competition and reviewing the Technical Reports. Volunteers Volunteers responsible for ensuring that Competition Day runs
smoothly. Their responsibilities include organizing teams at the waiting area, record printer's printing time, weighting printers, making notes of
penalties or

Designing A 3d Printing Business
Company Selection
The business that I choose to discuss is a 3D printing business which offers services to the medical sector, looking at the background information I
would be discussing the History of 3D Printing, Medical Printing history ,
Introduction of 3D printing industry
3D printing, started in the late 80s by a company called Rapid Prototyping Technologies, although there was a delay in the patent application of the
original conceiver Dr. Kodama. However the roots of 3D printing can be traced back to 1986 when the first patent was issued to Charles Hull who
invented his machine in 1983, and he called it stereolithography and he later went on to co–found 3D system Corporation, which created the first 3D
printer. Many other companies have since then developed 3D printers for commercial applications.
3D printing or Additive Manufacturing is a process that takes digital input in the form of Computer Aided Design (CAD) model and creates solid,
three–dimensional parts through an additive, layer by layer process. It can also be defined as a manufacturing process by which objects are created
by fusing or depositing materials such as plastic, metal, living cells in layers to create a 3D item.
3D printers work like the inkjet printers but does not use ink, rather 3D printers deposit Materials in layers to create a physical object from a digital file.
3D printers are been used in the following industries, Automotive, Aviation, Manufacturing, Medical, and Jewelry. In

3d Printing Or Additive Manufacturing
3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object
is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is
created. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross– section of the eventual object. It all starts with making a virtual design of
the object you want to create. This virtual design is made in a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file using a 3D modeling program (for the creation of a
totally new object) or with the use of a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object). A 3D scanner makes a 3D digital copy of an object. 3D scanners use
different technologies to generate a 3d model from something that already exists. Recently, many IT companies like Microsoft and Google enabled
their hardware to perform 3D scanning, a great example is Microsoft's Kinect. This is a clear sign that future hand–held devices like smartphones will
have 3D scanners. To digitize real objects into 3d models will become as easy as taking a picture. Prices of 3D scanners range from very expensive
professional industrial devices to devices anyone can make at home. To prepare a digital file for printing, the 3D modeling software "slices" the final
model into hundreds or thousands of horizontal layers. When the sliced file is uploaded in a 3D printer, the object

The Initiation Of 3 D Printing
Initiation of 3–D printing took place in end 1980s. Fundamentals of 3–D printing were laid by Japanese Professor. Although he was not able to
contribute 100% with his idea, but later on, Mr. Charles Huck carried on with this idea and finally came up with a machine that can create prototypes.
Later he also co–founded a 3–D manufacturing company that is right now one of the largest 3–D company in the world and contributes a lot to modern
era problems. After this initiative, progress on additive manufacturing process or 3–D printing got started, and since then, it became one of the most
important sector of science, specifically engineering, as it have produced a lot of useful results and have also simplified some lengthy tasks,
transforming them into efficient, accurate and cost effective activity.
As discussed in introduction about types of 3–D printers and variety of industries where they can be used, explanations regarding these aspects are as
follows:
i.STEREO LITHOGRAPHY (SLA) ii. FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING iii. SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING (SLS) iv. MULTI–JET
MODELLING (MJM)
v.VFLASH PRINTER vi. FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATION (FFF) OR FUSED DEPOSTION MODELLING (FDM)
Fundamentals of all types of printers stated above are same. As prototypes are printed layer by layer, so certain dimensions are required by printers to
print that part. As all designing activities are performed on computer and computers are used to directly send commands to printers, defining actual
structure of

List The Advantages And Disadvantages And Schematics Of...
2.5.4. Curing: The model is dispatched from the moving perforated base platform. The developed model contains some amount of liquid resin
attached to the surface of the model. This resin has to be cleaned and cleared. This is done by immersing the model in the alcoholic bath or solvent
bath. The model is further placed in Ultra violet Oven for further processing (heating).
2.5.5. Post processing: In this stage of post processing, the model that is removed from the perorated platform are further subjected to the removal of
the supporting structures and the final model is ready. Figure 7: Schematics of SLA
2.6. Advantages:
пЃ®Excellent building process – The system is very stable. Once started the process is fully automatic and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
List the reasons for the failure of the investment casting shell in case of using a completely solid stereo lithography pattern?
2.List the technical specification of SLA machines
3.What are the process parameters of stereo lithography system that influence the part quality? Explain in detail how they control or contribute to the
surface integrity and part build time.
4.List the advantages and disadvantages of SLA printouts
5.What are the applications of SLA printouts? Explain why SLA printouts are more popular for medical applications.
6.What are the different build styles used to create to create SLA parts? Explain with sketches.
7.What are the limitations of deep dip SLA process? Explain how these limitations are overcome.
Chapter 3: Fused deposition modeling
3.1. Introduction:
Fused deposition modeling is a Rapid prototype process of producing the component by the extrusion process with the basic principle of the material
deposition it layer above the other by fusing it to the layer just beneath. The input file for this process is in standard STL data format. Multiple build
materials are can be used in this process as the build material and for the supporting material. Fused Deposition modeling was invented by Stratasys.
Inc for concept models development which is now used for making the casting paterns and other products for foundry

Makerbot Extruder Case Study
Makerbot extruder
3D printing technologies are changing the way we produce objects. 3D printing is part of a process known as an additive manufacturing, where an
object is created by adding layer by layer. Additive manufacturing allows designers create complex parts for machines.
Extruder is a part of the printer which draws and melts the filament. If the pressure and speed are kept constant then the material flow is maintained
uniform. The material should be in a semi–solid state when it comes out from the nozzle and should be able to solidify and bond to the previously
extruded material to form the 3D object.
How does it work?
The first step in 3D printing is to create a blue print of the object. Makerbot replicator 2 have a spool in the

Designing A Fdm Based Rapid Prototype Ie
Objective The purpose of this work is to design a FDM based Rapid Prototype ie. 3D Printer which will corrects the errors found on other FDM
printers and which provides high resolution and print size. To make the design cost effective FDM based printer is considered as cost of making it
and cost of raw materials is very less. Resolution and material usage customization is great in FDM. Hot end temperature need to be adjusted when
different material types are used. When required it is possible to mix different materials with different properties to produce a single printed object.
By end of this paper one is able to fabricate a 3D printer with low cost.
Abstract 3D printers are devices that can create a three–dimensional object from a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Surely, the potential of 3D printing (3DP) has captured the popular imagination. From jet engine parts to made–to–fit jewelry, the technology is hailed
as revolution in how products are manufactured. According to estimates, the global 3DP printer market is poised to hit $6 billion by 2017 from $2.2
billion in 2012, with global shipments of printers costing less than $100,000 expected to reach about 98,000 in 2014, roughly twice as many as in 2013.
Introduction
3D printer is capable of doing complex and difficult tasks in one long step. A 3D model of the object to be made with a defined set of parameters and
scaling ratios is given as input in STL file (design model in CAD), which can then be converted into G–codes. This data is then used for controlling the
motors and extruding plastic based on the g–code generated.
This automated approach towards fabricating contrasts with the traditional way of manufacturing, where an object is formed by removing excess
material or folding and shaping materials

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