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1. Topic- malaria
By -Anku Kumar
email-ankukumar852@gmail.com

2. Malaria is considered an infectious disease
because it can be transmitted from one person to
another, via the bite of an infected mosquito.
Since the parasite that causes malaria is passed
through the blood, it can also be transmitted via
organ transplant, blood transfusion, or via
pregnancy (so-called “congenital” malaria).

3. Africa: Malaria is very common in SubSaharan Africa. The
predominant species is Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium
falciparum is the most dangerous of the four species of human
malaria. Malaria causes an estimated 2.7 million deaths per year, with
most of these deaths occurring in Africa. Ninety percent of the world's
malaria cases occur in Africa. Chloroquine resistance is widespread in
Africa
Asia: Malaria is widespread in numerous countries in Asia and
Oceania, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Vietnam,
Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.

4. South America: Malaria occurs at altitudes below 1000 m in
portions of countries in South America, including Brazil,
Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana,
Suriname, French Guiana
Central America and Southern Mexico: Malaria occurs in
low-altitude areas of the countries of Central America
including Honduras, Nicaragua, and Guatemala. Limited
numbers of cases occur in Panama, Costa Rica, and
southern Mexico
Caribbean: Malaria remains eliminated from several
countries of the Caribbean. However, malaria [P.
falciparum] occurs in Haiti and in limited numbers of cases
in the Dominican Republic.
Europe: Malaria [Plasmodium vivax] occurs in Turkey,
Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
North America: Malaria eradication programmes during
the 1940s and 1950s, along with widespread use of screening,
eliminated malaria from this region, and there is no year-to-
year local transmission.

5. fever, which may
come and go, or
may be constant
chills
profuse sweating
malaise ( feeling of
unwellness)
muscle and joint
pain
headache
confusion
nausea
loss of appetite
diarrhoea
abdominal pain
cough
anemia.

6. Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease of
humans and other animals caused by parasitic
protozoans (a type of single cell microorganism)
of the Plasmodium

7. Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium.
There are 5 species of Plasmodium which infect
humans:
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium knowlesi which is less common.
Malaria is spread by vectors. A vector is a carrier In
malaria a mosquito serves as the vector that carries
and transfers the infectious agent (Plasmodium),
injecting it with a bite.

8. Malaria is treated with a class of drugs called antimalarial.
Antimalarial drugs are designed to attack the parasites that
cause malaria, preventing them from spreading while also
killing them off so they cant continue causing infection.

9. In countries where malaria is common,
prevention also involves keeping mosquitoes
away from humans. Strategies include:
Spraying your home. Treating your home's
walls with insecticide can help kill adult
mosquitoes that come inside.
Sleeping under a net. Bed nets, particularly
those treated with insecticide, are especially
recommended for pregnant women and young
children.
Covering your skin. During active mosquito
times, usually from dusk to dawn, wear pants
and long-sleeved shirts.
Spraying clothing and skin. Sprays containing
permethrin are safe to use on clothing, while
sprays containing DEET can be used on skin.