The Future Of Cloud Computing

The Future Of Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing is the storing and accessing of programs and data over the internet instead of a
computer hard drive. This report will identify the precedent technologies and services that have
converged and evolved to create Cloud Computing, describe the precedent culture factors that have
caused this technology to emerge, as well as describing the effect this technology has on the social
environments that currently engage with it. This report will also asses Cloud Computing against the
principles of Technological determinism and define if this technology has influenced this
phenomenon, and speculate on the future of Cloud Computing by describing how industrial and
cultural changes could further affect this technology. Cloud computing is the result of evolution and
adoption of existing technologies and prototypes; although the origin of the term cloud computing is
unclear. In the earliest stages, the term 'cloud' was used to represent the computing space between
the provider and the end user. References to cloud computing in its modern sense appeared as early
as 1996, with the earliest known mention in a Compaq internal document (Regalado, 2011). In 1997,
Professor Ramnath Chellapa of Emory University and the University of South California defined
cloud computing as the new "computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing will be
determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits alone". This has become the basis of
what we refer to today when we discuss
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Cloud Computing
In many cases like this one, an organization should always have a backup strategy. Some of the
actions that I would take would be performing a backup on a USB flash drive which will be kept in
a safe place with the office. As for the profit and loss statements, cash flow statements and other
pertinent files will be updated daily, backed up and performed daily. If files are needed to be shared,
a cloud backup system can be implemented. A disaster recovery plan should be set forth with three
different sites * Hot Site– "A separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move
immediately after a disaster and resume business." * Cold Site– "A separate facility that does not
have any computer equipment, but is a place where ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Maintainability– Diverse employment will be preferred so that there are no language barriers for
the customers. Obviously when the company starts picking up business and there are considerations
of going global then our system will have to be redeveloped. * Portability– There will be different
operating systems. Whether it's through the Apple iTunes which will be available for us if we decide
upon a Mac computer or any other PC computer. * Usability– Employees will get the proper
training in order to make their work experience as understanding and satisfying as possible. Any
type of hints or tips will be available for understanding the system better.
There are a multitude of benefits in the utilization of cloud computing. A primary function of cloud
computing is the availability of universal access to files throughout any given level of an
organization. As documents and other database driven information are stored off–site, there is often
a reduction of costs, due to the minimization of on site hosting software and hardware alike. The
many reasons to utilize cloud computing are evident, however, as all other technological advantages,
there are also a large variety of companies that offer these services with different benefits, costs and
application choices. Some of the most recognized corporations offer cloud computing such as
icloud, Google Apps, Amazon Cloud Drive, and many others. All organizations offer

Cloud Computing : The Delivery Of Computing Services Essay
Cloud Computing Introduction. Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over
the internet. It is the use of computing services over the web located in another site or provided by a
third party vendor as opposed to using one's own hard disk, personal computer or server. Cloud
services allow individuals and business organizations to exploit software and hardware that are set
up by third parties at remote locations. Therefore, we can define cloud computing as computing
services where a broad set of systems are connected to private or public networks, to provide
dynamically quantifiable infrastructure for application, data, and file storage (Kling 2014). Cloud
computing is a practical model that has significantly reduced cost and increased benefits as well as
having the potential to transform a data center from a capital intensive setup to a variable priced
environment. Reusability of IT capabilities is the fundamental core principle where unlike the grid
computing, cloud computing has to widen its horizons across organizational boundaries.
Organizations are not required to install a piece of software on their local computing devices such as
laptops or personal desktops but access this application from the internet such as webmail, web
conferencing and much more. How cloud computing wins over platform dependency in addition to
making business applications flexible, mobile, and collaborative. Cloud computing has significantly
reduced the cost of

Benefits Of Mobile Edge Computing In Mobile Edge Computing
Introduction:
This report will talk about Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) within the Radio Access Network
(RAN). Although not a new concept, this report will explore why MEC is relevant for network
applications and how it can be used to cope with the increasing demand of computing power from
the cloud. It will also explore the potential application scenarios and the benefits it can bring in our
everyday life.
Mobile Edge Computing Background Information:
The number of smart devices connected to the internet is expected to increase significantly over the
next decade. Thus, data generated by these smart devices sent to the remote cloud will also increase
significantly. The European Commission predicts that there will be 50 to 100 billion smart ... Show
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MEC is also relevant in the implementation of 5G networks. The benefits that MEC will bring into
the evolution of 5G networks are listed below:
 Compute–intensive applications executed at the network edge will help optimize mobile
resources [3]
 Large data can be processed at the edge before being sent to the clouds [3]
 Context–aware services, such as real–time traffic updates, become available with the help of
RAN information [3]
Networks operators are motivated to maintain quality of experience and generate revenue and
therefore need to efficiently cope with the increasing mobile traffic. As mobile applications and
content migrate to the cloud, the latency of the network to access the cloud becomes a major
concern. For application and content providers to deliver more efficient, secure and low latency
connections, deployment of such applications or content at the edge of the network becomes
essential [4]. According to the European Standards Institute, the market drivers of MEC are:
 Business transformation: Technology improvements and new revenue generating applications
help innovate new business strategies
 Industry collaboration: Collaboration between network operators and application and content
providers is essential for optimal access

Cloud Computing Is A Form Of Computing Essay
Cloud Computing is a form of computing in which all applications, information and resources are
managed in a virtual environment. The term cloud computing, specifically the use of the word
"cloud", it meant to represent the nature and structure of cloud computing. Cloud computing
involves virtual hosted environments allowing users to connect to the services being hosted over the
internet. Google Apps is a great example of cloud computing as companies to no longer require the
need for installed word processing software, in house email servers, multiple IT personnel and many
more cost saving advantages. Google Apps allows companies to access all services including email,
website hosting, calendar, document editing/creation and much more directly through a web
browser. The advantage to using Google Apps is increased productivity, security, lower IT costs and
data backup. Microsoft has also entered the cloud computing realm by integrating its current
software such as Word and outlook with online storage and easy accessibility. Many hosting
companies and even a few internet retailers are beginning to offer cloud hosting services.
Rackspace, an internet hosting company, has begun to offer cloud hosting for clients who wish to
have personal cloud applications in an environment controlled by them. Amazon.com is also
offering cloud hosting services due to its large infrastructure and internet bandwidth capabilities.
Most cloud hosting companies offer easy setup and creation of

Cloud Computing
HOW FUTURE IT TRENDS WOULD IMPACT ORGANIZATIONS BUSINESS STRATEGIES
TO DRIVE INNOVATIONS, ADD VALUE AND GAIN COMPETITIVE EDGE? Chamika
Waidyalankara (ECU ID: 10217155) ACBT – Semester II MBA5709 – Information System
Challenges in Management Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Future IT Trends 4 Internet of
Things 4 Cloud Computing 4 BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) 5 Enterprise Mobility 5 Big Data 6
Enterprise Social Networking 6 3D Printing 7 Wearable Computing 8 3.0 Uses and Impact of future
technology on organizations 9 4.0 Published case studies and Observations 15 5.0 Key Findings 16
Changing customer landscape 16 Rise of collaborative models 16 Personalization of products and
services 16 6.0 Conclusion 17 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Enterprise Mobility Enterprise mobility is the trend toward a shift in work habits, with more
employees working out of the office and using mobile devices and cloud services to perform
business tasks. The term refers not only to mobile workers and mobile devices, but also to the
mobility of corporate data. An employee may upload a corporate presentation from his or her
desktop PC to a cloud storage service, then access it from a personal iPad to show at a client site, for
example. Source: http://www. www.huddle.com Source: http://www. www.huddle.com Big Data
Big data is a popular term used to describe the exponential growth and availability of data, both
structured and unstructured. And big data may be as important to business – and society – as the
Internet has become. Why? More data may lead to more accurate analyses. More accurate analyses
may lead to more confident decision making. And better decisions can mean greater operational
efficiencies. Source: http:// www.wired.com Source: http:// www.wired.com Main elements of "Big
data" are Volume, Velocity and Variety. It is the size of data, speed of data movement and types of
data drives the framework, initiatives and technology behind it. Enterprise Social Networking
Source: http:// www.empowernetwork.com Source: http:// www.empowernetwork.com Enterprise
social networking focuses on the use of online social networks or social relations among people who
share business interests and/or activities. Enterprise social

Cloud Computing : On Demand Computing
Cloud Computing, also known as 'on–demand–computing'. It is a computing that based on internet
to share resources, information, and data with other devices on–demand. It is a model that enabled
everywhere, computing resources such as servers, networks, applications and storages that are
configurable can be shared once demand with access and provision rapidly and released with
minimum effort of management, and different services are handed through Internet to the computer
of organization. Cloud Computing depend on sharing computing resources instead of using personal
devices or local servers to handle applications. Cloud Computing provide enterprises and users with
varieties of capabilities for store and process data in the data centers of third–party. It depends on
resources sharing to carry out accordance and economies of scale, like a utility over a network. The
basic of Cloud Computing is the extended concept of sharing services and aggregate infrastructure.
It is the product of evolution and using current exponents and technologies. The aim of Cloud
Computing is to let users to take advantages of all the technologies, without the require of
professional knowledge of each of them. The goal of cloud is to reduce costs so that users can
concentrate on their main business without get impeded by professional IT barriers. And how does
Cloud Computing works? A provider of Cloud Computing control and maintain the information
which is stored inside the physical servers, for

Application Computing For The Distributed Computing Essay
There are sure advancements that are working behind the distributed computing stages making
distributed computing adaptable, dependable, and usable. These advances are recorded beneath: 
Virtualization  Administration Oriented Architecture (SOA)  Framework Computing  Utility
Computing 2.5.1Virtualization It is a procedure, which permits sharing single physical occurrence of
an application or asset among different associations or occupants (clients)[2]. Fig 18 Virtualized
Cloud model 2.5.2 Service–Oriented Architecture (SOA) Administration Oriented Architecture
utilizes applications as an administration for different applications in any case the kind of seller,
item or innovation. In this way, it is conceivable to trade of information between utilizations of
various sellers without extra programming or rolling out improvements to administration. Fig 2.19
Cloud_computing–service_oriented_architecture 2.5.3 Grid Computing Lattice Computing refers to
distributed computing in which a gathering of PCs from different areas are associated with each
other to accomplish regular target. These PC assets are heterogeneous and geologically scattered.
Framework Computing breaks complex tasks into little pieces. These littler pieces are appropriated
to CPUs that dwell inside the matrix. Fig.20 Grid Computing 2.5.4 Utility Computing Utility
computing depends on Pay per Use model. It offers computational assets on interest as a metered
administration. Distributed

Secondary School Of Computing And The Arts
Short introduction (1 page max)
Introduction
Lostcause secondary school of computing and the Arts has asked us to design a new computer class
room to support both subjects of computing and arts, and since both arts and computing are both
excellent standard, we would need to match its excellent status. This would have a room where half
of the room which would be specialised in both specified, where if it was for arts, there would be
added software like photoshop, and other editing software. I would say having one half of the room
for arts and the other half computing make sense because students will know where to find
themselves for specified subjects. Or they can be mixed but as long as there is specific software
being added.
In this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will cover what is needed, what hardware and software are needed. what needed/ specific
computers/specific devices
There will be a lot needed into making the class to have computers which will support both subjects.
This is because computing and art are different subjects and having to bring both subjects together
could demand a lot. Computers will be the key feature to making this class.
There is more into art than just having a pen and drawing or painting pictures on a paper. The
technology has advanced and discovered new kind of art within computers. Most of the modern day
computers can support computing and basic art. In order to have a fully functioning computer that
can cover both subjects is having to get suitable software and having the right aspects in a computer.
You don't want to be buying a computer and having to install a software which will reduce the
performance of the computer. It's important to know the aspects of a computer before buying.
The most suitable computers I would recommend are apple based computers, HP, Dell and
Samsung. These are big brands and most reliable. There are more computer companies that are
suitable for both computing and arts but for now choose to call out the big names for a simple fact.
They have a wider range of usage in every continent. This means that if you have any technical
difficulties that are pasted the school IT technician solving skills, you could easily

Cloud Computing
CLOUD COMPUTING NAME: INSTITUTION: Question 1. What is the most appropriate Cloud
Deployment model (or combination) for BPI (Public, Private, Community, or Hybrid)? One of the
main things that we need to understand in the process of selecting the appropriate cloud
development model for BPI is to understand what cloud deployment is all about. Cloud has been
used for a while now and as business and security comes, it is predicted to be rising faster as years
come by. The ubiquitous term cloud refers to anything that is being delivered today through the
internet and in simple terms, cloud is where one can rent technology and information services on the
internet through the providers. Most companies are today turning their focus on ... Show more
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Cloud bursting refers to case where the current existing infrastructure of the private cloud is unable
to handle load spikes and thus requires an option of fallback in order to support the load. For this
reason, the cloud will be able to transfer the workloads between the private and the public hosting
without inconveniencing with the company, banking institutions or the consumers. With 800
employees, handling millions of clients and the several banking institutions, the payment technology
platform that runs on Red Hat Linux needs to run smoothly without misbalancing operations from
any end of the users. BPI has a data center in addition to the production payments processing
platforms that allows the users worldwide to access services like email, file services, image library
amongst others and this means that the data processed on daily basis is normally big, therefore, BPI
should the hybrid cloud storage in order to retain the accumulated sales, business and any other data
and then run the analytical queries within the public cloud which can actually scale in order to
support the increasing demand of the distributed computing tasks. Lastly is the security issue that
can be achieved while using the hybrid cloud. Hybrid cloud model offers the on–premises, what we
can refer to as a private infrastructure that is only directly accessible by BPI. This will reduce the
random access latency and time. Since there is an increased risk of

Cloud Computing
CLOUD COMPUTING SUBMITTED BY: S.MEENAKSHI(meenushalu14@gmail.com)
A.V.MONISHA(avmonisha2012@gmail.com) II–IT dept PSNA college of engineering and
technology ABSTRACT: IT departments and infrastructure providers are under increasing pressure
to provide computing infrastructure at the lowest possible cost. In order to do this, the concepts of
resource pooling, virtualization, dynamic provisioning, utility and commodity computing must be
leveraged to create a public or private cloud that meets these needs. Cloud computing is a general
term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. This provides the
smaller ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For some users, this is where the cloud layers stop piling up. Amazon, for instance, allows users to
rent virtual servers by the hour, to do with what they will – run as web servers, process data,
whatever the user wants. This kind of activity is called as utility computing. LEVELS OF CLOUD
COMPUTING: Cloud computing is typically divided into three levels of service offerings. Software
as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a service (IaaS). These levels
support virtualization and management of differing levels of the solution stack. SOFTWARE AS A
SERVICE: A SaaS provider typically hosts and manages a given application in their own data center
and makes it available to multiple tenants and users over the Web. Some SaaS providers run on
another cloud provider's PaaS or IaaS service offerings. Oracle CRM On Demand, Salesforce.com,
and Netsuite are some of the well known SaaS examples. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE: Platform as
a Service (PaaS) is an application development and deployment platform delivered as a service to
developers over the Web. It facilitates development and deployment of applications without the cost
and complexity of buying and managing the underlying infrastructure, providing all of the facilities
required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and

Cloude Computing
Cloud Computing and Security ITM 5600 Thomas Payne Webster University Cloud Computing and
Security The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) define cloud computing this
way. "Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on–demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential
characteristics (On–demand self–service, Broad network access, Resource pooling, Rapid elasticity,
Measured Service); three service models (Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS), ... Show more
They overwhelmingly reported one key reason for choosing cloud – better value. Eighty percent of
business executives in the survey indicated that value was among their most important reason for
choosing cloud applications, more than five times as many that chose any other factor including
compliance (14%) or competitive advantage (13%). Interestingly, the most frequent "Other" reason
given by business executives for choosing cloud were that IT did not need to be involved in the
purchase. (Research, 2012) These findings seem to make sense. The CIO and business executive
have different areas of focus in their jobs It relation to the CIOs concerns with better compliance,
the survey also indicated that outdated on premise applications as a reason for cloud usage. 61% of
the participants reported that they have business–critical software that has not been upgraded
recently. 14% stated that the problem is severe and their organizations rely on software that has not
been upgraded in for or more years. Some respondents are also not confident their on premise
applications comply with maintenance requirements. Most organizations have requirements for their
mission–critical applications to be kept current. 62% of those surveyed agreed, however 28% were
not confident they were in compliance with these requirements. Moving these outdated applications
to the cloud seems to "kill two birds with one stone". Getting the software upgraded as well as the

On Demand Computing Cloud Computing Essay
On Demand Computing–Cloud Computing: A Survey Reena Saini1, a) and Nachiket Sainis2, b) 1
Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology B. K. Birla Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Pilani 333031, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, B. K.
Birla Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pilani 333031, India a)reesaini@gmail.com
b)nachi.312@gmail.com Abstract. Cloud computing is the upcoming generation of computation.
Internet based computing is known as cloud computing, where software and hardware resources
provided to the user on demand. Cloud computing is new paradigm that uses dynamically scalable
shared resources e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications and services. It provides different
cloud services through which resources can be swiftly providing and released with minimum
management efforts. In this paper, we aim to pinpoint the types of cloud, services and difference that
shows how effective cloud computing from other paradigm (Grid computing, Utility computing and
Mainframe). Last, we will provide an overview on the various challenges and risk associated to
cloud computing that deserves future research. I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing refers to
applications and services that run on a distributed network using virtualized resources and accessed
by common internet protocol and networking standards. In the other words, cloud to be very large
server on which different services and data stored and we can access all those

Computing Is The Environment Of The Future Of Cloud Computing
I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing has been ideas as the next generation paradigm in
computation. Cloud is an environment of the software and hardware resources in the centers of data
that provide diverse services over the network or the Internet to satisfy user's requirements [1]. The
explanation of "cloud computing" from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
[2] is that cloud computing enables omnipresent, convenient, on–demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service
provider interaction. According to the explanation, cloud computing ... Show more content on
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Data security has systematically been a major issue in IT. Data security becomes particularly serious
in the cloud computing environment, because data are scattered in different machines and storage
devices including servers, PCs, and various mobile devices such as wireless sensor networks and
smart phones. Data security in the cloud computing is more complicated than data security in the
traditional data systems. To make the cloud computing be adoptive by users , first to make cloud
environment trustworthy to win confidence of users to adopt this technology. Before the data
security issues are discussed, the functions of cloud computing are examined first for facilitates and
manages the services. Cloud computing environment allow two basic types of functions: computing
and data storage. The cloud is growing incessantly because it could provide high performance
computational services at cheaper rates. Famous IT companies such as Microsoft, Amazon, Google
and Rake space have provided cloud service on the Internet. Organizations and companies are
moving and extending their business by adopting the cloud computing to reduce their cost.
According to the difference of entree scope, cloud can be divided into three types: public cloud,
private cloud, and hybrid cloud. A private cloud is a cloud in which only authorized users can access
the Services and privacy from the provider.

Cloud Computing Essay
Cloud Computing–Technology at Its Best Donna Hare Ashford University Computer Literature–INF
103 Mortoza Abdullah September 3, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction3 Definition "What is
Cloud Computing?"4–5 History of Cloud Computing5–6 Cloud Computing Services6–7 Examples
of Cloud Computing8 Cloud Computing Infrastructure/Service Models9–10 Characteristics of
Cloud Computing10–11 The Latest Innovation of Cloud Computing11–12 The Latest Invention of
Cloud Computing12–14 Privacy Concerns14–18 Conclusion19 References20 CLOUD
COMPUTING INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is somewhat like the sun on a cloudy day; you
cannot see it, but you know it is there. You do not get to see what is on the other side of the ... Show
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Almost all modern day characteristics of cloud computing were thoroughly explored in Douglas
Parkhill's book, "The Challenge of the Computer Utility." With global availability of high capacity
networks, low cost computers and storage devices and the widespread adoption of hardware
virtualization, service oriented architecture, autonomic, and utility computing have led to
tremendous growth in cloud computing. Moving forward 30 years to 1997, is when the term "cloud
computing" was first used by information systems professor Ramnath Chillappa. Within a few years,
companies began switching from hardware to cloud services; they were attracted to the benefits like
the reduction in capital costs as well as an easing in IT staff; the number one benefit being
efficiency. Cloud computing is a big concern for IT workers because it is a "on–demand self–
service," which allows users to obtain, configure, and deploy cloud services themselves using cloud
catalogs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing In an attempt to gain a competive edge,
businesses are increasingly looking for new and innovative ways to cut cost while maximizing
value–especially now, during a global economic downturn. Businesses realize they need to grow and
are simultaneously under pressure to save money. Moving to cloud computing can help
organizations survive in tough economic times; equipping them with the

Cloud Computing
CLOUD COMPUTING PRASHANT G.PANDEY SANDEEP D. SINGH 3rd Author TIMSCDR
TIMSCDR 3rd author's affiliation C–502, Silver Oak Appt., Beverly park B–201, New Garden view,
Tulinj Road, 1st line of address Mira Road (E), Thane–401107. Nalasopara (E), Thane– 401209 2nd
line of address Mob. No. +91– 09322119824 Mob. No. +91– 09850394576 Telephone number, incl.
country code prashant.pandey@sify.com Sandy.Singh1432@gmail.com 3rd E–mail ABSTRACT As
with any new trend in the IT world, enterprises must figure out the benefits and risks of cloud
computing and the best way to use this technology. The buzz around cloud computing has reached a
fever pitch. Some believe it is a disruptive trend representing the next stage in the evolution of ...
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Cloud computing is :  Environment friendly  Task oriented  Requires no Maintenance It gives
user the benefit of separating application code from physical resources and to use external assets to
handle peak loads. 2.1.1 Security Security is the most important thing for an organization or and
company. If a company has a very big portal then we cannot say that the company is really very big
but if the security of the company should be well assured that it is safe . Hence, I can say that
Security is the most important hurdle for an organization to keep its data & policies undercover so
that only the recommended people can have an access to it. With their business information and
critical IT resources outside the firewall, customers worry about their vulnerability to attack. 2.1.2
Technical Hardware & Software Expertise Users need equipment and resources to customize cloud
computing services more relevant and more tailored to the needs of their businesses. Proper man–
power is needed to develop the applications to suit a business's needs. The availability of physical
hardware and software components need to be ensured for realizing the benefits of cloud computing.
According to the writings of Hinchcliffe(2009, p. 261), wider technical fluency and expertise in the
selected cloud computing platforms, which tend to emphasize technologies such as Open Source or
newer web–style programming languages and

Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing
CIS 500
August 28, 2012
Introduction The world is turning to cloud computing to manage data. Businesses are at the forefront
of this new trend with companies such as Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and others leading the way
by providing these services. What exactly is cloud computing? According to Turban &
Volonino (2011), cloud computing is Internet– based computing in which shared resources (such as
hard drives for storage) and software apps are provided to computers and other devices on– demand
(p. 48).
The author will explain in this case study how Ericsson benefitted from using Amazon Web Services
(AWS) in terms of cost reduction, automated software updates, remote access, and on–demand
availability. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Security Concerns for Cloud Based services In this burgeoning world of cyber criminals, it is
imperative that companies address cloud computing security with their providers as they entrust
their data to them. One of the biggest concerns with using cloud computing is the threat of a data
breach or data loss. How do businesses combat that threat? According to Modis.com. (n.d),
"Reputable cloud providers will offer security solutions like firewalls, secure login and data
transfer" (p. 7). Though some companies will be worried about the cost of paying for enhanced
security, it is imperative that this issue is incorporated into the cloud computing agreements. By
addressing this issue upfront, the costs can be mitigated to a certain extent. A simple way to provide
another layer of security is to require stronger password protocol of all users. Another security issue
conducting penetration tests (pentest) for evaluating the
security of the cloud computing system. As stated in Gwu.edu. (2010), "We must be able to
conduct a pentest in a cloud computing environment without triggering a response
from the provider or causing loss of service for our company as well and any of the multitenant
customers" (p.6). It is imperative that cloud computing vendors have the pentest as a part of their
tool box to offer perspective clients. According to gwu.edu. (2010), Amazon has published a policy
that includes a procedure for customers to conduct a pentest.

Cloud Computing
What's New About Cloud Computing Security? Yanpei Chen Vern Paxson Randy H. Katz Electrical
Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Technical Report No.
UCB/EECS–2010–5 http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2010/EECS–2010–5.html
January 20, 2010 Copyright © 2010, by the author(s). All rights reserved. Permission to make
digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee
provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies
bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on
servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.0 [Computer–Communication Networks]: General–Security
and Protection General Terms Design, Security, Reliability 1. INTRODUCTION The economic case
for cloud computing has gained widespread acceptance. Cloud computing providers can build large
datacenters at low cost due to their expertise in organizing and provisioning computational
resources. The economies of scale increase revenue for cloud providers and lower costs for cloud
users. The resulting on–demand model of computing allows providers to achieve better resource
utilization through statistical multiplexing, and enables users to avoid the costs of resource over–
provisioning through dynamic scaling [12, 2]. At the same time, security has emerged as arguably
the most significant barrier to faster and more widespread adoption of cloud computing. This view
originates from perspectives as diverse as academia researchers [12], industry decision makers [35],
and gov– 2. DISTRACTED BY DEFINITIONS The lack of a clear and widely accepted definition
has posed a barrier to talking about cloud computing in general. Clearly "cloud computing" is an
evolving term, defined more by usage than by written documents. That said, overly broad use has
lead to criticism that cloud computing "include[s] everything that we already do" [21]. Similarly,
splitting hairs on the precise definitions distracts us

Cloud Computing System For Computing
Cloud Computing Introduction Cloud computing system, which functions based on the concept of
providing computing as a utility, can be defined as the method of providing resources for computing
on demand, using remotely operational servers on the internet for data storage, processing data and
managing data. Its equivalent to using a computer for its services, only without having to carry the
hardware for it. Cloud applications, being dynamically scalable, agile and capable of running virtual
applications and even an OS on a browser help in reducing costs of resource acquisition. A cloud
computing model has the following basic features: > Without involving any human interaction, the
users can access any contracted service/ resource, be it data processing, memory space or
application programs as a service from the provider. > These contracted services/ resources can be
availed by any user anywhere, anytime via the internet. > These computing resources are distributed
in various data centres across the globe which is shared by users from any part of the world. > It
goes by "pay what you use for" policy. The user pays only for the resources they use. Also, a big
advantage is that from a user's perspective, all the resources are unlimited, and flexible for access.
Good QoS (Quality of Service) is guaranteed by the provider. > The cloud services are elastic. So
the user can ask for more services/ resources whenever they require, also terminate, when not
required. > Cloud computers

My Passion In Computing Science
Computing science excites and intrigues me. It is fascinating how the user communicates with the
machine and how the computer processes it. Maths is my other passion which I thoroughly enjoy
studying. It plays major role in computing science. Having researched the degree and discovering
how much maths is involved, it definitely confirmed that computing science is where my future lies
in. While researching the undergraduate degree I came across familiar looking modules that I have
done at high school, some of the many available modules included from computer architecture,
software testing to database systems. During my time at high school I have participated in several
UKMT math challenges which I have won various awards and at one point achieving the best results
in my school.
Studying physics this year has helped me develop my analytical and evaluation skills that are
essential in computing science. In addition to physics, I have taken computing and maths to
advanced higher level as I believe it will support my understanding when I study computing science
at university. Often in my free study periods, I continue to study computing as I want to stay ahead
of my class on the material we get taught and I am practicing on how to code in Python via YouTube
tutorials and PyCharm which is an integrated development environment. Currently in my maths
classes I study key topics such as calculus and linear algebra which are important in understanding
the theory behind computing

Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Group Members Ruth Wanjiru Cliff Kinyua Maritim Leonard Alphonse Kinyua
Tracy Gathoni Abstract. Cloud computing is Internet–based computing, whereby shared
information, resources, and software, are provided to terminals and portable devices on–demand. It
is a rapidly developing and excellent promising technology. Cloud computing is the product of the
combination of grid computing, distributed computing, parallel computing, and ubiquitous
computing. Cloud Computing model has enabled IT organizations to serve the users globally. It
gives the services like Platform as a Service, Software as a Service and Infrastructure as a Service
without users being much aware of the details in which the services are provided. ... Show more
Cloud is not an architecture, a platform, a tool, an infrastructure, a Web site or a vendor. It is a style
of computing. Many architectures can be used to support its implementation and use. For example, it
is possible to use cloud in private enterprises to build private clouds, but there is only one public
cloud based on the Internet." Gartner Research [7] When using ordinary computing, we install
software programs on computer and update the hardware as per our requirements. Documents we
create or save are stored in our computer. Documents are accessible on our own network, but they
can't be accessed by computers outside the network. Cloud computing, the software programs aren't
run from one's personal computer, but are rather stored on servers accessed via the Internet. Cloud
Computing provides resources and capabilities of Information Technology such as SaaS (Software
as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service),HaaS (Hardware as a
Service) to distribute the powerful computing capacity to end–users. However, still there exist many
problems in cloud computing today, the current researchers or practitioners pointing that data
security and privacy risks have become the

Cloud Computing Is Type Of Internet Based Computing Network
INTRODUCTION: Cloud computing is type of internet–based computing network in which many
remote servers are allowed to the centralized data storage, and online access to computer services or
resources. Cloud computing, or in simpler notation "the cloud"; it mainly focuses on the
effectiveness of shared resources. It not only share the multiple resources to multiple users but also
reallocate the resources on demand. It mainly works on allocation of resources. A cloud computer
serves multiple users at a time with different applications. For example, a cloud computer serves
European users during European business hours with an application such as "email" and may also
reallocate the same for North American users during North American hours ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It also makes use of many standards which are given from the SOA domain, and provides easy
access to the cloud services in a standard format. Cloud computing is evolved from Quality Of
Service and reliability problems which also gives us an idea about grid computing. Cloud computing
also provides many tools and technological information to create data applications and also to
compute some applications which are more expensive when compared to some techniques like
parallel computing techniques. GRID COMPUTING: It is a type of parallel and distributing
technology which gives us a cluster of networks and used to perform many large tasks similar to
loosely coupled computers. MAINFRAME COMPUTERS: These are very powerful computers
which are used in large organizations for doing many critical applications and also for large data
processing like financial transactions, industrial and costumer related services, intelligence statistics
and entrepreneurship, resource planning. UTILITY COMPUTING: The package of many computer
resources like computational power, memory storage capacity etc acts as a metered service similar
to public utility services like electricity. PEER –TO–PEER: It is a type of distributing network
where there is no need for any coordination between client and server. In this type of architecture,
customers or the participants acts as both suppliers and consumers of resources. CLOUD
ARCHITECTURE is a type of system architecture

The Cloud Computing
This chapter focuses basically on the theories and some assumptions applied in this thesis. 2.1 Main
Features of a Cloud In practice, the satisfaction of users can be relatively assured with certain
relevant features of the Cloud. These features of the Cloud are essential to enable services that
actually represent the Cloud computing model. These features include: elasticity; scalability;
customization; self–service; and pay–per use. 2.1.1 Elasticity The scarcity of computing resources
can lead to slowdown or delay in processing job requests. In some cases, it leads to the rejection of
job request. However, the emergence of Cloud computing gives the illusion of infinite computing
resources. These resources are made available on demand and can be provisioned rapidly and
automatically in any amount of quantity to process users' job requests. In the Cloud, it is possible to
add up resources for provisioning when there is an increase in application load (Scale up). On the
other hand, when there is a decrease in application load, resources can be released. (Scale down).
This feature of the Cloud that dynamically scales the amount of the resources it provides to clients
as their workloads increase or decrease is called elasticity [41]. In this work, the number of
resources in the private Cloud are considered to be static (not elastic). However, based on the
characteristics of the incoming jobs of users, extra public Cloud compute resources can be rented or
released [1][42].

The Computing : Cloud Computing
1.Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is defined as the different services such as service, storage
and applications are deliver to organization devices and computers through internet. There are
mainly three types of clouds they are private public and hybrid and three services are offered by the
cloud mainly Software as a service in which user rent access to software application functionally
over the internet eg:ltu student mails .,
Platform as a service: in which user develop their own applications in cloud and the provider
managing the OS, Storage ,Hardware and networking. eg., Google app engine .,
Infrastructure as a service in which users runs their own systems include OS on a cloud provider
infrastructure. Eg.,Amazon web service etc.,
By using cloud employees can access devices and files from anywhere in the world at anytime
through internet so that it increases the productivity and increases the efficiency.
In startup companies or growing companies the business increases they have to worry about the
storage if they are using their own data centers they have to buy additional hardware 's ,external hard
drives , and take care of maintenance and software updates so if they turned into cloud they can
upgrade their storage at low prices and everything is taken care by the cloud provider and we can
use less power when compared to running our own data centers and the amount of energy is less and
the employees can try different programs and can select the best software that

Cloud Computing
INDEX PAGE
INTODUCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3
DEFINITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3
COMPANY PROFILE
Profile 4
Vision and Mission 4
INFORMATION SYSTEM IN PNB
PNB IT Setup
* IT Setup 4 * Network Design 4 * Storage 5 * WAN & Connectivity 5 * Security Systems 5 *
Hardware & Software Resources 6
Organizations Other Computing Resource
* Payroll TPS 6 * Online Assistance 7 * Account Opening – MIS 7 * SPNS, RTGS 7 * Mobile Alert
Service 7
Cloud Computing 8
Recommendations 9
References 10
Introduction
Development of Information technology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In certain cases, data is stored permanently. Nearly 164 Sun enterprise class servers are used in DAS
architecture. The total capacity is of several TB's. The Sun hardware uses an in–built storage
management tool. Later look over a storage management application from VERITAS.
( http://www.networkmagazineindia.com/200305/tech4.shtml )
WAN and connectivity

101 branches of the PNB were on a WAN in the year 2000. The bank then expanded the number to
500–odd branches on the WAN in the year 2002, and in coming next 3 years the WAN had around
two thousand branches. The bank worked on many connectivity methods. 802.11b Wireless
connectivity was installed in 5 branches to begin with. PNB then started using the leased lines and
used its network/internet connectivity from Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited and Bharat
Sanchar Nigam Limited. It also used used leased lines form other companies between Mumbai and
Delhi. Reliance Infocomm's fiber optic became the in locations where the optic fiber was unable to
reach. with HCL Com–net carried out all the monitoring operations of the country wide network
twenty four hours all seven days. There is a direct live connectivity between HCL and PNB's IT
head office. a separate monitoring system is used to remotely monitor bank's IT facility.
Security Systems
PNB could afford no compromise and hence security

Developments in the Cambridge Distributed Computing System
In recent years a lot of development resulted which have changed the use of computers and now
many people are using computers in routine life. Computing systems are now used in many ways.
Communications are also done through computers which are giving better results as compared with
ordinary methods through telephones and the like devices. Bandwidth and speed of communications
by using a computer system is improved which is increasing its demand with time.
The Cambridge Distributed Computing System has played an important role in improving the
quality of communications and opened a new way in which computing systems could be used for
getting better results. Research in this area started in around the year of 1975 and till now much ...
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Security in this system is increased which is providing many types of benefits and trust of users is
also increasing. This system is gaining popularity among users due to its fast speed and security.
Until 1977 professionals at The Cambridge Distributed Computing System had installed computing
and made a lot of research for implementation of a new and advanced system in communications.
Mainly this system was made to increase sharing of data with security and great speed. This system
worked well and soon it was released to be used by all people. Until 1982 the work of The
Cambridge Distributed Computing System was spread to many people and many new users were
introduced in this system for sharing data at great speed and economy. The Cambridge Distributed
Computing System made by professionals is still used in the same manner as it was made in whole
and it is able to support users for providing connections and communications facilities by using
computer systems. Professionals are considering many suggestions from users so that the systems
could be updated and made more powerful and useful.
The Cambridge Distributed Computing System is not the work of a single person. Many
professionals have worked together and created this system which is regularly checked and updated
when needed. The Cambridge Distributed Computing System is used by computers and

An Overview Of Cloud Computing
An Overview of Cloud Computing Abstract: The purpose of this briefing report is to provide an
overview of what cloud computing is and how it can apply to a business or organisation. This
document goes over what cloud computing is as well as it's benefits and drawback. The benefits are
in relation to the cost efficiency, accessibility & portability, as well as the security & data protection
that cloud computing provides. The drawbacks are in relation to the potential threats to the cloud,
Privacy and consumer risks as well as the cloud being only accessible when an internet connection
is present. Introduction: Cloud computing is an ever expanding part of the IT industry, it is quickly
being adopted by more ICT businesses due to it's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the large amount of people using this new platform, there are a variety of risks that must be
analysed in regards to privacy and security. These include but are not limited to Information being
stolen, Lost, or tampered with. The benefits as well as the drawbacks of cloud computing will be
further explored within this briefing report. Benefits Cost Efficient With the current shift towards a
more technological state within businesses and organisations, increased costs arise. These costs
often relate to data management, hardware, people, as well as a multitude of other costs. Cloud
computing often alleviates these costs from an organisation or business as these services are
provided through a third party. [3]"It dramatically lowers the cost of entry for smaller firms trying to
benefit from compute–intensive business analytics that were hither to available only to the largest of
corporations"( Avram, 2014, p531). This enables more companies and businesses to meet the rising
standards and information technology practices adopted by bigger and more influential companies.
[3] Cloud computing and it's cost efficiency presents an opportunity for less developed countries to
benefit from the advantages that cloud computing offers without the high costs ( Avram, 2014).
Accessibility and

Computing Machinery And Intelligence By Alan Turing
Defining intelligence is extremely difficult and researchers now think that there are lots of different
aspects to it, including; social, logical, creative, emotional and practical intelligence. The correct
representation of the word is arguably a matter of opinion as there are many different definitions.
With this argument in mind, it makes the task of arguing a Computers level of intelligence (if any)
harder as, ultimately, each person's definition could be different. A part of being intelligent is the
ability for something/someone to be able to think for themselves which most computers aren't able
to do as they are simply programmed to perform certain functions which means that they are not in
control of their response. However modern technologies have the propensity to make decisions
based on an input from an end user. For example Apples 'Siri' service turns voice commands in
visual and audio responses. Alan Turing put this argument forward in his 1950 paper "Computing
Machinery and Intelligence". His opening pages of the paper begin with the words; "I propose to
consider the question, 'Can machines think?" (Alan Turing 1950). My main argument to this is that a
computer does not have the ability to think, primarily because it was created rather than 'born and
raised'. What is a computer? There are thousands of different types of computers that are built for an
extremely vast range of purposes, but overall, what do you class as a computer? Anything with a
CPU?

Fault Systems : Fault Tolerant Computing
FAULT–TOLERANT COMPUTING
"Fault tolerant computing is the art and study of building figuring frameworks that keep on
operating agreeably within the sight of issues". A fault tolerant framework might have the capacity
to endure at least one faults including – i) transient, irregular or perpetual equipment faults, ii)
programming and equipment plan blunders, iii) administrator mistakes, or iv) remotely prompted
upsets or physical harm. A broad technique has been produced in this field in the course of recent
years, and various fault tolerant machines have been created – most managing arbitrary equipment
issues, while a littler number manage programming, outline and administrator deficiencies to
fluctuating degrees. A lot of supporting research has been accounted for.
Adaptation to non–critical failure and trustworthy frameworks explore covers a wide range of
applications are embedded real–time systems, commercial transaction systems, transportation
systems, and military/space systems etc., The supporting exploration incorporates framework
engineering, plan methods, coding hypothesis, testing, approval, confirmation of accuracy,
modeling, software reliability, operating systems, parallel processing, and real–time processing.
The primary forum for presenting research in this field has been the yearly IEEE International
Symposium on Fault–Tolerant Computing (FTCS) and the papers in its Digests give an essential
reference source.
Essential Concepts:
Hardware Fault–Tolerance –

Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is an emerging computing technology that uses the internet and central remote
servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to use
applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access.
This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory,
processing and bandwidth. Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: "applications,"
"platforms," and "infrastructure." Each segment serves a different purpose and offers different
products for businesses and individuals around the world. In June 2009, a study conducted by
VersionOne found that 41% of senior IT professionals actually don 't know what ... Show more
The test bed is beginning at six physical locations, each hosting a cloud computing infrastructure
utilizing HP hardware and Intel processors.[4] Active platforms – The following companies are
some that have developed platforms that allow end users to access applications from centralized
servers using the internet. Next to each company is the name of their platform. Google (GOOG) –
Apps Engine Amazon.com (AMZN) – EC2 Microsoft (MSFT) – Windows Live Terre mark
Worldwide (TMRK) – The Enterprise Cloud Salesforce.com (CRM) – Force.com Net Suite (N) –
Suite flex Rack space Cloud – cloud servers, cloud sites, cloud files Metrisoft – Metrisoft SaaS
Platform SUN Oracle direct link Infrastructure: The final segment in cloud computing, known as the
infrastructure, is very much the backbone of the entire concept. Infrastructure vendors provide the
physical storage space and processing capabilities that allow for the all the services described above.
The products in this segment are slightly more varied than those in the other areas of cloud
computing but include ones such as managed hosting, and development environments (such as
Google gears) that allow users to build applications. Cloud storage, such as Amazon 's S3, is also
considered to be part of the infrastructure segment. Major Infrastructure Vendors – Below are
companies that provide infrastructure services: Google (GOOG) –

The Role Of Computing In The 1800's
Computing in the 1800's: An era of inventions
We live in an era where technology is all around us. We use technology in our daily lives by using
computers, cell phones, cars, etc. The most productive form of technology though is computers and
like most people might think, computers did not emerge in the late 20th century. It was in the 1800's
when the most significant forms of computing were built, and as a result the amazing computers we
have today were pioneered. One of the earliest inventions of the 1800's, was the first electrical
telegraph built by Samuel Soemerring. He was a German physician, anatomist, anthropologist,
paleontologist and most importantly an inventor. He excelled in 5 different fields which prove he
was a true genius capable of multiple things. His mother Johann Thomas Soemmering was a
physicist and that was most likely his main source of motivation. In 1774 he completed his
education in Thorn, Poland and shortly after, he enrolled in University of Gottingen to study
medicine. He then became a professor of anatomy at the Collegium–Carolinum in Kassel, which
was the start of his teaching career. He also thought in University of Mainz in 1784. ... Show more
Soemmering made use of early electricity, which was on a rise at the time, to transmit messages.
Though it had two simple looking stands and a tower with discs inside, it was a very complicated
machine and required the analysis of bubbles that were released to correspond with certain letters.
Soemmering used 35 gold wires submerged in water sending messages around two thousand feet
away that could be read by determining how much gas was being released. Water has a high
electrical conductivity and his contraption was based on that. Although it was a primitive invention,
it influenced advancement in telegraph production and

Cloud Computing Essay
The need for sharing of resources, having an online backup storage system as well as providing an
online efficient environment for businesses gave rise to the discovery of the clouds. Cloud
computing is thus the latest technology in both the technological sector and the business sector. It
refers to Cloud computing for example, provides an online platform upon which individuals and
businesses can store and retrieve their information effectively when connected to the internet. It thus
saves on the costs that could have otherwise been used for the purchase of additional storage
devices. There is no worries of how the online documents will open up because cloud computing
comes with online document reading software such as Google docs. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For the service provider of the application, there are also lowered costs because the provider only
needs to sustain a single application for an organization. Some of the companies that offer this kind
of service include; Zoho, Microsoft, Salesforce and Google. Platform as a Service refers to a kind of
cloud of computing where the service provider only provides a platform or infrastructure upon
which the customer uses to install his or her own applications (Williams, 2012). However in order to
ensure that the platform provides supports a wider range of applications, it allows for the
combination of servers and operating systems. Force.com and Google App Engine are some of the
most popular platforms falling under this category. Lastly, the Infrastructure as a Service is a kind of
cloud computing where the provider gives out basic storage and basic computing capabilities
through a standardized form. It is meant to work on workloads by pooling together networking
equipment, storage systems, servers, Centre space (Williams, 2012). GoGrid, Amazon and 3 Tera are
some of the examples of this platform. Importance of Cloud Computing For Business Cloud
Computing has very many benefits especially for the businesses. First, it leads to reduced
technological costs. This is because unlike purchasing of a system which is expensive, the payment
is only made upon usage and thus making it cheap (Marston et al 2011). Secondly, there are much
reduced

Cloud Computing And The Computing
The Important of Cloud Computing is increasing and it is receiving a growing attention in Scientific
& Industrial Communities. Cloud computing is one of the top 10 most important technologies and
has a greater possibility in successive years by companies and organizations. Cloud computing
implement everywhere, favourable, on demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications and servers) that can be
immediately supply and released with minimal management effort.
Cloud computing emerge as a computational prototype as well as a sharing architecture and its main
intention is to provide secure, quick, convenient data storage and net computing services and
dispatched all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the viewpoint of data security, which has always been an important form of quality of service,
Cloud computing surely poses new challenging security threats for number of reasons. Firstly,
traditional cryptographic primitives for the purpose of data security protection cannot be straight
accepted due to users loss control of data under cloud computing. Therefore, verification of correct
data storage in the cloud must be attended without accurate knowledge of the whole data.
Considering different kind of data for every user stored in the cloud and the requirement of long
term continuous security of their data safety, the problem of checking correctness of data storage in
the cloud becomes even more challenging.[1]
2 Background of Cloud Computing
Professor John McCarthy, who was a computer scientist who instituted timesharing in late 1957 on
modified IBM 704 and IBM 7090 computers, was the developer of Cloud computing. McCarthy
around the 60s affirmed, "Computation may someday be organized as a public utility". McCarthy
relayed on the support of some corporations who would help him to sell some computing resources
through the utility of business model.
Thankfully, some different organizations purchased it for their use of computing resources (storage,
processing, bulk printing, and software packages) available at service bureaus. Companies

Cloud Computing, Computing And Software Resources
Executive Summary Cloud computing is computing and software resources available on demand, as
a service. Computing tasks, Running Applications or storing data can be three broad categories of
activities of cloud computing. There are mainly three types of services; Software–as–a–service,
Platform–as–a–service and Infrastructure–as–a–service. There are four key deployment models,
private, public, hybrid and community cloud. Cloud has few key characteristics like being cost
effective, rapidly elastic, segueing into plethora of opportunities and innovations, resource pooling
and available on–demand along with providing advanced security. Cloud computing has many
advantages like being economical, quite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today, cloud computing is the 5th generation and cloud services are already in widespread use.
Some of the pioneers in this field are Google (Gmail, Google Docs etc.), Microsoft (Azure),
Salesforce, Apple (iCloud) and other Wireless Service providers like T–Mobile and Verizon. What is
"Cloud Computing"? Several years after the emergence of cloud computing, most of people still
confuse with its concept because different research institutes defined the term differently. With the
development of cloud computing, its concept evolves gradually in years. According to the
Wikipedia, the most recent definition of cloud computing is "the delivery of services of the
computing a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are
provided to computers and other devices as a utility over a network (typically the Internet)." Cloud
computing, in one word, was termed as the many different types of virtualized applications and
services that are moved into the "cloud" – a metaphor for the internet. Cloud computing providers
maintain and control physical servers, and data is processed in the "cloud" provider's environment
which also delivers hosted services. For the user, the entire computing infrastructures virtually
reside "in the cloud." In many cases, devices that used to access these services and

Essay On Cloud Computing
Abstract Cloud computing is an emerging technology these days. Cloud computing is the
development of distributed , parallel ,grid computing and virtualization technologies.In this
paper,we actually explore the architecture of cloud computing as well as we explore distributed ,
grid and utility computing. We also address the several popular cloud computing platforms. In this
paper, we aim to point the risks of cloud computing. We identified several challenges from the cloud
computing adoption perspective. However, the biggest concern i.e.security and privacy issues are
the strongest barrier for the users to adapt into cloud computing systems. In this paper, we
investigate several cloud computing platforms and its architecture and risks. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
2.2 Platform as a Service(PaaS) PaaS is a development platform supporting the full "Software
Lifecycle" which allows cloud consumers to develop cloud services and applications (e.g. SaaS)
directly on the PaaS cloud. Hence, SaaS only hosts completed cloud applications whereas PaaS
offers a development platform that hosts both completed and in–progress cloud applications and this
is the only difference between SaaS and PaaS. It provides the Run–time environment for
application,development and deployment tools. 2.3 Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS) Cloud
consumers directly use IT infrastructures (processing, storage, networks and other fundamental
computing resources) provided in the IaaS cloud. IaaS provides access to fundamental resource such
as physical machines,virtual machine and virtual storage. Amazon EC2 is the example of IaaS. 3
Deployment Model It defines the type of access of the cloud. 3.1 Public Cloud– It allows system
and services to be accessible to the general public. 3.2 Private Cloud–It allows system and services
to be accessible within an organisation. 3.3 Community Cloud–It allows system and services to be
accessible to a group of organisation. 3.4 Hybrid Cloud–It is the mixture of public and private cloud
in which the critical activities are performed by private cloud and non–critical activities are
performed by public

Essay On Cloud Computing
SECURITY ISSUES IN CLOUD COMPUTING Introduction: With the latest developments in the
area of could based computing have completely transformed the way of computing and the
resources of computing. In the environment of cloud computing, the various resources are
frequently present in a network of someone else and accessed by the cloud based users remotely.
Processing is completed remotely. The data need to be transmitted from a person to server or the
cloud based infrastructure for processing and the output is returned when required processing
finished. Security is an important aspect of safer computing . In today's world it is easy for
unwanted guests to enter into any private computer by using different types of hacking. There are so
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many users of cloud computing stores their data on the client end as well as in cloud based servers
in cloud based computing environment. In such kind of environment, the process of identification of
cloud users, users management and authentication of the cloud users ,all of these things are very
important and vital in cloud based computing. The process of authentication for a cloud based
infrastructure is shown in the figure 3. Figure–3: Authentication Process in the Cloud Security
Issues : There are many challenges in the area of cloud computing and security is one of them.
Increasing the level of security is required for improving the quality of cloud based services.
Location of data is a important factor in the security of cloud based computing. Transparency of the
data location provides the flexibility for cloud based computing, but this is also a threat related to
security. For cloud users, to maintain their personal data is a major issue related to cloud computing
security. Technical security and policies for cloud users plays a vital role in the cloud security. To
build trust and establish it for customers who want to use cloud services, is another issue related to
the cloud based computing. Security attacks is another issue related

The Computing Innovation And Computational Artifact
Written Responses
2a. Provide information on your computing innovation and computational artifact.
Name the computing innovation that is represented by your computational artifact.
Describe the computing innovation's intended purpose and function.
Describe how your computational artifact illustrates, represents or explains the computing
innovation's intended purpose, its function or its effect. (Approximately 100 words)
The computing innovation that is being represented by my artifact is Email. Email is when you mail
someone a message electronically from your computer to their computer. Before the innovation of
Email, people needed to write a letter and add the address and stamp. Then put the letter into their
mailbox and wait for the postal service to pick it up. Once the postal service picked up the letter and
sorted out where it is going to go, it gets delivered to the recipient 's mailbox and they can then pick
it up and read it. Now, that email has been invented, you can send the letter through email, which is
a lot faster and less time consuming.
2b. Describe your development process, explicitly identifying the computing tools and techniques
you used to create your artifact. Your description must be detailed enough so that a person
unfamiliar with those tools and techniques will understand your process.
(Approximately 100 words) To make the artifact i used Canva, which lets me make graphic designs.
I used a blank custom sized graphic to start. Next, I

% What Is Cloud Computing?. Cloud Computing Relies On Sharing
% What is Cloud Computing? Cloud computing relies on sharing computing resources in a
virtualized world rather than owning that locally to handle applications. Cloud adoption across the
enterprise is a growing reality. Cloud infrastructure is also becoming popular in the scientific
research and academic community because of its ability to provide a large number of computing
resources for performing large–scale experiments. The advent of the Internet of Things (IOT) and
smart mobile computing devices along with secure access to Big Data and immensely improved
big–data analytics capabilities have pushed the computing paradigm into new frontiers. Cloud
computing offers a completely new infrastructure for utilizing compute and storage ... Show more
Despite these advances, the trend towards outsourcing IT infrastructure, entire applications, and
even different delivery models to the cloud leads to a key challenge, which is linked directly to the
increased complexity of IT~cite{Forrester}. % What is Application–as–a–service provisioning? For
instance, the functionality of the involved enterprise applications ' components is combined and
orchestrated into a composite, higher–level architecture and offered as a service to the customer by
the cloud service provider (CSP). Components typically are connected to other components e.g. an
application component runs on an operating system and connects to a database and external
services. These composite applications rely on component–based modular architectures and are
benefited from cloud properties such as high reliability, elasticity, scalability, flexibility, and high
availability~cite{varia,buyya2009cloud}. Application provisioning enables the business users to
access the cloud providers resources as required based on Service Level Agreement (SLA), Quality
of Services (QoS), availability, and cost modelcite{ peiris2011c2tp, ahmed2013multi,
yassa2013multi}. In such scenarios, the different components involved need to be managed,
deployed, configured, their quality of service satisfied, and their communication with other
components

Cloud Computing
Top Threats to Cloud Computing V1.0 Prepared by the Cloud Security Alliance March 2010 Top
Threats to Cloud Computing V1.0 Introduction The permanent and official location for the Cloud
Security Alliance Top Threats research is: http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/topthreats © 2010
Cloud Security Alliance. All rights reserved. You may download, store, display on your computer,
view, print, and link to the Cloud Security Alliance "Top Threats to Cloud Computing" at
http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/topthreats/csathreats.v1.0.pdf subject to the following: (a) the
Guidance may be used solely for your personal, informational, non–commercial use; (b) the
Guidance may not be modified or altered in any way; (c) the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Reaching the point where computing functions as a utility has great potential, promising innovations
we cannot yet imagine. Customers are both excited and nervous at the prospects of Cloud
Computing. They are excited by the opportunities to reduce capital costs. They are excited for a
chance to divest themselves of infrastructure management, and focus on core competencies. Most of
all, they are excited by the agility offered by the on–demand provisioning of computing and the
ability to align information technology with business strategies and needs more readily. However,
customers are also very concerned about the risks of Cloud Computing if not properly secured, and
the loss of direct control over systems for which they are nonetheless accountable. To aid both cloud
customers and cloud providers, CSA developed "Security Guidance for Critical Areas in Cloud
Computing", initially released in April 2009, and revised in December 2009. This guidance has
quickly become the industry standard catalogue of best

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