Paradox Of Coercion

Paradox Of Coercion
The basis for domestic commitment and its paradox again lie behind the systematic functions of coercion and bargaining power. The idea of coercion is
central to many strands of Libertarian thought but in general, the definitions can be grouped into two broad categories: rights–based and rights–prior.
The empirical natural rights approach obviates many classic moral dilemmas. The margin at which any ethical principle becomes inappropriate is a
question only such a process can settle, suggesting that such ethical theories are not axiomatic and cannot be derived from pure reason. If rights are
defined or found to include life, liberty, and property, then coercion is identified with aggression. If reason were to show or institutions prevailed in
which employment were a right, then to threaten termination would be coercion as well. In short, the concept of coercion is exactly as clear cut as the
theory of rights behind it. The concept if coercion itself is something independent of rights and institutions. But an independent definition comes at the
cost of clear line between coercion and not coercion. The unambiguous declaration of the natural... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is admittance of the existence and relevance of both exploitation and coercion, while yet maintaining a distinction between the two. Coercion is
nary and exploitativeness is continuous. Furthermore, exploitation is a superset of coercion where most coercive situations involve a highly unequal
bargain, as force does not need to be threatened unless one party stands to lose value. A situation becomes more exploitative the less value one party
gains from a trade. The line into coercion is where that value becomes negative and where the threat of no association is insufficient to induce
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Coercion by Douglas Rushkoff
Introduction: They Say The first part of the book introduces the idea of "they," the people who seek to influence our lives in some form or fashion,
and it poses questions about our collective cultural behaviors that have become an everyday event. The author introduces himself to us the readers.
He also expresses his reason for writing the book by pointing to the backfire effect his previous books. Because he was a media/advertisement
consultant, he acts as a "double agent" writing down and reporting the coercive practices from everyday people to large corporations. And that is
exactly what he does in the book. He does not reach to conclusions and point at the responsible parties, but instead he strictly reports the facts, although
no... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Why? It creates a sort of scenario that puts the customer into a "fantasy." The customer is forced to obey when he is asked presumptive questions.
To make people quickly sign the contract for the car, Jim tried to seem like an ally to people. He would tell customers that the "big, bad" manager
made a mistake and that they needed to sign quickly before the manager realized he made the "error." Since many of us have caught on to this
extremely traumatizing experience, we all live to loathe it. So GM launched a new brand, Saturn, to make the car buying experience less
regrettable. Rushkoff says that although this might not seem like coercion, but actually we are coerced into buying a car at fixed price just so that
we appear not to get ripped off. The way coercion is really effective is by making it hide so well that the people who sell us things, like the happy,
cheerful youths at GAP, do not themselves know that they are coercing. This can be achieved by having ambiguous goals in acrostic poems spelling
out the company's name. Another way is mind–washing the employees by "training courses." These techniques to hide coercion are so well hidden
that people actually blame themselves if a store earns less than expected profits or if it goes out of business. A company called AMRAP exploited our
social–survivor skills so well that it had to be shut down by the Federal Trade Commission. They used social get–togethers to get people

Two Conceptions of Freedom or Two Appearances of a single...
In his essay "Two Concepts of Liberty," Isaiah Berlin distinguishes between two conceptions of freedom, namely negative and positive
conception of freedom. Basically he defines negative liberty as the absence of coercion. He states: "To coerce a man is to deprive him of
freedom" (121). According to him, coercion is the intention to interfere in the freedom of an individual. Thus, absence of coercion is absence of
deliberate, intentional coercion. For him, negative liberty requires an immune area, away from the obtrusive action of other people. For the
accomplishment of freedom "[s]ome portion of human existence must remain independent of the sphere of social control" (126) However,
achievement of negative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore Berlin, proposes rejection of positive liberty for the preservation of relatively safe negative notion of liberty.
I do believe that, the problem and philosophical decision to choose negative liberty, lies in the obscurity of the two conceptions of liberty in Berlin's
analysis. In fact, the differentiation of these two conceptions is not clear in his analysis and both of them contain the same conception without
incompatibility for leading us to choose one among of them. As he says: "The essence of the notion of liberty, both in the 'positive' and in the 'negative'
senses, is the holding off of something to someone – of others who trespass on my field or asset their authority over me, or of obsessions, fears,
neuroses, irrational forces – intrudes and despots of one kind and another". Negative and positive liberties are not mutually exclusive concepts. The real
differentiating force, for the two them lies in practice, the differentiation that history brought on the concept of liberty. The conception of negative
liberty contains certain notion of positive liberty. The opposite, the notions of negative liberty in positive liberty, having the right to

Terrorism Is Defined As A Means Of Coercion
Terrorism is defined as the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion. It's a problem that the United States and other countries have
dealt with since before 9/11 but more significantly afterwards. On September 11, 2001, there was a series of four attacks by the Islamic terrorist group
known as al–Qaeda. Two planes crashed into the North and South towers of the World Trade Center in New York City and a third crashed into the
Pentagon, which houses the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense in Virginia. There was a fourth plane that was on track to
Washington, D.C. but crashed into field in Pennsylvania. Several lives were lost, a total of 2,977 according to a CNN report. However 9/11 was only
the beginning of terrorist attacks. Although 9/11 happened in the United Sates, terrorist attacks are felt worldwide and happen in countries other than
the U.S. Recently, there have been terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels. In 2015–16 alone there have been 10 known terrorist attacks in places such as
Syria, Nigeria and Iraq, which doesn 't include the minuscule ones that the media doesn 't cover. I will describe the beginnings of terrorism. Second, I
will show the influence of religion on terrorism, particularly Islam. Lastly, describe the effects of terrorism on different parts of the world and its causes.
According to Controversies of the George W. Bush Administration, terrorism in the form that we know it as today can be traced

Examples Of Coercion In Animal Farm
If an authority figure influences the action of a subordinate, is the action voluntary? At what point does that influence become coercion? In Animal
Farm, George Orwell provides a case study which I will use to examine these questions. After becoming leader of Animal Farm, Comrade Napoleon
announces, "that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it
would have his rations reduced by half" (Orwell 73). To judge whether this constitutes coercion and whether the actions of the animals are voluntary, I
must first determine the necessary characteristics of coercion and voluntary action. Ultimately, the features of voluntary action hinge on the
consequences of action versus inaction; if an individual believes that defying an authority ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, once an individual's perception deviates negatively from the baseline (a neutral perception of the consequences of compliance/refusal), he
is longer acting entirely voluntarily. Applying these criteria to the scene from Animal Farm, the actions of the animals are clearly involuntary.
Napoleon has given the animals reasonable cause to believe that he would harm them (reduce their rations) should they not comply with his request.
Furthermore, simply because the animals have the option to refuse the request does not make it voluntary. Just as I have the option to refuse the
request of a mugger for my wallet, simply because one can refuse a request does not mean that those who comply have done so voluntarily. The only
cases in which an individual can comply with an authority's request voluntarily are those in which negative consequences (or the perception of negative
consequences) for refusing do not influence their

Coercion And Force Essay
In this week's module, I learned and will be explaining the elements comprising the working police personality, I will also identify and explain the
variables involved in the use of coercion and force, including deadly force. Finally, I will explain the ethical variables involved in police practices, as
well as the factors involved in the use of discretion. The fundamentals of negotiating the working police personality. "Police officers' treatment of others
is influenced by how officers themselves are treated. Any credible conversation about respect for human rights and ethical conduct needs to begin
inside a police department with candid discussion and a commitment to fair treatment of employees" (O'Donnell, Fostering Ethical and Humane ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Deadly force is a force that a person uses causing, or that a person knows or should know would create a substantial risk of causing, death or
seriously bodily harm or injury." Perhaps the most important kind of discretion that police must exercise relates to the use of force. Although
police officers are legally empowered to use force in certain situations, they may use only the level of force necessary to meet a lawful police
objective" (Walker, Mediating Citizen Complaints). "The enormous public attention to allegations of excessive force has deflected attention from
the most common forms of police behavior that lead to citizen complaints. Rudeness, discourtesy, or a failure to provide adequate service make up
the majority of complaints in every jurisdiction" (Walker, Mediating Citizen Complaints). The excessive use of force leads to deadly force. In my
opinion, I think that if people would just cooperate with police officers instead of resisting arrest or etc. there wouldn't be such use of excessive
force or even deadly force. "In 2010, we saw a large increase in the number of deadly force encounters our officers were involved in. Historically, the
city has had about six officer involved shootings per year. We had 14 in 2010, and the majority of those were fatal." (Police Executive Research
Forum, An Integrated Approach). Chief Ray Schultz from Albuquerque on the deadly force encounters in the

Example Of Coercion By The Provincial Government
In the present–day some of the elements of the state's intervention are similar to that of the period between 1907 and 1914. The government still in
some cases regulates labour in favour of the employers. Although coercion involving militia are very rare, there is a different type of coercion that
exists to this day. York University's strike of 2008 is a prime example of coercion by the government. Tanya Talaga (2009) mentioned that " The
provincial government will force an end this morning to the three–month strike at York University and allow 45,000 students to resume classes Monday
with the expected passage of legislation ordering 3,340 contract professors back to work." (p. 1). The provincial government did not help to resolve the
conflict

Coerced Confessions Essay
What does it take to close a case? Investigators –– engulfed in a slew of incriminating evidence and having secured some extremely reliable witnesses
is a substantial amount to put away a prime suspect. What can insure that a case is closed even more quickly is a confession from the suspect. This
confession usually takes a certain amount of coercion, on the part of the interrogators, to achieve. Coercion is an interrogation technique that uses
intimidation to get suspects to confess to crimes whether or not they are truly guilty of any crime. Some will argue that coercion is a brilliant method
with which to incarcerate criminals with. Others will say that it is much more beneficial to conduct a full investigation instead of relying on a ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps the most advantageous aspect of a confession is the closure it gives to everyone involved in the case, especially the victims and their families.
Having said that, I still believe that conducting a thorough investigation is the best way to ensure that the right person was held accountable for the
crime committed. Investigators should not be dependent on confessions. It would be unjust if an innocent man were incarcerated for a crime he did
not commit and the real culprit was able to walk free.
The repercussions of subjecting a person, especially an innocent one, to certain harmful coercion techniques are serious. Individuals that have been put
through torture techniques are often faced with deep psychological and, not to mention, physical health issues as a result of their experiences. One
notable case that demonstrates the effects of torture on the mind is the case of Omar Khadr. Khadr, who is now 23, was imprisoned at Guantanamo
Bay at the age of fifteen. Khadr is a Canadian citizen who was born in Toronto. Ethnically, he is Egyptian and Palestinian. Born into a family that was
heavily involved in terrorism and fundamentalism, he had seen and taken part in some questionable activities, albeit, oblivious as he lacked a good
moral compass due to his young age and his upbringing. During a four–hour firefight with militants in Afghanistan, American soldiers

Mental Coercion of Women by Men in the Media Essay
Mental Coercion of Women by Men in the Media
For thousands of years the women of this world have been considered the weaker sex. They have been seen as not capable of doing many things. The
media often uses the theme of men overpowering women in their story lines and programmes using poor helpless women victims. The film and
theatre make use of this well. The "lady" has always been the helpless maiden in storylines of old films and is still portrayed today in many with little
more subtlety. Awoman for example is easily used as a person captured at gunpoint where as a man would be the one pointing the gun at her head.
For my images I have chosen still images of women in a position of terror ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This causes his chin to be extended down lower than normal.
Whereas the expression of the woman is the complete opposite, she is scared, terrified and deeply upset. She is fearful of what might happen. Her
hair covers around half of her face, which restricts the amount of expression visible. From what you can see of her face you can tell that her mouth
is closed yet still her lips are forced outwards. The lower one is dropped loose. This causes none of her teeth to show. Her nose is lifted higher than
normal and her eyes are screwed up. The screwing of her eyes has caused a red inflammation of the area surrounding her eyes, this also shows she has
been or is crying.
The gesture of the man shows that he is struggling to hold her yet he is still in control of the situation. One of his arms is wrapped tightly around her
body with the hand holding tightly to her arm. Whilst the other arm is held up, pointing the gun at her head. The first finger on this hand is curled around
the trigger of the gun showing his is able to shoot straight away if it turns against his plans.
His legs show a little more of his feelings about the situation as one of then is spread to the side showing that he is confident enough to be open and
slightly vulnerable, instead of having to protect himself by keeping his body curled up.
On the other hand her

Comparing Kant's Quotes On Freedom And Coercion
Section Two: Legal Right: Freedom and Coercion, Byrd say that freedom to the point that it can co–exist with everyone else's freedom under universal
law is only right that every person is guaranteed in this world. On the other hand, any action that obstructs any rightful use of choice cannot co–exist
with everyone's freedom under universal law. However an action that obstructs a wrongful action is acceptable. Meaning that everyone has freedom
and free choice and that any attempt to restrict someone's freedom or free choice cannot happen under universal law unless the attempt is to stop
someone else from restricting someone's freedom or free choice, which in that case the restriction is right. Byrd goes on to say that the authority to use
coercion... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Byrd restates her thesis that the threat of punishment is meant to deter an individual from committing a crime. In society the threat of punishment is
the coercion used to guard and prevent any unjust interferences with individual freedom. When moving from a state of nature to a civil society one
gives up the ability to coerce another in exchange for guaranteed security. Meaning that in a state of nature one has the right to force coerce from
another as long as it does not obstruct the other's right to freedom, however in civil society one sacrifices that freedom to have guaranteed security. The
civil society provides security through punishment. The society must punish to maintain security and the punishment that it provides must correspond
to the security of future victims. Byrd argues that Kant's theory does not solidify society's right to punish in a retributive way but rather it solidifies
society's right to deter crime. If threatening of punishment is suppose to act as deterrence to persuade an individual from breaking a law, nonetheless it
is not in situations where the individual is negligent because the individual had no intent to cause harm. Kant believes punishment should be equal to
the hindrance of freedom that is represented by the crime. That can be described as retributive for the reason that the punishment is equal to the
hindrance of freedom. Kant also believes that if the punishment is less than

The Effects Of Coercion During Interrogations
The Effects of Coercion During Interrogations
Nicholas Cox
Troy University Abstract
The interrogation process that police use requires planning, preparation, and skill. In this paper, I will break down each element that makes up the
police interrogation process and describe how flawed interrogation tactics can make the interrogation less than completely accurate. "Coercion and
duress are similar in that they both create an environment of intimidation during the interrogation process. Coercion is defined as the use or threat of
use of illegal physical methods to induce a suspect to make an admission or confession. Accordingly, duress is the imposition of restrictions on physical
behavior such as prolonged interrogation, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Because of pressure from peers and family members who might be present on the scene, it is important to remove the suspect from familiar
surroundings, take him or her to a location with a more sterile and less threatening atmosphere" (Lyman, 1993). If an investigator selects an
inappropriate area to conduct the interrogation, the suspect may be pressured into responses or statements that are not true. For example, if a suspect is
questioned in an environment where family is present, they might be inclined to give deceptive responses in order to hide the truth from their family. If
a suspect is questioned in an intimidating environment, they might get pressured into a false confession if they feel that no matter what they say the
investigators already have the evidence required for a conviction.
The CIA report on enhanced interrogation techniques has a perfect example on how the place of the interrogation is used as a factor for achieving the
desired results in an interrogation. The Senate Intelligence Committee released a report on the alleged use of torture and enhanced interrogation
techniques used at various locations to interrogate suspected terrorists. "Conditions at CIA detention sites were poor, and were especially bleak early
in the program. CIA detainees at the COBALT detention facility were kept in complete darkness and constantly shackled in isolated cells with loud
noise or music

Mark Cuban Rise To Power
Mark Cuban is a billionaire who is known as a successful businessman known for his role on the TV show Shark Tank. Mark Cuban has position
power because he owns several businesses. He is most known for owing the NBA team Dallas Mavericks, but he also manages the team, and this
gives him more potential power to influence. Cuban has legitimate power because he is a manager of a sport's team and this gives him formal authority.
He has reward power because he rewards his employees for doing a good job (Lussier & Achua, 2016).
Cuban uses coercive power to manipulate and verbally berate the basketball players and the referees, and he fired the coach of the Mavericks. Cuban
has referent power because he has built a large contact list over the years due to his many investments, inventions and company ownerships. He has
expert power because of his business and innovation knowledge. Cuban has information power because he has access to information and knowledge
not readily available to others. He has connection power as a result of his connections with prominent people he can use as information sources (Lussier
& Achua, 2016). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Job performance alone is not enough to advance a career. Cuban has been able to gain power over the years and use this power to build his large
business empire. When he ventured into the business of sports, he was not successful in using his political skills with the other owners in the NBA
organization. Organizational politics are important in the NBA because Cuban needs to develop alliances with the other team owners. These alliances
can be used to achieve objectives and make decisions about the league (Lussier & Achua,

Prostitution Is A Profession For Victims Of Coercion,...
In 1955 Rosa Parks sat in a white mans seat on a bus and refused to get up when asked too, saying "NO, I will not," to the demands of the white
authoritarian mans society. This attitude is the same attitude that the greater world population needs to have towards the degrading act of selling ones
body for money. 70 out of the 196 countries in the world (Meltzer) that have legalized the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with
someone for payment (Merriam–Webster.com), and before this number can get any larger, someone needs to listen to the thousands of voices that are
saying "no" to prostitution. There are an unimaginably vast number of issues this profession which don't just include the rights of male and female sex
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, sex slaves are victims, and have the right to escape the captivity of prostitution by guaranteeing that nobody else can be forced into the
industry, legal or illegal. At first glance, the idea of selling a male or female body for sex seems to be a horrendous crime, and when one looks closer,
it's undoubtedly evident that prostitution is a horrendous crime. This is not just because of the obvious unethical reasons of producing sexual pleasure
for a indiscriminate John, but also for the question of rape as a side effect of illegal prostitution. The majority of the world would say that rape is far
worse than prostitution due the non consensual factor, but they are wrong. In many situations, prostitution is rape, and considering what sex
workers have to endure in this line of work, it might as well be emotionally rape. Sex workers are only soliciting what seems to be consensual
sexual activity because they have been forced into the profession. Either they have to produce and ends to a means, to provide for themselves or their
families, or they have been forced or coerced against their will by a deceptive and seemingly caring boyfriend or girlfriend who then turns into their
pimp. They are victims of abuses, violent and heartbreaking abuse, as: "90 percent of prostituted women have been physically

Social Coercion Theory Of Research
In Topic 17, we were introduced to "the new theory of history that emerges from social coercion theory" (1). How, when and why humans developed
the capacity to throw so well is the topic of a research published in Nature (2). The study was conducted by Roach, Venkadesan, Rainbow &
Lieberman. It is anything, but difficult to wonder about the physicality required to throw a 90–mile–per–hour fastball, yet when Neil Roach watches
baseball, he perceives something else: evolution. That capacity – to throw an object with incredible speed and precision – is an extraordinarily human
adaptation, one that Roach accepts was significant in our evolutionary past. They noticed that a series of changes to our shoulders and arms permitted
early humans to more effectively hunt by throwing projectiles, helping our ancestors turn out to be carnivores and making it easier for a host of later
adaptations, like increments in brain size and relocation out of Africa. More precisely, when they began the research, there were basically two
questions they wanted to find out. One of them was to explore the reason humans were so remarkably great at throwing, while every ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In summary, late research demonstrates that stone points – the oldest kind of spear point – are around 500,000 years of age. However, individuals have
been killing animals for no less than 2 million years, and eating animals for around 2.6 million years. This implies that for around 1.5 million years,
when people hunted, they fundamentally had nothing more deadly to throw than a pointed wooden stick. On the off chance that they need to kill
something with that, they must have the capacity to throw it hard and precise. Envision how essential it more likely than not been our ancestors to
throw hard and

Essay about Philosophy of Classroom Discipline
Philosophy of Classroom Discipline "Power is exercised only over free subjects, and only insofar as they are free. By this we mean individual or
collective subjects who are faced with a field of possibilities in which several ways of behaving, several reactions and diverse compartments may be
realized." (Foucault) Foucault and Heidegger, modern philosophers, both describe power in these terms, as the facility to manipulate an object without
force. Understanding this point of view is important, not only for state institutions who attempt to exert power over citizens and deviants, but also for
teachers as they try to use disciplinary power to control the events in their classroom. Unfortunately, the majority of status quo disciplinary... Show
The truth is that students are the only ones who can make the decision to behave well or conform to teacher expectations. Recognizing this leads one to
note that instead of forcing a student to behave well, a teacher needs to influence a student in a positive way. The question is what does a teacher do to
positively influence students without exerting coercive control? Gordon points out that the best way to resolve and prevent situations of misbehavior
and deviance in the classroom is to first recognize who owns the problem. In a situation where students are disrupting the class, for example, a teacher
should be sure to use messages to indicate that the problem is affecting the teacher in a negative way, forcing the students to decide if they want to
continue their disruptive activity instead of immediately going on the defensive against what they may think is an over controlling warden.
Additionally, using the no–lose method of conflict resolution allows students to have a positive way out of a bad situation, instead of a forced
punishment with no control over the situation. By allowing the student to have power over the student, the teacher in these instances is able to wield
true power and is more likely to maintain a well behaved and efficient classroom environment. In the same way that teachers should use true power in
confrontational situations, where the teacher has the problem, the teacher should also use true power in situations where

Coercion Or Conversion And Religious Differences At Uic
Coercion or Conversion Interfaith relationships are complicated on a college campus, because so many religious peoples who want to express and
practice their personal religious beliefs. A frequent issue that is often encountered on college campuses is the issue of interfaith cooperation between
student groups. An example of this is when a group of students feel that a certain faith is being pushed upon them or they cannot practice their own
religion in peace. We encounter this issue in our case study "Coercion or Conversion? Grappling with Religious Difference at UIC". Our case study
illustrates the fear of several students. The students fear that if this particular religious group joins their interfaith organization, that they will be
coerced into joining the group's popular religion and abandoning their own religion. However, this case study allows the opinions of each side of the
argument to be explored, so an unbiased observer can articulate a solution which is best for both groups. At the University of Illinois at Chicago, an
issue arose when the evangelical Christian group called Campus Crusade for Christ wanted to join their campus's interfaith organization, the Religious
Workers Association (RWA). However, the RWA has certain sets of rules set forward to protect each religious denomination, which includes their
Convent. Cru agreed to all of the convent except for a certain phrase, which says "We will... not initiate personal religious opportunities designed to

The Quality School : Managing Students Without Coercion
"The Quality School: Managing Students Without Coercion" is a book that should be read by anyone considering going into the field of education.
The book was written by William Glasser, not a teacher but a psychiatrist. In his own words, "the purpose of this book is to explain how to manage
students so that a substantial majority do high–quality schoolwork" (Glasser 1). He uses his knowledge of psychiatry and personal experience of over
thirty years including his work with Johnson CIty Schools. With his experience Glasser was able to use real life examples in his book to show how to
implement his ideas.
The nature of the book is an explanation as how to help teachers evaluate and use his methods to create a quality school. Glasser's book takes place in
the American school system during the 1980s and highlights the problems of schools that are failing their students. Throughout the book he gives
examples of what is being done wrong in the American school system, and what educators can do to fix it. While hitting major points to cover his
purpose he uses scenarios to show administrators and teachers how to take their school and create the quality school.
The way Glasser chose to compose his book was by breaking up the chapters into what elements of a school are important including the teachers and
administrators roles in helping students get more out of school. In the first chapter Glasser explains the issues he observes in public schools, from
students being coerced into

What Is Military Coercion and What Factors Determine Its...
Military coercion strategy has long since existed as a means to enforce a desired set of outcomes, behaviours, or policies. The definition of coercion
covers a lot of theoretical ground, including both compellence and deterrence. The successes and failures of military coercion can be seen through the
mechanisms of, Destruction, Punishment, and Denial that theorists have argued are part of the methods of coercion. The effectiveness of military
coercion may be linked to the credibility, capability and communication of a threat. These factors that determine what military coercion is are
highlighted through historical examples, including the Cuban Missile Crises, nuclear warfare, counterinsurgency and the Kosovo air campaign.
A clear ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, like destruction this process of punishment can be costly as well logistically troubling.
Lastly, denial seeks to change an enemy's will to resist this achieved by reducing their perceived capability for resistance and reducing the enemy's
perceived options to a choice between surrendering now or later. This can be seen through the strategies of counterinsurgency, denial can be seen as a
way of manipulating the costs of expanding insurgent activity to new locations. Russia currently uses the idea of denial when considering an approach
of isolating centres of any insurgent activity from areas of non–violence, so as to avoid any reprisals of insurgency and convince such groups of an
inability to succeed. Needless to say, denial is inherently linked to destruction as both mechanisms seek to make the objectives of any enemy
unachievable in some sense and essentially focus on attacking the military resources and infrastructure so as to coerce them into taking an alternative
approach or to stop all intentions.
Dr K Mueller further argues that coercion stems from the 'three Cs' – Credibility, Capability and Communications . These few factors will assist in
determining whether military coercion is successful or has failed. According to Mueller a threat will only carry 'coercive weight to the degree that the
adversary believes the coercer will actually carry it out if compliance is not forthcoming.' Ultimately, the

What Is A Product Of Unjustified Duress/Coercion?
The second scenario explained about the Tuna Canning Company that hired 21 seamen in Southern Florida to work abroad. They signed an agreement
to get paid $200 each plus extra cents depending on what they catch. The seamen complained about the weak fishnets and wanted to get paid $400,
which the company agreed. When they returned, the company just wanted to pay the original $200. The second agreement in this case is a product of
unjustified duress/coercion. "Coercion is the practice of compelling a person or manipulating them to behave in an involuntary way whether through
action or inaction or by use of threats, intimidation or some other form of pressure or force." (Limon, 2003). The seamen threatened to not do the work
for the Tuna Company

Endorsement Test
(a)By applying a school prayer body of the law, the court will find the school board's conduct violated Mr. Pitstick's First Amendment Rights under the
Coercion Test, the Endorsement Test, and the Lemon test.
(Should I give a quick background of student prayer body of law or can I just jump in)
By applying the Coercion Test, the court will find that the school board did coerce their impressionable students to attend biased board meetings and to
partake in Christian prayer. "The constitution guarantees that government may not coerce anyone to support or participate in religion or its exercise, or
otherwise act in a way which establishes a religion or religious faith." Lee, 505 U.S at 585. The Coercion Test protects school–aged children from ...
Under the Establishment Clause, "The government may not promote or affiliate itself with any religious doctrine or organization and the government
may not discriminate among persons on the basis of their religious beliefs." County of Allegheny v. American Civil Liberties Union Greater Pittsburg
Chapter, 492 U.S 573, 109 S.Ct. 3086, 106. L.Ed.2d 472 (1989). The Endorsement test applies to cases that involve government officials and religious
beliefs at school–sponsored events. Id at 592. This could be seen if officials promote or favor religion. Id. Courts have found that if prayer being
delivered at public school events, organized and supervised by school officials, regardless of the event being outside the classroom and after hours,
the government is endorsing religion. Lee, 505 U.S at 604. Additionally, if the government merely pressures participates to attend a religious
activity, such as an opening prayer, the government is indirectly endorsing religion. Id (Holding that school officials endorsed religion when
students attended "football games" in which opening prayers were given). On the other hand, to avoid favoring religion, public officials must either
embrace any religious faith or embrace none at all. Id at 609. State officials favor religion if these officials recognize one religious belief, but they do
not acknowledge a dissimilar one. County of Allegheny, 492 U.S at 616. (Holding that the government did not endorse religion by recognizing two
different beliefs). Thus, the Endorsement Test is satisfied if either the school board promotes religious activities or if the board's punishment of Mr.
Pitstick is in favor of a religious

Coercion, Intimidation, And Coercion Essay
Coercion is a controversial topic in police interrogations. Traditionally, coercion is defined as "the practice of persuading someone to do something by
using force or threats" ("Coercion", Dictionary.com, Unabridged. Random house, Inc.). However, in the context of interrogation, the line between
"coercion" and "not coercion" is blurred. Coercion is often implemented in police interrogations through different lenses; it can be "traditional" such as
indirectly threatening a suspect or be more subtle, such as wearing a suspect down through loaded questions, repetition, and false promises in order to
extract a confession. Because this line is so unclear and coercion can occur in so many forms coercion, to some extent, has become fundamentally
integrated into interrogation. Yet, just because it has become a staple of integration does not mean coercion is just–– coercion can lead to false
confessions, thus circumventing and rejecting the ideals of justice and fairness that courts and law enforcements should be based upon. However,
subtle coercion tactics can often lead to true confessions, saving time and effort for the justice process. Regardless, it is always necessary to
understand to what degree coercion is used, because an excessive amount of or improperly used coercion is not only morally wrong but also a
hindrance to the justice process. Thus, due to the nature of coercion used for interrogation and since a certain level of coercion is often necessary, tighter

Module Code : Questions On Law, Coercion, And Morality, As...
Student number: 1337596Module code: CL6310 Module title: Jurisprudence (Essay 1) Module leader: Professor John Harrington Essay title:
HLA Hart stated that the goal of his theory was 'an improved analysis of the distinctive structure of a ... legal system and a better understanding of
the resemblances and differences between law, coercion, and morality, as types of social phenomena'. Discuss critically the extent to which Hart
realized this goal. Word count: 2819 HLA Hart (hereafter Hart) in his preface, modestly describes the aim of his book is too elegantly, and clearly
explained further the understanding of law, coercion and morality as different but related social phenomena. The main strand of The Concept of
Law downplayed the elements of coercion, command and habitual obedience in law, replacing the images of power and violence in the
jurisprudential imagination by conceiving of law as a system of rules upon rules, of social practices informed by their own criteria of validity and
normative obligation. In critically analyzing to what extent Hart realized his goal will, I will first discuss his theory which he submitted through his
principle book "The Concept of Law "subject to critiques from different academics. My essay will try to portray short brief of Hart's theory based on
"The Concept of Law". Summary of Hart's theory Hart aims to produce a descriptive theory of law by paying attention to legal–related language and to
the internal attitude

Coercion Rule Essay
Safer roads is a goal that virtually everyone benefits from since we all share the road infrastructure. However this goal of safe roads can be difficult
since there are many circumstances that can put drivers in dangerous situations. However one such law that can help is the coercion rule which will
help fundamentally change how trucking companies operate. Ultimately the coercion rule as adopted by Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
is likewise a needed regulation that will protect motorists.
In order to understand how the coercion rule will benefit drivers, first it is needed to understand what it is. Formally known as the "Prohibiting
Coercion of Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers", the coercion rule adopted by the FMCSA prohibits trucking companies from coercing employees
to operate in violation of safety regulations. Under this rule drivers will be allowed to apply to the FMCSA providing evidence that the company in
some way coerced drivers to violate laws and if the complaint is found legitimate, then companies will face civil penalties of up to $16,000 per incident.
With this understanding in mind, it would be wise to consider how these potential economic sanctions will impact safety. The threat of these... Show
One area that this will help is that it will reduce the potential benefit of practices such as overwork since the fines are high. While historically trucking
companies have viewed overwork as a cost efficient practice since it saves time, however with such laws in place, this practice is not as cost efficient
since the potential amount of fines will more than offset the costs saved. In addition, studies have shown that larger the potential fines regarding driving
the safer the roads. The presumed basis for this is that increasing the price of unsafe driving, leads to less consumption of unsafe driving and thus fewer

Sexual Coercion
In "Lines of Color, Sex, and Service: Sexual Coercion in the Early Republic," by Sharon Block she examines the startling similarities between Harriet
Jacobs, an African–American slave in 1825 and Rachel Davis, an indentured servant during the 1790s. At first glance, it would seem that both girls
would have no similarities, however, by uncovering their stories you can find many parallels between Harriet and Rachel. Both girls are faced with
sexual pressure and sexual coercion from their masters, the power struggle between them, their mistresses attempt at inferring in their relationship, their
eventual removal from their house, and their attempts at sharing the experience with family members and close friends. Block writes, "This contrast
between... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both Harriet and Rachel were young at the time and were vulnerable at to their master's attempts to sexually persuade them. Both stories showed
an apparent power dynamic between the master and the submissive, and Block used the same syntax and diction to display the similarities
between both cases. However, the differences between these two stories are the outcome of the two cases. When Rachel's father found out what
transpired between Rachel and her master he initiated a rape prosecution against William [Rachel's master], and he was sentenced to ten years in
prison. However, Harriet's is left with no escape because she is unable to go to court and testify. Block writes, "In 1835, Harriet became a runaway
slave, and spent the next seven years a fugitive, hiding in her free grandmother's attic crawlspace." Left with no escape, Harriet is forced to extreme
circumstances in order to escape her master's grasp. Block intentionally uses diction and syntax to show several parallels between Harriet's and
Rachel's cases, and the eventual differential, which is race. Block writes, "The parallels in these two stories, however, stopped at the courtroom door,
where a racially based legal system ended the women's comparable negotiation of personal interactions." Since Harriet is African–American and a slave
she is viewed as property and is unable to have the same opportunities as

Probabilistic, Coercion Resistant Electoral System Essay
This paper will discuss probabilistic, coercion–resistant electoral systems and explain the POkerface system while mentioning other related systems
and topics as well. It is a specific example of secure multi–party computing. It uses probabilistic encryption meaning that it employs the use of
randomness that provides increased security. It is additionally zero–knowledge, which entails verifiability without any information leakage. This system
is an application of these subjects of cryptography to an electoral system that promises security while maintaining a simple process. Analyzing recent
electoral systems, this research focuses on the end–to–end verifiability, coercion resistance, and remote voting. This means that voters have proof that
they voted but not their preference, thus disabling them from proving to a coercer what he/she voted for. This is a very relevant field to be researching
with recent presidential elections where tensions and controversy are exceptionally high.
Other systems that already exist and try to tackle the problem of providing a full proof electoral system include:
ThreeBallot – was a system in which three ballots were cast, one of which marked the entity not voted for while the other two marked which entity
was voted for. The receipt would be a copy of one of the ballots which ensured coercion–resistance and verifiability.
Scantegrity – involved using special pens that would reveal certain codes that were originally on the ballot in invisible

Sexual Coercion As A Form Of Sexual Assault
Sexual assault can be defined as "sexual acts that are obtained by force or threat or threat of force or without the victim's consent" (Muehlenhard,
Humphreys, Jozkowski & Peterson, 2016). Rape is a form of sexual assault that is defined by sexual penetration obtained during a sexual assault
(Cantor Fisher, Chibnall, Townsend, Lee, Bruce, & Thomas, 2015; as cited in Muehlenhard, et al., 2016 ). There are differences in the way that
sexual coercion is defined based on the perception of the role of individual choice and adherence to cultural expectations. Spitzberg & Rhea (1999) (as
cited in Karantzas et al., 2016) define sexual coercion as "a continuum of verbal and non–verbal behavior in which an individual is either induced or
forced to engage in sexual activity". Conroy, Krishnakumar, & Leone (2015) define sexual coercion as "the pressure to adhere to sex role obligations
by individuals in an intimate relationship given the social and cultural expectations of their sexual roles". They further divide unwanted sexual activity
into sexual coercion and sexual acquiescence. Sexual acquiescence is defined as "engaging in unwanted sexual activity without protest––not
necessarily a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Threatening to break up a relationship unless someone engages in sexual activity is

Coercive Power And Its Effects On Society
In terms of social sciences and politics, power is the ability to influence or outright control people's behavior. Power may be viewed as evil or
unjust, but the exercise of power is generally accepted as pervasive to humans as social beings. Never the less, power comes in many forms and each
form has its own implications. One of these forms is coercion, and it is usually called 'Coercive Power'. Coercive power termed as the ability to
create fear in people with the possibility of inflicting pain or punishment. People react to this power out of a fear of negative results or repercussions
that may occur if they fail to comply. Coercive power depends on the application, or threat, of physical sanctions as inflicting pain, restriction of ...
A large part of organizational behavior could be explained in terms of coercive power rather than reward power. In a 1959 study, social
psychologists John R. P. French and Bertram Raven developed a schema of sources of power in order to analyze how power plays function, or
fail, in specific relationships. According to them, the concept of power is fundamentally relative, depending on specific understandings developed
into relationships, and recognition of a quality that motivates the influence of the power holder, and carries out his or her intentions via the
affected. It was French and Raven, who argued and established five significant categories of power, in addition to other minor categories. Coercive
power is among the five significant categories, and the duo has noted that coercive power tends to be the most obvious, but at the same time least
effective form of power. This, according to them, is because coercive power builds resentment and resistance from the people who are subjected to
it. As threats, punishments and force are common means of exerting coercive power, relying on this type of power can result in a deficient
leadership style. When viewed in a political context, coercive power is applied, and even tolerable, when applied with the justification of social and
legal norms. It can also be tolerated when the leadership group is viewed as successful.
Coercive methods are

Federal Coercion Case Study
For over 200 years now, the U.S.A has had the federal administration run parallel to the state administration. Even then the relationship between the two
parallel systems of administration has been at times hostile with the states demanding that their sovereignty is respected shunning such things as
Federal mandated funding. Even then, the federal influence over state issues has been substantial with states fighting back every time they become
vulnerable to federal coercion. But then, what tools does the Federal government use to coerce states to comply with its measures? One such tool is the
federal grants that are given to the states. The federal government distributes on estimate $ 530 billion every year of the federal budget which accounts

US Government: Practicing Beliefs or Instrumenting Coercion?
"The Constitution is not an instrument for the government to restrain the people, it is an instrument for the people to restrain the government– lest it
come to dominate the aspects of our lives, [religions, interests, and morals included]" (Patrick Henry). Our forefathers have explicitly demonstrated the
pressing need of the separation of the church and the state in the constitution, but unfortunately this predestined wish fell through. In not only the
United States but in the world as a conglomerate, the increase on a ban of religion within the public school system is becoming more and more evident
and prominent. A few of the major reasons that this issue is becoming so prominent is that the world is shifting from a denominational... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
To counteract the changes that America is experiencing, as the framers of the constitution foresaw, certain laws such as the first amendment are able
to be applied differently in special situations like towards the public school system. Banning religion in public schools is such an important issue,
because the school curriculum is unable to accommodate every child's religious needs or offer the same amount of coverage to each religion
represented in America. If parents feel as though the instruction of religion is such a pivotal aspect that should be in their child's life then perhaps a
private school that is tailormade to teach and interpret religious aspects would be better suitable. The principle of religious neutrality forbids schools to
give religious objectors a substitute that is, from a secular perspective, superior to what other children get. The material instructed in public schools
should enable "the minds of school children to be open to various possibilities [in which allowing] that both creationism and evolution be introduced,
without religious applications" (Phy–Olsen 98). Modifying the school curriculum for any such child or group creates not only isolation but also
negatively emphasizes the differences between students. Students are unable to achieve their full potential with religion in schools, because they will
be lacking the sense of

The book is written by William Glasser, not a teacher but a psychiatrist. In his own words "the purpose of this book is to explain how to manage
students so that a substantial majority do high–quality schoolwork", he uses his knowledge of psychiatry and personal experience of over thirty years
including his work with Johnson CIty Schools. With his experience Glasser was able to use real life examples in his book to show how to implement
his ideals.
The nature of the book is a how to guide in helping teachers evaluate and use his methods to create a quality school. Glasser's book takes place in
American schools during the 1980s and highlights the problems of schools that are failing their students. Throughout the book he gives examples on
what is being done wrong in the American school system, and what educators can do to fix it. His other minor purpose of the book is to show
administrators and teachers how to take their school and create the quality school.
The way Glasser chose to compose his book was by breaking up the chapters into what elements of a school is important including the teachers and
administrators roles in helping students get more out of schooling. The first chapter is Glasser explaining the issues he observes in public schools, from
students being coerced into doing work, students only doing the minimum work to

Freedom From Coercion And The Freedom Of Living A Thriving...
Based on two different definitions of liberty, the state and corporations each have different threats to individuals. There are two ways to define
liberty, the freedom from coercion and the freedom to live a flourishing life. If solely based on the first definition, the state is more coercive than
corporations and has more intrusion on individual liberty. It has rights to grant punishment of imprisonment while a corporation can hardly achieve
that severity. For example, if a person is accused of committing a crime, he or she may be placed in jail and lose the basic liberty, for example, to see
families whenever they want to. In comparison, the worst punishment by a corporation, being fired by the firm, cannot compare with that from the...
These examples illustrate that corporations have the abilities to force individuals, especially those who live in poverty, to work in bad conditions or
with below–average wages. In this way, corporations harm individual freedom to live flourishing lives because they could provide more just treatments
to the employees. To summarize, the state takes away more individual freedom from coercion while corporations take away more freedom to live
flourishing lives. While both harm individual liberty to a certain extent, the state has a stronger moral justification to intervene because it takes away
liberty to increase individual well–being. According to Mill, individuals should have the ability to do what they freely want so long as they do not
harm others (Mill, 945). Although Mill argues for less government intervention, he recognizes the role that the state plays to increase individual
well–being in society (Mill, 970, 971). In other words, a state even though should not exercise its power over a society to govern, it is necessary and
just to do so to prevent harm to others and to protect well–being. The government thus should step in sometimes to regulate and punish illegal
behaviors in order to maintain the order of society. The state, according to Mill, can make decisions in some cases in order to best protect individuals
while allowing informed people to make their own educated decisions with the exception

Multivariate Analysis Of Variance Analysis
Analyses Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used to reports sexual behavior and functioning, psychological functioning and personality
variables, and substance and its relation to the victim. MANOVA was used to compared and divide victimization group into rape, sexual coercion, and
nonvictimization. Finding suggested that rape and sexual coercion victims reported higher levels od sexual concern and distress, as well as sexual
shame and sexual dysfunction comparing to the non–victims group. A similar pattern of sexual behavior shows that both rape and coercion victims
tend to have more partners than non–victims and illustrate higher rates of dysfunctional sexual behavior. The study shows no much different from
sexual variables

Coercion Is Demonstrated Through Physical Force Used With...
Coercion is demonstrated through physical force used with the intent to harm humans. This is a form of power because a person is willing to
harm others in order to get people to do what is asked. Spain allowed Equatorial Guinea to become independent and organized its first election. A
very insecure Macias Nguema won the elections. People spoke out about their opposition against his leadership. Macias jailed them and two were
noted, "both were murdered: one first had his legs broken and was then starved" (20). Also, after "political reshuffles; ten of the dozen cabinet
members in his first government were butchered" (20). Macias would kill people that he felt could take him out of power. Killing people would
show that that he should not be messed with and he had the ability to take a person's life without facing personal consequences. Since he felt like this,
Macias killed thousands of people and caused many people to flee the country. The announcement of a consequence if something does or does not
happen is called a threat. A threat is a useful form of power because it uses the anticipation of something bad happening to a person if they don't do
what is told of them. Throughout the planning of the wonga coup plot mann and his co–conspirators felt that most african governments approved of
what they were doing. It was gathered by Mann's co–conspirator that "the south african authorities had okayed the whole mission... that Thabo Mbeki
was looking forward to meeting the new

Case Analysis : ' The Gift Deed Signed By Nadu Is Valid Or...
This project has been Submitted by Prakash Kumar ID.NO. – 214089 CONTRACT PROJECT 1
MONSOON SEMESTER 2014
VOIDABLE CONTRACTS
Introduction
In this case plaintiff is boy of 18 years who argue that his uncle took his property by using coercion and undue influence. Both parties give their
argument and how these arguments are relevant. Here we conclude difference between coercion and undue influence and how one is applicable and
other is not in the judgment.
Facts
Nadu is 18 year age boy whose uncle wants Nadu's property. For this purpose he threatened Nadu to kill her mother if he do not give his property as
gift deed.
Issues
Does consent given by Nadu is valid?
Does the gift deed signed by Nadu is valid or not?
Does the contract comes under the ambit of coercion end undue influence?
Arguments of Plaintiff
In this case defendant threatened the plaintiff to give his property to defendant as a gift deed and plaintiff signed it. But this contract is not valid
because any contract through coercion is voidable as per the section 15 of Indian Contract Act 1872 . There is a term of duress in English law. Duress
in English law is broader than coercion . All actual or threatening violence to victim 's person has long been recognized to amount to Duress.
The case

The book was written by William Glasser, not a teacher but a psychiatrist. In his own words, "the purpose of this book is to explain how to manage
students so that a substantial majority do high–quality schoolwork" (Glasser 1). He uses his knowledge of psychiatry and personal experience of over
thirty years, including his work with Johnson CIty Schools. With his experience Glasser was able to use real life examples in his book to show how to
implement his ideas.
The purpose of the book is to explain as how to help teachers evaluate and use his methods to create a quality school. Glasser's book takes place in the
American school system during the 1980s and highlights the problems of schools that are failing their students. Throughout the book he gives
examples of what is being done wrong in the American school system, and what educators can do to fix it. While hitting major points to cover his
purpose he uses scenarios to show administrators and teachers how to take their school and create the quality school.
The way Glasser chose to compose his book was by breaking up the chapters into what elements of a school are important including the teachers and
administrators roles in helping students get more out of school. In the first chapter Glasser explains the issues he observes in public schools, from
students being coerced into doing

Gender Norms And Coercion Analysis
Gender norms are rules that live all around us but there is a conflict whether, the relationship between complying with the gender norms and coercion
is that both agree to gender norms. We see gender norms everyday whether we notice them or not, it is a sad thing that lives in society and affects our
everyday lives. Agender norm is a social role encompassing a range of behaviors that are generally considered acceptable based on their sex. We are
born to these gender norms, it is something we are taught since we are little by society and even our own parents. I remember when I was little and I
found myself in the boy aisle one time and I remember being amazed seeing how much different things boys had. All we girls had were babies and dolls

The Community Problem of Gangs and Related Violence
The community problem of gangs and related violence is prevalent all over the United States. Young people join gangs for a variety of reasons. Some
may feel isolated from their general school or social communities and search out the connections and community affiliation offered by gangs. Others are
seduced by the importance attached to generally laudable qualities like loyalty and honor. In a gang setup, however, these are generally proven by
violent or criminal activities. Some young people could also be somewhat seduced by the romantic notion of belonging to a group of people who all
stand for the same thing and would give their lives for the cause and each other. To curb the danger related to gangs and gang violence and to protect
young people from being coerced into gangs, parents, educators, and government officials need to be aware of the various reasons why a young person
would join a gang, the most insidious, violent, and dangerous of which is arguably coercion. Open and honest communication between parents and
their children could be seen as the first important platform from which to fight the continuous threat of gang membership and violence.
According to Carlie (2002), coercion has been used by gangs to recruit members for as long as gangs have existed. Generally, this method is most
often used by large gangs who are active in cities known for their gangs. Motivated by stress factors such as gang conflict or the need to generate
money, coercion is used to create

Paradox Of Coercion

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