#Assessing and Evaluating Learning

1. Assessing and Evaluating Learning
Prepared by
Amol Ubale

2. Assessing and Evaluating Learning
 Outline:
 Introduction
 Definition of assessment and evaluation
 Aim of student evaluation
 Steps in student evaluation
 The basic principles of assessment/ evaluation
 Regulation of learning by the teacher
 Types of evaluation
 Qualities of a test
 Characteristics of measurement instrument
 Advantages and disadvantages of different types of tests

3. Introduction
Assessment and evaluation are essential
components of teaching and learning.
Without an effective evaluation program it is
impossible to know whether students have
learned, whether teaching has been effective,
or how best to address student learning
needs.
Evalution= quantitative +qualitative
+ Teacher opinion

4. Assessing and Evaluating Learning
 Definition of assessment:
Assessment is the process of gathering information
on student learning.
 Definition of evaluation:
Evaluation is the process of analyzing, reflecting
upon, and summarizing assessment information,
and making judgments and/or decisions based on
the information collected.

5. Aim of student evaluation
 Incentive to learn
 Feedback to student
 Modification of learning activities
 Selection of students
 Success or failure
 Feedback to teacher
 Protection of society

6. Types of evaluation
1- Formative evaluations:
 It is an ongoing classroom process
that keeps students and educators
informed of students’ progress
toward program learning
objectives.
 The main purpose of formative
evaluation is to improve
instruction and student learning.

7. 2- Summative evaluations
 It occurs most often at the end of a unit.
 The teacher uses summative evaluation to determine
what has been learned over a period of time, to
summarize student progress, and to report to
students, parents and educators on progress relative
to curriculum objectives.

8. 3- Diagnostic evaluation
 It usually occurs at the beginning of the school year
or before a new unit.
 It identifies students who lack prerequisite
knowledge, understanding or skills.
 Diagnostic testing also identifies student interests.
 Diagnostic evaluation provides information essential
to teachers in designing appropriate programs for all
students.

9. Trial In Evaluation
 Educational Objective.
 Educational
Experience
Tools of
Evaluation

11. Tools for Evaluation
 Observation Tool
 Records Tool
 Check List Tool
 Rating scale Tool
 Examination Tool

12. Observation Tools
 From the observation the geography teacher can
easily come about the student . She can understand
from it the weak points and can give proper guidance
to the student.
 Through this tool she can tell the following thing
about the students.
 His curiosity.
 His interest .
 He is improving or not.
 He is working co-operatively.

13. Advantages
 Evaluation can be made easily.
 The natural learning of the student is
understood.
 Evaluate skill, mentally, and interest.
 We can gathered the information on daily
bases.
 We can conclude through the records

14. Disadvantages
 It is not possible every time.
 If student comes to know about this
evalution , then his behavior can become
unnatural.

15. Records tool
 In record system the teacher should have such a
vision . It is quite essential record of student
behavior at the various place such as
 Geography class
 Outside the class
 Visiting time
 During the trip
 Project
 After collecting information she should analysis the
record.

16. Advantages
 It is useful for comprehensive evaluation.
 These notes are useful when there difference
in a person thoughts and action.
 Incidental notes are important to observe
the likes and dislikes of the students.
 Gathered information about the student
behaviour.

17. Disadvantages
 Time-consuming.
 More possibility of subjectivity.
 It is not possible every time with every teacher.

18. Check List
 The list of verification to know how much
development of behaviour of the qualities and skill
possessed by students is done is called as ‘checklist’.
Units to be
observed
Ajit Kiran Atharv
a
Rani
Show major direction
On map
/ - / -
Explain the index / - / -
Tell the latitudinal
spread
/ / - /
Tells longitudinal
spread
/ / / /
Tells the boundaries / / - -

19. Advantages
 At every time is possible.
 Student can evaluate themselves. Each thing can
observe by teacher.
 Excellent student can be selected by this method.

20. Disadvantages
 Exact proportion of the aquisition of skill is not
understood.
 Individuality may occur in the observation.
 We cannot be sure the level of two student who have
the same skill.

21. Rating scale Tool
 It is used for examining student interest, tedency ,
and the skill.
 There are two type of rating scale
 Graphic rating scale
 Descriptive rating scale

22. Graphic Rating scale
 It is used when student participate in the discussion
through that a scale regarding it and than correct
sign put according to his participation.
 Never , occasionally , sometimes , many times ,
always .

23. Descriptive Rating scale
 To ascertain the fixed place of the student instead of
using ambiguous words such as always , some times
,rarely etc.
 Does not participate only listens
 Participates only when told deliberately
 Participates as like other
 Participates many times
 Participates more than others

24. Principles of Evaluation
Evaluation should be
1. Based on clearly stated objectives
2. Comprehensive
3. Cooperative
4. Used Judiciously
5. Continuous and integral part of the teaching –
learning process

25. Qualities of a test
 Directly related to educational objectives
 Realistic& practical
 Concerned with important & useful matters
 Comprehensive but brief
 Precise& clear

26. Advantages and disadvantages of different
types of tests
1- Oral examinations:
Advantages
1. Provide direct personal contact with candidates.
2. Provide opportunity to take mitigating circumstances into
account.
3. Provide flexibility in moving from candidate's strong points to
weak areas.
4. Require the candidate to formulate his own replies without cues.
5. Provide opportunity to question the candidate about how he
arrived at an answer.
6. Provide opportunity for simultaneous assessment by two
examiners.

27. 1- Oral examinations
Disadvantages
1. Lack standardization.
2. Lack objectivity and reproducibility of results.
3. Permit favoritism and possible abuse of the personal
contact.
4. Suffer from undue influence of irrelevant factors.
5. Suffer from shortage of trained examiners to
administer the examination.
6. Are excessively costly in terms of professional time
in relation to the limited value of the information it
yields.

28. 2- Practical examinations
Advantages
1. Provide opportunity to test in realistic setting skills
involving all the senses while the examiner observes and
checks performance.
2. Provide opportunity to confront the candidate with
problems he has not met before both in the laboratory and
at the bedside, to test his investigative ability as opposed to
his ability to apply ready-made "recipes".
3. Provide opportunity to observe and test attitudes and
responsiveness to a complex situation (videotape
recording).
4. Provide opportunity to test the ability to communicate
under Pressure, to discriminate between important and
trivial issues, to arrange the data in a final form.

29. 2- Practical examinations
Disadvantages
 1. Lack standardized conditions in laboratory
experiments using animals, in surveys in the
community or in bedside examinations with patients of
varying degrees of cooperativeness.
 2. Lack objectivity and suffer from intrusion or
irrelevant factors.
 3. Are of limited feasibility for large groups.
 4. Entail difficulties in arranging for examiners to
observe candidates demonstrating the skills to be
tested.

30. 3- Essay examinations
Advantages
1. Provide candidate with opportunity to demonstrate
his knowledge and his ability to organize ideas and
express them effectively
Disadvantages
1. Limit severely the area of the student's total work
that can be sampled.
2. Lack objectivity.
3. Provide little useful feedback.
4. Take a long time to score

31. 4- Multiple-choice questions
Advantages
1. Ensure objectivity, reliability and validity; preparation of
questions with colleagues provides constructive criticism.
2. Increase significantly the range and variety of facts that
can be sampled in a given time.
3. Provide precise and unambiguous measurement of the
higher intellectual processes.
4. Provide detailed feedback for both student and teachers.
5. Are easy and rapid to score.

32. 4- Multiple-choice questions
Disadvantages
1. Take a long time to construct in order to avoid
arbitrary and ambiguous questions.
2. Also require careful preparation to avoid
preponderance of questions testing only recall.
3. Provide cues that do not exist in practice.
4. Are "costly" where number of students is small.

33. Thank you