The document discusses biomass as a source of fuel. Biomass refers to plant and animal material that can be used as fuel. It burns cleanly and is a renewable resource powered by sunlight that can be replenished relatively quickly by nature. Biomass can be converted to fuels like ethanol, methanol, and biogas through various processes like fermentation and bacterial breakdown. However, biomass also has limitations like lack of sufficient land and high production costs. The document suggests supplementing other fuel sources by burning agricultural waste and producing fuels like ethanol, methanol, and biogas where possible.

2. DISCUSSANT

4. OBJECTIVES:
• To

5. 15.13
BIOMASS:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
FOR FUEL

7. BIO
- Any plant and animal material, especially
agricultural waste products, used as a source
of fuel.
- the fuel energy that
can be derived
directly or indirectly
from biological
sources.
refers
MASS
to…

8. It burns cleanly; the emissions
are just water vapor and carbon
dioxide.
It is a renewable resource
whose production is powered by
the sun.
It can be replenished by nature
relatively quickly.

9. ?

10. • Starches and sugars
from plants can be
fermented to form
ethanol. Wood can be
distilled in the absence
of air to produce
methanol.
• Bacterial breakdown of
plant material
produces methane.

11. • Vegetable oils or
animal fats can be
converted to a fuel
called BIODIESEL.

12. × There is a shortage of land.
× The production is pricy.
× The land is far from where the
energy is needed.
× The overall efficiency of biomass
use is only about 3% at best; less
than that of solar cells.

13. ALTERNATIVE
WAYS• We can supplement our other
sources by burning agricultural
wastes, fermenting some to
ethanol, producing methanol
from wood where wood is
plentiful, and fermenting
human and animal wastes to
produce methane.

16. BIO
• fuel made from
biological materials:
a renewable fuel
that is derived from
biological matter,
e.g. biodiesel,
biogas, and
methane.
refers
fuel
to…
Biodiesel from
Rapeseed Oil

17. ETHANOL
BIODIESEL

18. • To produce ethanol,
carbohydrates in
biomass are turned
into sugars, which are
then fermented.
• The alcohol produced
can be burned as a fuel
directly or added to
gasoline to make
gasohol.
• Biodiesel is typically made
from plant oils combined
with alcohol to form esters.
• The esters can be burned as
a fuel. In addition to
vegetable oils from
soybeans, rapeseed, or
palm oil, biodiesel can also
be made from used cooking
oil, animal fats, or oils
produced by certain types
of microalgae.