Biomass energy presentation focuses main types of biomass energy resources and types of bio-fuels.

1. Presented by:
Hamdy Shaban Hamdy

3. Outlines:
• Energy demand…….
• Biomass energy……..
• Biofuels…….
• Bio-ethanol…….

6. 1-Energy Demand1-Energy Demand
• Today, more and more countries are prospering through
economic reforms and becoming industrially advanced.
• Every sector of the economy, including the agriculture,
industry, transport, commercial and domestic sectors require
energy.

8. Non-renewable Resources

9. Renewable Resources

11. 2-Biomass Energy

12. • All organic materials that derive from plants, trees, crops,
and algae.
• Biomass is the name given to all the Earth’s living matter.
• Biomass is the name given to the plant matter that is created
by photosynthesis.
What is biomass?

13. There are three main types of biomass materials from which
bioenergy feedstocks are derived:
Feedstock Materials
 Lipids
• Oils & fats
• Waxes
• Fatty acids

14. Sugars & starches

15. cellulose

16. 3-BIO-FUELs

17. What Is Biofuel?
• biofuel refers to liquid or gaseous fuels for the transport sector
that are produced from biomass resources.
• There are two global biomass liquid transportation fuels that
might replace gasoline and diesel engine.

18. Why biofuels?
Therefore, there are many reasons why we are
interested in biofuels:
• Renewable and sustainable resource
• To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels
• To lower emissions of greenhouse gases
• To bring business to rural economics

20. Classification of Biofuels
They can be divided into three categories:
 First generation Biofuel
Made from sugar, starch, animal fats and vegetable oil.
 Second generation Biofuel
Made from non-edible plant materials.
 Third generation Biofuel
Made from algae and microbes.

22. Common examlpes of Biofuels
Bio-diesel
Bio-ethanol
Bio-gas
Bio-hydrogen

23. 4- Bio-
ethanol

24. • Bioethanol is the most widely used liquid biofuel.
 Colorless and clear liquid
 Used to substitute gasoline for road transport vehicles
 Much more environmentally friendly

25. Sugary materials
Molasses
Sugar cane
Sugar beet
Starchy materials
rice
potato
wheat
corn
Cellulosic materials
Wood
Paper waste
Agricultural waste
Bioethanol Production
Bioethanol can be produced from a variety of feedstocks
such as:

27. Alcohol Fermentation

28. Alcoholic fermentation
is a biological process in which sugars such as glucose,
fructose, and sucrose are converted to produce ethanol and
carbon dioxide.
it is done by yeast and some kinds of bacteria. These
microorganisms convert sugars in ethyl alcohol and carbon
dioxide.

29. 1-enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose
2-fermentation of simple sugars
3-distillation and dehydration to yield anhydrous bioethanol
Chemical reaction consists of:

30. First, invertase enzyme in the yeast catalyzes the hydrolysis of
sucrose to convert it into glucose and fructose.

31. Second, zymase, another enzyme also present in yeast, converts
the glucose and the fructose into ethanol.

32. Uses of bioethanol
• Fuels
• Solvents
• Alcoholic beverages
• Antifreeze
• Antiseptics

33. Blending
Blending of ethanol with a small proportion of a volatile fuel
such as gasoline.
E85G (85% ethanol, 15% gasoline).

34. Advantages and disadvantages of
bioethanol

35. Advantages
• Exhaust gases of ethanol are much cleaner
it burns more cleanly as a result of more complete combustion.
• Greenhouse gases are reduced
ethanol-blended fuels such as E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline)
reduce GHGs.
• Renewable energy resource

36. it only has to contain sugar and starch.
• Any plant can be use for production of bioethanol
the CO2 released in the bioethanol production process is the same
amount as the one the crops previously absorbed during
photosynthesis.
• Carbon neutral

37. Disadvantages
A large amount of arable land is required to grow crops, natural
habitats would be destroyed.
• Biodiversity
• Transportation
ethanol is hygroscopic, it absorbs water from the air and thus
has high corrosion aggressiveness.

38. • Food vs. Fuel debate