2. INTRODUCTION OF MOTIVATION
Motivation refers to the process by which a
person’s Effort are energized directed and
sustained toward attaining a goal
In which include three key elements
a) Energy
b) Direction
c) persistence
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4. 4
SELF CONCEPT
Self-concept is an individual’s perception of self and is
what helps make each individual unique.
Positive and negative self-assessments in the physical,
emotional, intellectual, and functional dimensions
change over time.
Self-concept affects the ability to function and greatly
influences health status.
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PERSONALITY
Personality is the sum total of the physicl mental
emotional and social characterstics of a person. It is
the intigrating process by which all the physiological
and psychologicalComponent of a man are combined in
to the whole.
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HUMAN BEHAVIOR
initially it is important to know that all human
behavior as a cause. there is a reason for a persons
behaving as she does. A stimulus is present to initiate
behavior on the part of the individual.
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MOTIVATION
willingness to expend energy to achieve
a goal or a reward
NEED
Respect from others BEHAVIOR
Outstanding work on
the job
REWARD
Pay Increas
Status Symbol
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CLASSIFICATION OF NEED
To understand the human needs it is useful to classify
them as two type
PRIMARY NEED
Physiological need
SECONDARY NEED
Social need
Egoistic need
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Classification of Human Needs
Primary need Secondary need
Physiological
social Egoistic
Food
Water
Shelter
Air
Temperature control
Preservation of self
Belongingness
Respect of others
Security
and Safety
Love Affection
to be wanted
Self Respect
Self expression
self
accomplishmant
Independence
OR
Freedom
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DEFENCE MECHANISAM
We speak of various form of behavior that people may
adopt in the face of frustration as a defence
mechanisam.
Categories of defence mechanisms
Aggression
Withdrawal
Fixation
Compromise
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MOTIVATION THEORIES
Maslow Hierarchy Of Need
Motivation Hygiene Theory
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Achievement motivation
Behavior modification
Expectancy model
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MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEED
Maslow classifies needs in to five
categories
Physiological need
All physical requirements a person's need food drink shelter
Safety need
A person's need of security and protection from physical and emotional
harm
Social need
A person's for affection belongingness acceptance & friendship
Esteem need
Two type of need
intenal: Self respect autonomy and achievement
external: Status recognition and attention
Self actualization need
Give charity to poor people for knowing after death
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MOTIVATION HYGIENE THEORY
INCLUDE TWO FACTORS
JOB SATISFACTION(MOTIVATORS)
JOB DISSATISFACTIN(HYGIENE)
MOTIVATORS
• Achievement
• Recoginition
• Work itself
• Responsibility
• Advancement
HYGIENE
• Company policy
&
Administration
• Supervision
• salary
• interpersonal relatios
• Working ccondition
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INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC
MOTIVATION
INTRINSIC
Which occurs while a
personis performing an
activity in which he gain
satisfaction from
engaging that activity
itself. It is called internal
reward and it is the part
of the job
EXTRINSIC
The rewards that a
person can enjoy after
finishing work
This is related to the job
envoirenment or an
external reward
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ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
Achievement orientation
If a man spends his time thinking about doing things
better about building, creating, and doing.
Affiliation orientation
If one spend his time thinking about his family and
friends.
17. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION CAN
BE APPLIED TO SUCH ACTIVITIES
AS
employee training
job design
wage payment
supervision of workers
control of quantity and quality of output
attendance control
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EXPECTANCY MODEL
three concepts to understand the expectancy model
Valence
Expectancy
Instrumentality
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APPLYING MOTIVATION CONCEPTS
Power and force
Money as a motivator
Competition
Job Design and work flow
Integration Of goal
Participation
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MONEY AS A MOTIVATOR
Money should be looked upon as one instrument
among many for managing motivation. To motivate
the employee to give up a bonuses and money
incentive.
on the other hand some are motivated by the love of
accomplishment interest in work and by success itself.
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COMPETITION
Competition as a form of motivation is
widely used in our society.
For Examples
Competition in games for win
Competition in business for increasing sale to compete
the salesmenn against one another for various award
and prices
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PARTICIPATION
Participation means the physical and mental
involvement of people in an activity. specifically
in the field of personnel management the term
has come to mean the involvement of employees
in decision making.
Such areas as
production methods
material handling
cost reduction
safety and working condition