Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Electoral System

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Electoral System
be noted that elections have been characterised by violence during and after the elections, and also despite the conduct of elections, Zimbabwean
political culture is that of a one party which has been able to win all the elections since post– independence. Also, from the literature above, there seem
to be lack of consideration on the aftermath of democratic elections in terms of electoral violence. There is much emphasis on regular conduct of
elections as a determinant to democratic governance, but there seems to be ignorance on the mechanisms to sustain democratic governance. Elections
do not indicate a perception of elections as a tool for political empowerment of the poor but rather indicate perception of an opportunity to trade votes
for material profit or favour.
4.0 Forms of Elections
There are many electoral systems throughout the world and there is little consensus as to which is the best with regard to representation, broader
participation, democratic governance, stability and legitimacy. An electoral system, or simply a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It promotes effective and stable government. It also reduces the influence of political parties based on racial and ethnic cleavages, unless they are
geographically concentrated.It is simple to understand, cheap and fairly quick to count the votes and work out whom has won; meaning results can
be declared relatively quickly after the polls close (Cameroon, 2011). Plurality system encourages local accountability. It increases the possibility of
producing a clear winner, and is easily understandable; and it permits major changes of policy according to the electorate's wishes (Amtaika,
2013:103). Also, in a political environment, it enables voters to clearly express a view on which party they think should form the next government
without fear (Dorey, 2008). It is ideally suited to a two– party system and usually produces single party governments like in the case of
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Boobs
Electoral process for candidates
To be a candidate for the uk
You have to be a British citizen
a citizen of the Republic of Ireland
a citizen of a commonwealth country who does not require leave to enter or remain in the UK, or has indefinite leave to remain in the UK
You cannot be
a member of the armed forces
Electoral process for parliament
First–past–the–post is used to elect MPs to the House of Commons and for local elections in England and Wales. the UK or local authority is divided
into numerous voting areas i.e. constituencies . At a general or local election, voters put a cross (X) next to the candidate they like.
Ballot papers are then counted and the candidate that has received the most votes is elected ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
STV is also used for electing the Northern Ireland Assembly, local elections in Scotland and Northern Ireland and European Parliament elections in
Northern Ireland.
Multi–member constituencies are required for STV which means constituencies are normally larger but elect several representatives rather than just one.
Under STV, voters rank candidates in order by marking who they prefer 1, 2, 3 and so on next to the names of candidates on a ballot paper. A voter can
rank as many or as few candidates as they like or just vote for one candidate.
Each candidate needs a minimum number of votes to be elected. This number is calculated according to the number of seats and votes cast and is
called a quota. The first preference votes for each candidate are added up and any candidate who has achieved this quota is elected.
If a candidate has more votes than are needed to fill the quota, that candidate's surplus votes are transferred to the remaining candidates. Votes that
would have gone to the winner instead go to the second listed on those ballot papers.
If candidates do not meet the required level , the candidate with the lowest rating votes is eliminated and the second preference votes are carried to
other candidates. These processes are repeated until all the seats are

Electoral System : A Primer For Decision Makers
This paper will be closely examining the 2003 paper "Electoral Systems: A Primer for Decision Makers" by Donald Horowitz, listing what he
believes to be the goals of electoral systems and the conundrum of policy makers to choose the best system for the goals they wish to achieve. It
will list out the 6 primary goals of different systems of the pros and cons of these goals when dealing with policy making and passing. What Is the
true purpose of an electoral system? To be able to pick an electoral system the first assumption to be made is that "No electoral system simply
reflects voter preferences or the existing pattern of cleavages in a society or the prevailing political party configuration" (Horowitz, 2003). This
paper examines the purpose of different electoral systems. The best electoral systems are not ones that are straightforward and best show voter's
preferences. Every system has biases built into them that would make people perhaps vote differently under a different system, it is impossible to
do otherwise when truly creating a system that has to combine a vast number of many different preferences into a single electoral result. The choice
of one bias, or really choosing one goal of an electoral system over another, is a policy choice on the behalf of the chooser. Professor Gary Cox
presents that electoral systems are either centripetal or centrifugal. "A centripetal incentives lead political parties (or candidates) to advocate centrist
policies; centrifugal

Electoral Reform In Canada Essay
Canada is a young country which follows the British constitution since 1982. When Canada was created, it was a self–governing British colony, and
the British north America act, 1867, codified many constitutional rules for Canada, but the major changes to the Constitution could only be made by
the UK Parliament. Since then, Canada is following its elections under the system called FPTP (first past the post) and still elect under the same
system. Since the 1990's, electoral reform has been increasingly associated with calls for an end to the federal and provincial governments' use of the
first past the post (FPTP) voting system in favor of one that is proportionally representative of Canadians political preferences. (Yarhi.E, 2015).
Electoral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since its establishment in 1867, senators have been appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister. Several politicians and
commentators have criticized the institution on the basis that it is undemocratic. Polls also suggest that most Canadians support some form of
Senate change, be it abolition or reform. According to a poll released in April 2015, 41 per cent of Canadians believe the Senate should be abolished,
while another 45 per cent believe it should be reformed. (Block.N, 2015). Several changes have been recommended to the system on how the senate
works. One of them being that the senators should be elected and not appointed. Some other suggestion was that senators should not be appointed by
anyone from the prime minister's office but by officials outside. Not just the senate but even in the house of commons, the current system fails, as the
338 seats are filled by the majority government and the opposition party, but all the others small parties are left out and do not have any say in the
house of

Uk Election Process
Publicity and Electioneering Activities
It is important that a candidate becomes well known in the area they are hoping to represent and to this end they will often undertake a great deal of
publicity work, such as leafleting houses, displaying posters, and canvassing door–to–door for votes. Publicity costs money and so the more wealthy
parties will have an advantage. In addition, during a general election you will often see party political broadcasts for the main parties outlining their
policies. This is because they can afford publicity campaigns that include film–making.
Voting Processes Used
As technology has evolved there have become more ways to cast a vote than ever before. Most people are familiar with the traditional way of ... Show
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These can then lead to bigger elections down the line. An election period can last for anything from 1 year up to 5 years. A mayor will serve for 1 year;
a local councillor will serve for up to 4 years and an MP will serve for up to 5 years. The Prime minister will serve up to 5 years and can call an election
whenever they want in this time period, they will usually call for an election after a successful or something that will make them be favoured by the
public to increase their chance of being re–elected.
The Influence of the Party System on Elections
Political parties have a tremendous amount of influence on the election process. Firstly and most importantly, the political party in power is the one
who chooses when to have a general election. This means they can call a general election at any time within the five–year period that suits them and
makes it more likely for them to win. The party in power is likely to have the funds to support their candidates and the resources for publicity to help
them win the seat. This puts smaller parties and independent candidates at a distinct disadvantage.
The Influence of the Party System on Elections
Political parties have a tremendous amount of influence on the election process. Firstly and most importantly, the political party in power is the one
who chooses when to have a general election. This means they can call a general election at any time within the five–year period that suits

Comparing Democracies And Future Of A Nation
Conceivably the most significant feature of a democracy is the electoral system, which defines the history and future of a nation. In the scholarly article
"Comparing Democracies: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting", Lawrence Leduc, Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the
University of Toronto, writes, "the electoral system... defines how votes are cast and seats allocated". Consequently, the electoral system determines
which candidate emerges victorious from an election. However, these electoral systems are not simple. Electoral systems can be qualified as
majoritarian, proportional, or mixed; however, the systems of different countries all differ; especially in complexity and degree of representation. A
webpage published by Georgetown University created by Charles King states, "There are many different types of electoral systems in use around the
world, and even within individual countries, different electoral systems may be found in different regions and at different levels of government". The
astounding amount of different electoral systems within singular nations displays how challenging it is to choose the system best suited for a particular
nation and its people. Differing electoral systems can even potentially modify the outcome of elections. Leduc states, "Applying two different formulas
to the same distribution of votes will produce quite different outcomes in terms of members elected for each party". The fact that an electoral system can

The About Electoral System : Australia Uses Alternative...
2.1 About Electoral System
Australia uses Alternative Voting (AV), AV is where voters are asked to rank their preference for the candidates from 1, 2, 3 etc. If a candidate
receives a majority than the candidate wins, but if the candidate did not get the majority than the candidate with the lowest average preference is
dropped than those votes are redistributed to the next candidate with the next highest preference. This keeps on going until there is a majority. Republic
of Ireland uses AVvoting in their presidential voting, similarly British tried to switch to AV in 2011 instead of First
–Past–The–Post (FPTP) by holding
a referendum but AV lost. In U.S. history AV could have been helpful in the 1912 presidentialelections when the Bull ... Show more content on
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This explains France's TRS electoral system trims down candidates to get a winner. List Proportional Representation is use in Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
Turkey are also the most common electoral system in PR electoral family. Voters cast their ballot for one of the parties than seats are allocated to the
party list in proportion to the number that are collected. There are slight variations in List Proportional Representation. Duverger's second law is about
the double–ballot and PR tend to be multipartism (Norris: 2004). Japan and Republic of Korea uses parallel electoral system; the system is divided
between List PR and Plurality elections to elect candidates. Parallel system is divided for Japan for 300 in plurality and 200 in list PR, only difference
is Korea uses list PR in a smaller way in Parallel system. Germany, Hungary, and Mexico uses Mixed–Member Proportional Representation (MMPR)
that is divided plurality in single–member and List PR. The voters have two votes one for a district candidate and the other vote for party list. The
overall results depends on how many List PR seats to compensate for disproportionality. Turnout is

Canadian Electoral System Essay
During elections, whether provincial or federal in the case of Canada, voter turnout is important. The amount of people that cast their votes during
elections is later recounted and compared to the previous years. When comparing the Canadian electoral system, Studler states that voter turnout in
provincial elections is much higher than the voter turnout in federal elections. Many of the Canadian provinces proved this statement to be true after
statistics from 1949–1999 were recounted. Nonetheless, some provinces among which Manitoba figured proved to oppose the statement. In those
provinces , voter turnout during federal elections was much higher than the voter turnout during provincial elections. Despite provincial voter turnout
being lower ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the current system, it is easy for the people to hold parties accountable. Furthermore, Canadians have always known and only been subjected to
the current system which could explain why most Canadians would not be for the electoral reform. The Single Transferable Vote electoral system
would be beneficial in Manitoba. As a rising mixed city comprised of people from many nations and backgrounds, the STV system would be more
flexible and easy to manage. Unlike the FPTP system which discourages small parties and forces tactical

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electoral System
The Oxford Dictionary (Oxforddictionaries.com, 2016) defines an election as "a formal and organised choice by vote of a person for a political
office or other position". This is the same in all democratic countries, however, no two countries have the exact same procedure for carrying out
elections. There are many ways in which elections can differ from state to state, for example, does the entire population have the same choice of
people to vote for or is the voting based on constituencies, or are people voting for individuals or a whole party. The variation between them lies
within the electoral systems employed in each of these countries. Electoral systems are simply the rules of elections and how they are conducted. "The
electoral system affects the type and level of interaction between politicians and constituents" (PR STV and localism in Irish politics, 2011).
In Ireland, since gaining independence in 1922, representatives of DГЎil Eireann have been elected by proportional representation by single transferable
vote (Gallagher, 2016). In 1937 it was set out in Bunreacht na hEireann that "Dail Eireann shall be composed of members who represent constituencies
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This representation can sometimes mean a member of the DГЎil prioritises the good of their own local people instead of what is best for the state.
Candidates in the general election have to make certain promises to their community in the hopes of being elected and if elected have to do their best
to ensure they will be re–elected by keeping their supporters content. This may not seem like such a negative effect at first but it can result in "a
parliament, weakened by its members' lack of focus on national issues, and thereby unable to fully hold the government to account" (PR STV and
localism in Irish politics,

Should Extremist Groups Be Allowed? Have A Voice?
Literature review Should extremist groups be allowed to have a voice in EU politics? Who are their leaders? / Who are the current right wing
extreme parties? / What are their policies? / Who votes for the extreme parties?/ What are the electoral systems?/ Who are the current extreme parties?
Daily mail – Content.Time.com–Europa.EU 08/09/15 The B.N.P believes that we should leave the E.U and they would also pay all none whites to go
back to their country of origin. S.V.P is completely anti–immigrant. Northern League Northern Alliance would allow cost guards to shoot traffickers.
How many extreme parties are there?There are 16 extreme parties in the E.U, two of which are in power, a few threatening but most are completely
disregarded. Who are their leaders? JГ¶rg Haider (F.P.O) Frank Vanhecke (V.B) Pia Kjaersgaard (DPP) Jean
–Marie Le Pen (FN) Makis Voridis
(Hellenic Front) Nick Griffin(B.N.P) What are the B.N.P Policies on immigration:B.N.P Home website 08/10/2015 "Britain is full and it's time to
shut our doors" Leave the E.U and take control of our borders. Deport bogus asylum seekers. Crack down on illegal immigration. No amnesty for
illegal immigrants. Crack down on sham marriages. Who votes for extremist parties? Here are some studies on who votes for extreme parties
Demographic CharacteristicLeft–Wing groups Right wing groups AgeAverage age:35Average age 39 Sex73% male 27% female93% male 7% female
Race29%

First Past the Post versus Proportional Representation...
Britain is considering changing current first past the post voting system (FPTP) to proportional representation (PR). The main reason is that FPTP is
"quasi–democratic" voting system under which there is only one majority party ruling the government and it does not represent wishes of all voters as
some votes are wasted. Whereas, PR seems to be the best alternative voting system with proportionality of seats in mandatory places, more parties
ruling government and etc. Let us look at these two voting systems and analyze whether PR is suitable and alternative change for FPTP and do
advantages of PR outweigh disadvantages. First of all, let us start with First Past The Post. FPTP is the current voting system which is used for ... Show
In 1997 Labour pledged a referendum on PR, but it was postponed and it has been argued that two strong political parties, Labour and Torries,
would have lost the most if there were any changes in voting systems. If the referendum took place in 1997 elections, Labour majority would have
to share, approximately, from 46 seats to 166 MPs with Liberal Democrats. Liberal Democrats gained 16,8% of the total votes, but won less than
10% of the total seats. To clearly understand the concept of PR and how does it work, two most common forms of PR must be evaluated. They are
Single Transferable Vote (STV) and Additional Member System (AMS). In Single Transferable Vote (STV) each voter has only one vote. As in
the name of the system word "Transferable" occurs, so votes may go from a candidate who is first preference, to the second and continues if there
is no opportunity for a preferred candidate to win or a candidate already has enough votes. In this case it is not obligatory to have a majority of
votes, because all is needed is just to reach a "quota" of 50%. Candidates, who have the least votes are eliminated and votes are redistributed. Using
this voting system, voters have more choice than in any other systems. Additional Member System is the fusion of FPTP and Party List. Also it is
known as Mixed Member Proportional (MMP). Under

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Proportional Representation
Proportional representation system is a system in which the variety of seats held by way of contributors of a political party in a legislature (such as a
parliament) is decided with the aid of the quantity of votes its candidates get hold of in an election.[ (n.d.). Retrieved September 04, 2016, from http:/
/www.merriam–webster.com/dictionary/proportional representation
]With the proportional illustration system several participants of parliament are to be elected per constituency. Basically each and everypolitical party
offers a listing of candidates and voters can choose a list, that is they vote for a political party. Parties are assigned parliamentary seats proportionally to
the quantity of votes they get.[ Proportional Representation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because PR structures reward minority events with a minority of the seats, they are much less likely to lead to situations the place a single party
holds all the seats in a given province or district. This can be specially necessary to minorities in a province which may now not have huge regional
concentrations or alternative factors of get admission to power.The voters have the ability to rank candidates, the most disliked candidate cannot win,
as they are unlikely to pick up second–, third– and lower–preference votes too and there is no need for tactical voting.[ (n.d.). Retrieved September 5,
2016, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/higher/modern/uk_gov_politics/elect_vote/revision
]Lastly , Parliament is extra in all likelihood to be both reflective of a nation's views and more responsive to them. Parties are huge coalitions, and
can have a markedly vast vary on a lot of issues. With solely one party character per constituency, the representatives elected might also well now not
replicate the views of their electorate. Proportional representation system would help voters to choose a candidate who most closely displays their very
own views and values.
[ Switzerland, M. G. (n.d.). Voting Systems. Retrieved September 04, 2016, from

The United States Health Care System
Out of the nineteen candidates running for president, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, and Donald Trump were chosen for the analysis of
their plans for the United States health care system. The United States health care system has been in need of adjustment for years, with prices being
paid over double per capita compared to other countries. While they have some similar views on current issues, there are drastic differences in the
candidates' ideas for change.
To begin, Bernie Sanders, a Democratic candidate, believes that health care in the United States is a human right regardless of a person's income.
Universal health care is a foundation of his goals. For example, he hopes to utilize legislation to remove fraud in the drug industry while also
reducing costs. He plans to expand and enhance the Medicaid program until universal coverage is achieved. He states that the U.S. is the only major
country that lacks health care coverage for everyone and considers our current system to be "massively dysfunctional". He is looking to move towards
a more cost–effective and higher quality system. He hopes to carry this out by establishing a single payer system like Medicare. He compares the
issue of the poor not receiving quality care to the universal public education that happened 100 years ago. One day he hopes to carry out that extensive
and needed change again but with health care.
The issue of the United States health care system is evident, and his views of

Advantages Of The Electoral System
Is the Electoral System in the UK satisfactory?
An Electoral System which can also be referred to as Voting systems, involve the processes by which we elect candidates. This ascertains the norms on
how parties and representatives are chosen. In the United Kingdom, there are different systems for the voting of The House of Commons, devolved
assemblies and mayors. The Commons and the House of Lords also use different kind of voting methods for internal elections. There are various types
of systems that are utilised to elect mayors and representatives to the House of Commons, Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales, Northern
Ireland Assembly, European Parliament and UK local authorities.
One of the most contested systems, but also a prevalent one in many countries like India and Canada, is the First Past The Post System. It is seen as
one of the easiest systems, and is often also referred to as the winner–takes–all system. The winner of the election will be the candidate who garners
more votes than the others, simply put. The voter is given names of the different candidates and simply has to chose one of them. In England and
Wales, this system is used for local elections as well as to choose Ministers to the House of Commons. In this system, particular regions are divided
into numerous constituencies and voters are supposed to mark ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is almost a replica of the Alternative Vote, with the only distinction that only a first and second preference choice is offered to the people voting.
After tabulation, if one candidate has not gotten more than half the votes, the top two contenders with the highest votes are kept. The second
preferences on the papers of the eliminated candidates are counted and any cast for the two remaining candidates are transferred. The candidate which
at the end of this process has the highest number of votes is then

UK's Option to Reform its Electoral System for General...
UK's Option to Reform its Electoral System for General Elections
In the UK the current voting system for electing MP's to the House of Commons is called First Post the Post. Within the UK alone there are 659
separate constituencies across the UK each electing only one single Member of Parliament. Different voting systems were used within the UK up to
1950. Then in the years after there have been many other, sometimes fairer voting systems like the Single Transferable Vote (STV) used in the Republic
of Ireland and Northern Ireland, or the Alternative Vote (AV) used in Australia.
Despite the fact of their being easier voting systems, first past the post is still an easy system to understand. The ... Show more content on
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There is great lack of choice given the voters, the candidates are selected by a small number of party members, and voters can only choose between
parties, and not individual candidates. In addition voters are represented unequally; in 1997 the average number of votes per MP elected was 32,376
for Labour, but 113,826 for the Liberal Democrats. So this shows that the system is not as fair and as democratic as it should be.
An alternative voting system to First Past the Post, could be the Single Transferable Vote (STV), this system is used in Northern Ireland for general local
elections. By using STV there are still constituencies but each is represented by more than one person, so normally about five or six representatives.
Then each party will normally put forward more than one candidate in each constituency. The voters have to basically put the candidates in their order
of preference, so it's similar to Alternative Vote in some aspects. The advantage of this system is that the voter can choose between parties and
candidates.
This system is better than the present one, in certain ways, the major factor that the voter gets a lot of choice. STV is broadly proportional meaning
that all parties will get the equivalent share of the constituency to the total number of votes. The main point of changing the electoral system within the
UK is to get a more democratic

How Far Does the Westminster Electoral System Ensure...
Westminster is the location of the Houses of Parliament, where the majority of political decisions (other than those for devolved states) are made for
the nation. The current Westminster electoral system is First Past the Post (FPTP) which is used for general elections every 5 years (due to the new
fixed–term parliaments brought in by the Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition.) The FPTP system is constituency based, each person votes for a
representative for their constituency and whichever party wins the most constituencies gains governmental power. First Past the Post works on the
basis of a plurality of votes, that is, that the winning party need only gain the most votes out of all parties to gain power, they do not need an overall...
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The First Past The Post system's ability to create single party governments therefore means that that government will be stable and cohesive.
Within parties the majority of people have shared political ideologies and ideas and so the party elected to government will be able to make decisions
quickly and efficiently as everyone will be aiming towards shared goals or desires for policies. The governing party will be loyal to their traditional or
modern ideologies and will have decided upon one set of policies in their manifesto before the election and so they will not need a large amount of
discussion and debate before policies are passed. All members of the party will be subject to the same party disciplines so they will all be following
the same rules and working together which again ensures that the government is stable. A stable government means that parties can pass their desired
policies quickly which will be beneficial to the public as they will feel that the party is doing their role correctly and efficiently. If a governing party
were to not be stable then it may affect their future election prospects as the public are unlikely to vote in a party that they have previously seen as
unstable.
First Past The Post creates a

Comparing Electoral Processes in Uk
Electoral Systems in the UK
There are two main types of electoral system in the UK:
First Past the Post (FPTP) & Proportional Representation (PR)
First Past the Post (FPTP);
FPTP is the voting system used for the election of MPs to 'seats' in the UK Parliament. It is a system in which the 'winner takes all' and usually gives
a clear majority both at constituency and national level. This means that a candidate in a constituency only needs one more vote than the nearest rival
to win the seat. Similarly, political parties only need to win one more seat in the House of Commons to have a majority.
Advantages of FPTP;
There is very little chance of extremist parties being elected to Parliament under FPTP because they are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FPTP also encourages tactical (unfair) voting. This means voting for a party, other than your preferred party, to prevent another party from being
elected. An example of this would be when a Labour supporter in a marginal Liberal/ Conservative seat votes Liberal Democrat in order to keep the
Conservatives from winning.
Another disadvantage of FPTP can occur in marginal constituencies, where voters tend to change their party loyalty from election to election, and
among 'floating' or 'swing' voters, who have no firm party loyalty. The outcome of an election can be decided on the voting patterns in these situations,
even although the constituents may number only a tiny proportion of the electorate.
Proportional Representation (PR)
There is a number of systems that use PR such as the Single Transferable Vote (STV) (the Regional and National Lists) and the Alternative Vote. There
is a third system that combines these two, known as the Additional Member System (AMS) or the hybrid or top–up system. The AMS system is
presently used in elections for the Scottish Parliament, where voters can vote for single candidates in their constituencies but also for candidates from
regional 'lists' put forward by each party. If there is a discrepancy between the percentage of seats the party has won and the percentage of votes cast,

the seats are 'topped up' from the

The Democratic Government Of Canada
Summary
The Liberal Government of Canada has promised the implementation of a new electoral system within the next 18 months according to the second
chapter of the document Real Change: A New Plan for a Strong Middle Class. The document seeks to affirm that the 2015 election will be the last
federal election held under the first–past–the–post electoral system and that many reform options will be thoroughly explored to replace it. Proportional
representation (PR) systems appears to be the most beneficial and logical alternatives to our current system. However, there is variety of different
forms of proportional representation and this paper will seek to explain why Single Transferable Vote is the most viable proportional representation...
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Regionalism allows for some voters to have more power with their votes, particularly Ontario and Quebec over other provinces thus furthering regional
tension and divide.
Voters in areas with a lesser impact on the Election outcome may feel a sense of voter apathy and will be less likely to engage with political discourse.
Potentially wasted ballots on small fringe parties with no chance of winning or in electoral districts with a strong partisan leaning.
Parties that have a diffuse national support may be underrepresented in House of Commons, The New Democratic Party and in some historical
instances the Conservative Party have been negatively impacted by this.
The inverse of the prior problem occurs as well, parties with a concentrated regional support become over represented in the House of Commons; The
Bloc Quebecois have traditionally been an example of this.
Strategic voting may occur to ensure a party is removed from power, voters will vote for an opposing party with a good chance of winning versus a
party with lesser support but whose platform they agree with.
On Election Day a winner can be determined before polls across Canada close, once the Maritimes, Quebec and Ontario are counted, a winner can be
determined before the polls close out West.
What is the Single Transferable Voting

The Country 's Current Political Infrastructure
Entdeckungland fell as a country when their president, Giorgio Franz Diego Best passed away. There country fell which led to throwing off
Entdeckungland politics into confusion.
Ever since president's best's death all parties have be banned and thrown over by new ones. Entdeckungland political infrastructure is leading the people
of Entdeckungland to confusion and this can harm the nation as a whole, not only its political system, but its very survival as a country depends on
how the country's current political infrastructure is resolved. No group has ever been able to colonize the institutions of government and national
administration enough to be able to discriminate overtly against other groups. Another disturbing development in Entdeckungland politics following
President Best's passing, however, is the resurgence of political cleavages that most people thought no longer existed, as well as the appearance of new
cleavages that historians say had never before held any importance for Entdeckungland. Entdeckungland has many problems to fix, the only solution is
to construct a political institution to help stabilize and progress the nation as a whole. The main thing that Entdeckungland needs is to create a
constitution that will satisfy that nation as a whole, a constitution will set institutions for that nation to follow. Political party that Entdeckungland will
be based on is democracy. Democracies are based on "rule of law." The ancient Greeks specially Aristotle valued

Electoral System For The Afghan Political Setting Essay
In September 2005, almost 6.5 million votes were counted in what was, despite noteworthy blemishes, the freest election Afghans had ever
experienced. After five years, 2.5 million fewer votes were recorded, the aftermath of which were challenged by the parliament, by the electoral
commissions, and by the judiciary for months. Afghan parliamentary politics have been portrayed by a weak party system, intense personalization, and
a parliament that is unable to assert its authority in policymaking. At last, we consider the alternatives options for electoral reform in the Afghan
political setting. In doing as such, we will examine two related options that could likewise moderate a substantial portion of the deficiencies of the
SNTV format. Moreover, finally, there will be a recommendation on which electoral system to implement.
Afghanistan's Experience of SNTV
The technique by which Afghans choose their individuals from parliament obstruction to the development of effective legislative representation, which
is essential to democracy. Theelection system currently used in Afghanistan is the Single Non–Transferable Vote (SNTV). While this is not the more
severe issue assailing democratization in Afghanistan, it intensifies many current issues, most unmistakably by undermining the advancement of viable
political parties or broad alliances that could articulate coherent policy platforms to address the nation 's enormous difficulties. SNTV is an obstruction
to Afghan democracy by

Fptp Voting System Essay
For more than 130 years, Canada's FPTP voting system has been a source of discussion and debates, however, it remain all the same with no changes.
In this section we will discuss few suggested reforms and referendums on the Canadian electoral system that took place over the past decades until most
recently in 2015. We aim from that section to understand what might be the reasons for not considering any changes on the electoral system inCanada.
For example in the 1920s, the emergence of a third party known by the Progressive Party helped to ignite the discussion about the possibility of
changing the federal electoral system in Canada. However, the submitted proposals to switch to a 'majority electoral system' like the Alternative Vote
system (which requires at least 50 per cent of the votes to win a seat) were unsuccessful. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here we discuss only few of them. The 2005 Single Transferable Vote referendum in British Columbia (BC). British Columbia, in which 160 citizen
were chosen by random by the Citizens Assembly in 2004 to held meeting debating the changing the electoral system throughout the province. The
Assembly met in early 2004 to set out a series of public consultation meetings. The Assembly then decided to recommend that BC should adopt the
Single Transferable Vote (STV) system . Their recommendation to adopt a new electoral system was put in a referendum to question voters in 2005
provincial election. However, the government at that time raised the existing referendum legislation to require a successful vote to achieve at least 60
percent support across the whole province, must including 50% support in 60% of the number of ridings. The referendum results fell slightly short to
meet the above criteria. In 2009, a similar referendum for the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system was held in May 2009. However, the adoption of
STV was

Should Fptp Be Reformed?
Should the Electoral system used in general elections in the UK be reformed? The election system that we currently have in the UK is a lot like
marmite, you either love it or you hate it... There are many different arguments for and against this system, however people forget that within getting
rid of the First Past the Post system, you will then need to then replace it. This then poses the vital question of which is the best fitting system and
should we really change tradition? First past the post is a simple plurality system which requires the plurality of votes to win: that is one more vote than
the second candidate. There is no requirement to obtain the votes cast. In contests involving three or more candidates, the winner may fall... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore The First past the Post system gives rise to a coherent opposition in the legislature. In theory, the flip side of a strong single–party
government is that the opposition is also given enough seats to perform a critical checking role and present itself as a realistic alternative to the
government of the day. It advantages broadly–based political parties. In severely ethnically or regionally divided societies, FPTP is commended for
encouraging political parties to be 'broad churches', encompassing many elements of society, particularly when there are only two major parties and
many different societal groups. These parties can then field a diverse array of candidates for election. In Malaysia, for example, the Barisan Nasional
government is made up of a broadly–based umbrella movement which fields Malay, Chinese, and Indian candidates in areas of various ethnic
complexions. In addition to the arguments above there are some very strong disadvantages to this system such as it excludes women from the
legislature. The 'most broadly acceptable candidate' syndrome also affects the ability of women to be elected to legislative office because they are
often less likely to be selected as candidates by male–dominated party structures. Although the evidence across the world suggests that women are less
likely to be elected to the

Reforming the Canadian Electoral System Essay
Although Canadian electoral system has always undergone periodic reforms, new challenges always accompany electoral changes and therefore the
system should be consistently reformed to meet new circumstances.The current electoral system in Canada is a product of a series of electoral
changes that have always taken place since the foundation of the Canadian confederation in the mid 1880s. During the early years, the rights of
individuals to vote were significantly limited as only white males had the right to vote but only after meeting certain requirements. A secret ballot was
unheard, and it was only after a number of changes were implemented that all social groups in Canada were given the right to vote. Even after these
changes, electoral... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Canadian electoral system is largely based on the single member plurality (SMP) system which was inherited from its former British colonial
masters. The system dates back to several years before the formation of the Canadian confederation. Some of the common features of the Canadian
electoral system include election candidates to represent designated geographical areas popularly known as" ridings", counting and tallying of the
votes casted on the basis of the districts as opposed to the parties of the candidates (Dyck, 622). Finally, a candidate only needs a simple majority
over the other candidates in order to be considered a winner, even if the winner has a small percentage of votes. This system has however been
heavily criticized for its winner takes all way of judging victory. Critics argue that if the winner takes over the whole system, it may result into unfair
representation of the various social groups, but it may also bring into power unstable minority participation in government. For example, a candidate
can win even with barely 25% of all the votes casted, while the small parties may end up with no seats in the parliament. On the other hand, the
Canadian electoral system has also been accused of being undemocratic and unrepresentative in many aspects. Although the Canadian single member
plurality

Electoral System And Representation Of Representation,...
The variety of electoral systems currently in place has important political implications for matters of representation, accountability, and government
effectiveness. A given electoral system determines the extent to which voters have choices in the election process, the way in which parties and
candidates are elected as representatives, the extent and form of political competition, and the means by which the electorate vote is translated into
legislative representation. Adopted by nations worldwide are two voting systems known as single–member plurality and proportional representation. As
a result of the divisions and proportions of representation, two significantly contrasting dynamics of electoral and governing processes emanate from
the practice of these two systems. This paper will comprise a systematic explanation of proportional representation and single–member plurality for its
style of voter choice and its method of electing candidates, followed by a comparison of the forms of representation offered by and resulting from each
system. Single–member plurality.
The electoral system most familiar to the democracies of Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom is that of single–member plurality (SMP).
A nation is divided into many districts or constituencies. Each elector votes for a single candidate for their constituency on a ballot to represent them
in the legislative body. A candidate is elected to office if he or she receives the most votes in his or her

Scottish Devolution Essay examples
Devolution is the transfer of powers from a central body to subordinate regional bodies. In Scotland, Devolution was set up to restore legitimacy to a
system of government that reflected Scottish preferences. The reason behind the demand for Scottish self–government is that Scotland had the historic
status of nationhood before the Union of 1707 and within the Union, has a different set of legal, educational and religious institutions that reinforce a
Scottish identity.
The Scottish National Party (SNP) was founded In 1934 and In 1960 was found oil in the North Sea, what changed the Scottish public opinion about
the Union as the main cause to join it was economical; having oil would suppose economical independence from England.
In 1967 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In October 1974 is was held another elections and the SNP representation in the Parliament raised to 11 seats. The Labour Government became weaker
and started to prepare the legal situation for the incoming Referendum. The Government failed in amend a bill for Scotland and Wales Devolution, but
it was introduced a separate amendment which made necessary the 40% of the eligible Scottish electorate to vote "yes" for the effective devolution of
powers, that was known as the Cunningham Amendment. The 1st of March of 1979 it was held a referendum and "Yes" won but with not enough
representation to reach the 40% needed to start the Scottish devolution.
Scottish devolution was defeated in the referendum and the two biggest parties campaigned for "No". The SNP considered the results as a victory for
devolution but was against the referendum as they were campaigning about the complete independence.
In 1977 a Labour Member of Parliament introduced a important issue, a question that was called "The West Lothian Question" later on and referred to
the ability to vote on matters that only afected people living in England by Members of Parliament from constituencies in Northern Ireland, Scotland
and Wales, as a consequence of the devolution of power from Westminster andScottish parliament, Welsh and Northern Irish Assemblies.
In 1979 it was a motion of no confidence against the Labour Government, that had as a direct consequence the celebration

Britain's Electoral System
The change of electoral system of Britain from first–past–the–post to form of proportional representation caused discussions and argues in the whole
country. Does new system inspirit and change course to better or lead to weak and indecisive government? Whereas first–past–the–post developed
stable majorities in parliament, there are always was a lack of suffer from grave shortcomings, for example majority of population remains
unrepresented in government bodies, and a party, which wins less voices in selection than their contestants, can be represented by more seats. Nation
is looking forward to see the fairness and progress of parliamentary works of country, which can be motivated by advantageousness of proportional
representation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is why the proportional representation is more fair system than first–past–the–post.
Nevertheless proportional representation has it disadvantages. First of all, there are complexity in formation of government because of multi–party
coalitions includes parties with different majorities, goals and assignments. Owing to that, it is quite hard to produce common, clear and strong
program. A regime, which is based on this background, differs with instability. Secondly this system brings to the situation when legation in
government bodies gets political power. Also, in proportional representation, because ofelection process carry out with political parties, not with
specific candidates, direct connection between constituents and their representatives is weak. Finally, whereas the election of this system is for
political parties, delegates depend on their partial guidance. It can badly result in debates and important documents adoption. It seems clear that both
first–past–the–post and proportional representation electoral systems have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, no doubts, despite all
this disadvantages, comparing two systems gives that in multi–party conditions proportional presentation more democratic than first–past–the–post.
Eventually, the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of proportional representation shows that even with this numerous defects of system, PR can
inspirit government with only

The Single Transferable Vote System
The Single Transferable Vote system is a system that was invented by a mathematician whose processes are lengthy and confusing to the people who
actually use it to implement change: voters. The currently used Single Member Plurality system is widely understood and the best system for
Manitoban voters. While some may argue that the Single Transferrable Vote system is a superior method of electing members of government in
Manitoba, due to the unfamiliarity with candidates, lack of voter involvement, and confusing nature of the system, the current Single Member Plurality
system is more effective and reflective of the actual views of the electors. All electoral systems must take into account five consequences:
proportionality, local... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The alleged problems with the proportionality under SMP that STV seem to solve, may be more beneficial on a national level, rather than on a
provincial level as the population size is much smaller and less diverse, therefor voters needs are far more similar than on a national level. The
second consequence of electoral systems is referred to as local representation. LP is extremely poor in STV yet is excellent in SMP. This is the case
because the current system elects one MLA per riding and has much smaller constituencies, making contact between the voter and their MLA more
feasible and likely easier to get in contact with. Once constituencies grow and become large in size, like it has a tendency to do in STV, there becomes
a need for multi–member parties required for one riding. Local representation under STV becomes an issue for voters when constituents are too
geographically large as contact with representatives become few and far between. Large constituents with multiple members representing them, seem to
be the answer to the problem at hand, however there is no guarantee that there will be enough candidate interest to support these constituents under
STV. For example, if many of the towns in Northern Manitoba were grouped into one constituent, due to the sheer amount of travel that would be
required by candidates, it would be very difficult to find enough candidates willing to sign up, and even more difficult for voters to engage face–to–face

Why Do Voters Vote The Way They Do?
Why do voters vote the way they do?
A voter can be defined as an individual who votes, or has the right to vote, in elections. Voting behaviour is explained using the concepts of expressive
voting and strategic voting. A rational voter would act more strategically, that is, the voter would vote to produce anelection outcome which is as close
as possible to his or her own policy preferences, rather than voting on the basis of party attachment, ideology, or social group membership
(expressive voting). Strategic voting has become more important than voting on the basis of political cleavages (expressive voting), so voters have
become more rational in their approach, however there is always an element of expressiveness in their behaviour. Political parties were initially
formed to represent the interests of particular groups in society however, as these parties became more universal in the appeal of their policy
programmes, voting behaviour shifted from expressive to strategic. This essay explores the reasons behind the declining importance of political
cleavages, and the rise of strategic voting. "In their seminal study, Lipset and Rokkan (1967) explained how ideological and partisan divisions sprang
from the social cleavages in the nation" (Russell. J. Delton.) An example is the 1966 formation of the Black Panther Party in the United States. It
aimed to represent black interests, and its main objectives were full employment for black people, and securing "overdue debt of

Electoral Systems in the Caribbean
Essay Question Number 4; The Electoral systems in the Caribbean needs to be changed. How real is this view?
An election as a political process serves as the single most important mechanism for citizens to participate in the selection of a government. When
conducted to international standards, elections tend to confer legitimacy on a government. In the Commonwealth Caribbean, the electoral experience
varies and tends to reflect not only the socio–political culture of the member state but also its particular electoral system.
The electoral system determines the difference between votes and seats; how votes are translated into seats. How many and what kind of votes are
needed to get a seat varies from system to system. As a result, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Criticisms are heard about the composition of election and boundary commissions and how they are appointed or removed the manner and integrity
with which the voter list is compiled, who is allowed to vote. There is also controversy as to whether persons in the diaspora should be allowed to vote
given that their remittance makes a substantial contribution to the wellbeing of the people who remains on the ''rock''.
Confidence in an electoral system translates into confidence in a democracy. It is generally agreed that elections will hardly be completely free and
fair. But a country must be satisfied that election results reflect the will of the people. This means that even where there are malpractices in some
constituencies or regions the overall result is what the people, voting as a whole, intend it to be. This was the conclusion of election observers in
Jamaica's last elections even while the electoral process fell short of the standards of fairness.
Elections have a stronger tradition in the Anglo–Caribbean than in the Latin Caribbean but even so there is room to improve electoral laws and
administration and to enforce codes of conduct during election campaigns. Very importantly, there is the need to change the culture of violence so that
elections can be conducted in a climate of peace, and not only be free and fair but be free from fear.

UK's Main Electoral System and Should It Be Reformed Essay...
UK's Main Electoral System and Should It Be Reformed
Over the years Britain's pluralist electoral system has been scrutinised by many political and pressure groups, such as the Liberal Democrats and the
Electoral Reform Society. In their 1997 Manifesto, the Labour Party did state that they would look into the matter, by holding a referendum on the
issue, however there was no change as Labour had a large majority in 1997 and Labour has preformed disappointingly in elections where Proportional
Representation had been used. The main electoral system in the UK should be reformed because the 'first past the post' system does not represent the
electorate in a democratic manner. It also under represents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The system is also disproportionate, an example of this is can be shown in a study of the 2001 General Election.
From the 2001 General Election results, we can deliberately see that through our pluralist electoral system, the system is disproportionate. We can
see many examples of this]. The percentage of votes to the percentage of seats is unequal, showing how its 'seats not votes that count,' and judging
by labour's "landslide" victory. In fact, we can see that Labour did not even gain a majority from voters but only from seats. Another example is
the Liberal Democrats; they received 18.3% of the electorate's votes, but only received less than half the percentage of seats at 7.9%. Labour also
received a mere 9% more votes than the Conservatives, but yet still managed to acquire around 247 more seats. This also shows that some parties,
especially Labour in the 2001 elections, are over represented and this can lead eventually lead to a dangerous 'one party system', which certainly
undermines our ideology of a Democracy. On average 70% of votes are also wasted during a single election. We find that 100.0% of votes are
accounted for, only 40.7% actually counted, therefore, votes a drastically wasted.
Other arguments to demonstrate how the

Electoral Systems in the Caribbean
Essay Question Number 4; The Electoral systems in the Caribbean needs to be changed. How real is this view?
An election as a political process serves as the single most important mechanism for citizens to participate in the selection of a government. When
conducted to international standards, elections tend to confer legitimacy on a government. In the Commonwealth Caribbean, the electoral experience
varies and tends to reflect not only the socio–political culture of the member state but also its particular electoral system.
The electoral system determines the difference between votes and seats; how votes are translated into seats. How many and what kind of votes are
needed to get a seat varies from system to system. As a result, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Electoral systems in the region are mainly of the first–past–the post type. Electoral systems are essentially the electoral formula used for electing the
executive and legislature. In the Anglo–Caribbean countries (except Guyana), the first–past–the–post system elects the members of parliament, a
majority of whom nominate the prime minister. In the Latin Caribbean and Guyana the electoral formula is more complicated, often including
proportional representation and either an indirectly or directly elected president. Caribbean electoral systems reflect the influence of the former colonial
powers and national circumstances such as the racial composition of the population.
Elections and electoral systems aim at converting the popular will expressed as votes into choices between candidates of political parties for political
offices in the executive and legislature. The electoral system therefore reflects itself in the party system and the structure of governmental
representation. This association between elections, parties and government takes different forms. Ideal electoral systems should comprise of
competition, effective government, and fair representation along with free and fair voting.
A review of the Caribbean electoral system show how these aims are attempted and the strengths and weaknesses encountered. In the Dominican
Republic there is a mixed electoral system where the

The Marginalization of Minority Groups in The Electoral...
The marginalization of minority groups in the electoral system impedes a comprehensive representation by further entrenching and aggravating ethnic
division. The lack of minority representation in political–decision making has limited the ability of a true representative democracy to come into
fruition. The inconsistency of elected assemblies mirroring the population has decreased the representation of ethnic minorities and deepened the racial
and ethnic cleavages. Reforming the electoral system to accommodate proportional representation will not only enhance interethnic relations, but also
ensure that racial, ethnic, and social diversity is reflected in national leadership. This paper will aim to create to create a strong electoral system ... Show
Having a strong, efficient electoral system is essential for instituting a framework of governance that guarantees the protection of a citizen's
constitutional liberties and, their "right to have a voice in how they are governed." Due to the complexity of creating and electoral system, many factors
must be taken into consideration to administer an effective and sustainable system of government, such as the historical and social circumstances of
that society. This society is not in need of rapid decision making legislature or a unified, decisive executive leadership, but a proportional representation
that reflects minority interests. In a society with minority cleavages that entrench social divisions, a proportional representation under a parliamentary
system is indispensable. From this, national leadership will not only mirror ethnic and social diversity, but also further the continuation of democracy.
In this regime, the only democratic institution is the parliament, where the government's authority is contingent upon parliamentary confidence. While
some political scientists ascertain that a parliamentary system fails to create a strong, stable executive, it will generate consensus and coalition building
that is vital to enhancing the voice of minorities in the legislature. Arend Lijphart validates this by arguing that proportional representation, unlike a

The Electoral System Of Elections And Voting
Democracy has existed since ancient Greece, serving as an inspiration for others and the foundation of many governments of today. Nevertheless, with
time democracy has evolved and numerous forms have been produced. Though these forms are all democratic, they all have their benefits and
shortcomings. The differing electoral systems of countries highlight their levels of democracy and the effectiveness of their government. A common
subject matter in the debate of electoral systems is whether to create an effective government or represent the views of all. The many differing
electoral systems have their own pros and cons, each showing what a country values most in its government. Conceivably the most significant feature
of a democracy is the electoral system. In the scholarly article "Comparing Democracies: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting",
Lawrence Leduc writes, "the electoral system... defines how votes are cast and seats allocated". The electoral system itself determines which candidate
emerges victorious from an election. However, these systems are not simple. Though electoral systems can be qualified as majoritarian, proportional, or
mixed, the systems of different countries all differ; especially in complexity and degree of representation. A webpage published by Georgetown
University with author Charles King states, "There are many different types of electoral systems in use around the world, and even within individual
countries, different electoral

Politics
'THE FIRST PAST THE POST SYSTEM USED IN ELECTIONS TO THE WESTMINSTER PARLIAMENT SHOULD BE REPLACED WITH A
MORE PROPORTIONAL SYSTEM. DISCUSS'
The UK General Elections currently uses the first past the post system as a means of voting in government. Over the years this form of electing
government has come under scrutiny and many have questioned whether or not this electoral system is proportional and whether there should be an
electoral reform for a more proportional voting system.
Under first past the post, the voter puts a cross on the ballot paper, under their preferred candidate; the candidate with the majority of votes wins
government. Those in favour of the FPTP system argue that it provides a strong government in that, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Under STV, candidates are elected in if they achieve a quota of votes. The quota is calculated as follows: total number of votes cast divided by
number of seats filled(+1). First preference votes are counted first, followed by the second preference and so on. The candidate with the least votes is
eliminated and votes are redistributed to the other candidates, meaning no votes are wasted. Those in favour of this system argue that it is favourable
because there are no safe seats under this system, meaning candidates must campaign everywhere not just for marginal seats thus tackling the problem
of geographically concentrated constituencies. However the process in which counting votes takes place is longer than that of the FPTP system
meaning the winner may not be declared straight away. Albeit a way to challenge this is through electronic ballot paper scanners.
Finally, Under the Party List system, there are two different types; Open List and Closed List. With the open list, voters choose an individual
candidate from the list of parties and the candidate with the popular vote wins. Whereas, with the closed list , voters only vote for political parties and
have no influence over which candidate is elected. Those in favour of this system argue that it is potentially the "purest" form of proportional
representation in that every vote has equal value, making it fair for all parties. Those that oppose this view would argue that the existence of

The Main Characteristics of Alternative Vote, PR List...
The Main Characteristics of Alternative Vote, PR List (open and closed), STV, First Past The Post and AMS
There are many systems used throughout the world, which are based on democracy to ensure that the needs of the populations are taken into account.
Many countries are constantly trying to form new models and techniques to ensure equality, but there are still many systems that have disadvantages,
for example, in the First Past the Post system the candidate with the most votes may not necessarily win the election. In this essay I will explain the
main characteristics of a few of the most used electoral systems.
First of all I will explain the 'First Past The Post' system, which is also called ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This electoral system also produces a stable government but has a slow and exhaustive ballot.
The system used in Germany is called A.M.S. It was adopted in West Germany in 1949 but is now extended to United Germany. It creates a stable
government and provides legislation. This system is different from most as the elector has two different votes. One for the constituency, and a second
for a party. When the votes are counted the constituency representatives are elected from the first vote. The constituency representatives fill half of the
six houndred and fifty–six seats.
The party vote is made proportional to the amount of votes cast but computing how many seats each party would be entitles to and then subtracting
from that number the amount of seats each party has won in the constituency vote. The figure remaining is equal to the number of extra seats received
on the second vote. A party, which fails to secure 5% of votes across the country of 3 constituency seats, cannot take part in allocation of seats based
on second votes. The list is ordered and the candidates are numbered.
One complicating cam and does occasionally happen that a party wins more seats from the first vote that the total entitlement under the second vote.
The party is allowed to retain extra seats and the Bundestag in enlarged.
Proportional representation list system

An Argument For Single Transferable Vote
An Argument for Single Transferable Vote
One of the main functions of elections is to ensure representation. Yet, it is arguable that most electoral systems do not return proportional results and
therefore do not ensure proper representation. There are numerous electoral systems that are used all over the world and every country seems to have
adopted a particular system that works well for them, but may not for others.
For much of the BC Legislative Assembly's history, the First Past the Post (FPTP) system has been used forelections. As with most things political,
each system has its positives and its flaws – and it is the flaws of each used system that contribute to the failure of BC to provide proportionality
where it matters most. It has become evident over the years that there has not been equality in terms of representation. For example, while women
represent about half of the population, only about 25% of elected politicians are women. It is even worse when it comes to minority groups –
indigenous people are severely under–represented in the government.
The currently used First Past the Post system is widely the most recognized and known system to BC electorate. The next best–known system is Single
Transferable Vote, a type of proportional electoral system. In 2005, there was the first of two referendums to change to an STV electoral system. The
Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform first recommended this system in late 2004. Ultimately, the results from both

Assess the Criticisms of the Various Electoral Systems in...
Assess the criticisms of the various electoral systems used in the UK
In the UK, we have been using the First Past The Post system as our electoral system since we became a democracy. Whilst this system works for us,
there are many systems that we could use, these being: Closed Party List, AMS, STV and Supplementary Vote. All these have various strengths and
weaknesses to them.
First Past the Post is the system we currently use in the UK, but whilst some may enjoy this system, there are limitations to this system. Perhaps the
strongest criticism of the system is that it does not proportionally reflect the voting of the people. What is meant by this is that a party may receive
less proportion of seats in the General Election than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Additional Member system is able to combine both First Past The Post and Proportional representation. A proportion of sets is awarded through
FPTP, while the rest are awarded on a regional list system. The electorate is able to vote for a constituency candidate, and a party as well. Therefore
some of the elected representatives have a constituency to look after, whilst other do not. The rest are allocated on a proportional basis. AMS is used
in the UK for the elections for the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales and the London Assembly. The main advantages to this
system is that there is a fair degree of proportionality to the votes cast and that voters can vote for both candidates and parties. However, seeing as this
party would seeem intitially to be the ideal voting system, there are strong disadvantages which limit its potential. Perhaps the most obvious one is
that it fails to provide a majority very often. For example, when used for the London Assembly in 2012, Labour gained 12 seats, the most for a
single party, and the Conservatives gained 9, however Labour were still not able to gain a majority of seats as the Green Party and Liberal Democrats
won 2 each, showing that if this was used for the general elections, we would end up with another coalition.
Another voting system used is the Single Transferable Vote System. The idea is that people vote just for the candidates and not parties. Several
candidates are put up in a

The Current Winner Take All System
The current winner–take–all system is serviceable, but it is prone to polar inversions due to its bipartisan nature. Neither party adequately represents the
values of most Americans. Worse, is the fact that most of the votes that go toward an independent or third party candidate are essentially wasted,
discouraging voters from selecting such candidates. It is a system which generally makes it difficult for smaller parties to gain influence, and which
rarely provides accurate representation to the voters.
A winner–take–all system is, as the name suggests, one where the winner (the majority vote in this case) is the only one selected for representation.
The margin of victory does not matter; a 45 percent majority is counted the same a 60 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Winner–take–all systems tend to be significantly simpler and more stable. However, the representatives in this system tend to be more polarized than
the average voter in the districts they represent. Additionally, winner–take–all systems tend to keep a very small number of parties in play, limiting the
voters' perceived reasonable choices. As pointed out earlier, the majority vote does not even need to be a majority of the total. A candidate only needs
more votes than any of the other candidates to win, which may not be representative of the electorate. In a system with two major parties, one of the
worst–case scenarios could be an election where the winner only has about 45 percent of the total votes. This would mean that around 55 percent of the
district's population is not being properly represented. Minor parties are often looked at as hopeless non–options, since they appear to be lacking the
support necessary to win. Voters do not want to waste their votes, so they will try to make what they believe to be the best decision between two
highly polarized parties. It is like trying to draw a rainbow in black and white–possible, difficult, yet not likely to produce an accurate depiction. While
this makes the system significantly simpler for voters, it also makes the system more easily corruptible, and almost certain to produce a less accurate
representation of public interests. Part of the appeal for the argument of keeping this system is that doing so

The Advantages of Electoral Systems
Electoral Systems Introduction According to Farrell, an electoral system can be defined as the determining means "by which votes are translated into
seats in the process of electing politicians into office". The electoral systems are important due to a number of reasons. They are designed to define
and elaborate how a political system is expected to function. Rhetorically, the electoral systems can be considered as the mechanism that works to
ensure the proper functioning of the democracy by keeping the wheels straight. Almost every course of politics considers some particular themes as
concerned topics of importance. They include elections and representations, parties and party organizations, the structure of government and the
politics of coalitions. All these areas, however, are not complete without the electoral system playing a major part. The design of an electoral system
defines whether it is easy or difficult for the politicians to win the seats. It also defines whether it would be hard or simple for a particular party to gain
representation in parliament. Thus, an electoral system greatly affects the functioning of political systems (Farrell 2). The primary function of an
electoral system is to ensure that the system is accepted legitimately and is run with smoothness. Other than that, however, electoral systems are also
designed to serve a number of other purposes. The functions of an electoral system are sometimes conflicting and are not favoured by

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Electoral System

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