1. An Integrative Ecosystem Service
Assessment Framework
- Measuring the Impact of
Rubber Agroforestry
Dr. Marc Cotter, Inga Häuser & SURUMER-partners
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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2. Objective of SURUMER
- to develop an integrative,
applicable, and stakeholder
validated concept for
sustainable rubber cultivation
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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3. Project region and Ecosystem Services
Photo: G. Langenberger
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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4. Literature review on ESS in rubber
Inspiration for culture
Total number of ESS mentioned in each study.
Spiritual experience
14
Cultural
Recreation
Number of studies
12
Maintenance of genetic diversity
10
Climate regulation
Habitat
8
Regulation of w ater flow s
6
Waste treatment
4
Regulation
Erosion prevention
2
Maintenance of soil fertility
0
1
2
Pollination
4
3
Provisioning
>5
Biological control
ESS mentioned
Food
0
10
20
30
40
Number of inclusions
Kevin Thellmann (2013) tbp
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
Water
Raw materials
Genetic resources
4

5. Ecosystem Services in SURUMER
Carbon
Biodiversity
Social
welfare
Quality
Biomass
Habitat quality
(flora, fauna,
aquatic)
Income
Quantity
Latex
Pollination
Workload
Evaporation
Sequestration rates
Animal husbandry
Payments for ESS
Transpiration
Sedimentation
Non-Timber Forest
Products
Conservation
Value
Erosion
Export
Human-Wildlife
conflicts
Tourism
Water
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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6. Stakeholders define focus topics
Photo: G. Langenberger
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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7. Integrated scenario assessment framework
ESS covered by SURUMER
Stakeholder Process
Stakeholder Initiated
Alternative Scenarios
Water
Management
Land Management
& Bio-Physical
Modeling
Ecosystem Service
Assessments
Socio-economic
Evaluation
Biodiversity
Interdisciplinary
Trade-off
Assessment
Stakeholder Validation
Transdisciplinary Evaluation Process
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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8. Focus region
Naban River Watershed
National Nature Reserve,
Xishuangbanna Prefecture,
Yunnan Province, PR China
270 km²
Berkhoff 2014
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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9. e.g. Carbon pools
aboveground biomass
Photo: K. Martin
dead organic matter
Photo: K. Martin
belowground biomass
Photo: R. Golbon
latex yield
Photo: LIU Jingxin
Bhagabati 2013, Li et al. 2008, Huber 2013
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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10. Landscape Level: Carbon storage
total carbon stored in NRWNNR landscape:
2.4 million Mg C
equivalent to 8.8 million Mg CO2
worth 51.9 million €
(www.eex.com, 5.90 €/Mg of CO2, price as of February 4th 2014)
Häuser, tbp
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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11. scenario evaluation: Carbon storage 2025
GoGreen
go green scenario
<->
land use 2006
discount rate 8%
+ 1.8 million €
Business as Usual
business as usual
<->
land use 2006
discount rate 8%
- 0.3 million €
Cotter et al. 2014, Gibreel et al. 2014, Ecological Indicators
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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12. Plot-Level: Trade-off Analysis
Latex production (Mg/ha)
Rubber C sequestration vs Latex yield:
non-linear relationship
25
300 Trees/ha
450 Trees/ha
1000 Trees/ha
20
15
10
5
0
0
20
40
60
80
C sequestration (Mg C/ha)
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
100
Cadisch et al. 2013
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13. Off–site effects: Sediment retention
sediment retention
removing cost of sediments
Photo: L. Seitz
Photo: G. Langenberger
Photo: R. Schaufelberger
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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14. Take home messages
ESS Assessments profit greatly from multi- and
interdisciplinary approaches in modeling and analysis
-Identification of trade-off effects
-Multiple points of view
Involvement of stakeholders is essential for the
implementation and relevance of research projects
-Extension, personal interest, dissemination
- Identification of research needs
- Consideration of off-site effects
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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15. China Agricultural
University
University of Hohenheim
Humboldt University
of Berlin
University of Stuttgart
Thank you!
Leibnitz University
Hannover
Lao PDR
Tongji University
Shanghai
Naban River Watershed
National Nature Reserve
Centre for Chinese
Agricultural Policy
CAS, Beijing
World Agroforestry Centre,
China-Program
EFTAS, Münster
Beijing Normal University
Yunnan State
Farms Groups
Xishuangbanna Tropical
Botanical Garden
Tsinghua University
Beijing
http://surumer.uni-hohenheim.de
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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16. Economy and
socio-economy
Biodiversity
Biophysical
processes
PMC
Subprojects in SURUMER
Remote sensing data and land use maps
SP2: Local
water balance
SP1: Carbon
dynamics
SP3: Water
management
Integrated
valuation of
ESF/ESS
SP4: Pollinator
services
SP6: Nature
reserve conflicts
SP5: Agroecological
diversification
and
sustainability
assessment
SP7: Welfare
economic
valuation
SP9: Microeconomic
analysis
SP8: Knowledge
transfer
management
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
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17. Scenario 2
Scenario 1
Scenario 3
SP 8 and all
Stakeholder Process
Scenario groups
Stakeholder Workshops
Framework for ESS Assessment
Scenario – modeling
adaptation
Scenario I
SP 2
SP 3
WaterMT
SP1
LUCIA
SP 5
Bio-physical Assessment
SP 6
Stakeholder Workshops
SP 9
micro-economic analysis
SP 7 Welfare Economic
Valuation
PMC
InVest
SP 4
Impact Assessment
stakeholder
adaptation
SP 8 and all
Stakeholder Process
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region

18. 1. Water: Provisioning – surface water, non-drinking
Benefit
Biophysical
ESF
•
•
•
•
•
precipitation
Evaporation
Run off
Land Cover
Transpiration
value
Aquatic food
ressources
Benefit
ESS
•
workshop
InVest
Hydroelectric
power
generation
value
InVest
Water yield
•
Benefit
Provisioning of
surface water
for non-drinking
purposes
Agricultural
use
•
•
•
value
workshop
Agricultural use
Aquatic food
resources
Hydroelectric
power
generation
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
•
•
•
Hydropower
Irrigation of rice
paddies
Nutritional
diversification

19. 5. Carbon: Regulation – Ventilation and transpiration
Benefit
Biophysical
local water
balance
value
workshop
ESF
•
•
•
•
precipitation
Evaporation
Land Cover
Transpiration
ESS
•
•
•
Photosynthesis
Biomass
production
Gas exchange
rates
•
Benefit
analysis
value
CO² fixation
InVest
Benefit
Mediation of gas
flows
transpiration
rates
•
•
•
value
workshop
Biomass
accumulation
Rubber yield
Water resources
SURUMER – Sustainable Rubber Cultivation in the Mekong Region
•
•
•
Income
Quality of water
resources
Improved
management
options