Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil: reconciling social and ecological functions to upsca
1. Agroforestry systems for restoration in Brazil:
reconciling social and ecological functions to upscale
Andrew Miccolis
ICRAF Brazil
COP 25 Madrid
December 12, 2019
3. Objetives of restoring environmentally sensitive areas โ
social and ecological functions (Brazilian Forest Code)
โข Maintenance of the original ecosystem structure and functions
โข Biodiversity (habitat, migratory corridors, gene flow)
โข Soil structure and fertility, nutrient cycling
โข Water infiltration/water recharge, erosion control
โข Buffer strips
โข Social and economic functions (family farming)
Restoration through Agroforestry Systems
โข Perform these functions
โข can render restoration economically feasible
โข Include humans in restoration and conservation
โข accelerate natural succession (through management)
โข Improve farmer livelihoods and quality of life
Thus, human beings need to be included in restoration and
can contribute to advancing succession of species
5. Okโฆ.butโฆ
โข Which systems balance trade-offs between social and
environmental functions, between costs and benefits?
โข How to balance these trade-offs in practice?
6. Passive methods Active methods
Cost/
ha (R$)
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Costs of ecological restoration using different methods
Source: Miccolis et al 2019, in prep
7. Climate Change
โ MITIGATION
โข High C sequestration potential
โข Increases organic soil carbon
โข Lower emissions Vs slash and burn
or monocultures with chemical inputs
โ ADAPTATION
โข Modifies microclimate: protects sensitive crops, windbreak, lower
temp and higher humidity
โข Increases resilience (plants and farmers), extends harvest season,
alleviates extreme events (prolonged droughts, floods)
(Tito et al., 2011; Silva et al., 2011; Nunes & Vivan, 2011; Jacobi et al.,
2013; Torres et al., 2014; Fernandes et al., 2014; Marinho, 2014)
9. Social and Economic Benefits
โข Increases food security and sovereignty
(diversity, quality, independence)
โข Reduces risks and vulnerabilities to shocks and stresses
โ economic risks of investing
โ Market and policy fluctuations
โ Pests and disease
โ Extreme climate events
โข Reduces need for external inputs
โข Distributes labor/income throughout the year
(Ayres, 2008; Padovan et al., 2009; Santos, 2010; Barbieri &
Valdivia, 2010; Vivan, 2010; Steenbock et al., 2013; Fonini,
2014; Mendes et al., 2014; Vira et al., 2015)
10. Social and economic benefits
โข Working in the shade, quality of life, self-esteem,
well being, leisure, culture
โข Strenghtens social cohesion, unity
โข Maintenance of agro-biodiversity
11. Environmental and social objectives
of AFS
Objectives
Envirionmental Social and economicSocio-environmental
Benefits
Management
13. Oil Palm + Agroforestry
โSAFDendรชโ Project
โข Annual crops: 3-4 years (cassava,
maize, short-cycle legumes)
โข Fruit trees/cash crops: cacao, aรงaรญ
(euterpe oleracea), banana, bacaba
(oneocarpus bacaba), black pepper
โข Timber, fertilizer trees
โข Intense management, slash-and-
mulch
โข Organic/agroecological systems (no
chemical inputs)
โข First of its kind
Photos: Andrew Miccolis
Tomรฉ Aรงu, Parรก, Brazil
14. What are key constraints in different links of web?
How do these constraints vary across the landscape/per value web?
Middlemen
Independent
producers
(isolated)
APRAFAMTA /
MRITIPITANGA
Members of
Small
Cooperatives
CAMTA
Registered
CAMTA
suppliers
CAMTA
members
Local Trade
Quatro Bocas
e TA
National and
international
markets
Production
Marketing
processing
Markets
KEY CONSTRAINTS
โข Vary greatly from chain to chain, geo location
and farmer types, BUTโฆ
โข Overall, great dependence on middlemen
โข Greatest constraint for fruit pulps = processing +
โข Low level of social organization
โข Access to credit (due to high default, procedural
barriers)
โข technical assistance/extension for biodiverse AF
MAPPING OIL PALM AGROFORESTRY VALUE CHAINS in NE Parรก State
Passionfruit
Acai palm (Euterpe oleracea)
Cassava
Cupuaรงu (Theobroma
grandiflorum)
Cocoa
Black pepper
What are the key ingredients of inclusive oil palm agroforestry business model?
Oil palm
Inclusive business model?
โข Optimal size of AF + OP for family farmers to
establish/yr?
โข Technological package: use of inputs/labor for
other crops?
โข How to share risks and benefits?
Oil Palm Agroforestry Value Web in Brazil