Intro Ch 18 Strayer

1. The Industrial Revolution
(W. Europe, U.S., Russia, & Japan)
Late 18th century through the
19th century

2. “No movement in human history did
more than the Industrial Revolution to
change the way people live. It has
provided humanity with great benefits,
and at the same time, it has destroyed
people with its less fortunate
consequences.”

3. Industrialization started in Great Britain, then
spread to other parts of Western Europe, the
U.S., Japan, & Russia in the 18th century.
 Industrialization led
to new patterns of
production that
changed how goods
were made &
consumed.

4. home to factory production

5. Machines using fossil fuel powered
engines were used to increase
production (replacing human,
animal, and water power).

7. Textile Industry in Britain: where
the industrial revolution began.

8. A 2nd industrial revolution led to new
methods in producing steel, chemicals,
electricity and precision machinery.

9. Factors leading to the rise of
industrial production . . .
 Abundance of rivers & canals and access
to coal, iron, & timber
 Population increases and urbanization
 Improved agricultural production
 Legal protection of private property
 Access to foreign resources
 Accumulation of capital

10.  Development of the factory
system concentrated labor
and led to an increasing
degree of specialization of
labor.

11. Women in the workplace

12. Children in the workplace.

13. Developments in transportation and
communication. A “smaller”
world.
 Railroads, Steamships
 Canal networks
 Telegraph

14. The Industrial Revolution brought other
CHANGES in Western Europe (and later
Japan):
 Urbanization
 Nations’ wealth and power became
increasingly dependent on industry.*
*agriculture and land control still extremely
important

15.  Social classes changed (new groups
with new influence):
 New members of the upper and
middle class (owners, managers,
skilled workers)
 Urban workers

16. Other CHANGES from the
Industrial Revolution. . .
 Patterns of urban society and family
dynamics were changed forever.
For example:
 Public education
 Pace of life increased . . . Life on the clock,
less rest.
 Children not as dependent on their parents

17. HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION
DESTROYED:
For the lower classes:
bad working conditions
 Pace of work
 repetitiveness and
tediousness of work
 lack of safety standards
in equipment and
pollution

18. HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION
DESTROYED:
For the working class:
 low wages
 little job security (even
if injured or sick)

19. HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION
DESTROYED:
 there were few laws against overuse and
abuse of natural resources

20. HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION
DESTROYED:
 the early
industrial
economy was
unstable
 rapid
urbanization led
to problems in
living conditions

21. RESPONSES . . . To the changes
 Government expanded its influence.
 Reforms to change problems in
industry and cities came from
governments and individuals.
 Workers responded in different ways-
 Unionization
 Created or joined radical groups
 People offered new philosophies about
economy and politics in the industrial
age.

22.  To meet the need
for investments in
all levels of
industry,
financiers
developed
various financial
institutions.

23. The Bottom Line
 “Industrialized” nations were
able to make better stuff faster
than anywhere else in the world.
 Global trade changed as
industrialists sought raw
materials and new markets for
factory goods.

25. Some Continuities…
 Patriarchy
 Working classes remained in the lower classes
 Long hours, low wages, and child labor for the
poor
 Nobility retained their position in upper class
 Land continued to be a source of wealth and
status
 Agriculture continued to be an important part of
the economy, if not the basis of the economy.