Most Influential Turning Points During The Second...

Most Influential Turning Points During The Second...
Historical questions:
· SLIDE 1: Specifics of the historical topic or issue
1. WHO was involved?
–The two groups involved in this historical issue were factory workers and business owners.
Business owners who had selfish ideals and didn't care about the safety of their employees because
they were clouded by greed.
2. WHAT happened?
–During this time factory workers faced harsh working conditions and had low paying wages. They
weren't given basic rights as workers and they were certainly not protected. The conditions they had
to work in were horrible having due that there weren't any reliable emergency exits and they were
exposed to unsafe, dangerous equipment. In many cases workers lost limbs or were seriously ...
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This is when the US started overflowing with new urban cities, where factories were built. New
technologies and machines were introduced during this time, which made the US the ideal trading
partner. This drastic advancement led to overproduction but most importantly it caused the blood
and tears of deprived factory workers.
· SLIDE 3: Causation
8. Why did it happen?
–I believe that this event happened because of the ideology, Laissez Fare. This ideology supported
the privacy and liberty to all business owners. In other words the government was not actively
involved in the way these owners ran their factories and they were most definitely not concerned
with how factory workers were treated. Instead government officials ignored the problems within
these factories and showed zero importance towards workers well–being. There did not exist any
laws or rules that limited business owners authorities of their factories.
9. How did the context/events of the time period lead to this event?
–The need for advancing and introducing mass production is what enabled such event to occur.

Without this need, factories probably wouldn't have been created and business owners wouldn't have
reasons to act
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How Did Great Britain Contribute To The Second Industrial...
In the 1700s, improvements in agricultural practices and a boom in the population allowed Great
Britain to industrialize. As people were able to buy food at lower prices with less labor, there was in
increase of people who contributed to the surplus of labor in growing factories. Great Britain had
investments in industrial machines and factories, as well as an efficient central bank and credit
facilities that allowed an environment in which people were in favor for innovative ideas. The nation
had an abundant amount of mineral sources that were needed in the manufacturing process, which
also led to the country having excellent exports and a ready outlet for the shipment of goods. As
time went on, the Second Industrial Revolution came to be.

What Are The Causes Of The Second Industrial Revolution
The second Industrial Revolution was responsible for evoking great change in the United States of
America. It was a time when the very fabric of America was being redesigned and improved upon.
Populations were beginning to gravitate towards large urban areas, such as New York and
Philadelphia, and the economy was becoming more industrial–based. Farming was becoming less of
a priority, as more Americans became determined to find factory jobs. The country was beginning to
modernize. The introduction of big business and labor unions was able to revolutionize The United
States' economy and society. By the late nineteenth century, the American economy had experienced
a complete change; individual companies were beginning to take control of market and reconstruct
the way businesses were run. The entrepreneurs who took ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Capitalists were able take control of the economy by using new techniques and technologies to
create jobs, as well as take over competing businesses. Business tycoons were also able to improve
other businesses and industries by hiring independent companies, like security agencies, to help
them control their workers' disputes. Labor unions were created by laborers who were unhappy with
their working conditions. Workers were able to protest big businesses by refusing to work, creating
unrest in American society over the rights and treatment of workers. The relationship between
laborers and capitalists is like that of the Occupy Wall Street movement, where there was a large
amount of strife in the working class about the distribution of wealth. Much like the industrial
workers, the Occupy protesters were unhappy about the social and economic inequality between
themselves and the one–percent. Despite the unruly relationship between capitalists and their
workers, both groups were able to change the United States' economy and society for the

Second Industrial Revolution Essay
An Industrial Revolution is the "change in social and economic organization that resulted from the
replacement of the hand tools with machines and from the development of large–scale industrial
production" (Danzer R50). The Second Industrial Revolution happened nearly one hundred years
later after the First Industrial Revolution in England during the 1760s (Fagnilli 7). The Second
Industrial Revolution was the cause of new inventions, government support for business, common
natural resources, and increasing population (Fagnilli 7). The Industrial Revolution in the United
States had impact on the economy, cities, workers, and environment (Fagnilli 7). The Second
Industrial Revolution in the United States was paramount to changes ... Show more content on
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During the Second Industrial Revolution the work conditions in the big factories was very poor. In
the dangerous factories there were over two thousand deaths and twenty thousand injuries per year
(Fagnilli 7). The majority of the workers in the poor work conditioned factories were immigrants
(Fagnilli 7). In the Central Pacific, factories workers were mostly immigrants of Chinese or
Hispanic descent (Fagnilli 7). In the Union Pacific, factories workers were mostly Irish, African
American, or Civil War Veterans (Fagnilli 7). The Chinese workers that worked in the west made
around thirty dollars per month (Fagnilli 7). The average white worker would make around forty to
sixty dollars per month with meals includes (Fagnilli 7). The factory owners would discriminate
against people by their race. The conditions inside the factories were horrible, they called them
sweatshops. A sweatshop is a shop or factory in which employees work for long hours at low wages
and under unhealthy conditions (Merriam–Webster). The poor work conditions and low wages in the
workplace is what caused many strikes throughout the nation, leading to union's. In the Second
Industrial Revolution there was a great deal of work being done but the workers had to go through
poor work conditions to be able to have a meal on the table for there family. In the 1860s through
the 1900s, the working person was greatly impacted by the Second Industrial Revolution.

Second Industrial Revolution Research Paper
1– When was the Second Industrial Revolution and what features presented? The Second Industrial
Revolution occurred during the last third of the nineteenth and early twentieth century (mainly
between 1875 and 1914). It was characterized by a set of technical and industrial innovations based
on cheap steel, chemistry, electricity, oil, internal combustion engine, the new modern enterprise and
new types of work management and industrial organization. It is basically a "technological
revolution", which is distinguished by its ability to transform the productive system of an economy
(industrialized) as a whole, and has a global influence on economic growth in the socio–institutional
forms and the regime capital accumulation. A unique feature of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The situation began to change with the independence revolution, which freed the territory of British
mercantilism. Between late 1780 and 1920, industrial production grew considerably; mainly
highlights the great development that reached the manufacturing sector with the leadership of the
textile industry (between 1820 and 1860); this growth was enhanced by the construction of railways
(from 1830). In the period 1840–1860 industrialization was based mainly on the production of
consumer goods (cotton textiles, footwear, leather, iron and machinery). Between 1860 and 1914 a
stage of US assertion came as an industrial nation. The domestic market has expanded considerably
due to population growth (development and expansion from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast),
the development of the railway network and use of the telegraph and the high salaries paid to
employees. At this stage the leadership passed into the hands of producers of capital goods. The
massive nature of the market was a prerequisite for the development of production and distribution
on a large scale salient features of American

The Major Effects Of The Second Industrial Revolution
The second industrial revolution was the change of our world even though many people moved from
rural homes into cities because they can't get accepted in jobs and it started in the 1870–1944 after
the civil war because " during this time, many advances in technology and factories made it easier
and quicker for farmers and manufactures to produce more goods and products to be sold."
There was also one major effect that caused the second industrial revolution which was immigration
and this had many benefits such as the beginning of new ideas, innovations, and inventions because
many people were coming from different civilization around the world with creativity to America.
During the working conditions of the second industrial revolution there ... Show more content on
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"As the growth of industrial development increased so did the accumulation of massive industries
and corporations". This had changed The United States of America into being urbanized instead of
being a rural area. Then many businessmen like Andrew Carnegie, John D Rockefeller, and
Cornelius Vanderbilt had big industrial tycoons which had a massive benefit for them and for their
society because they had an increase in mass production which ultimately changed the face of the
United States of America from being a rural society into being an urban society. Family relations
started to weaken during the second revolution in America and New England because with new
employment opportunities for women, men and children in New England and America, families had
the ability to become free or separate from each other, move away, or have an employment in which
their gender or age might not have otherwise allowed today. "In short, the Industrial Revolution in
early America created a standard of hard work, individuality, and in some cases, an equal amount of
importance dedicated to career and family." All in all, the second industrial revolution was
essentially a positive thing because many benefits came out of it such as new ideas, innovations, and
inventions. Every new thing they had discovered led to a newer discovery. This is why we have all
of the advances in technology, machinery, and

How Did The Second Industrial Revolution Affect Society
The Second Industrial Revolution tremendously helped our society become what it is today. Before
it occurred, the universe was believed to work like a machine. It has reshaped society through the
different inventions and ideas that were made. The Second Industrial Revolution also had ideas and
inventions that hurt society. Although the Second Industrial Revolution has led to poor thoughts, it
has made our society extremely advanced because of new social thoughts, inventions made by
people, and different advances in human rights. The social classes and thoughts immensely changed
during the Second Industrial Revolution. Social Darwinism became more popular, racism and
feminism were invented and the lives of all different races and genders

Second Industrial Revolution: The Gilded Age
The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the "Gilded Age," was a time period after
reconstruction to World War I. This period was a time when new technologies helped bring about
urbanization and make it possible for innovations in technology. It was also a time when many
monopolies came about in the United States economy. Some of the major industries that came about
was oil, railroads, finance, and most importantly steel. These industries were mainly dominated by
one large company, or a monopoly, that was about to control prices on these materials. The owners
of these monopolies were extremely rich men, and while monopolies are now considered illegal,
back then, they weren't. The Second Industrial Revolution brought about many changes

Andrew Carnegie and the the Second Industrial Revolution...
Andrew Carnegie and the the Second Industrial Revolution Andrew Carnegie, the "King of Steel",
the benevolent employer, the giant of industry, was among the greatest influences of the second
industrial revolution. It is sometimes questioned whether Carnegie was the ruthless, sneaky steel
tyrant some made him out to be, or the generous, benevolent education benefactor he appeared to
be. I believe him to be a combination of both, but more so the great giant of industry. Carnegie was
the classic rags to riches story, the penniless immigrant who made it big in the land of opportunity.
Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and migrated to America in 1848 at the age of 13. His
first job was in a cotton mill, earning a measly $1.20 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As young as 33, Carnegie was pulling in an annual income of $50,000 a year, a huge amount at that
time, and this was enough for him. Carnegie was a firm believer that anyone could make it to the
top, and that it was the wealthys' duty to help the poor work towards a more comfortable life.
Carnegie said that "the man who dies rich, dies disgraced." This is a greedy, unselfish philosophy
that a robber baron could not conceive. Without Carnegie, the steel industry, and the second
industrial revolution in general, would never have progressed as much as it did. Carnegie did what
was necessary to make the steel industry more productive and more efficient, for less money. He
was a shrewd, ruthless, businessman who's aggressiveness made the steel, railroad, and oil industries
so economically successful. These characteristics, though not always looked upon as nice or
sympathetic, were sometimes necessary. He had paid his time as a poor factory boy, and now it was
his turn to live comfortably and aid others less fortunate to work towards the same success. I feel
that Carnegie was a very generous and benevolent philanthropist in his giving of hundreds of
millions of dollars to schools, libraries, arts and music centers, and other educational and
recreational facilities. However, I believe it would have been more ethical to be more

Essay on Women in the Second Industrial Revolution
Women in the Second Industrial Revolution
The Second Industrial Revolution had a major impact on women's lives. After being controlled fro
so long women were experiencing what it was like to live an independent life. In the late nineteenth
century women were participating in a variety of experiences, such as social disabilities confronted
by all women, new employment patterns, and working class poverty and prostitution. These
experiences will show how women were perceived in the Second Industrial Revolution.
Women were confronted by many social obligation in the late nineteenth century. Women were
living lives that reflected their social rank. They were expected to be economically dependent and
legally inferior. No ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, women generally socialized with one another, it was unheard of for a woman and a man to
socialize unless her husband was with her.
The nineteenth century brought about a change in women's education. Common schools were
established in the 1820's, which started to close the educational gap between men and women.
Eventually, women were able to take over teaching jobs because it dealt with child nurturing, which
was considered to be a female job. On woman who made a difference in women's rights during the
nineteenth century was Susan B. Anthony. In 1872, she felt that women perceived the government as
having no just powers.
The Second Industrial Revolution saw an expansion in the variety of jobs available to women. There
was a movement that consisted of women getting jobs as office clerks and administrative positions
while the law still saw them as inferior to their husdands and fathers. The League of German
Women's Associations, was a group of German women that gave support to all the women in their
new careers.
The wartime jobs produced lasting careers and life–style changes for women. Some of the jobs they
did were telephone operators, factory workers, seamstresses, and physicians. Most of the women
that were hired for these jobs were young and unmarried because they had fewer obligations to
attend. This meant, they could work long hours with little pay since they did not have a family to
provide for. It was

The Role Of Cotton Related Trading In The First And Second...
Conclusion
This paper provided an overview of the cotton and cotton related trading in the first and second
industrial revolution. Through the lens of cotton industry, a clear picture of the development of
global trading system and globalisation can be more clearly projected. Before the first industrial
revolution, the trading system in the world was not that well–developed and complicated. The East
India Companies which led by different colonial powers were the main actors on the trading system
at that time, and India was the major exporter of cotton goods which Britain was one of the main
cotton textile importers, since India have geographical advantages, the good quality raw cotton and
the advanced textile production knowledge. However,

Industrialization Of The Second Industrial Revolution
The Second Industrial Revolution, which reached its peak during 1870 to 1914, marked a significant
turning point in American history. Before this era of progression and industrial excellence, America
was on the verge of expansion like never before. From the vast amounts of land gained through the
Annexation of Texas in 1845, the British retreating from Oregon in 1846, and the Mexican cession
of Southwest territory guaranteed by the treaty of Guadalupe–Hidalgo of 1848, (Engelman) America
was able to expand their territory and access new resources. Industrialization and factory growth in
the North was just budding and beginning to create economic success, along with spurring a rise of
urbanization and migration of foreign workers to America. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Other plentiful resources include coal, iron, oil, and ore (Pacheco). The utilization of these resources
led to a variety of new inventions. Using iron, one valuable invention that was created to make
agriculture more efficient was the iron bladed plow, created by Jethro Wood in 1819, that could
plow through all types of fields (Alchin). Perhaps the most important advancement was the
development of railroads, such as between 1863 and 1869 when the first transcontinental railroad
was built using iron. This railroad linked the east and west–the Atlantic to the Pacific–which was a
true phenomenon during this time (Alchin). Both these revolutionary creations, the bladed plow and
the transcontinental railroad, among many others, allowed the economy to prosper, due to the use of
the natural resources. The railroad increased efficiency and wealth for citizens nationwide, as this
"opened up new markets for farmers, industrialists, and bankers who could now bring crops and
cotton from the Mississippi River Valley, wheat in the Midwest, and manufactured goods in upstate
New York into a global market based on credit" (Engelman). Another significant reason why our
economy prospered during this revolution was the expanding labor force available to work in
factories to mass–produce products. The opportunity to work in industrial factories attracted
millions around the world, which lead to a population explosion within cities, as almost "11

What Was The Second Industrial Revolution
The Second Industrial Revolution occurred in Europe towards the end of the 19th century around
1871. This was a moment in time when new products were created. This new products that were
invented revolutionize factories and people's lives (Spielvogel 691). The creation of these products
allowed workers to manufacture different products at faster speeds. It also created new job
opportunities for the people and a growth of machinery was seen. One of the first products that was
created during this time was the replacement of steel for iron (Spielvogel 691). These new ways of
molding the steel allowed for easier and faster construction of new and different devices. Inventions
such as railways, ships, military weapons and equipment were produced

The Second Industrial Revolution
MODULE 4 ASSIGNMENTS
1. The 2nd Industrial Revolution Charts:
The Electrical Industry
Positive effects Negative effects
Makes transport a lot easier It is experience to own
Heating Factories makes fumes
Computers wound not work without it Living is so easy it makes us easy–going, overweight and
sluggish
Chemicals and Plastics
Plastic is very useful in the building and construction, electronics, packaging, transportation
industries. It is a compound that is indestructible, even when it is melted the compound gas that is
gives off is very harmful to our health and environment
Plastics are very handy, cheap and reusable Pollution
Chemicals extend shelf life and allow food to be stored longer. Chemicals can cause reactions in
people and animals.
The Internal Combustion Engine
The automobile would not be possible without it Pollution
Air planes would not possible without it The average person cannot fix it.
It was lighter and cheaper than the stream engine May not last longer than diesel engines
2. From Instructor's notes: First, explain in your own words why people were seeking to replace the
steam engine during the 1800s. Then, for the second part of the question, choose either Gottleib
Daimler or Rudolf Diesel and explain his contributions to the Second Industrial Revolution in your
own words. Of course it should be larger than just one or two sentences.
For the most part, the steam engines were

Nikola Tesla's Second Industrial Revolution
Rohan Nipunge
Mrs. Pellegrino/Dr. McCord
Honors Humanities 9
27 October 2016
The War of Currents (Thomas Edison vs. Nikola Tesla)
Thomas Edison was not the true inventor and genius behind the light bulb because his inventions did
not severely affect the world and was not the man that we think of today; Nikola Tesla on the other
hand was a futuristic man who transformed the 1880's and beyond like no other. The War of
Currents was a rivalry that broke out during the late 1880's when Nikola Tesla irately resigned from
Edison's company after resolving issues with his Direct Current. Tesla had a strong passion to
change the world especially with his Alternating Current which transformed the United States better
than ever, proving Edison to be less ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chicago World Exposition was a noteworthy event during the time period and whoever got the
contract to light up the fair was said to be the true genius behind electricity; competition was
extremely fierce and confidence and dedication from both parties finally resulted in a win for
Westinghouse and Tesla. "After a long dispute with Thomas Edison about the best way to distribute
electricity, Westinghouse had won the contract to power the fair" (McPherson 6). Unfortunately, this
proved that Edison had lost the battle; the DC was not the solution to triumph for the future of the
United States giving Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse the path to the future of a technology
that revolutionized history. The Tesla Coil was another device that Tesla innovated later in his
career; this was capable of producing high–voltage, low–current, alternating–current electricity;
simply making his efficient technology more efficient. According to the Unarius Academy of
Science, "To Tesla, earth or ground was a better conductor of electrical energy than was the air or
atmosphere! He was a brilliant pioneer investigating new avenues of mechanical and electrical
resonances and introducing new ways to use electrical energy" ("Tesla Coil"). Tesla always looked
up to

How Did The Second Industrial Revolution Affect The Economy
In the late 1800s, technological innovations began to revolutionize American lives. Every aspect of
the US was changed dramatically. Modern businesses started and replaced aged ones. Americans
were able to live more productively. However, this sudden progress for the American citizens
seemed to strike the U.S. government during a time when they weren't equipped. The U.S.
government had just finished recovering from the Civil War and was not prepared to deal with all
these new advancements. Even though the second Industrial Revolution of machinery had a
beneficial impact on the US economy in the late 1800s and early 1900s, it was limited, and the lack
of government regulation essentially hurt the country's development as a whole.
New advancements made an influential impact on the U.S. economy and led to its initial success.
The rail business expanded greatly after the Civil War. Transcontinental lines linked the East and
West and by 1870, railroads could carry goods and passengers from coast to coast. Railroads served
as a cheaper way to transport goods and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the static money supply in the 1880s, farmers suffered from a deflationary impact on the price
of goods. They were forced to grow three times their products in order to pay off their mortgages
with its high interest rates. The enlarged national market became an issue when Americans began
buying imported goods rather than domestic goods. Farmers were left with a surplus of goods, but
no consumers. Eventually, the government decided to step in and place the Mckinley Tariff on all
foreign goods in an effort to get Americans to begin buying more domestic goods. However, the
tariff not only indirectly reduced the national market, but also hurt the farmers because they were
unable to keep up with the rising prices of imported farm machinery. The second Industrial
Revolution was only able to briefly benefit the U.S.

The Causes Of The Second Industrial Revolution
1 Second Industrial Revolution: Following the first Industrial Revolution, the Second Industrial
Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, proceeded to emerge at the tail–end of the
19th century, going into the 20th century. Like the First Industrial Revolution, this revolution
provided an advancement of technology, but with more tedious inventions. These advancements
helped America pave ways for better communication with the telegraph, updated sanitation elements
such as water supplies and sewage systems, and cumulated a new wave of globalization. 2 Knights
of Labor: the Knights of Labor started out as a group of tailors who met in secrecy to provides the
workforce with fair rules and regulations such as fair pay and and no child labor laws. This is
important to modern day society because it sets a standard in the workplace for equality for all
sexes, genders, and ages. 3 Haymarket Riot: In 1886, labor rights movements were on a course to
change unconstitutional labor laws. At one of the rallies, an unknown person threw a bomb at the
police, leading to eight deaths. With no evidence, the police persecuted multiple labor rights
activists, setting back the progression of fair workplaces. 4 American Federation of Labor: The
American Federation of Labor emerged a one of the first labor unions of the late 1800's. It was
formed to meet immediate demands of workers, which pleased politicians in a way in which they
would not have to meet unrealistic

Women And Their Roles During The Second Industrial Revolution
Women and Their Roles in the Second Industrial Revolution When discussing history, it is often
assumed that the history of men is also the history of women. Historians often forget that women
constantly experience historical processes differently because of the roles that they play and their
biological differences. The second Industrial Revolution affected women uniquely, and their
involvement and contributions were distinctive as well. The second Industrial Revolution lead to
many advantages and disadvantages for women, it changed the types of work women performed,
changed their attitudes about working, men's attitudes towards them working, and their status and
function in the family structure was transformed as well. Along with the technical and economic
advancements during the Industrial Revolution was a social change that occurred for women, being
the impetus for more progressive movements, empowerment, and the fight for equality in a
patriarchal society. Throughout time, there have been many revolutions; the Puritan Revolution, the
French Revolution, Urban Revolution, Commercial Revolution, Scientific Revolution, and
Computer Revolution to name just a few. "Of all these nonpolitical revolutions, the one with the
longest and widest currency is doubtless the Industrial Revolution" (Stewart, pg. 1). It is important
to understand the historical background of the revolutions to make more sense of why women held
the roles they did and how things really changed for them.

Second Industrial Revolution
Explain one impact of the second industrial revolution of American society?
By 1890, the richest 1 percent of Americans received the same total income as the bottom half of the
population and owned more property than the remaining 99 percent. Many of the wealthiest
Americans consciously pursued an aristocratic lifestyle, building palatial homes, attending exclusive
social clubs, schools, and colleges, holding fancy–dress balls, and marrying into each other's
families. One of the era's most widely publicized spectacles was an elaborate costume ball organized
in 1897 by Mrs. Bradley Martin, the daughter of a New York railroad financier. The theme was the
royal court of pre revolutionary France. The Waldorf–Astoria Hotel was decorated to look ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Laws and local customs requiring the separation of the races had numerous precedents. In 1896, in
the landmark decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, the Court gave its approval to state laws requiring
separate facilities for blacks and whites. The case arose in Louisiana, where the legislature had
required railroad companies to maintain a separate car or section for black passengers. A Citizens
Committee of black residents of New Orleans came together to challenge the law. To create a test
case, Homer Plessy, a light–skinned African–American, refused a conductor's order to move to the
"colored only" part of his railroad car and was arrested. The lone dissenter, John Marshall Harlan,
reprimanded the majority with an oft–quoted comment: "Our constitution is color–blind."
Segregation, he insisted, sprang from whites' conviction that they were the "dominant race" (a
phrase used by the Court's majority), and it violated the principle of equal liberty. To Harlan,
freedom for the former slaves meant the right to participate fully and equally in American society.
As Harlan predicted, states reacted to the Plessy decision by passing laws mandating racial
segregation in every aspect of southern life, from schools to hospitals, waiting rooms, toilets, and

How Did The Second Industrial Revolution Change American...
In post–Civil War America, the Second Industrial Revolution changed society in all aspects.
Technological innovation, particularly, allowed for aggressive westward expansion and the creation
of the American millionaire encouraged American settlers further. Expansionism was merciless,
destroying local environments and causing sporadic negotiation with the Amerian Indian groups that
were the first to experience the negative effects of industrialization. A combination of government
corruption, changing policies, and aggressive expansionism led to conflicts between white settlers
and American Indian groups. American Indian policy in the US had been ever–changing but as
westward expansion began the reservation system, rather than cohabitation, was the most popular
method for the theoretical protection of native groups. Disregarding the shortcomings of the
reservation system, American Indians could live and practice their beliefs as they always ... Show
It did, however, further exacerbate already–existing issues. The flawed reservation system did more
than frustrate American Indians; many died from lack of resources that were promised to them. The
treaties that allowed whites to take native homelands often assured that on reservations, American
Indians would be provided with resources and money. The reality, however, was that federal agents
tasked with overseeing reservations often pocketed the funds and didn't care to ensure other
resources were provided. As a result, many American Indian groups were forced to leave the
reservations or face starvation, but the damage wrought by expansionism often meant depleted
resources even off reserved land. The conditions on reservations and aggressive expansionism
encouraged the Ghost Dance movement, which was a spiritual practice that sought to resurrect bison
populations and push whites back to

The Second Industrial Revolution
Following the civil war, the modern economy emerged in the United States. Firstly, the Second
Industrial Revolution brought a bunch of technological innovations which were critical to the
economic growth of the late nineteenth century. The completion of the transcontinental railroads, the
improvements in steamship technology, and the remote communication via telephone cables helped
connect American goods to global markets. Furthermore, the transformations that took place in
American business involved far more than the technological innovations which promoted the
industrial techniques and productivity. There were innovations in finance and business organizations
as well. The development of new financial institutions increased the availability

The Second Industrial Revolution: The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age The Gilded Age was a time period of immense industrialization. Also known as The
Second Industrial Revolution, it took place between the late 1860s up until 1896. The well known
era is when many industrial advancements that would influence the future of America were
developed. A group of industrial magnates acquired massive fortunes in steel, transportation, oil, and
other industries. The lives of many Americans improved dramatically however, this was not the case
for everyone.
Improvements in transportation and energy, played a large role in the Gilded Age. Railroads
expanded and held the growing nation together. New sources of energy sprang up including mass
amounts of coal and oil. Cities grew in population and were built mainly with steel. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rockefeller. Carnegie sold his steel business to the United States Steel Corporation which made him
extremely wealthy. Being a very generous and charitable man, he donated all of his profits to
organizations and people who needed the money more than he did. Carnegie drew his ideas from
social Darwinism, based on the Scientific works of Charles Darwin and natural selection or
"survival of the fittest." Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company. He became easily one of
the wealthiest men in the world and also a major philanthropist .Both Carnegie and Rockefeller
donated much of their wealth to educational, scientific, and religious organizations.
All the new businesses that were coming into existence during this time required a large increase in
labor force. Some skilled laborers wages improved significantly. In general however, workers during
the Second Industrial Revolution experienced working conditions that were undesirable, poor
wages, and long hours. Workers got together to form unions and used collective bargaining, to
bargain for better wages and working conditions. One way they fought for their rights was through

Describe how the second industrial revolution of the late...
Describe how the second industrial revolution of the late nineteenth century differed from the first
industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
This paper intends to compare the first industrial revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries and the
second industrial revolution of the mid–18th and 19th centuries. It will highlight the transformation
from the first revolution to the second revolution, focusing on the presence of giant firms and role of
science and technology in economic activities. Additionally, it will introduce the two worldly
philosophers Karl Marx and Adam Smith on these issues.
The industrial revolution of 17th and 18th centuries saw the transformation of Britain from a
Neolithic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only did the introduction of petrol engines made transportation more faster, it also helped with
the development of the aircraft engine which meant that transportation of good was efficient. The
medical science developed rapidly in 1850s various vaccines were discovered and x–ray facilities
were made available to doctors which created a more efficient way of diagnosing illness. For
instance, the 1919 influenza epidermis saw the development of anti–flu vaccines which made a
remarkable milestone in the development of drugs. Prior to this discoverer it was common
knowledge for people to blame certain aliment and natural occurrences as a punishment on God for
sins committed e.g. 1755 Lisbon earthquake in Portugal. (Auerbach 2013)
The remarkable element of changes in industrial revolution was the sharp increase in output of the
newly technologically advanced industries. In 1701, the importation of raw cotton for spinning
weight 1 million, however, a drastic increase by 1781 was 5million. Likewise textile technology by
1784 it was over 11million pound, nonetheless a massive increase by 1799 to 43million. (Hammond
and Hammond 1937, p 162).
The first industrial revolution emerged with small scale of industry which was managed mainly by
the owners. Consequently, Workers and owners had good relationships, but productivity was low.
However, the second revolution emerged with big

The Social And Social Consequences Of The Second...
The Social and Political Consequences of The Second Industrial Revolution When the first
industrial revolution occurred, transportaiton and production were mainly the forms of change
within Europe. This paved the way for further advancement in transportation and production. In the
later half of the nineteenth century and into the beginning of the long twentieth century, a second
industrial revolution brought new technology and medical advances to Europe. Socialism emerged
to attempt to solve political and social inequalities, leading to socialist policies being put into place.
Medical advances and discoveries in hygiene and public health lead to a decrease in mortality and
and increase in fertility, as well as improve the quality of life. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When Germany was unified in 1871, it soon had an industrial revolution that rivaled other world
super powers, such as Great Britain and France. This threw off the power balance in Europe . In
order to gain more money and resources that may have been depleted over time, countries looked
elsewhere for raw materials (such as coal and rubber) and new markets. The countries associated
with new imperialism were the United States, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Germany . The
United States, Great Britain, Germany and France divided up Africa, which was previously avoided
due to its barren climate. Japan went to Manchuria and Korea, and Russia went to central Asia .
Each went to the areas with goals to establish colonies and take raw materials. This would give the
countries an advantage in trading. For example, countries sought oil in the middle east, Russia
sought fur in Siberia, and timber was sought in

Industrial Revolution Vs Second Industrialization
First, the Industrial Revolution effectively expanded the United States. Without the Industrial
Revolution, railroads would not have come to exist to the extent that they did. Industrialization
allowed the production of huge quantities of rails and of rolling stock to go on those rails. When
railroads spread out across the US, eventually reaching the Pacific, the country's size effectively
increased. Goods from one part of the country could easily be brought to other parts of the country.
This was such an important step in creating a wonderful country.
Second, the Industrial Revolution made cities larger and more important. Before industrialization,
cities had been important as transportation hubs, but had not been major economic engines. During
the Industrial Revolution, cities grew as factories grew faster and attracted workers. The cities also
became more important to the economy because they were the site at which valuable goods were
being produced.
Finally, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many new products were devised, and important advances were made in the system of mass
production. Changes in industry were so great that the period after 1860 has been called the Second
Industrial Revolution. New scientific knowledge was applied to industry as scientists and engineers
unlocked the secrets of physics and chemistry. Great new industries were founded on this scientific
advance: steel, chemicals, and petroleum benefited from new understandings of chemistry;
breakthroughs in the study of electricity and magnetism provided the basis for a large electrical
industry. These new industries were larger and more productive than any industries existing before.
Germany and the United States became the leaders, and by the end of the 19th century they were
challenging Great Britain in the world market for industrial

Child Labor During The Second Industrial Revolution
During the Second Industrial Revolution many people were getting jobs because of the growing
industrialization. By the mid–1800's child labor started to be a major issue. Child labor became a
bigger issue once machines in factories replaced hand labor. Starting in Britain and spreading
throughout Europe and North American many new business and factories started to open. When the
factories started to open they needed more workers for cheap labor. During the Industrial Revolution
child labor increased because of the need for cheap labor, the new inventions and technologies, and
the lack of workers. During the Second American Revolution there was a major increase in the use
of child labor. One of the main reasons child labor increased was because of cheap labor. On a
typical day the children were forced to work from sunrise to sunset. They worked eleven to twelve
hours per day, six days a week. Throughout the day they would get less than one hour for a break.
On average they earned about a dollar every week. Some of the children that were employed were as
young as five years old and were paid these low wages until the age of sixteen. ... Show more
Children all around worked in factories, mines, or in the fields picking cotton. These jobs would
provide them with an income to give to their families. Children were paid only a fraction of what
adults were paid. Most of the time children that weren't getting paid were orphan's. "The factory
owners justified their absence of payroll by saying that they gave the orphans food, shelter and
clothing, all of which were far below par (Child labor in factories)."The items that they could of
made could sell for about 60 dollars and still only get paid about ten

The "Second Industrial Revolution" was also known as the Technological Revolution, and was
fueled somewhere between the 1820s and 1860s. It transformed the United States economically, and
created a new meaning of Production, and Distribution. When people think of the second industrial
revolution, it is usually associated with the Railroad systems, and its significance in massive
production throughout the country. There were other innovations as well as the railroad, such as
steamboats, roads for cars to travel, linking cities to together for faster distribution. Steel was very
popular at the time, even though steel has been being made throughout history; the new
transportation systems played a very significant role in the mass production of

The second industrial revolution refers to the time period of 1870s and 1880's, which profoundly
altered the European life. The major innovations of the second industrial revolution include the
widespread use of steel and electricity in the industries, the perfection of mass production
technology, the rise of technical education in colleges and universities and the growth of a new
professional class in the society (More). It was a period of centralized management and control,
which integrated the means of production, distribution and marketing of goods. The second
industrial revolution resulted in the establishment of urban factories that drove the population from
the rural villages and towns to the urban cities. The new inventions revolutionized ... Show more
It also opened the door to new jobs for women. The First Industrial Revolution led to major political
changes and new liberties in Europe. The two political parties, the Whigs and the Tories dominated
English politics during this period. Industrial revolution emphasized individualism and natural
economic law, supporting the ideas of a planned economy and social cooperation. England
paralleled an incomparable degree of political liberty with economic and social reforms, avoiding
the extremes of the industrial revolution (More). However, political upheaval, wars, fluctuations in
imports and exports resulted in unemployment and widespread distress. Technological
improvements mobilized the factors of production, namely, land, labor and capital. During the First
Industrial Revolution, there was a mutual dependence between industry and commerce; however,
the inadequate communication system could not bring buyers and sellers together (Simpson and
Jones). By the Second Industrial Revolution, the situation changed dramatically with technological
advancements in

Second Industrial Revolution In 1850
Socialism was at its peak during the late years of the 1st Industrial Revolution into the early years of
the second Industrial Revolution that started in 1850. As there was a shift from the oppressive feudal
and agrarian systems of the conservative order, industrial jobs that paid more and produced more
capital for the economy became prominent. Governments were slowly but surely turning into
constitutionalized monarchies, a step up from the absolute monarchies. However the working class
still had most of the short end of the stick when it came to their health and democratic rights. They
were crowded in unsanitary slums, overworked, underpaid for their labor, and overshadowed by the
prioritized wants of the bourgeoisie. Unlike the theories of

How Did Child Labor Occur During The Second Industrial...
During the Second Industrial Revolution many people were getting jobs because of the growing
industrialization. The Second Industrial Revolution was led by the United States causing countless
new business and factories to start opening up. By the mid–1800's child labor started to be an
extensive concern because the factories were both dangerous and disgusting. Child labor became a
substantial matter once machines in factories replaced hand labor because machines were extremely
unsafe. When the factories started to open more workers were needed that would be paid very little.
During the Industrial Revolution child labor increased because of the need for cheap labor, the new
inventions and technologies, and the lack of workers. During the Second American Revolution there
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the industrial revolution there was a mass production of new machines and technologies.
When these new machines were put into factories the owners had to go and find more workers. The
big issue factory owners had was trying to find workers that were willing to work for a low price.
Finding workers that were willing to work for a low price was extremely hard because everyone was
trying to make enough money to support their families. "Poor children and their families relied on
child labor in order to improve their chances of obtaining their chances of obtaining basic
necessities (Child labor public education project)." Trying to find workers that were willing to work
for such little pay wasn't their own problem. They also had to try and find people that had
experience with the machinery. But finding people who had experience with the machinery wasn't
so easy. "One hospital reported that every year it treated nearly a thousand people for wounds and
mutilations caused by machines in factories." (Factory Accidents) Due to the lack of experience
ended with several workers being injured and sometimes even

The Major Factors : The Impacts Of The Second Industrial...
The power of revolution has always been one of the major forces that drive human beings to become
more powerful and more liberal. Revolution often brings people a whole new value toward their
future but usually comes with some other sacrifices. The 'Second industrial revolution', also known
as 'Age of Steel', happened after the year 1850 and it had an enormously huge impact on not only
European nations but also the entire human civilization.
It all began around 1850 when British discovered a method that produced in twenty minutes the
same amount of steel previously produced in twenty–four hours. Due to the breakthrough in the
steel industry, transportations became easier and cheaper than ever before. The rail system and the
creation of steamship became way faster and it speeded up the development of the European
nations. As the textbook mentioned, discovery of gold in California and Australia brought huge
amount of the precious metals into Europe and eventually led to the early establishments of the
modern banking system (Thomas,658).
Industrial revolutions changed the dynamics of the European society. Fewer people worked the land,
more people moved into manufacturing and services industry. The distinctions between nobles and
upper middle class became blurry described by the Authors (Thomas,661). Many aristocrats were
quite poor and noble families often married their children to the offspring of wealthy merchants.
This allowed the upper middle class to become powerful by

Second Industrial Revolution: John D. Rockefeller, Andrew...
The 2nd Industrial Revolution was a period in time where breakthroughs of inventions were further
based off of science and engineering. Certain innovations included the use of oil, the production of
steel, and the construction of railroads. The time the United States faced this transformation was
roughly between 1870s through the 1914s. Three important and influential men that played major
roles during this stage were John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt. The
time period was changed immensely by these men.
John D. Rockefeller owned Standard Oil. He used integration that was both horizontal and vertical
in order to obtain control of the oil industry. Standard Oil developed companies that marketed and
distributed its products and creations and also bought refineries that were rivals. Standard Oil
became a trust given the fact that they forced smaller companies to surrender. During the beginning
of Standard Oil, the reason for its success was because of the favorable industry and economic
conditions and because of Rockefeller's desire and drive to streamline the company's operations.
Even though Standard Oil provided the public with jobs, John D. Rockefeller's impact on this
revolution was not too positive. The people and Congress eventually noticed and ... Show more
He used vertical integration to dominate the steel industry. During the late 1800s, the Carnegie Steel
Company was most profitable industrial enterprise in the world. Even though Carnegie did not
invent steel and the processes that he used were brought over from other places of the world,
including Europe, it is an exceptional popular opinion that Carnegie invented the American Steel
Industry. Carnegie was able to create steel at a fair price which was beneficial to America at the
time. Countless bridges and buildings were capable of being constructed. This behooved the people
in that it led to an economic boom which allowed more jobs

How Did The Second Industrial Revolution Affect The Economy
The United States has had many memorable moments through out its history. The Second Industrial
Revolution was by far one of the most important economic movements. This had change many
peoples lives throughout this period of time. This caused the economy growth to expand crazy and
kept on going. Some main factors to this expansion were natural resources, capitol for investments,
and labor. Now the U.S didn't have to rely on other countries for resources because they were one
third of the worlds output. Rail roads became a huge factor into transporting goods and resources.
The industrial part of the economy expansion was caused by factory production, mining, and rail
roads. With the granted land for rail roads to expand throughout the U.S had

The Limits Of Liberty: A Second Industrial Revolution
In the period between 1890 and America joining the First World War, the United States experienced
dynamic growth. The time became known as a 'Second Industrial Revolution'. The United States
was transformed through population growth, technical innovation, and exploitation of the country's
natural resources. There was an increase in urban populations and range of economic activity.
Extracts 1, 2 and 3 present different views on this era of economic growth. Extract 1 looks at
America's natural resources, the growth of technical ability and industrial capitalism, and the
creation of a continental domestic market. Extract 2 takes a look at the weaknesses of the Gilded
Age economy, which resulted in poverty and periods of depression and panic. Extract ... Show more
The extract claims that the economy of the Gilded Age was structurally weak and based on
"unregulated capital markets and entrepreneurial frenzy", resulting in poverty and depression. It
refers to enterprises such as railroads as being mismanaged, vulnerable, and having a damaging
impact on the economy. The book is from 2009, so has the benefit of hindsight like extract 1. The
book which the extract comes from focuses on the period 1877 to 1920, making the extract more
valuable as it provides a more in–depth look at the era. Additionally, the title of the book may be a
reference to the film "Birth of a Nation" which was about the KKK. This suggests a focus on
divisions within the USA. The content is convincing in providing a critical look at the negative
aspects of the period. The extract brings up "the panic" and the "collapse of the 1890s", referring to
the Panic of 1893, which was followed by a serious economic depression. In addition, the "mass
poverty of the 1890s" links in to the fact that the panic and depression hit the poor the hardest. Even
during times of economic growth, the benefits of growth were shared unevenly and the gap between
rich and poor continued to widen. However, some of the arguments from the extract are less
convincing. The focus on the negative sides of the Gilded Age makes the extract seem unbalanced.
One example is

What Is The Invention Of The Second Industrial Revolution
1712 – The first practical steam engine is invented by Thomas Newcomen. Steam would become an
important source of power for the Industrial Revolution. 1760 – The First Industrial Revolution
begins around 1760 in the textile industry in Great Britain. Over the next decade, manufacturing will
move from hand production in the home to machine production in factories. 1764 – James
Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny allowing a worker to produce multiple spools of thread at the
same time. 1781 – James Watt patents an improved steam engine making it useful as a power source
in factories and other applications such as steam boats and trains. 1779 – The spinning mule is
invented by Samuel Crompton. 1793 – The Industrial Revolution spreads to the United ... Show
1853 – Elisha Otis invents a safety break for elevators making them practical and safe for the first
time. This allows for tall buildings and skyscrapers to be built. 1856 – The Bessemer Process for
making steel is invented by Henry Bessemer. This allowed for the mass production of inexpensive
steel. 1869 – The Transcontinental Railroad is completed. 1870 – Around this time the Second
Industrial Revolution begins. This phase of the Industrial Revolution is characterized by rapid
expansion of new technologies such as the telephone, railroads, and electrical power. 1876 –
Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. 1877 – The Great Railroad Strike occurs when
railroad companies reduce wages. Violence erupts and federal troops are brought in to restore the
peace. 1879 – Thomas Edison invents the first practical incandescent light bulb. It will allow
factories to remain open after dark. 1886 – The American Federation of Labor is formed. 1891 – The
first modern electrical power station is completed to provide power to central London. 1903 – The
Wright Brothers make the first successful airplane flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 1908 –
Henry Ford begins production on the Model T

North: South: West: Midwest: Second Industrial Revolution
2.01 Regions Chart
Aliah Erilas
Week of September 22, 2014
PART 1:
North: South: West: Midwest:
POLITICAL
Was basically the center of industrialization during the second industrial revolution. Because of the
rising change of social and industry they kind of caused friction towards political views. Miners and
steelworkers were the first workers to use the strike ad a bargaining tool against their business
owners. They still had problems with race: they made laws that kept African Americans from
enjoying the new and improved transportation. There were also laws that were discriminatory and
riots because the white people didn't really get along with the immigrants. Labor unions were active
in cities and in rural areas the farmers were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the south, for social, they still had problems with race. New laws made it hard for southern
African Americans to enjoy the improvements of transportation. Politically, there were laws that
allowed segregation and made it really hard for African Americans to enjoy their free life.
economically, although the south remained mostly agricultural the south began to develop timber
industries, also because there main source of profit was slaved, after slavery was abolished that took
away a lot of the South's major income, also iron and coal deposits in the southern Appalachian
mountains gave rise to steel production in Alabama.
In the North, politically, because of the growth in social change and in industry. Political views were
often being clashed with each other; labor unions were first created in the northeast. Miners and
steelworkers were the first workers to use the strike as a bargaining tool against their bosses.
Socially, because of the growth of industry this resulted in a huge gap between the rich and the poor.
Rich entrepreneurs wanted to increase profits while, the workers wanted better wages, living
conditions and shorter hours. Economically, the north remained the leading industrial region in the
second industrial revolution. New York, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania made more than 85% of
all United States industrial products

Steel During The Second Industrial Revolution
The second Industrial Revolution was an era that created many inventions off of the first Industrial
Revolution, which included refining techniques to chemicals, electricity, transportation, and
production engineering to name a few. One of the most highly technological innovations of the
second Industrial Revolution, however, was the innovation of steel. Steel was used before the
second Industrial Revolution, but was mainly used to make swords and weapons by blacksmiths.
Before the second Industrial Revolution Henry Bessemer writes in his autobiography, "At that date
there was no steel suitable for structural purposes". At the time, anything structural, including
railways, buildings, ships, and bridges were made out of wood and iron because ... Show more
With the technology advancing, the production of material moved from small shops and homes into
large factories for mass–production. This included steel industries that allowed the transfer of
"...manufacturing plants away from naturally flowing waters (outside the city) to areas inside and
around the cities where more abundant labor was available". Even with the pollution becoming a
major problem during the second Industrial Revolution because of all the manufacturing plants
coming into the city, this era laid the foundation for some of the famous and most popular inventions
of today's time. But still during the era of innovations, many inventions would not have been made
possible without the innovation of steel and the Bessemer process. This would be the reason steel
had the most profound impact about the

Second Industrial Revolution
Second US Industrial Revolution, 1870 –1910
Darris Adkins
Abstract
In this brief paper, a description of two developments of industrialization that positively affected the
United States and two developments that negatively affected the United States will be discussed. An
analysis of whether or not industrialization was generally beneficial or detrimental to the lives of
Americans and the history of the United States will be outlined.
Second US Industrial Revolution, 1870 –1910
In this brief paper, a description of two developments of industrialization that positively affected
American lives and a description of two developments of industrialization that negatively affected
American lives will be discussed. Further, an analysis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe that industrialization was generally beneficial to the lives of the American people and the
history of the United States. Several of the advantages are outlined in the above paragraph. Overall,
Americans enjoyed a higher standard of living and a longer life span, thanks to the Industrial
Revolution. "...before the eighteenth century there was no mechanism by which long–term
sustainable growth could take place. By the mid–nineteenth century such growth was an established
fact of life: for the first time rapid population increase was accompanied by sustained growth in
income per person." (More, C. 2000).
In this brief paper, we have discussed two elements of industrialization that positively affected
American lives and two elements of industrialization that negatively affected American lives. One of
these negative elements was the employment of children in the industrial arena. The second negative
aspect was that the roots of our environmentally challenged society stemmed from the Industrial
Revolution.
From a positive stance, American grew and prospered economically, and became a superpower on
the world stage. Laws governing child labor were enacted and in general the population became
healthier and enjoyed a longer life span.
We have also looked at whether or not industrialization was generally beneficial or detrimental to
the lives of

Essay on The Second Industrial Revolution
By the time of the Civil War, the technologies upon which the First Industrial Revolution was based
were established in the United States. In the years following the war, the nation's industrial energies
were focused on completing the railroad and telegraph networks of the North, rebuilding those of
the South, and expanding those of the West. Once the devastating depression of the 1870's depleted,
the stage was set for the Second Industrial Revolution.
New inventions came about to ease the production of goods that were being supplied. The creation
of factories emerged by retailers who were struggling to meet the requirements of the masses
surrounding them. The formation of power driven machinery was initiated in order to compete with
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the late 19'th century, many new immigrants came to America with hopes to escape religious and
political persecution, to find better employment opportunities, for more freedoms, and a chance to
start over again. The immigrant work force grew fast as the demand for factory labor grew. These
immigrants were important to industrialization in the United States. They were willing to work in
unsanitary work conditions for little pay. Because of this, American industries were able to hire
more of these types of workers. Although they were unskilled, the type of jobs they were required to
do were jobs that didn't demand much knowledge.
Workers during the Industrial Revolution had hoped for benefits, such as health, cleaner working
conditions, better pay, and less working hours. Industrial workers often felt overworked because of
the long, stressful hours placed upon them by their employers. Labor unions began to emerge as a
result of the long hours and awful working conditions. These workers were locked up all day in
factories that were eight stories high. They were given absolutely no relaxation until the heavy
engine stopped. After leaving work, they would go home to get refreshed for the next day. This left
these industrial workers with no time for association with their families.
Before the time of industrialization, the United States was an agrarian society. Most of the people
were Protestant, English–speaking, Anglo–Saxons from Northern and

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