This document provides a comparison of the educational systems of Pakistan and Indonesia. It outlines key facts about each country's independence, geography, demography, culture, and educational hierarchy. Regarding education, it describes the structure of primary, secondary, higher and vocational education in both countries. It also discusses examination systems and identifies flaws in each country's educational system such as quality issues, funding gaps, and regional/gender disparities. Recommendations are made to improve Pakistan's educational system by increasing funding and ensuring free compulsory education for all children as mandated by the constitution.

2. COMPARISON OF
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF
PAKISTAN AND INDONESIA

3. PRESENTED BY:
ZAINAB IMRAN
ROLL NO:
2016-1911
SUBMITTED TO:
MAM TAYYABA AKRAM

4. Contents
◦ Why I choose Indonesia?
◦ Independence
◦ Flag Representation
◦ Geography
◦ Demography
◦ Culture
◦ Educational System
◦ Educational Hierarchy
◦ Examination System
◦ Recommendations
◦ Reference

5. Why I Choose Indonesia
◦ Indonesia is an Islamic Country. The reason I choose Indonesia is Its location on Map. Indonesia is an
archipelagic island country in South east Asia, lies between two oceans Pacific and Indian Ocean.
◦ Fourth most populous country.
◦ beaches and volcanoes
◦ High literacy rate
◦ Quality of Education

6. FLAG REPRESENTATION

9. INDEPENDENCE

11. Pakistan
Pakistan achieved independence and was
declared a independent nation following
the end of the British Raj on 14
August1947.
Pakistan came into existence as a result of
the Pakistan Movement, which aimed for
the creation of an
independent Muslim state in the north-
western regions of South Asia via partition.
The movement was led by the All-India
Muslim League under the leadership
of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Indonesia
The Japanese invasion and subsequent
occupation in 1942–45 during WWII
ended Dutch rule, and encouraged the
previously suppressed Indonesian
independence movement. Two days after
the surrender of Japan on August 17,
1945, nationalist leader, Ir. Sukarno,
declared independence and became
president.

12. GEOGRAPHY

13. GEOGRAPHY
Pakistan
Continent Asia
Region South
Asia (Subcontinent).
Provinces: 4
Capital: Islamabad
Area : 796,095 km²
Pakistan is bordered
by India to the
east, Afghanistan to the
west and Iran to the
southwest while China
borders the country in
the northeast.

14. Geography
Indonesia
Continent: Asia
Area: 1.905 million km²
Provinces: 34
Capital: Jakarta
Indonesia is an archipelagic
island country in South east
Asia, lying between the Indian
Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
Indonesia is located in
‘’Pacific Ring Of Fire’’ and
have 150 Volcanoes
According to a geospatial
survey conducted between
2007 and 2010 Indonesia has
13,466 islands

15. DEMOGRAPHY

16. Demographic Facts
Pakistan:
◦ Population 207,774,520 (2017)
◦ Growth rate 2.10 (2016)
◦ GDP per capita 1,468.19 USD (2016)
◦ Birth rate 29.8 births / 1,000 population
(2016)
◦ Death rate 7.5 deaths / 1,000 population
(2016)
◦ Life expectancy 67.7 years (2016)
Fertility rate 2.68 children born / woman
(2016)
Infant mortality rate 53.86 deaths / 1,000
live births (2016)
Official Language Urdu and English
Indonesia
◦ Population: 261.1 million (2016)
◦ Population growth rate: 1.1 (2016)
◦ GDP per capita 1769.42 USD (2016)
◦ Birth rate: 16.4 births/1,000 population (2016
est.)
◦ Death rate: 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2016
est.)
◦ Life expectancy: 69.07 years (2015) World Bank
◦ Fertility rate: 2.44 births per woman
(2015) World Bank
◦ Infant mortality rate: 23.5 deaths/1,000 live
births
◦ Official language: Indonesian

17. Pakistan
◦ President : Mamnoon Hussain
Indonesia
◦ President : Joko Widodo

18. Pakistan
◦ National Animal : Markhoor
Indonesia
◦ National Animal : Komodo Dragon

20. Pakistan
◦ Food: wheat, rice maize and etc
◦ Religion: Islam
◦ Culture :
Pakistani culture is a part of Islamic
civilization which draws its value and traditions
from Islam and rich Islamic history. Majority of
population comprises of Muslims and follows
teachings of Islam.
Pakistani culture is a beautiful blend of the
Punjabi, Sindhi, Pathan, Baluchi, Barohi,
Seraiki and Kashmiri cultures. In addition, the
presence of Hindu community in Sindh gives
touches of dance and music in the Sindhi
region.
Indonesia
◦ Food : yam, sweet potato, potato, taro
and cassava.
◦ Religion: Islam
◦ Culture:
“Unity in diversity”
Almost 300 ethnic groups but all are unite by
their national language.
Indonesia has many cultural practices being
strongly influenced by a multitude of religions,
including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism,
Islam and Christianity, all strong in the major
trading cities. The result is a complex cultural
mixture very different from the original
indigenous cultures.

23. EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM

24. Pakistan
◦ Minister of Education:
Muhammad Baligh Ur Rehman
◦ National Education budget: Rs 2961.926 million
◦ GDP : 2.3%
◦ Literacy Rate
Total 58%
Male 69.6%
Female 42.7%
Indonesia
◦ Minister of Education and Culture:
Muhadjir Effendy
◦ National education budget: IDR 416.1 trillion
◦ GDP: 3.59 %
◦ Literacy (2011)
Total 92.81%
Male 95.59%
Female 90.07%

26. Pakistan
Islamic
Concept
Cultural
Understandi
ng
Curiosity and
Creativity
Social Moral
Development
High
Standard of
Living
Indonesia
Creative
Competent
and
Independent
learner
Civilized
Nation
Enhance
intellectual
capacities
Develop
learners
potentials
Democratic
and
Responsible
citizen

27. Pakistan
◦ Education in Pakistan is overseen by the
Federal Ministry of Education and
the provincial governments, whereas the
federal government mostly assists in
curriculum development, accreditation and in
the financing of research and development.
◦ All citizens must undertake ten years of
compulsory education which consists of six
years at elementary level and three each at
middle and high school levels
◦ The language of Instruction is English and
Urdu.
Indonesia
◦ Education in Indonesia falls under the
responsibility of the Ministry of Education
and Culture and the Ministry of Religious
Affairs.
◦ All citizens must undertake twelve years
of compulsory education which consists of
six years at elementary level and three each
at middle and high school levels.
◦ Islamic schools are under the responsibility
of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Islamic
education is offered at all levels.
◦ The language of instruction is Bahasa
Indonesia, but local regional languages may
be used in the first three years of primary
school.

29. Pakistan
◦ Primary schools, in Pakistan there are a total of
145,829 out of these 86% are in the public sector,
whereas, 14% are in the private sector.
◦ Middle schools 45,680 of which 37% are in public
sector, whereas 63% are in private sector.
◦ High schools 31,740 of which 12,732 schools are
in the public sector, whereas 19,008 are in private
sector.
◦ There are total 163 universities providing their
services in both public and private sector of
education. Out of these universities 91 (56%) are
public sector, whereas 72 (44%) are working under
the supervision of private sector as reflected.
Indonesia
◦ Primary schools 170,000
◦ Junior-secondary schools 40,00
◦ High schools 26,000
◦ 84 percent of these schools are under the Ministry of
National Education (MoNE) and 16 percent under the
Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA).
◦ Private schools only comprise 7% of the total schools
number
◦ Higher education institutions 2,000 only 30 are
public.

30. Pakistan
Article 25-A of Constitution of
Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and
compulsoryeducation to childrens.
◦ "The State shall provide free and compulsory
education to all children of the age of five to
sixteen years in such a manner as may be
determined by law''
Indonesia
◦ Indonesia has an act on Educational System
ACT NO 20 in year 2003.All the educational
organizations must follow the act. In Indonesia,
all citizens must undertake twelve years of
compulsory education.

31. Formal
Education

33. Formal Education
Pakistan
The Education system in pakistan is divided in
to five level:
◦ Primary level (class 1 to 5)
The curriculum includes reading, writing,
arithmetic, general science,
social studies, Islamic education, and
physical education.
◦ Middle level (class 5 to 8)
The curriculum includes the compulsory
subjects of Urdu, English, math, sciences,
social studies, and Islamic studies. Non
Muslims are exempt from Islamic Studies.
Instead they are taught Moral Education.
Indonesia
Basic Education (1 to 6 grade)
Free Education
Curriculum: Indonesian Math Sciece
Basic education in the form:
•Elementary School and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
•Junior High School and Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Secondary Education (6 to 12)
Secondary education is a continuation of basic
education.
Curriculum: Indonesian , Math, Science, English
Secondary education in the form:
1. Senior High School , Madrasah Aliyah
2. Vocational School , Madrasah Aliyah Vocational

34. ◦ Secondary level (9,10th)
Compulsory subjects for all are English, Urdu,
Islamiat, Pakistan studies and math.
In addition, study the following subjects :
Science stream Humanities stream
However, rural areas often offer a limited choice of
subjects due to lack of staff and facilities,
◦ Intermediate level ( 11,12th)
colleges or Univeristes
The students are offered the following subjects
and streams by BISECompulsory subjects for all
groups: English, Urdu, Islamic education and
Pakistan studies
◦ Pre-engineering group
◦ Pre-medical grouP
Higher Education
◦ Higher education includes diplomas, bachelor's, master's, specialist,
and doctoral degrees are held by the college.
◦ Curriculum:
◦ Comman subjects: English Indonsian and Maths.
streams subjects
Natural Sciences Physics chemistry Biology
Social studies Eco. Geo.Sociology
language Indonesian literature, History
ForeignLanguage
Religion
Vocational
Tafsir, Hadith, Kalam, Arabic
History, Vocational Theory,
Vocational Practice

35. ◦ University level (Graduation Master and
Research)
Specialization of a specific subject.
◦ Universities may take the form:
1. academy, 2. polytechnics, 3. high
school, 4. institute, or 5. University

36. Formal and Non Formal Education
Pakistan
◦ Out of formal system, public sectors runs
numerous schools and training centers, most
being vocational-oriented. Among those
institutions can be found:
◦ vocational schools,
◦ technical training centers and
◦ agriculture and
◦ vocational training centers.
◦ Informal education is important in Pakistan
and regroups school-leavers and low-skilled
individuals, who are trained under supervision
of a senior craftsman.
Indonesia
◦ Non-formal education serves to develop the potential of
students with an emphasis on the mastery of knowledge and
functional skills as well as personality development and
professional attitude.
◦ Non-formal education includes:
1. life skills education, 2. early childhood education,
3. youth education, 4. educational empowerment of
women,
5. vocational education and job training,
6. educational equality.

37. Schools in Pakistan
Govt school
◦ Managed and financed by the government
..unfortunately the majority of the school are in
poor condition...There are no any merit system
,teacher and other staff are appointed by the
ministers on their own wishes...
◦ In rural areas,the building of public school are
mostly held by waderas and feudal. They use
them in as marriage hall,
Elite class schools (private schools )
◦ Elite class education system in pakistan got
successes very quickly today even poor prefer
to send their child in these private school but
because of high fee i.e city school ,BEACON
SCHOOL PAK TURK SCHOOL etc..

38. ◦ Schools in Indonesia are run either
by the government (negeri) or private
sectors (swasta).
◦ Private schools refer to themselves as
"national plus schools" which means that
their curriculum to exceeds requirements
set by the Ministry of Education, especially
with the use of English as medium of
instruction or having an international-based
curriculum instead of the national one.

39. Madrasa
◦ Madrasa are the largest NGOs of the world today in
Pakistan about 8000 Madrasa are working in Pakistan.
They provide not only Education but also
accommodation and food. They provide lslamic as well
as worldly Education. The government should
introduced the reforms for the Madrasa and improve
their standard..They will be helpful in two ways...
◦ FIRSTLY, it will b provide free of cost education to poor
child.
◦ SECONDLY, it will lesson the burden the government...

41. Examination
SYSTEM In
Pakistan
Our educational
institutions are producing
“Not Men of Letters but
men of money.” They are
not learned people with
independent thinking and a
wider and serious outlook
on life.
Examination System may
be :
Annual
Semster
Online
Annual
• At schools and
college level
the system of
exams are
Annual
• 1st Term
• 2ND Term
• Final Term
Semester
• At university
level exams are
may be Annual
or semester
• Mid
• Finals
Online
• Online exams
are mostly held
by open
university
• Tofel or Ielts
etc.

42. Examination
System In
Indonesia
National
Examinations
Junior
High school
Exams
Senior High
school
Exams
National Examinations are
administered by Ministry of
National Education. To pass
the exams, an overall
average of 6 is required
(4.26 min for individual
subjects). Students are tested
in the following streams:
• Natural Science
• Social Science
• Language
National Examinations are
organized Either Online or
Offline .For Higher
Education (Such as
Universities etc) same
system as in Pakistan

43. Flaws in Educational System
Pakistan
◦ Medium of Education
◦ Regional Disparity
◦ Gender Disparity
◦ Lack of Technical Education
◦ Low allocation of Funds
◦ Poor quality of Education In public
schools
◦ Unequal lines of Education
Indonesia
◦ Teacher quality and teacher's
distribution
◦ Curriculum
◦ Corruption

45. Recommendations
◦ Some suggestion for the improvement in the current education of Pakistan..
◦ We should enhance our Educational GDP and grants to improve our Quality of Education.
◦ "The sate shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to
sixteen year in such a manner as may be determined by law"
◦ But we see today in Pakistan that the condition of school and colleges of GOVT sector is worst
as compared to private school and collages. This is the mainly due to the syllabus and the
method of teaching in both GOVT and private sector...

47. `