1. Elementary Education
Elementary education plays an important role in the
development of any country. It is a stage where we
prepare students to meet the future needs.
2. Definition, Concept and Scope of
Elementary Education in Pakistan
Elementary education, in Pakistan is considered from pre-school level to
grade 8th .
It provides baseline for the further Education.
Initiate progress in new and existing programme for the promotion of
Elementary education.
In this stage, students get last chance to become master in basic skills, and
develop their attitude towards learning according to their individualistic
differences.
Pakistan Elementary Teachers Association work for the balance curriculum of
Elementary education.
Areas of curriculum concerned with basic skills includes logical, sequential
and analytical must be taught by interactive pedagogies.
3. Cont…
Elementary level education and knowledge must mirror the immediate
culture, ethnicity, ideology and local socio-economic groups.
It help student to realize their concepts, responsibilities, identities,
abstractions and attitude towards society.
Teacher role must be personal guide, a facilitator of learning, a coordinator,
and promote collaborative work among learners keep in the view of their
individual differences.
Mastery over the tools of learning, Harmonious (Pleasant ) development, Good
citizenship and national integration, International understanding, Scientific
attitude
4. ‘The elementary education should be
projective’
Three factors helps to enhance the quality Elementary Education.
The involvement of the strata students, teachers, parents, and the
community is essential. They highlights the student‘s needs (social, financial,
emotional, physical), in drafting the documents.
Need Teachers’ Commitment and interactive pedagogies.
Need of budgeting/funding and resources
5. Importance and practice in Comparative
Prospective
Pakistan
India
Bangladesh
Republic of Korea
Japan
Canada
6. Pakistan
Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments.
Federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and
in the financing of research and development.
The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into six levels:
Preschool (for the age from 3 to 5 years);
primary (grades one through five);
middle (grades six through eight);
high (grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate or SSC);
intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary
(School)Certificate or HSC);
and university programsleadingto undergraduate and graduate degrees.
7. Cont…
It is mandated in the Constitution of Pakistan to provide free and compulsory
education to all children between the ages of 5-16 years and enhance adult
literacy.
Millennium Development Goals(MDGs) and Pakistan.
Education for All (EFA) Commitment
The goal under Vision 2030 is one curriculum and one national examination
system under state responsibility.
The strategies charted out to achieve the goal included:
(i) Increasing public expenditure on education and skills generation from 2.7%
of GDP to 5% by 2010 and 7% by 2015.
(ii) Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and
quality of scientific/technical education in Pakistan in particular
8. Problems
Lack of Proper Planning
Social constraints
Gender gap
Cost of education
War on Terror
Funds for Education
Poverty, law and order situation, natural disasters, budgetary constraints,
lack of access.
Inside and outside the school challenges.
9. India
Free and compulsory education to all children up to the age of fourteen years
is the Constitutional commitment in India.
At the time of adoption of the Constitution in 1950, the aim was to achieve
the goal of Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) within the next
ten years i.e. by 1960.
A little less than 50 per cent of the total population in 1991 was illiterate but
since then the country has made considerable progress both in terms of total
(7+ population) and adult literacy (15+) rates.
however be noted that during 1991 to 1998, the increase in female literacy
(11 per cent) was higher than the increase in male literacy (9 per cent)
10. Elementary Education
The entire school education can be divided in to four parts, namely, primary,
upper primary, secondary and higher secondary levels.
The National Policy of Education (1968 & 1986) and its revised formulation
(1992) envisaged a uniform pattern of school education (10+2 pattern, 12
years of schooling) across the states.
During 1990-98, about 65.8 thousand schools were opened against 38.7
thousand upper primary schools.
Andhra Pradesh (79.43 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (72.60 per cent), Rajasthan
(79.00 per cent) and Uttar Pradesh (82.09 per cent) had a lower percentage
of population served by upper primary schooling facilities than at the all-India
level (Mehta, 1999).
11. Bangladesh
The government of Bangladesh operates many schools in the primary,
secondary, and higher secondary levels.
Bangladesh conforms fully to the UN's Education For All (EFA) objective] and
the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) as well as other education-related
international declarations.
The three main educational systems in Bangladesh are:
1-General Education System
2-Madrasah Education System
3-Technical - Vocational Education System
Each of these three main systems is divided into three levels: Primary Level
(Class 1-8) Secondary Level (Class 9-12) Tertiary Level
12. Cont…
The overall responsibility of management of primary education lies with the
Ministry of Primary and Mass Education (MOPME), set up as a Ministry in 1992.
While MOPME is involved in formulation of policies, the responsibility of
implementation rests with the Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) headed
by a Director General.
The Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and its subordinate offices in the
district and upazila are solely responsible for management and supervision of
primary education.
The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) is responsible for the
development of curriculum and production of textbooks.
13. Republic of Korea
Education in South Korea is provided by both public schools and private
schools. Both types of schools receive funding from the government, although
the amount that the private schools receive is less than the amount of the
state schools.
South Korea is one of the top-performing Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in reading literacy, maths and
sciences with the average student scoring 542 and has one of the world‘s
highest-educated labor forces among OECD countries.
14. Elementary Education
Elementary schools consist of grades one to six (age 8 to age 13 in Korean
years—6 to 12 in western years). In elementary school, students learn the
following subjects. The curriculum differs from grades 1-2 to grades 3-6
Grades 1-2: 1- Korean (listening, speaking, reading, writing) 2- Mathematics
3- Disciplined Life 4- Sensible Life 5- Enjoyable Life. 6- Physical
Education Grades 3-6:
1-Korean (listening, speaking, reading, writing) 2-English 3- Moral Education
4--Social Studies 5- Mathematics 6-Science 7- Art 8-Music 9- Practical Arts 10-
Physical Education
15. Japan
Entrance into elementary school is a major step in a child's life. Preparation
begins several months in advance.
A mother attends meetings sponsored by the school that her child will attend.
Education philosophy and teaching practices
Two important assumptions underlie much of Japanese elementary and
secondary education practices. One is that virtually all children have the
ability to learn well and to master the regular school curriculum.
The second is that certain habits and characteristics, such as diligence and
attention to detail, can be taught.
16. Cont…
all elementary schools use educational television broadcasts by, the Japanese
National Public Broadcasting Service. Science, social studies, and ethics
programs are the most popular. Programs are broadcast weekly for each
different grade level and are 15 minutes long.
A basic characteristic throughout elementary and secondary education is the
continuing emphasis on science and mathematics.
The Japanese consider these subjects the basic building blocks of technology,
and curriculum requirements ensure that all children receive extensive
grounding in them.
Mathematics is one of the required subjects on university entrance
examinations and, hence, receives continuing attention through all grades.
17. Canada
Canada is a beautiful country occupying the northernmost region of the North
American continent.
Education in Canada usually starts with kindergarten followed by grades 1 to
12. By law, children must go to school starting at the age of 5 or 6 and until
they are between 16 and 18, depending on the province or territory.
Since Canada is a bilingual country, English-language and French-language
schools are available across the country (even in areas where one language is
more commonly spoken than the other).
18. Pre-Elementary Education in Canada
Pre-elementary programs in Canada—educational programs offered to young
children (4- 5 years) prior to that student beginning elementary school at age
six—are offered by public, private, and federal schools within the country, as
well as schools for the visually and hearing impaired.
Primary (Elementary) Education in Canada
Primary education in Canada is compulsory for all children, usually beginning
at age 6 or 7 with Grade One. Students receive six years of primary
education—Grade 1 through Grade 6—typically broken down in the following
manner: Grade 1 (ages 6–7) Grade 2 (ages 7–8) Grade 3 (ages 8–9) Grade 4
(ages 9–10) Grade 5 (ages 10–11) Grade 6 (ages 11–12)
19. Cont...
The curriculum at the primary stage of education encompasses a number of
subject areas, including mathematics, reading, language arts (usually English
language, but French in Quebec), social studies, history, geography, science,
music, art and physical education.
Naturally, the difficulty of said curriculum increases somewhat with every
passing grade, as students learn to master new skills.
20. Role of Private and Public Sector Education in
Pakistan
Over the past decade, private sector has emerged as a
key provider of education services in Pakistan both in
absolute terms and relative to the public sector.
One piece of evidence relates to the number of private
schools, which increased by 69%, as compared to mere
8% increase of government schools between 1999-2000
and 2007-08.
In 2000, the private sector was catering to the
educational needs of about 6 million children. This
number increased to 12 million in 2007-08 – equivalent
to 34 percent of total enrolment.
21. Compulsory Elementary Education
The word elementary education refers to primary education or universal
education and this is the most basic and foundational level in educational
process which is extremely crucial and highly sensitive.
Elementary education builds foundation for the towering building of a man‘s
personality.
