What is Comparative Education?
Comparative education is the study of two or more education systems.
Comparative education refers to evaluating systems of education between different regions, cultures, or nations.
Comparative education is the study dealing with the comparison of current educational theories and practices in different countries for the purpose of broadening the understanding of educational problems beyond the boundaries of one's own country.
Following are the purposes of the study of comparative education:
To assists the learners to understand their educational systems better.
To find out the strengths and weakness of the current education system.
To assist in the development of educational institutions and practices.
To highlight the relationships between education and society.
To study the factors that influence education system for the purpose of finding out solutions of educational problems
Another purpose is To understand why the educational systems of some countries are progressive and of others, backward
There are mainly three parallel education systems running in Pakistan
public schools system
Private school system
Deeni Madaris.
Public institutions are those which are managed by government and they receive funds from government. On the other hand private institutions are managed by private owners and they generate their own funds by charging tuition fee.
2. Outline
What is Comparative Education?
Purpose of comparative education
Education systems in Pakistan (Literature review)
Difference between public and private schools
with regards to:
Problems in public sector of education in
Pakistan
Conclusion
References
3. Introduction
What is Comparative Education?
• Comparative education is the study of two or more
education systems.
• Comparative education refers to evaluating systems
of education between different regions, cultures, or
nations.
4. Comparative Education
Comparative education is
the study dealing with
the comparison of
current educational
theories and practices in
different countries for
the purpose of
broadening the
understanding of
educational problems
beyond the boundaries
of one's own country.
5. Purpose of comparative education
Following are the purposes of the study of
comparative education:
• To assists the learners to understand their
educational systems better.
• To find out the strengths and weakness of the
current education system.
• To assist in the development of educational
institutions and practices.
• To highlight the relationships between education and
society.
6. Contn….
• To study the factors that influence education
system for the purpose of finding out solutions
of educational problems
• Another purpose is To understand why the
educational systems of some countries are
progressive and of others, backward
7. Education systems In Pakistan
(Literature Review)
Education plays a important role in the rise and fall of
the nations. Education is an important determinant of
economic and social development of a nation. Quality
of education in a country indicates the quality of its
human resource. The changes in the education sector
that have been taking place in Pakistan have created an
environment with numerous opportunities as well as
challenges in terms of policy development.
8. Education systems in Pakistan
There are mainly three parallel education systems
running in Pakistan
1. public schools system
2. Private school system
3. Deeni Madaris.
Public institutions are those which are managed by
government and they receive funds from government. On
the other hand private institutions are managed by private
owners and they generate their own funds by charging
tuition fee.
9. Literature review
• Education system in Pakistan is a legacy of British rule
in the sub-continent. At the time of independence
(1947) both public and private institutions were
providing education at primary and secondary levels.
All the types of educational institutions continued
functioning after creation of Pakistan in 1947. At that
time, private sector had an important role in providing
education through schools.
10. Cont…
• In National Education Policy (1972) the
Government of Pakistan decided to take over all
the privately-managed educational institutions. As
a result, in1974 the 19,432 educational institutions
were nationalized. These included 18,926 schools,
346 madrass, 155 colleges and 5 technical
institutions (Government. of Pakistan, 1998).
11. • After the end of nationalization in 1979, Pakistan has
witnessed an exponential increase in the role of
private sector service providers. The negative
experiences of government schools have shifted
children from government to private schools. Private
schools no longer remain an urban or elite
phenomenon, but rather poor households also use
these facilities to a large extent
Cont…
12. • Currently the education system of Pakistan is
comprised of 267,700 institutions and is
facilitating more than 40 million students with
the help of 1.81 million teachers. Hence 36%
educational institutes are run by private sector
while 64% are public institutes.
Cont…
14. Public vs. Private Schools
• School management
• Admission
• School fee
• Teaching methods
• Rules and regulations
• Curriculum
• Students’ diversification
• Student teacher ratio
• Medium of Instruction
• Assessment process
20. Performance of students
• According to ASER 2018, the performance of students
enrolled in private schools was better than the students of
public school.
21.
22. Teacher & Student Attendance
Overall student attendance in surveyed government
schools stood at 84% whereas it was 88% in surveyed
private schools. Overall teacher attendance in
surveyed government schools stood at 87% whereas
it was 89% in surveyed private schools. (ASER 2018)
24. According to the school survey, the private
schools had availability of more rooms for
teaching, better drinking water facilities,
toilets and boundary walls. The only facility in
which the private schools were worse off than
the public schools was the availability of
playgrounds.
Infrastructure Facilities In Schools
28. • Non availability of up to date Curriculum
• Less training institutions:
• Corruption in education:
• Poverty and Child labor:
• Teacher’s behavior towards their job
• Gender discrimination:
• Lack of Basic Infrastructure
• Transfer of Teacher
• Mismanagement
Problems in public education system
29. Conclusion
• The outcomes of private versus public schools’ debate may
be a popular discourse, however, The Public sector alone
especially in developing countries cannot meet the needs
of quality education for rapidly growing population
including Pakistan. Government alone can’t fulfill the
responsibility to provide education to fast growing
population. So private sector has to share this burden.
Therefore, both the public and private sectors are engaged
in providing education to the masses. In Pakistan, private
schools are getting mass acceptance today to ensure
sustained progress of the country.
• It can be a better option if the government uses its
resources not on increasing the number of schools but
rather on the quality of existing schools.
30. References
• Annual Status of Education Report (ASER 2018) Provisional February 19,
2019
• Comparative Education, “Prof Dr. Pervez Aslam Shami” Page No 22-24.
• Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.6, No.16, 2015, Comparative
Analysis of Public and Private Educational Institutions.
• Siddiqui, N. and Gorard, S. (2017) 'Comparing government and private
schools in Pakistan : the way forward for universal
education.', International journal of educational research., 82 . pp. 159-
169.
• http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/2017/07/31/comparison-of-public-
private-education-in-pakistan/
• http://neatoday.org/2018/08/03/10-challenges-facing-public-education-
today/
• http://www.ipripak.org/education-system-of-pakistan-issues-problems-
and-solutions/
