Brief comparison of education system of Pakistan and Singapore

1. “Comparison of Education System of Pakistan and Singapore:
Specifically Science Education ”
Name : Museera Imran
Student No.: 2016-2328

2. Contents
1.Why I chose Singapore for comparison.
2.Flags and maps, area and Location.
3. History
4. Nature of government
5.President/ prime minister /monarch (king queen system)
etc
6. Their pictures
7. Demographics including:
I. Culture vs education
II. Religion vs education
III. Languages vs education
IV. Economy vs education
V. Gender vs education
VI. Literacy rate , male and female vs education
I. Death and Birth rate vs education
II. GDP allocation for Education
8. Education system
I. Brief introduction of education system of both country
II. Education system of Pakistan
III. pictorial presentation / chart form
IV. stages
V. pre Primary – university (tertiary education).
VI. Age at each stage
VII. Courses/subjects at each stage
VIII.Professional degrees
IX. Technical and no technical
X. Science Education
9.Conclusion

3. 1.Why I chose Singapore for comparison
1. People of Singapore are highly educated with overall high literacy
rate.
2. Singapore is one of richest countries in the world.
3. The country is currently the only city-island-nation in the world.
4. Singapore ranks third in the world for life expectancy.
5. The island nation’s education system is among the best in the world.
6. PISA estimates that Singaporean pupils are nearly three years ahead
of their American peers in maths.(2018)

4. Flags
Singapore Pakistan

5. Area and Map
881,913 square kilometres (340,509
square miles)
280 square miles(721.5 km²)

6. Location

7. History
SINGAPORE
1. Ancient Singapore
2. British colonisation
3. World War II
4. Post-war period
5. Within Malaysia
6. Republic of Singapore
PAKISTAN
Pakistan Movement
Creation of Pakistan
1947–1958: First democratic era
1958–1971: first military era
1958: military rule
1962–1969: presidential republic
1969–1971: martial law
1971–1977: Second democratic era
1977–1988: Second military era
1988–1999: Third democratic era (Benazir–Nawaz)
1999–2007: Third military era (Musharraf–Aziz)
2008–present: Fourth democratic era

8. Nature of Government
PAKISTAN
1. Abbreviated as GoP, is a federal government
2. A parliamentary democratic republic,
constitutionally called the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan.
3. The President acts as the ceremonial figurehead
4. The people-elected Prime Minister acts as the chief
executive (of the executive branch) and is
responsible for running the federal government.
5. The government is separated into three branches
a. Executive
b. Legislative
c. Judiciary:
SINGAPORE
1. A parliamentary republic based on the
Westminster system.
2. The president is head of state and exercises
executive power on the advice of her ministers.
3. The prime minister is head of government and is
appointed by the president as the person most
likely to command the confidence of a majority of
Parliament.
4. The government is separated into three branches
a. Executive
b. Legislative
c. Judiciary:

9. PRESIDENT
Arif Alvi
Halimah Yacob

10. PRIME MINISTER
Imran Khan
Lee Hsien Loong

11. DEMOGRAPHICS
Culture Vs Education
PAKISTAN
❖ Pakistan as a culturally diverse country
possesses a wide range of cultural
factors.
❖ These cultural factors affect the living
style, traditions, values and norms as
well as the education.
❖ Pakistani culture is heavily influenced by
the dominant Islam religion, with its
emphasis on education.
SINGAPORE
❖ The four key races making up Singapore
are the Chinese (74.3%), Malays (13.4%),
Indians (9.1%) and others, including
Eurasians (3.2%) (Ministry of Health,
Singapore, 2017).
❖ The use of a common English language
allowed for the development of respect and
understanding among the different cultures
in Singapore and this enabled the
development of a unique Singapore identity.

12. Religion vs education
PAKISTAN SINGAPORE

13. LANGUAGE VS EDUCATION
PAKISTAN
Urdu: Urdu is the national language of Pakistan.
English: Official language
SINGAPORE
Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay,
Mandarin, and Tamil.

14. Economy vs education
PAKISTAN
● 23rd largest in the world in terms of purchasing power
parity (PPP).
● 42nd largest in terms of nominal gross domestic product.
● Pakistan has a population of over 220 million (the world's
5th-largest), giving it a nominal GDP per capita of $1,357
in 2019, which ranks 154th in the world and giving it a
PPP GDP per capita of 5,839 in 2019, which ranks 132nd
in the world for 2019.
● The economy is semi-industrialized, with centres of growth
along the Indus River. Primary export commodities
include textiles, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals and
carpets/rugs.
● Education is key to the socio-economic development of a
country. It plays a vital role in building human capabilities
and accelerates economic growth through knowledge,
● SINGAPORE
● The national budget on education stands at SGD 12.9
billion in 2017 (Ministry of Finance, 2017).
● This amount is 3% of the national budget and is only
second after that of defense.
● On the average, Singaporeans spend 10.7 years in
school (Department of Population Statistics, Singapore,
2017). With the focus on education as a means for
economic progress (and social mobility), it is no
surprise that teacher’s role in the society is one of great
importance.
● Teachers are valued by the society as playing an
important role to nurture responsible and useful
citizens for the country.

15. Gender vs education
PAKISTAN
Out of school by Gender
SINGAPORE

16. Literacy rate , male and female vs education
PAKISTAN
Literacy PSLM Survey could not be conducted in 2016-17
and 2017-18 on account of “Population & Housing Census
in 2017”. However, according to Labour Force Survey 2017-
18, literacy rate trends shows 62.3 percent in 2017-18 (as
compared to 60.7 percent in 2014-15), males (from 71.6% to
72.5%) and females (from 49.6% to 51.8%).
SINGAPORE

17. DEATH AND BIRTH RATE
Population of Pakistan
Population:220,892,340 people (2020)
Growth rate:2.50 (2020)
Birth rate:29.8 births / 1,000 population (2016)
Death rate:7.5 deaths / 1,000 population (2016)
Life expectancy:67.7 years (2016)
• male:65.8 years (2016)
• female:69.8 years (2016)
Fertility rate:3.56 children born / woman (2016
Infant mortality rate:53.86 deaths / 1,000 live births (2016)
SINGAPORE
The birth rate for Singapore in 2018 was 8.750 births per 1000
people, a 1.74% decline from 2017. The birth rate for Singapore
in 2017 was 8.905 births per 1000 people, a 1.7% decline from
2016.

18. GDP allocation for Education
PAKISTAN
Pakistan's public expenditure on education as percentage
to GDP is estimated at 2.4 percent in fiscal year 2018-19,
which is the lowest in the region. Total GDP: $284.214
billion (nominal; 2019 est.) $1.191 trillion (PPP; 2020 est.)
SINGAPORE
Total GDP: $362.818 billion (nominal, 2019 est.) $593.802
billion (PPP, 2019)

19. Education system
Brief introduction of education system of the country
PAKISTAN
● Pakistan’s education system has evolved substantially from
both its Islamic and British historical roots.
● It has improved greatly in the 20th and 21st centuries, but still
tends to rely too heavily on rote memorization and outdated
teaching and examination methods.
● Islamiyat (Islamic studies) is a core subject
● Pakistan had a comparatively centralized system of
government throughout much of its history, there has been a
trend toward decentralization since the early 2000s.
● The provinces themselves, the administration of education
largely shifted from provincial governments to local district
governments.
SINGAPORE
● Education in Singapore is managed by the Ministry
of Education (MOE), which controls the
development and administration of state schools
receiving taxpayers' funding.
● But also has an advisory and supervisory role in
respect of private schools.
● For both private and state schools, there are
variations in the extent of autonomy in their
curriculum, scope of taxpayers' aid and funding,
tuition burden on the students, and admission policy.

20. Pictorial presentation
PAKISTAN SINGAPORE

21. Continued…….
PAKISTAN SINGAPORE

22. Stages of Education
PAKISTAN
Pakistan’s education system is divided into five
levels:
● primary (grades one through five);
● middle (grades six through eight);
● high (grades nine and ten, leading to the
Secondary School Certificate);
● intermediate (grades eleven and twelve,
leading to a Higher Secondary School
Certificate); and
● university programs leading to graduate
and advanced degrees.
SINGAPORE
● Pre-School
● Primary School
● Secondary Education
● Post Secondary Education
Options
● Polytechnics
● Institute of Technical Education
● Vocational Education

23. Age at each stage
PAKISTAN SINGAPORE

24. Courses/subjects at each stage
PAKISTAN
Primary and middle education
The eight commonly examined disciplines are Urdu, English,
mathematics, arts, science, social studies, Islamic studies and
sometimes computer studies (subject to availability of a computer
laboratory).
Secondary education
The curriculum usually includes a combination of eight courses
including electives (such as Biology, Chemistry, Computer and
Physics) as well as compulsory subjects (such as Mathematics,
English, Urdu, Islamic studies and Pakistan Studies).
Higher Secondary education
There are many streams students can choose for their 11 and 12
grades, such as pre-medical, pre-engineering, humanities (or social
sciences), computer science and commerce. Each stream consists of
three electives and as well as three compulsory subjects of English,
Urdu, Islamiat (grade 11 only) and Pakistani Studies (grade 12 only).
SINGAPORE
Pre-School Education Learning Areas
● Numeracy
● Language and literacy
● Aesthetics and creative expression
● Social and emotional development
● Discovery of the world
● Motor skills development
Primary (P1-P4)
● Languages
● Music
● Art
● Mathematics
● Mother Tongue Language
● Social studies
● Physical education
● Character and citizenship education
In primary 5 and 6, your child will learn
● Sciences
● Mathematics
● English language at the standard or foundation level depending on his or her primary four
examination results.

25. Professional degrees
PAKISTAN
After earning their HSSC, students may study in a
professional institute for Bachelor's degree courses such
as:
● engineering (BE/BS/BSc Engineering),
● medicine (MBBS),
● dentistry (BDS),
● veterinary medicine (DVM),
● law (LLB),
● architecture (BArch),
● pharmacy (Pharm.D) and
● nursing (BSc Nursing).
SINGAPORE
Subject areas for a professional training program
in Singapore include:
● Agriculture and veterinary medicine
● Applied and pure sciences
● Architecture and construction
● Business and management
● Education and training
● Engineering
● Social studies and media
● Travel and hospitality
● Personal care and fitness

26. Technical Education
PAKISTAN
Four Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) have been established in the
Construction, Hospitality, Textile and Renewable Energy sectors.
Auto & Diesel Aviation Technology Chemical Technology Civil
Technology Mechanical Technology Automobile Aircraft Maintenance
Engineers Technology Applied Chemistry & Chemical Technology
Architecture Technology Auto & Farm Beautician Biomedical Technician
Biomedical Technology Computer Information Technology Computer
Technology Cutting & Sewing Dying & Printing Electrical Technology
Electronics Technology Energy Engineering Technology Engineering
Technology Garment Technology Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
Industrial Technology Leather Technology Master Craftsman Mechanical
Production Mobile App Developer Pattern Making Petroleum Technology
Refrigeration & Air-conditioning Technology Telecom Technology Textile
Dying & Printing Textile Technology
SINGAPORE
Polytechnics offer a wide range of courses in
various fields, including engineering, business
studies, accountancy, tourism and hospitality
management, mass communications, digital media
and biotechnology.
There are also specialised courses such as marine
engineering, nautical studies, nursing, and
optometry. They provide a more industry-oriented
education as an alternative to junior colleges for
post-secondary studies.

27. Science EducationPAKISTAN
● As far as the primary and middle school levels were
concerned, practically no science was taught until the
1950s.
● In order to serve the purposes of an independent state, the
education system needed an overhauling and
restructuring, with a greater emphasis on science and
technology.
● The first Pakistan Education Conference, held in 1947 in
Karachi, prepared the ground for major changes in the
education system of the country.
● The conference received a message from the founder and
first Governor General of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali
Jinnah, emphasizing the need for giving the education
system of the country a scientific and technical base in
order to build up the economic life of the newly liberated
state.
● It was believed that a strong science and technological
education was imperative for achieving economic
SINGAPORE
● One of the major contributors to the consistently good
performance in mathematics and science is the quality of our
science teacher education in Singapore.
● The pathway of science teacher education is important as it
enables science teachers to be kept abreast of changing
educational innovations.
● Quality of science teachers is ensured from the first step of
recruitment.
● Prospective teachers undergo a stringent selection process
before they are admitted to the National Institute of Education
for their pre-service education.
● Factors such as strong governmental support, resource
availability, high quality professional development opportunities
that are responsive to changes in educational landscape, and
presence of a structure to allow planning and tracking of
professional development trajectory ensures quality
professional development.
● science teacher education in Singapore is a compact model that
is responsive yet stable, flexible yet structured, bespoke yet
inclusive, varied yet focused, and specialized yet accessible.

28. ● Education needs to be delivered
inclusively, effectively and equitably
across the country to ensure that it is a
driver of social cohesion and resilience.
● To improve both the quality and the
coverage of education, the focusing should
be on a uniform education system.
● Use of information technology, improved
governance and financial efficiency of
education system, decrease dropout ratio,
solutions to raise quality of education,
increased school enrolment and removing
financial barriers is required for a better
education system.
Conclusion