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Aqsa Ilyas (plastic eating bacteria in a chemical perspective).pptx
1. PLASTIC EATING BACTERIA IN A
CHEMICAL PERSPECTIVE
Presented by: Aqsa Ilyas
Presented To:Dr. M. Adnan Iqbal
Dr. Shanza Rauf
Ag no: 2021-ag-2666
2. TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Advantages and disadvantages of using plastic
Polyethylene terephthalate
Discovery of Ideonella sakaiensis and its characteristics
PETase
MEHtase
Mode of action of Ideonella sakainesis
The Future of Genetic Engineered Ideonella sakaiensis
Acknowledgement 2
3. INTRODUCTION
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
3
Fig.1 Use of plastic in different
products
Plastic has
remarkable
properties.
The word plastic
derived from
Greek word
“plasticos: which
means to mold
and reshaped.
Plastic is made by
polymerization.
its usage increase
20 folds since of
its invention,
transcending 300
million tons per
year and
extending up to
335 million tons
in 2015 . And
quadruple by
2050.
4. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 4
Examples of plastic
Fig 2 Examples of plastic (Draw on chemdraw)
5. Advantages and disadvantages of using plastic
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
5
Construction
electronics
packaging,
and
transportation
industries etc.
Water bottles,
plastic bags
cups and pens
Recycled.
light weight
and usually
odourless.
Fig 3 Plastic use in transportation
Advantages:
6. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 6
Disadvantages
Gives off gas which is harmful for health.
Cheap that’s why used alot by people , so it is a lot for landfill.
Floats on ocean surface and kill marine animals.
Destroy ozone layer.
Eaten by sea animal and add in our food chain.
Decrease soil fertility.
Fig. 4 Disadvantages of plastics
7. Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF_ 7
Molecular formula is C12H14O4
IUPAC name 2-methoxyethyl-4 acetyl benzoate with molecular mass 222.25g/mol
Invented by Hoffman and Philllips
Used in making bottles and storage food storage
Production in 2019 is 30 million tons and expected in 2024 is 30.5 million
-H2O
Fig.5 Overall formation of
PET(Draw on chemdraw)
9. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Discovery and characteristics of bacteria Ideonella
sakainesis
9
In 2016 Japanese
researcher discover
bacteria which can
degrade plastic
named I.sakainesis
It secrete two
enzymes i-e
and MEHtase
• Aerobic
• Rod-shape
• Non-spore forming
• Motile
• Having single
flagellum
• pH 5.5-9.0
7-7.5)
• Temperature 15-42
°C (optimum 30-37
°C)
11. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 11
Attack of PEtase on PET
Fig.8 Attack of PETase amino acid on PET(a)
and formation of an intermediate complex
(b) (Draw on chemdraw)
(a)
(b)
12. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
12
MHET
TPA
Fig.9 Attack of water (c) and
formation of MHET and TPA (d)
(Draw on chemdraw)
(c)
(d)
14. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 14
Fig.8 11 Attack of MHETase amino acids on MHET(e) and
formation of an intermediate complex (f) (
(e) (f)
15. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 15
Fig. 12 Attack of water (e) and formation of EG and TPA (f)
(e) (f)
TPA
EG
16. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Mode of action of Ideonella sakainesis
16
Fig.13 Mode of action of bacteria
I.Sakainesis (Draw on chemdraw and
17. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 17
Advantages of using I.sakainesis for degradation of plastic
This method is useful in
removing the plastic
However the terephthalic acid
can be isolated and reused, this
provide a huge saving in the
production of new polymers
18. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Disadvantages of using I.sakainesis for degradation of
plastic
18
Some toxins are released as plastic
eating bacteria by-products. These
have the potential to harm the
environment more than the plastic
waste itself.
19. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
The future of I.sakainesis
19
This bacteria is generally present in swamps where the
plastic is present in less amount
Thus, a modification (genetic engineering) is needed in
order to optimize the potential of this bacterium. Solving
this problem, genetic engineering is done by inserting
the DNA of Azotobacter into Ideonella’s plasmid.
20. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 20
Acknowledgement
I would like to thanks Allah Almighty,my
parents,my respected teachers and research
fellows.
21. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF 21
Awaja, F. and D. Pavel. 2005. Recycling of PET. European polymer journal, 41: 1453-
1477.
Chakraborty, R., A. Asthana, A. K. Singh, B. Jain and A. B. H. Susan. 2022. Adsorption of
heavy metal ions by various low-cost adsorbents: a review. International Journal
of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102: 342-379.
Divyalakshmi, S. and A. Subhashini. 2016. Screening and isolation of polyethylene
degrading bacteria from various soil environments. IOSR J Environ Sci Toxicol
Food Technol, 10: 01-07.
Maity, W., S. Maity, S. Bera and A. Roy. 2021. Emerging roles of PETase and MHETase
in the biodegradation of plastic wastes. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,
193: 2699-2716.
Reddy, M. S., P. S. Reddy, G. V. Subbaiah and H. V. Subbaiah. 2014. Effect of plastic
pollution on environment. J Chem Pharm Sci, 14: 28-29.
Widyastuti, G. 2018. Genetic engineered ideonella Sakaiensis Bacteria: A solution of
the legendary plastic waste problem. In: 3rd International Conference of
Integrated Intellectual Community (ICONIC).
References:
